indigo-carmine and sulfan-blue

The authors report a case in which an intravenous injection of Patent Blue V dye instead of Indigo Carmine was given during routine gynaecological surgery. The patient presented with temporary arterial (spurious) desaturation and skin discoloration over a 48-hour period. Pharmacological differences between these dyes are described. Root cause analysis based on the ALARM (Association of Litigation and Risk Management) model is presented. The authors emphasise that use of this model should not be limited solely to describing and correcting well known systems errors such as working conditions or teamwork and communication. Furthermore, they conclude that insufficient knowledge must also be recognised as a systems error and as such should be sought out and corrected using similar strategies to those used to discover other contributory factors, without allocation of blame to any individual.

Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Coloring Agents; Female; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Humans; Hysterectomy; Indigo Carmine; Medical Errors; Rosaniline Dyes

In this study, different concentrations of five food dyes (amaranth, patent blue, carminic acid, indigotine and erythrosine) have been evaluated for genotoxicity in the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) of Drosophila melanogaster. Standard cross was used in the experiment. Larvae including two linked recessive wing hair mutations were chronically fed at different concentrations of the test compounds in standard Drosophila Instant Medium. Feeding ended with pupation of the surviving larvae. Wings of the emerging adult flies were scored for the presence of spots of mutant cells which can result from either somatic mutation or somatic recombination. For the evaluation of genotoxic effects, the frequencies of spots per wing in the treated series were compared to the control group, which was distilled water. The present study shows that carminic acid and indigotine demonstrated negative results while erythrosine demonstrated inconclusive results. In addition 25 mg mL(-1) concentration of patent blue and 12.5, 25 and 50 mg mL(-1) concentrations of amaranth demonstrated positive results in the SMART.

Topics: Amaranth Dye; Animals; Carmine; Drosophila melanogaster; Erythrosine; Food Coloring Agents; Indigo Carmine; Indoles; Larva; Mutagenicity Tests; Recombination, Genetic; Rosaniline Dyes; Wings, Animal

A capillary zone electrophoretic (CZE) method for the separation of ten synthetic colorants such as acid red 92, patent blue V, uranine, acid red 1, indigo carmine, black BN, ponceau 6R, quinoline, amaranth, lemon yellow, and six preservatives including benzoic acid, sorbic acid, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, butyl paraben in beverages was developed. The effects of separation voltage, capillary temperature, pH and concentration of running buffer on the separation were investigated. A 46 cm x 50 microm uncoated fused silica capillary was used with 70 mmol/L boric acid (pH 9.5) containing 4% (v/v) acetonitrile as background electrolyte solution. The detection wavelength was set at 220 nm, and the run voltage was 30 kV. The injection time was 5 s at 500 mPa and the temperature was 25 degrees C. The linear relationship between the mass concentration and peak area for each of these analytes was obtained in

Topics: Beverages; Coloring Agents; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Fluorescein; Food Additives; Indigo Carmine; Rosaniline Dyes

This study investigates whether methylene blue (MB), patent blue V (PBV), and indigo carmine (IDC) commonly used in sentinel node biopsy cause DNA damage to breast epithelial cells in vitro.. MCF-7 and HB-2 cells were exposed for 5 minutes to the above dyes at the same concentrations used in clinical practice. Following exposure, the comet assay was performed to detect DNA damage. The enzyme, Fapy-DNA glycosylase (FpG) was incorporated to enable the detection of additional oxidative damage.. Both PBV and MB stimulated DNA strand breaks in both MCF-7 and HB2 cell lines (P < 0.05). Levels were elevated over 3-fold (P < 0.05) in MCF-7 and HB2 cells treated with 2.5% PBV and 1% MB, compared with untreated control cells. In contrast, IDC did not stimulate DNA strand break damage at clinically relevant concentrations in either cell line. Addition of Fapy-DNA glycosylase enzyme also revealed significantly (P < 0.05) increased levels of oxidative DNA lesions (ODL) in MCF-7 cells treated with PBV (17.6% ODL) compared with control cells (5.9% ODL).. This study shows, for the first time, that certain dyes (MB and PBV) commonly used in SLNB have genotoxic effects on breast cells at clinically relevant concentrations in vitro. In vivo studies are now warranted to assess and minimize DNA damage caused by these dyes during SLNB.

Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Transformed; Cell Line, Tumor; Coloring Agents; DNA Damage; Epithelial Cells; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Indigo Carmine; Methylene Blue; Rosaniline Dyes; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

We report 4 patients who had facial color changes to a blue-green-gray color and decreased oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry. Patient 1 received an intravenous (IV) methylene blue solution during a urologic procedure, and the remaining three patients were administered subcutaneous indigo carmine (patient 2) or Patent Blue (Patients 3 and 4) for axillary lymph node mapping. All patients had above normal methemoglobin levels. Two (Patients 2 and 3) had hypotension, and one (Patient 3) required IV ephedrine to restore hemodynamic stability. Patient 4 had a hypersensitivity reaction characterized by systemic urticaria and blue-colored subintegumentary edema due to the subcutaneous administration.

Topics: Aged; Cardiac Output; Color; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Male; Methemoglobinemia; Methylene Blue; Middle Aged; Oxygen; Rosaniline Dyes; Skin