indigo-carmine and caffeic-acid

Geigeria alata is a traditional plant used in Sudanese folk medicine for treatment of diabetes, cough, epilepsy and intestinal complaints.. To analyze phenolic acids in Geigeria alata roots and leaves and to evaluate their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.. Phenolic acids in the aqueous-methanol extracts were identified by LC-MS. Major compounds were isolated using low-pressure liquid chromatography. The quantitative analysis of phenolic acids was performed by a validated HPLC-UV method with limits of detection ranging from 0.04 to 0.57 μg/mL. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazine-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods were used for antioxidant activity evaluation. In addition, the minimal inhibitory concentration and the minimal bactericidal concentration against a panel of pathogenic bacteria and fungi were determined by the broth microdilution test.. For the first time protocatechuic, caffeic, p-coumaroylquinic, caffeoylsinapoylquinic, caffeoylferuloylquinic, three feruloylquinic, six caffeoylquinic acids, and a caffeic acid hexoside were detected in Geigeria alata roots by LC-MS. HPLC-UV analyses showed that 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (25.96 ± 2.08 mg/g dry weight (DW)) was the most abundant phenolic acid in roots, while 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (8.99 ± 0.56 mg/g DW) was the main compound present in leaves. 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid demonstrated stronger radical scavenging activity and reducing power compared with the crude extracts and the positive control 5-caffeoylquinic acid. 3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid revealed the highest antibacterial potential against the penicillin sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, as well as methicillin-resistant S. aureus.. The caffeoylquinic acids content of up to 6.22% in Geigeria alata roots establishes this species as a new source rich in these bioactive molecules. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antioxidants; Caffeic Acids; Chlorogenic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Flavonoids; Geigeria; Mass Spectrometry; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Polyphenols; Quinic Acid

Two "privileged fragments", caffeic acid and piperazine, were integrated into bevirimat producing new derivatives with improved activity against HIV-1/NL4-3 and NL4-3/V370A carrying the most prevalent bevirimat-resistant polymorphism. The activity of one of these, 18c, was increased by 3-fold against NL4-3 and 51-fold against NL4-3/V370A. Moreover, 18c is a maturation inhibitor with improved metabolic stability. Our study suggested that integration of privileged motifs into promising natural product skeletons is an effective strategy for discovering potent derivatives.

Topics: Animals; Anti-HIV Agents; Caffeic Acids; Cell Line; Chlorocebus aethiops; COS Cells; Drug Resistance, Viral; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Piperazine; Piperazines; Succinates; Triterpenes; Virus Replication

Herba Artemisiae Scopariae is a Chinese herbal medicine widely used for the remedy of liver diseases. A high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with diode array detection was developed to simultaneously determine 13 different bioactive compounds in Herba Artemisiae Scopariae (Yin Chen) including chlorogenic acid (1), 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin (2), caffeic acid (3), 4-hydroxyacetophenone (4), scopoletin (5), rutin (6), hyperoside (7), isoquercitrin (8), scoparone (11), 7-methoxycoumarine (12) and quercetin (13). By using four different wavelengths in the HPLC analysis, the developed method was able to determine the bioactive compounds with excellent resolution, precision and recovery. The method was applied to determine the amounts of the bioactive compounds in nine samples from different cultivated regions and harvest seasons in China, and significant variations were revealed. Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant among the analyzed compounds. The samples harvested in the spring contained higher contents of chlorogenic acid than those collected in other seasons. Other phenolic acids as caffeic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 4-hydroxyacetophenone accumulated at much higher amounts in about May to July. The samples analyzed contained a much lower level of the amount of other flavonoids and coumarins as rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin and scoparone.

Topics: Acetophenones; Artemisia; Caffeic Acids; Calibration; China; Chlorogenic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Methanol; Molecular Structure; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Seasons; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Temperature; Time Factors; Water

A method based on capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection has been developed for the determination of luteolin, chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid in the dried flower buds, leaves and stems (three medicinal parts) of Lonicera confusa DC., respectively. The effects of several important factors such as detection potential, the concentration of the running buffer, separation voltage and injection time were investigated to acquire the optimum conditions. The detection electrode was a 300 microm diameter carbon disc electrode at a working potential of + 0.90 V (vs saturated calomel electrode). The four analytes can be well separated within 10 min in a 40 cm-long fused silica capillary at a separation voltage of 12 kV in a 50 mM borate-25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.0). The relationship between peak current and analyte concentration was linear over about 3 orders of magnitude with detection limits (S/N = 3) ranging from 0.35 to 0.52 microM for all analytes. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the monitoring of bioactive constituents in the real plant samples with satisfactory assay results.

Topics: Buffers; Caffeic Acids; Chlorogenic Acid; Electrochemistry; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Flowers; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lonicera; Luteolin; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity

The stability and bioavailability of the major antioxidants in garland (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.), chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 4-succinyl-3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, were investigated together with caffeic acid. These compounds were stable in artificial digestive juice, but more than 90% of them disappeared from plasma within 30 min after intravenous injection into rats. When they were orally administered, only caffeic acid could be detected.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antioxidants; Biological Availability; Caffeic Acids; Chlorogenic Acid; Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium; Drug Stability; Gastric Juice; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Quinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley