hydrogen has been researched along with xylose in 85 studies
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 23 (27.06) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 13 (15.29) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 20 (23.53) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 26 (30.59) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 3 (3.53) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
---|---|
Calloway, D; García Ibáñez, R; Klein, P; Lizarralde, E; Pineda, O; Rosenberg, IH; Schneider, RE; Schoeller, D; Solomons, NW; Viteri, FE | 1 |
Feather, MS; Ramchander, S | 1 |
Geijtenbeek, T; Hoffmann, RA; Kamerling, JP; Vliegenthart, JF | 1 |
Donald, F; Donald, IP; Kitchingmam, G; Kupfer, RM | 1 |
Santavirta, J | 1 |
Cripps, PJ; Gruffydd-Jones, TJ; Harbour, DA; Muir, P; Papassouliotis, K | 1 |
Serianni, AS; Vuorinen, T | 1 |
Bornholdt, C; Kirchhoff, S; Lankisch, PG; Lembcke, B | 1 |
Bouwstra, JB; Kamerling, JP; Kerékgyártó, J; Vliegenthart, JF | 1 |
Barnes, GL; Ford, RP; Hill, DJ | 1 |
Dharmsathaphorn, K; Gertler, SL; Hofmann, AF; Jones, BR; Kelts, DG; Pressman, JH; Steinbach, JH; Stokes, K; Stone, DM; Witztum, KF | 1 |
Levine, JJ; Seidman, E; Walker, WA | 1 |
Buffington, CA; Harrold, D; Strombeck, DR; Washabau, RJ | 1 |
King, CE; Toskes, PP | 3 |
Calloway, DH; Chenoweth, WL | 1 |
Brown, LR; Cook, DW; Tischer, RG | 1 |
Donaldson, RM; Levitt, MD | 1 |
Barnett, JE; Jarvis, WT; Munday, KA | 1 |
Gogotov, IN; Kondratieva, EN | 1 |
Florent, C; Flourie, B; Rambaud, JC | 1 |
Classen, M; Wildgrube, HJ | 1 |
Misra, PC; Srivastava, V | 1 |
Solomons, NW | 1 |
Domschke, W; Ruppin, H | 1 |
Brydon, WG; Eastwood, MA; McKay, LF; Smith, JH | 1 |
Cook, GC | 1 |
Ishikawa, M; Kaneko, M; Nakajima, T; Saiki, Y; Takahashi, T | 1 |
Bracher, V; Huser, S; Steiger, R | 1 |
Carlson, S; Craig, RM | 1 |
Casellas, F; Malagelada, JR | 1 |
Hamamoto, T; Harada, T; Okada, S; Tajiri, H | 1 |
Casellas, F; Chicharro, L; Malagelada, JR | 1 |
Antezana, C; Defilippi, C; Gómez, E | 1 |
Casellas, F; De Torres, I; Malagelada, JR | 1 |
Defilippi, C; Lagos, N; Madrid, AM; Michea, L; Salas, K | 1 |
Kilander, AF; Stotzer, PO | 1 |
Chandramouli, V; Ferrannini, E; Gastaldelli, A; Landau, BR; Pettiti, M; Previs, SF; Schumann, WC | 1 |
Alhambra, C; Gao, J; Garcia-Viloca, M; Truhlar, DG | 1 |
Moya-Camarena, SY; Sotelo, N; Valencia, ME | 1 |
Brandimarte, G; Giorgetti, GM; Tursi, A | 1 |
Budde, MA; Claassen, PA; De Vrije, T; Kádár, Z; Réczey, K; Szengyel, Z | 1 |
Kakizono, T; Marwoto, B; Nakashimada, Y; Nishio, N | 1 |
Alderson, EV; Elliott, DC; Hart, TR; Muzatko, DS; Neuenschwander, GG; Peterson, KL | 1 |
