interleukin-8 and ceric-oxide

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria [NC]) have attracted much attention in biomedicine due to their surface composition that confers interesting redox activities and regenerative properties. Studies have demonstrated that the application of NPs in biomedicine can influence components of hemostatic system, inducing blood clotting, alterations of blood cells, and endothelial cell functions. NC were tested in vitro to assess their hemocompatibility and anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-senescence activity in human endothelial cells. Hemocompatibility has been evaluated in vitro looking at the impact of NC on coagulation times, fibrinogen, and platelet aggregation. The effect of NC on vascular endothelial cells were assayed by testing cell viability, antioxidant activity, anticoagulant (tissue factor [TF]-mRNA expression) and anti-inflammatory properties (VCAM-1 exposure, cytokine release), and senescence (telomere shortening). NC did not show significant effects on coagulation process, hemolysis, or platelet aggregation. In endothelial cells, NC did not affect cell viability, reduced oxidative stress, inhibited mRNA-TF expression, VCAM-1 expression, and cytokine release. Moreover, NC reduce telomere shortening, possibly counteracting premature senescence. The hemocompatibility combined with anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory phenotype and the ability of counteract the premature senescence in vascular cells make NC a promising therapeutic tool in oxidative stress-related conditions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2019.

Topics: Antioxidants; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Cell Survival; Cellular Senescence; Cerium; DNA; Fluorescence; Hemolysis; Hemostasis; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Nanoparticles; Platelet Aggregation; Reactive Oxygen Species; RNA, Messenger; Thromboplastin; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

Because vascular endothelial cell inflammation is critical in the development of cardiovascular pathology, we hypothesized that direct exposure of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) to ultrafine particles induces an inflammatory response. To test the hypothesis, we incubated HAECs for 4 h with different concentrations (0.001-50 microg/ml) of CeO(2) nanoparticles and subsequently measured mRNA levels of the three inflammatory markers intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), interleukin (IL)-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ceria nanoparticles caused very little inflammatory response in HAECs, even at the highest dose. This material is apparently rather benign in comparison with Y(2)O(3) and ZnO nanoparticles that we have studied previously. These results suggest that inflammation in HAECs following acute exposure to metal oxide nanoparticles depends strongly on particle composition.

Topics: Cells, Cultured; Cerium; Chemokine CCL2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelial Cells; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Interleukin-8; Metal Nanoparticles; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors

Envirox is a scientifically and commercially proven diesel fuel combustion catalyst based on nanoparticulate cerium oxide and has been demonstrated to reduce fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions (CO(2)), and particulate emissions when added to diesel at levels of 5 mg/L. Studies have confirmed the adverse effects of particulates on respiratory and cardiac health, and while the use of Envirox contributes to a reduction in the particulate content in the air, it is necessary to demonstrate that the addition of Envirox does not alter the intrinsic toxicity of particles emitted in the exhaust. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety in use of Envirox by addressing the classical risk paradigm. Hazard assessment has been addressed by examining a range of in vitro cell and cell-free endpoints to assess the toxicity of cerium oxide nanoparticles as well as particulates emitted from engines using Envirox. Exposure assessment has taken data from modeling studies and from airborne monitoring sites in London and Newcastle adjacent to routes where vehicles using Envirox passed. Data have demonstrated that for the exposure levels measured, the estimated internal dose for a referential human in a chronic exposure situation is much lower than the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) in the in vitro toxicity studies. Exposure to nano-size cerium oxide as a result of the addition of Envirox to diesel fuel at the current levels of exposure in ambient air is therefore unlikely to lead to pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation, which are the precursors for respiratory and cardiac health problems.

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Catalysis; Cell Line; Cerium; Environmental Pollutants; Epithelial Cells; Gasoline; Glutathione; Glutathione Peroxidase; Humans; Interleukin-8; Lung; Nanoparticles; Oxidation-Reduction; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Rats; Risk Assessment; Superoxide Dismutase; Time Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vehicle Emissions