imipramine and valproic acid

imipramine has been researched along with valproic acid in 42 studies

Research

Studies (42)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	5 (11.90)	18.7374
1990's	3 (7.14)	18.2507
2000's	17 (40.48)	29.6817
2010's	17 (40.48)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Strassburg, CP; Tukey, RH	1
Topliss, JG; Yoshida, F	1
Chang, TK; Ensom, MH; Kiang, TK	1
Abraham, MH; Acree, WE; Ibrahim, A	1
Andricopulo, AD; Moda, TL; Montanari, CA	1
Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ	1
Ahlin, G; Artursson, P; Bergström, CA; Gustavsson, L; Karlsson, J; Larsson, R; Matsson, P; Norinder, U; Pedersen, JM	1
Chupka, J; El-Kattan, A; Feng, B; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV	1
Barnes, JC; Bradley, P; Day, NC; Fourches, D; Reed, JZ; Tropsha, A	1
Choi, SS; Contrera, JF; Hastings, KL; Kruhlak, NL; Sancilio, LF; Weaver, JL; Willard, JM	1
Glen, RC; Lowe, R; Mitchell, JB	1
Honda, K; Izumi, T; Miyaji, Y; Nakayama, S; Okazaki, O; Okudaira, N; Shiosakai, K; Sugiyama, D; Suzuki, W; Takakusa, H; Watanabe, A	1
Chen, M; Fang, H; Liu, Z; Shi, Q; Tong, W; Vijay, V	1
Atzpodien, EA; Csato, M; Doessegger, L; Fischer, H; Lenz, B; Schmitt, G; Singer, T	1
Artursson, P; Haglund, U; Karlgren, M; Kimoto, E; Lai, Y; Norinder, U; Vildhede, A; Wisniewski, JR	1
Ambroso, JL; Ayrton, AD; Baines, IA; Bloomer, JC; Chen, L; Clarke, SE; Ellens, HM; Harrell, AW; Lovatt, CA; Reese, MJ; Sakatis, MZ; Taylor, MA; Yang, EY	1
Chen, M; Hu, C; Suzuki, A; Thakkar, S; Tong, W; Yu, K	1
Jones, LH; Nadanaciva, S; Rana, P; Will, Y	1
Filipek, B; Gunia-Krzyżak, A; Marona, H; Nitek, W; Pańczyk, K; Pękala, E; Rapacz, A; Słoczyńska, K; Waszkielewicz, AM; Żelaszczyk, D; Żesławska, E	1
Czuczwar, SJ; Gustaw, J; Kleinrok, Z	1
Lustman, LI; Maccario, M	1
Snead, OC	1
Andreeva, NI; Golovina, SM; Mashkovskiĭ, MD	1
Dailey, JW; Jobe, PC	1
Hancock, S; Picker, M; Poling, A; Wallace, S	1
Chattha, AS; Fromm, GH; Glass, JD; Martinez, AJ; Silverman, M	1
Baldessarini, RJ; Castillo, J; Kando, JC; Tohen, M; Zarate, C	1
Bowden, CL; Evans, DL; Gergel, IP; Gyulai, L; Nemeroff, CB; Oakes, R; Pitts, CD; Sachs, GS	1
Du, J; Falke, CS; Gray, NA; Manji, HK; Yuan, P	1
Chen, W; Du, J; Einat, H; Falke, CA; Gray, NA; Manji, HK; Szabo, ST; Yuan, P	1
Girimaji, SC; Jairam, R; Seshadri, SP; Srinath, S	1
De Sarno, P; Eom, TY; Jope, RS; Roh, MS; Roth, KA; Zmijewska, AA	1
D'Aquila, PS; Panin, F; Serra, G	1
Avci, A; Tahiroglu, AY	2
Erhart, F; Huemer, J; Steiner, H	1
Feifel, D; Melendez, G; Shilling, PD	1
Fisar, Z; Hroudová, J; Raboch, J	1
Avissar, S; Golan, M; Schreiber, G	1
Rushlow, WJ; Sutton, LP	1
Gold, PW; Goldstein, SA; Kling, MA; Licinio, J; Michelson, D; Mouro, CM; Pavlatou, MG; Wong, ML	1
Gean, PW; Hsiao, YH; Su, CL; Su, CW	1

Reviews

5 review(s) available for imipramine and valproic acid

Article	Year
Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease. Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, 2000, Volume: 40 Topics: Autoimmunity; Chromosome Mapping; Glucuronides; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Neoplasms; Steroids; Terminology as Topic	2000
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and clinical drug-drug interactions. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2005, Volume: 106, Issue:1 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Induction; Glucuronides; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacogenetics; Polymorphism, Genetic	2005
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans. Drug discovery today, 2016, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Databases, Factual; Drug Labeling; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Risk	2016
The neuropharmacology of epileptic falling spells. Clinical neuropharmacology, 1987, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Brain; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Ethosuximide; Humans; Imipramine; Posture; Valproic Acid	1987
Posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a review of psychopharmacological treatment. Child psychiatry and human development, 2010, Volume: 41, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Antidepressive Agents; Child; Humans; Imipramine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sertraline; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Valproic Acid	2010

Trials

2 trial(s) available for imipramine and valproic acid

Article	Year
Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of imipramine and paroxetine in the treatment of bipolar depression. The American journal of psychiatry, 2001, Volume: 158, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Care; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Bipolar Disorder; Carbamazepine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Imipramine; Lithium; Male; Middle Aged; Paroxetine; Placebos; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Treatment Outcome; Valproic Acid	2001
A prospective 4-5 year follow-up of juvenile onset bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorders, 2004, Volume: 6, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Anticonvulsants; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Carbamazepine; Chlorpromazine; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Haloperidol; Humans; Imipramine; Lithium Carbonate; Male; Phenotype; Prospective Studies; Recovery of Function; Risperidone; Secondary Prevention; Severity of Illness Index; Valproic Acid	2004

Article

Year

Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of imipramine and paroxetine in the treatment of bipolar depression.

The American journal of psychiatry, 2001, Volume: 158, Issue:6

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Care; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Bipolar Disorder; Carbamazepine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Imipramine; Lithium; Male; Middle Aged; Paroxetine; Placebos; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Treatment Outcome; Valproic Acid

2001

A prospective 4-5 year follow-up of juvenile onset bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorders, 2004, Volume: 6, Issue:5

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Anticonvulsants; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Carbamazepine; Chlorpromazine; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Haloperidol; Humans; Imipramine; Lithium Carbonate; Male; Phenotype; Prospective Studies; Recovery of Function; Risperidone; Secondary Prevention; Severity of Illness Index; Valproic Acid