Budde, MA; Claassen, PA; de Vrije, T; Kádár, Z; Réczey, K; Szengyel, Z; van Noorden, GE | 1 |
Adiwidjaja, G; Olbrich, F; Schulze, O; Voss, J | 1 |
Tanaka, T; Taniguchi, M | 1 |
Vanner, SJ; Walters, B | 1 |
Brady, JW; Enderby, JE; Mason, PE; Neilson, GW; Saboungi, ML | 1 |
Judge, RA; Meilleur, F; Myles, DA; Snell, EH; van der Woerd, MJ | 1 |
Damon, M; Judge, RA; Meilleur, F; Myles, DA; Snell, EH; van der Woerd, MJ | 1 |
Moriya, N; Ogino, A; Ohmori, H; Tanaka, Y; Waki, M; Yokoyama, H | 1 |
Chang, JS; Chen, SD; Chen, WM; Hung, CH; Lo, YC | 1 |
Angelidaki, I; Kongjan, P; Min, B | 1 |
Han, SJ; Kim, JP; Kim, MS; Nguyen, TA; Sim, SJ | 1 |
Qiu, J; Ren, N; Xu, J | 1 |
Cao, GL; Feng, YJ; Guo, WQ; Ren, NQ; Wang, AJ; Yao, J; Zhao, QL | 1 |
Brahmaiah, P; Prakasham, RS; Sathish, T | 1 |
Blakeley, MP; Carrell, HL; Fisher, SZ; Forsyth, VT; Glusker, JP; Hanson, L; Katz, AK; Keen, DA; Kovalevsky, AY; Langan, P; Mason, SA; Mustyakimov, M; Wagner, T | 1 |
Cai, Y; Lai, C; Li, S; Wang, J; Wang, X; Yang, S; Yang, X; Zhu, M | 1 |
Eriksen, NT; Holm, NK; Iversen, N; Riis, ML | 1 |
Rådström, P; van Niel, EW; Zeidan, AA | 1 |
Finneran, KT; Morgenroth, E; Ye, X; Zhang, X | 1 |
Almarsdottir, AR; Orlygsson, J; Sigurbjornsdottir, MA | 1 |
Finneran, KT; Morgenroth, E; Ye, X; Zhang, X; Zilles, JL | 1 |
Adams, MW; Chandrayan, S; Chun, Y; Martín del Campo, JS; Myung, S; Patiño, R; Rollin, J; Zhang, YH | 1 |
Bon, EP; da Silva, AS; Endo, T; Ishikawa, K; Kim, HW; Lee, SH; Teixeira, RS | 1 |
He, J; Rajagopalan, G; Yang, KL | 1 |
Dhepe, PL; Tathod, AP | 1 |
Cen, K; Cheng, J; Ding, L; Lin, R; Song, W; Zhou, J | 1 |
Chan, KC; Cheng, HH; Chung, MC; Whang, LM | 1 |
Basu, A; He, J; Li, T; Yan, Y | 1 |
Lai, QH; Liu, ZD; Lu, Y; Wang, TM; Xing, XH; Zhang, C; Zhang, SC | 1 |
Abreu, AA; Alves, MM; Pereira, MA; Tavares, F | 1 |
Carrère, H; Chatellard, L; Trably, E | 1 |
Dessì, P; Lakaniemi, AM; Lens, PNL | 1 |
Cao, MY; Qiao, WC; Song, X; Wang, F; Wang, PT; Wang, S; Yu, L; Yuan, WD; Yue, YR | 1 |
Cheng, Y; Jin, W; Li, Y; Mu, C; Zhu, W | 1 |
Byrne, E; Hatti-Kaul, R; Sayed, M; Soto, LR; van Niel, EWJ; Villanueva, CC | 1 |
Aldeguer, X; Crespo, L; Fernández-Gil, PL; Ferreiro, B; Gaspar, MJ; Hermida, C; Lara, C; Martín, V; Monsalve-Hernando, C; Opio, V; Romero, E; Santander, C; Savescu, T; Torrealba, L | 1 |
Budwill, K; Charchuk, R; Foght, J; Haverkamp, THA; Kublanov, IV; Nesbø, CL; Pollo, SMJ | 1 |
Radeva, G; Todorova, D; Valchev, I; Yavorov, N | 1 |
Jia, Q; Jiang, H; Li, Y; Liu, Z; Zhang, Q | 1 |
