interleukin-8 and alpha-pinene

The proinflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 is increased in asthmatic patients. Traditionally, ginger is used as an antiinflammatory drug. An extract and several compounds of Zingiber officinale (ginger) were tested in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells) with respect to their effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of the proinflammatory chemokine interleukin 8 (IL-8) and RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted). An oily extract of ginger rhizome with > 25% total pungent compounds, ginger volatile oil, ar-curcumene and α-pinene reduced the LPS-induced IL-8 secretion (measured by a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), whereas a spissum extract, the pungents [6]-gingerol and its metabolite [6]-shogaol, and the terpenoids citral and β-phellandrene showed no effect. The LPS-induced slight increase of RANTES was reduced by volatile oil, ar-curcumene and α-pinene. There was no effect of LPS on TNF-α. Our results suggest that distinct ginger compounds could be used as antiinflammatory drugs in respiratory infections.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Bronchi; Catechols; Cell Line; Chemokine CCL5; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Cyclohexenes; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epithelial Cells; Fatty Alcohols; Humans; Interleukin-8; Lipopolysaccharides; Monoterpenes; Plant Extracts; Plant Oils; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rhizome; Sesquiterpenes; Volatile Organic Compounds; Zingiber officinale

The scope of this work was to examine in vitro responses of lung cells to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles, under realistic ambient air and physiological conditions occurring when particles are inhaled by mammals, using a novel particle deposition chamber. The cell cultures included cell types that are representative for the inner surface of airways and alveoli and are the target cells for inhaled particles. The results demonstrate that an exposure to SOA at ambient-air concentrations of about 10(4) particles/cm(3) for 2 h leads to only moderate cellular responses. There is evidence for (i) cell type specific effects and for (ii) different effects of SOA originating from anthropogenic and biogenic precursors, i.e. 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) and alpha-pinene, respectively. There was no indication for cytotoxic effects but for subtle changes in cellular functions that are essential for lung homeostasis. Decreased phagocytic activity was found in human macrophages exposed to SOA from alpha-pinene. Alveolar epithelial wound repair was affected by TMB-SOA exposure, mainly because of altered cell spreading and migration at the edge of the wound. In addition, cellular responses were found to correlate with particle number concentration, as interleukin-8 production was increased in pig explants exposed to TMB-SOA with high particle numbers.

Topics: Aerosols; Air Pollutants; Animals; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Cell Line; Cell Movement; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Interleukin-8; Macrophages; Monoterpenes; Nanoparticles; Phagocytosis; Swine; Wound Healing

Toxicological investigation suggests that exposures to complex secondary organic aerosol (SOA) products can result in adverse health effects in biological systems. However, the mechanism of adverse health effects is not yet understood. One of the major restrictions in studies of health effects of SOA is a particle exposure technique. In this study, we applied an innovative soft targeting technology using magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) to deliver SOAs onto target biological systems under a magnetic field. The exploratory exposure technology using MNP was demonstrated for the SOAs created from the reaction of ozone with alpha-pinene in an indoor Teflon film chamber. SOA increased the release of the proinflammatory mediator interleukin-8 by respiratory epithelial cells. These results support that MNP can effectively deliver SOAs to epithelial cells in vitro resulting in a significant biological effects.

Topics: Aerosols; Air Pollutants; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Cell Line; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Interleukin-8; Models, Theoretical; Monoterpenes; Nanostructures; Organic Chemicals; Ozone; Structure-Activity Relationship; Toxicity Tests