2004

Other Studies

35 other study(ies) available for imipramine and valproic acid

Article	Year
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2000, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13 Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Humans; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacokinetics; Structure-Activity Relationship	2000
Air to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and blood to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and drugs. European journal of medicinal chemistry, 2008, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Air; Animals; Humans; Lung; Organic Chemicals; Probability; Rats; Tissue Distribution; Volatilization	2008
Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2007, Dec-15, Volume: 15, Issue:24 Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Holography; Humans; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacokinetics; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship	2007
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 2008, Volume: 36, Issue:7 Topics: Blood Proteins; Half-Life; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Infusions, Intravenous; Pharmacokinetics; Protein Binding	2008
Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2008, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19 Topics: Cell Line; Computer Simulation; Drug Design; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Liver; Molecular Weight; Organic Cation Transporter 1; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Predictive Value of Tests; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Structure-Activity Relationship	2008
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2009, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15 Topics: Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Kidney; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Molecular Weight	2009
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species. Chemical research in toxicology, 2010, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cluster Analysis; Databases, Factual; Humans; MEDLINE; Mice; Models, Chemical; Molecular Conformation; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship	2010
Development of a phospholipidosis database and predictive quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. Toxicology mechanisms and methods, 2008, Volume: 18, Issue:2-3 Topics:	2008
Predicting phospholipidosis using machine learning. Molecular pharmaceutics, 2010, Oct-04, Volume: 7, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Artificial Intelligence; Databases, Factual; Drug Discovery; Humans; Lipidoses; Models, Biological; Phospholipids; Support Vector Machine	2010
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 2011, Volume: 39, Issue:7 Topics: Glutathione; Pharmacology; Sulfur Radioisotopes	2011
FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury. Drug discovery today, 2011, Volume: 16, Issue:15-16 Topics: Animals; Benchmarking; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Design; Drug Labeling; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Reproducibility of Results; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration	2011
In silico assay for assessing phospholipidosis potential of small druglike molecules: training, validation, and refinement using several data sets. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2012, Jan-12, Volume: 55, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Computer Simulation; Cornea; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Fibroblasts; Lipidoses; Lysosomal Storage Diseases; Models, Molecular; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phospholipids; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thermodynamics	2012
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2012, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10 Topics: Atorvastatin; Biological Transport; Drug Interactions; Estradiol; Estrone; HEK293 Cells; Heptanoic Acids; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; In Vitro Techniques; Least-Squares Analysis; Liver; Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1; Models, Molecular; Multivariate Analysis; Organic Anion Transporters; Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent; Protein Isoforms; Pyrroles; Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 1B3; Structure-Activity Relationship; Transfection	2012
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds. Chemical research in toxicology, 2012, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10 Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Decision Trees; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Glutathione; Humans; Liver; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Protein Binding	2012
Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2016, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Benzbromarone; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Chromans; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Thiazolidinediones; Troglitazone	2016
Structure-anticonvulsant activity studies in the group of (E)-N-cinnamoyl aminoalkanols derivatives monosubstituted in phenyl ring with 4-Cl, 4-CH Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2017, 01-15, Volume: 25, Issue:2 Topics: Amino Alcohols; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Crystallography, X-Ray; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroshock; Mice; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Rats; Seizures; Structure-Activity Relationship	2017
Influence of antidepressant drugs on seizure susceptibility and the anticonvulsant activity of valproate in mice. Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum, 1991, Volume: 34 Topics: Amitriptyline; Animals; Desipramine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroshock; Imipramine; Male; Mice; Seizures; Valproic Acid	1991
Paroxysmal nocturnal dystonia presenting as excessive daytime somnolence. Archives of neurology, 1990, Volume: 47, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Carbamazepine; Diagnosis, Differential; Dystonia; Electroencephalography; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Imipramine; Male; Middle Aged; Phenobarbital; Sleep Stages; Sleep Wake Disorders; Trifluoperazine; Valproic Acid	1990
[Interaction of antidepressants and anticonvulsants in anticonvulsive and anti-reserpine tests]. Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny, 1986, Volume: 101, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents; Carbamazepine; Carbazoles; Convulsants; Drug Interactions; Female; Imipramine; Male; Mice; Reserpine; Semicarbazides; Valproic Acid	1986
Anticonvulsant drugs and the genetically epilepsy-prone rat. Federation proceedings, 1985, Volume: 44, Issue:10 Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Amitriptyline; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Desipramine; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy; Ethosuximide; Imipramine; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Valproic Acid	1985