Abdullahi, IN; Abramikas, Z; Agliani, G; Ahangar, N; Ahmed, AR; Aidietis, A; Aiying, W; Alabi, A; Álvarez, K; Anderson, L; André, MR; Araújo-Júnior, JX; Arqué, E; Asakereh, A; Audzijoniene, D; Azer, MK; Bacevicius, J; Badaras, I; Bagaev, A; Bailly, C; Bakky, MAH; Baojun, Y; Baran, E; Barbosa, RFS; Barzon, L; Basit, A; Basler, E; Bassi, ÊJ; Basyte-Bacevice, V; Bielak, K; Bileisiene, N; Birczyński, A; Blom, R; Boesen, L; Boucoiran, I; Bouwknegt, M; Brandão, JA; Bravo, F; Brien, MÈ; Bruijning-Verhagen, PCJL; Butkuviene, M; Cai, DC; Cai, X; Camani, PH; Cao, S; Carey, IM; Chakravarthy, C; Chandler, F; Chang, SW; Chen, C; Chen, H; Chen, J; Chen, S; Chen, T; Chen, W; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Chen, YT; Chen, Z; Chou, WC; Choudhary, S; Chu, W; Chung, H; Cilin, W; Coelho, GL; Collet, C; Cools, C; Cooper, A; Corkhill, CL; Cornelis, JT; Costa, CACB; Currie, A; da S Ferreira, G; da Silva, DJ; Dai, Y; Dal Soglio, D; de Bellegarde de Saint Lary, C; de Bruin, E; de Los Ríos, JD; Deenadayalan, B; Del Río, M; Ding, HT; Dong, GH; Dong, K; Dorożyński, P; Drössler, L; Dvinelis, E; Ebrahimi, M; Fan, W; Fan, Z; Feng, Y; Ferreira, RR; Fortunov, RM; Freitas, JD; Gan, J; Gao, J; García-Depraect, O; Ge, Q; Giglia, G; Giguère, F; Girard, S; Godfrey, J; Gokyar, S; Gonçalves, LR; Gong, S; Gouder, T; Graf, C; Grinter, S; Gröne, A; Gudauskas, M; Guo, T; Guo, Y; Guryanova, OA; Hagan, JL; Hamamoto, K; Hansen, AE; Hasnan, NSN; He, X; He, YL; Hessel, V; Heym, M; Hindle, S; Hogan, CA; Hogema, BM; Hu, J; Hu, P; Huang, M; Huang, S; Huang, X; Huang, Y; Hyatt, NC; Jacobson, C; Jakaite, R; Jasiunas, E; Jeffres, MN; Ji, CF; Jia, K; Jia, Z; Jian, T; Jiang, L; Jiang, W; Jiang, X; Jiang, Y; Jiang, Z; Jiao, Y; Jin, JH; Jing, T; Johnson, L; Ju, L; Jukna, E; Juknevicius, V; Jung, J; Kakkar, F; Kalpana, ML; Kamankesh, M; Kan, E; Kan, N; Karuzas, A; Kasbergen, LMR; Kassim, MB; Ke, Z; Kettles, K; Khan, OA; Khattab, M; Khoee, S; Kiel, E; Kik, M; Kiseliute, M; Kline, JP; Koonce, RC; Koopmans, MPG; Korboulewsky, N; Krause, A; Kulinowski, P; Kundelis, R; La, DD; Lai, HT; Lai, Q; Lange, U; Lasheen, ESR; Latorre-Fernandez, J; Lei, M; Lesperance, J; Li, DC; Li, H; Li, HY; Li, JF; Li, K; Li, L; Li, M; Li, N; Li, P; Li, Q; Li, S; Li, T; Li, WN; Li, X; Li, Y; Li, Z; Liang, C; Liang, H; Liang, M; Liao, H; Liao, Y; Liu, C; Liu, H; Liu, K; Liu, X; Liu, XQ; Liu, Y; Löf, M; Long, Z; Lozano, C; Lu, X; Lühken, R; Luo, H; Lv, T; Lyu, CY; Lyu, T; Løgager, V; Ma, C; Ma, H; Ma, SJ; Machado, RZ; Mafakheri, F; Mahawar, K; Maheshkumar, K; Manga, P; Mao, XR; Marciano, JS; Marinskiene, J; Marozas, V; McGlone, ER; Meester, M; Mella, A; Meng, X; Meng, Z; Meulenbroek, CB; Min, QQ; Mohamed, MA; Molina, D; Monti, G; Mortimer, RJG; Mottram, LM; Mpanya, D; Müller, A; Muñoz, R; Muys, B; Myczko, Ł; Møller, JM; Najib, Y; Navarro, M; Nel, S; Neveln, NK; Nguyen, DD; Nguyen, PHT; Ni, S; Niu, Y; Nomie, K; Nordin, NA; Norvell, MR; Nothdurft, A; Okui, MA; Okui, N; Osei, R; Osorio-Tejada, JL; Ouyang, D; Pach, M; Pan, B; Pan, G; Paredes, R; Párraga-Niño, N; Passos, GFS; Patil, RS; Pedro-Botet, ML; Pelletier, F; Petrylaite, M; Pham, KTT; Pilkiene, A; Ponette, Q; Popov, Y; Porter, M; Postovalova, E; Pretzsch, H; Pring, C; Pu, M; Puigoriol, E; Qi, B; Qi, H; Qi, Y; Qiao, T; Qin, S; Qiu, Y; Qiu, Z; Quero, S; Ramsay, M; Rao, J; Rashwan, MA; Rathod, DK; Rebrov, E; Regueira-Marcos, L; Ren, Y; Reynaga, E; Ricco, MH; Rojas, L; Romero, A; Rosa, DS; Ruiz-Peinado, R; Sang, YQ; Sauer, FG; Schmidt-Chanasit, J; Sepúlveda-García, P; Serra-Pladevall, J; Serras-Pujol, M; Shaki, F; Shao, X; Shen, L; Sheng, Z; Shi, R; Shi, YF; Shou, Q; Shu, L; Shuhua, L; Sikkema, RS; Silva-Júnior, EFD; Simon, C; Small, PK; Smith, SM; Sokas, D; Song, Y; Soudeyns, H; Souza, AG; Souza, BG; Staigyte, J; Stankeviciute, G; Stegeman, A; Stennett, MC; Stollberger, R; Sun, SK; Sun, SP; Sun-Waterhouse, D; Sundgren, NC; Sung, E; Sunseri, N; Suryadevara, SS; Tan, X; Tang, Y; Tao, F; Taparauskaite, N; Ten Bosch, Q; Titeux, H; Tobias, TJ; Tomar, S; Torres, C; Tran, DL; Tran, NT; Trudel, MJ; Tsabedze, N; Tumuluru, S; Um, MJ; Van Bui, C; Van den Brand, JMA; van den Broek, J; van der Jeugd, H; van der Klis, FRM; van der Poel, WHM; van Mastrigt, T; Varlamova, A; Venkataraman, G; Venkateswaran, ST; Venugopal, V; Vilamala, A; Vilela, GG; Visser, LG; Wagdargi, SS; Wan Ishak, WNR; Wan, S; Wang, B; Wang, DJ; Wang, H; Wang, J; Wang, JT; Wang, JY; Wang, L; Wang, LM; Wang, S; Wang, W; Wang, X; Wang, XH; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Webster, GD; Wei, C; Wei, T; Welbourn, R; Wells, Q; Wiatrowska, B; Wong, M; Wongsomboon, V; Wu, B; Wu, Q; Wu, S; Wu, T; Wu, Y; Wu, Z; Xiang, P; Xiang, Z; Xiao, D; Xiao, L; Xiao, T; Xie, J; Xie, S; Xie, Z; Xu, B; Xu, D; Xu, H; Xue, XS; Yang, J; Yang, Y; Yao, R; Ye, L; Ye, N; Yin, X; You, L; Yu, H; Yu, J; Yun, T; Yuxuan, H; Zaaijer, HL; Zamani, E; Zang, X; Zarazaga, M; Zarembaite, G; Zaroogian, Z; Zarubin, D; Zeeshan, M; Zeng, H; Zeng, S; Zeng, XW; Zha, J; Zha, Y; Zhang, B; Zhang, C; Zhang, G; Zhang, H; Zhang, J; Zhang, JZ; Zhang, L; Zhang, M; Zhang, R; Zhang, T; Zhang, X; Zhang, XY; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z; Zhao, C; Zhao, P; Zhao, R; Zhao, WP; Zhao, Y; Zhao, Z; Zheng, E; Zheng, F; Zheng, H; Zhou, C; Zhou, D; Zhou, Y; Zhu, AX; Zhu, B; Zhu, J; Zhuang, H | 1 |
4 review(s) available for hydrogen and xylose
Article | Year |
---|---|
[Hydrogen breath tests].
Topics: Breath Tests; Glucose; Humans; Hydrogen; Lactose; Lactulose; Malabsorption Syndromes; Polysaccharides; Sucrose; Xylose | 1984 |
The use of breath tests in the study of malabsorption.
Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Breath Tests; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Radioisotopes; Glucose; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Isomaltose; Lactose Intolerance; Lactulose; Lipid Metabolism; Malabsorption Syndromes; Monosaccharides; Sucrose; Xylose | 1983 |
Breath tests in the diagnosis of small intestine bacterial overgrowth.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Breath Tests; Carbon Dioxide; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glucose; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Xylose | 1984 |
Clarification of interactions among microorganisms and development of co-culture system for production of useful substances.
Topics: Bacteria; Bifidobacterium; Bioreactors; Biotechnology; Carboxylic Acids; Cell Division; Ethanol; Glucose; Hydrogen; Hydroxybutyrates; Industrial Microbiology; Lactobacillus; Methane; Nisin; Oxygen; Pichia; Polyesters; Polysaccharides; Propionibacterium; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Vitamin B 12; Xylose; Yeasts | 2004 |
1 trial(s) available for hydrogen and xylose
Article | Year |
---|---|
Phase IV noninferiority controlled randomized trial to evaluate the impact on diagnostic thinking and patient management and the test-retest reproducibility of the Gaxilose test for hypolactasia diagnosis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Breath Tests; Decision Making; Disaccharides; Female; Humans; Hydrogen; Intention to Treat Analysis; Lactose Intolerance; Male; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Xylose | 2018 |
80 other study(ies) available for hydrogen and xylose
Article | Year |
---|---|
[Use of tests based on the analysis of expired air in nutritional studies].
Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Breath Tests; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carbon Monoxide; Chromatography, Gas; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Gases; Glycocholic Acid; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestinal Absorption; Intestines; Lactose; Methane; Xylose | 1978 |
An intramolecular C-2 leads to C-1 hydrogen transfer during the acid-catalyzed conversion of D-xylose to D-threo-pentulose (D-xylulose).
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Hydrogen; Pentoses; Sulfuric Acids; Xylose; Xylulose | 1977 |
1H-N.m.r. study of enzymically generated wheat-endosperm arabinoxylan oligosaccharides: structures of hepta- to tetradeca-saccharides containing two or three branched xylose residues.
Topics: Arabinose; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbohydrate Sequence; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Glycoside Hydrolases; Hydrogen; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Structural; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligosaccharides; Seeds; Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment; Triticum; Xylan Endo-1,3-beta-Xylosidase; Xylose | 1992 |
The diagnosis of small bowel bacterial overgrowth in elderly patients.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriological Techniques; Blood Chemical Analysis; Breath Tests; Colony Count, Microbial; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; England; Female; Glycocholic Acid; Hospitals, University; Humans; Hydrogen; Inhalation; Intestinal Diseases; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Prospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Xylose | 1992 |
Lactulose hydrogen and [14C]xylose breath tests in patients with ileoanal anastomosis.
Topics: Adult; Anal Canal; Anastomosis, Surgical; Bacteria; Breath Tests; Carbon Radioisotopes; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colony Count, Microbial; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Hydrogen; Ileostomy; Ileum; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Proctocolectomy, Restorative; Rectum; Time Factors; Xylose | 1991 |
Evaluation of carbohydrate malassimilation and intestinal transit time in cats by measurement of breath hydrogen excretion.
Topics: Animals; Breath Tests; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dietary Carbohydrates; Female; Hydrogen; Intestinal Absorption; Intestines; Lactulose; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Regression Analysis; Xylose | 1991 |
13C-substituted pentos-2-uloses: synthesis and analysis by 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy.
Topics: Arabinose; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography, Gas; Hydrogen; Ketoses; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Xylose | 1990 |
Clinical evaluation of a 25 g D-xylose hydrogen (H2) breath test.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Chronic Disease; Colonic Diseases, Functional; Digestive System Diseases; Female; Humans; Hydrogen; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatitis; Xylose | 1990 |
1H- and 13C-n.m.r. assignments for structural elements of xylose-containing N-linked oligosaccharides, using 1D-and 2D-n.m.r. experiments.
Topics: Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbohydrate Sequence; Carbon Isotopes; Hydrogen; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligosaccharides; Xylose | 1989 |
Gastrointestinal hypersensitivity to cow's milk protein: the diagnostic value of gut function tests.
Topics: beta-Galactosidase; Biopsy; Breath Tests; Child, Preschool; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Hydrogen; Infant; Intestine, Small; Malabsorption Syndromes; Milk Proteins; Xylose | 1986 |
Limitations of indirect methods of estimating small bowel transit in man.