Discriminative stimulus properties of valproic acid in the pigeon. Psychopharmacology, 1985, Volume: 87, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Columbidae; Dextroamphetamine; Discrimination Learning; Generalization, Psychological; Imipramine; Morphine; Pentylenetetrazole; Valproic Acid	1985
Antiabsence drugs and inhibitory pathways. Neurology, 1980, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cats; Cerebral Ventricles; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Imipramine; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Trimethadione; Valproic Acid	1980
Blood dyscrasias with carbamazepine and valproate: a pharmacoepidemiological study of 2,228 patients at risk. The American journal of psychiatry, 1995, Volume: 152, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia; Carbamazepine; Depressive Disorder; Desipramine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Imipramine; Leukopenia; Male; Middle Aged; Pharmacoepidemiology; Prevalence; Severity of Illness Index; Thrombocytopenia; Valproic Acid	1995
Lithium regulates total and synaptic expression of the AMPA glutamate receptor GluR2 in vitro and in vivo. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2003, Volume: 1003 Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Antimanic Agents; Down-Regulation; Hippocampus; Imipramine; Immunohistochemistry; Lithium; Organ Culture Techniques; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Cell Surface; Synapses; Valproic Acid	2003
Modulation of synaptic plasticity by antimanic agents: the role of AMPA glutamate receptor subunit 1 synaptic expression. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2004, Jul-21, Volume: 24, Issue:29 Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Antimanic Agents; Cells, Cultured; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Gene Expression; Hippocampus; Imipramine; Lithium Carbonate; Male; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Phosphorylation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Synapses; Valproic Acid	2004
Hypoxia activates glycogen synthase kinase-3 in mouse brain in vivo: protection by mood stabilizers and imipramine. Biological psychiatry, 2005, Feb-01, Volume: 57, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Activation; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Hypoxia; Imipramine; Immunoblotting; Immunohistochemistry; Lithium; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nitrogen; Phosphorylation; Serine; Time Factors; Valproic Acid	2005
Chronic valproate fails to prevent imipramine-induced behavioural sensitization to the dopamine D2-like receptor agonist quinpirole. European journal of pharmacology, 2006, Mar-27, Volume: 535, Issue:1-3 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Behavior, Animal; Dopamine Agonists; Imipramine; Male; Motor Activity; Quinpirole; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Valproic Acid	2006
Polypharmacy and EPS in a child; a case report. Psychopharmacology bulletin, 2007, Volume: 40, Issue:2 Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Benztropine; Bipolar Disorder; Child; Comorbidity; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Humans; Imipramine; Injections, Intramuscular; Methylphenidate; Neurologic Examination; Ocular Motility Disorders; Psychotropic Drugs; Valproic Acid	2007
Imipramine, methylphenidate and valproic acid-related EPS in a child: a case report. The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2007, Volume: 10, Issue:5 Topics: Basal Ganglia Diseases; Child; Female; Humans; Imipramine; Methylphenidate; Valproic Acid	2007
Further characterization of the predictive validity of the Brattleboro rat model for antipsychotic efficacy. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Diazepam; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Imipramine; Inhibition, Psychological; Male; Psychotropic Drugs; Rats; Rats, Brattleboro; Reflex, Startle; Schizophrenia; Valproic Acid	2011
Inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity by antidepressants and mood stabilizers. Neuro endocrinology letters, 2010, Volume: 31, Issue:5 Topics: Affect; Amitriptyline; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Antimanic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Cerebral Cortex; Citalopram; Clorgyline; Cocaine; Cyclohexanols; Desipramine; Fluoxetine; Imipramine; In Vitro Techniques; Iproniazid; Lithium; Mianserin; Mirtazapine; Mitochondria; Moclobemide; Monoamine Oxidase; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Morpholines; Olanzapine; Pargyline; Reboxetine; Swine; Thiazepines; Valproic Acid; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride	2010
Antidepressants elevate GDNF expression and release from C₆ glioma cells in a β-arrestin1-dependent, CREB interactive pathway. The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2011, Volume: 14, Issue:10 Topics: Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Antimanic Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Arrestins; beta-Arrestins; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Citalopram; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Desipramine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Glioblastoma; Haloperidol; Imipramine; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Phosphorylation; Rats; RNA Interference; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Signal Transduction; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection; Up-Regulation; Valproic Acid	2011
The effects of neuropsychiatric drugs on glycogen synthase kinase-3 signaling. Neuroscience, 2011, Dec-29, Volume: 199 Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Antimanic Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; beta Catenin; Blotting, Western; Brain; Clozapine; Fluoxetine; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Haloperidol; Imipramine; Immunoprecipitation; Lithium; Male; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; Valproic Acid	2011
Chronic administration of anticonvulsants but not antidepressants impairs bone strength: clinical implications. Translational psychiatry, 2015, Jun-02, Volume: 5 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Carbamazepine; Femur; Fluoxetine; Imipramine; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Valproic Acid; X-Ray Microtomography	2015
Epigenetic regulation of BDNF in the learned helplessness-induced animal model of depression. Journal of psychiatric research, 2016, Volume: 76 Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Butyric Acid; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epigenesis, Genetic; Exons; Helplessness, Learned; Hindlimb Suspension; Hippocampus; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Histone Deacetylases; Imipramine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; RNA, Small Interfering; Swimming; Valproic Acid	2016