Topics: Antidiarrheals; Blood Glucose; Breath Tests; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Radioisotopes; Clonidine; Codeine; Colon; Disaccharides; Duodenum; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Methods; Xylose | 1987 |
Screening tests for enteropathy in children.
Topics: Adolescent; Biopsy; Breath Tests; Child; Child, Preschool; Fats; Feces; Female; Humans; Hydrogen; Infant; Intestinal Absorption; Jejunum; Lactose; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Xylose | 1987 |
Use of pulmonary hydrogen gas excretion to detect carbohydrate malabsorption in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Chronic Disease; Diarrhea; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency; Female; Hydrogen; Intestinal Diseases; Intestine, Small; Lung; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Pancreatin; Xylose | 1986 |
Comparison of the 1-gram [14C]xylose, 10-gram lactulose-H2, and 80-gram glucose-H2 breath tests in patients with small intestine bacterial overgrowth.
Topics: Bacteria; Blind Loop Syndrome; Breath Tests; Carbon Radioisotopes; Glucose; Humans; Hydrogen; Jejunum; Lactulose; Xylose | 1986 |
Utilization of nutrients in milk- and wheat-based diets by men with adequate and reduced abilities to absorb lactose. I. Energy and nitrogen.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Basal Metabolism; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Carbon Dioxide; Creatinine; Defecation; Diet; Feces; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestines; Lactose Intolerance; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Methane; Milk; Nitrogen; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Respiration; Triticum; Xylose | 1973 |
Carbohydrate metabolism in Hydrogenomonas eutropha.
Topics: Air; Arabinose; Carbon; Culture Media; Fructose; Glucose; Hydrogen; Pseudomonas; Ribose; Xylose | 1967 |
Use of respiratory hydrogen (H2) excretion to detect carbohydrate malabsorption.
Topics: Adult; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Female; Humans; Hydrogen; Indicators and Reagents; Intestinal Absorption; Lactose Intolerance; Male; Respiration; Xylose | 1970 |
Structural requirements for active intestinal sugar transport. The involvement of hydrogen bonds at C-1 and C-6 of the sugar.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cricetinae; Galactose; Glycosides; Hexoses; Hydrogen; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Kinetics; Mannose; Rats; Sodium; Stereoisomerism; Xylose | 1968 |
Production of hydrogen by green photosynthetic bacteria (Chloropseudomonas).
Topics: Bacteria; Carbon Dioxide; Formates; Glucose; Hydrogen; Ketoglutaric Acids; Pyruvates; Xylose | 1969 |
[Hydrogen (H2) breath tests in the diagnosis of small intestine diseases].
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Breath Tests; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Diseases; Intestine, Small; Lactose Intolerance; Lactulose; Male; Stereoisomerism; Xylose | 1983 |
Effect of endosulfan on plasma membrane function of the yeast Rhodotorula gracilis.
Topics: Cell Membrane; Endosulfan; Hydrogen; Lipid Metabolism; Mitosporic Fungi; Oxygen Consumption; Rhodotorula; Temperature; Xylose | 1981 |
The hydrogen breath test and gastrointestinal disorders.
Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Child, Preschool; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Hydrogen; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intestine, Small; Lactose Intolerance; Malabsorption Syndromes; Sucrose; Xylose | 1981 |
[Chronic diarrhea. New aspects of diagnosis and therapy].
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Breath Tests; Charcoal; Cholestyramine Resin; Chronic Disease; Diarrhea; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hydrogen; Lactose Tolerance Test; Malabsorption Syndromes; Pancreatic Juice; Xylose | 1981 |
The influence of pentose on breath methane.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arabinose; Breath Tests; Dietary Carbohydrates; Female; Humans; Hydrogen; Kinetics; Lignin; Male; Methane; Middle Aged; Pentoses; Xylose | 1981 |
Breath hydrogen after oral xylose in tropical malabsorption.
Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Female; Humans; Hydrogen; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Sprue, Tropical; Xylose | 1980 |
[Breath hydrogen measurement by our apparatus with a closed system after administration of D-xylose (author's transl)].
Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Humans; Hydrogen; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Xylose | 1980 |
[Preliminary results using a combined xylose absorption/hydrogen exhalation test in horses].
Topics: Animals; Breath Tests; Chronic Disease; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Horse Diseases; Horses; Hydrogen; Intestinal Absorption; Xylose | 1995 |
D-xylose hydrogen breath tests compared to absorption kinetics in human patients with and without malabsorption.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biopsy; Breath Tests; Diarrhea; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Duodenum; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestinal Absorption; Malabsorption Syndromes; Time Factors; Xylose | 1995 |
Clinical applicability of shortened D-xylose breath test for diagnosis of intestinal malabsorption.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Breath Tests; Colonic Diseases, Functional; Female; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestinal Absorption; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity; Time Factors; Xylose | 1994 |
Fructose malabsorption in a child with chronic diarrhea.
Topics: Absorption; Biopsy; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Diarrhea; Fructose; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestine, Small; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Sucrose; Xylose | 1994 |
Potential usefulness of hydrogen breath test with D-xylose in clinical management of intestinal malabsorption.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Breath Tests; Colonic Diseases, Functional; Female; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Middle Aged; Time Factors; Xylose | 1993 |
[Effect of casein on D-xylose absorption assessed by H2 breath test].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Calorimetry, Indirect; Caseins; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Gastrointestinal Transit; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Male; Xylose | 1995 |
Follow-up of celiac disease with D-xylose breath test.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Female; Humans; Hydrogen; Male; Middle Aged; Xylose | 1996 |
Effect of casein-derived peptides on D-xylose absorption assessed by H2 breath test in normal volunteers.
Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Caseins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Reference Values; Xylose | 2000 |
Comparison of the 1-gram (14)C-D-xylose breath test and the 50-gram hydrogen glucose breath test for diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Breath Tests; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Radioisotopes; Female; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestine, Small; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; ROC Curve; Sensitivity and Specificity; Statistics, Nonparametric; Xylose | 2000 |
Determination of the enrichment of the hydrogen bound to carbon 5 of glucose on 2H2O administration.
Topics: Carbon; Deuterium; Formaldehyde; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Hydrogen; Methenamine; Water; Xylose | 2001 |
Quantum dynamics of hydride transfer catalyzed by bimetallic electrophilic catalysis: synchronous motion of Mg(2+) and H(-) in xylose isomerase.
Topics: Aldose-Ketose Isomerases; Catalysis; Computer Simulation; Hydrogen; Kinetics; Magnesium; Quantum Theory; Xylose | 2002 |
Effects of asymptomatic Giardia intestinalis infection on carbohydrate absorption in well-nourished Mexican children.
Topics: Animals; Breath Tests; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Giardia lamblia; Giardiasis; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestinal Absorption; Lactose; Male; Mexico; Nutritional Status; Xylose | 2002 |
H2 breath tests for the diagnosis of celiac disease.
Topics: Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Humans; Hydrogen; Sorbitol; Xylose | 2002 |
Hydrogen production from paper sludge hydrolysate.
Topics: Bacteria; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Culture Media; Glucose; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods; Hydrogen; Hydrolysis; Industrial Waste; Paper; Sewage; Trace Elements; Xylose; Yeasts | 2003 |
Metabolic analysis of acetate accumulation during xylose consumption by Paenibacillus polymyxa.
Topics: Acetate Kinase; Acetates; Acetoin; Aldehyde-Lyases; Bacillus; Biomass; Butylene Glycols; Carbon Dioxide; Culture Media; Ethanol; Fermentation; Formates; Glucose; Glycolysis; Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria; Hydrogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Pentose Phosphate Pathway; Succinic Acid; Xylose | 2004 |
Effects of trace contaminants on catalytic processing of biomass-derived feedstocks.
Topics: Animal Feed; Biomass; Bioreactors; Biotechnology; Calcium; Carbohydrates; Catalysis; Glucose; Hydrogen; Hydrolysis; Ions; Manure; Peptones; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Temperature; Time Factors; Xylose | 2004 |
Yields from glucose, xylose, and paper sludge hydrolysate during hydrogen production by the extreme thermophile Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus.
Topics: Bacteria; Bioreactors; Carbohydrates; Carbon; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fermentation; Glucose; Hydrogen; Industrial Waste; Models, Chemical; Paper; Temperature; Time Factors; Xylose | 2004 |
The thio-Mitsunobu reaction: a useful tool for the preparation of 2,5-anhydro-2-thio- and 3,5-anhydro-3-thiopentofuranosides.
Topics: Acetates; Arabinose; Bicarbonates; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Crystallography, X-Ray; Furans; Hydrogen; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Chemical; Models, Molecular; Selenic Acid; Selenium Compounds; Sodium; X-Ray Diffraction; Xylose | 2004 |
Detection of bacterial overgrowth in IBS using the lactulose H2 breath test: comparison with 14C-D-xylose and healthy controls.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Breath Tests; Carbon Radioisotopes; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Hydrogen; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Xylose | 2005 |
Neutron diffraction and computer simulation studies of D-xylose.
Topics: Carbohydrate Conformation; Computer Simulation; Hydrogen; Neutrons; Xylose | 2005 |
A quasi-Laue neutron crystallographic study of D-xylose isomerase.
Topics: Aldose-Ketose Isomerases; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Crystallography, X-Ray; Hydrogen; Models, Chemical; Neutron Diffraction; Neutrons; Protein Binding; Streptomyces; Xylose | 2006 |
Optimizing crystal volume for neutron diffraction: D-xylose isomerase.
Topics: Aldose-Ketose Isomerases; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Crystallization; Hydrogen; Models, Chemical; Neutron Diffraction; Neutrons; Protein Binding; Streptomyces; Xylose | 2006 |
Community analysis of hydrogen-producing extreme thermophilic anaerobic microflora enriched from cow manure with five substrates.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Cattle; Cellobiose; Clostridium thermocellum; Ecosystem; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glucose; Hydrogen; Lactose; Manure; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Starch; Temperature; Thermoanaerobacterium; Xylose | 2007 |
Dark H2 fermentation from sucrose and xylose using H2-producing indigenous bacteria: feasibility and kinetic studies.
Topics: Base Sequence; Bioreactors; Clostridium; DNA, Bacterial; Feasibility Studies; Fermentation; Hydrogen; Kinetics; Klebsiella; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sucrose; Xylose | 2008 |
Biohydrogen production from xylose at extreme thermophilic temperatures (70 degrees C) by mixed culture fermentation.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Bacteria; Bioreactors; Fermentation; Hydrogen; Kinetics; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Nitrogen; Oxygen; Temperature; Xylose | 2009 |
Hydrogen production of the hyperthermophilic eubacterium, Thermotoga neapolitana under N2 sparging condition.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Bioreactors; Carbon; Fermentation; Glucose; Hydrogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nitrogen; Substrate Specificity; Temperature; Thermotoga neapolitana; Xylose | 2010 |
[Effect of initial substrate concentrations and pH on hydrogen production from xylose with Clostridium butyricum T4].
Topics: Clostridium butyricum; Culture Media; Fermentation; Hydrogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Substrate Specificity; Xylose | 2009 |
Statistical optimization of culture condition for enhanced hydrogen production by Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum W16.
Topics: Biotechnology; Buffers; Cells, Cultured; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Culture Media; Energy-Generating Resources; Fermentation; Hydrogen; Industrial Microbiology; Kinetics; Models, Statistical; Phosphates; Thermoanaerobacterium; Xylose; Yeasts | 2010 |
Biohydrogen production process optimization using anaerobic mixed consortia: a prelude study for use of agro-industrial material hydrolysate as substrate.
Topics: Agriculture; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biofuels; Biotechnology; Carbon; Fermentation; Glucose; Hydrogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lignin; Time Factors; Xylose | 2010 |
Metal ion roles and the movement of hydrogen during reaction catalyzed by D-xylose isomerase: a joint x-ray and neutron diffraction study.
Topics: Aldose-Ketose Isomerases; Catalysis; Glucose; Hydrogen; Ions; Joints; Metals; Neutron Diffraction; Neutrons; Protons; X-Rays; Xylose | 2010 |
High efficiency hydrogen production from glucose/xylose by the ldh-deleted Thermoanaerobacterium strain.
Topics: Biofuels; Gene Deletion; Gene Silencing; Genetic Enhancement; Glucose; Hydrogen; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Thermoanaerobacterium; Xylose | 2010 |
H(2) synthesis from pentoses and biomass in Thermotoga spp.
Topics: Arabinose; Biomass; Glucose; Glycerol; Hydrogen; Pentoses; Thermotoga maritima; Thermotoga neapolitana; Xylose | 2011 |
Stable coexistence of two Caldicellulosiruptor species in a de novo constructed hydrogen-producing co-culture.
Topics: Algorithms; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Biomass; Bioreactors; Chromatography, Gas; Ecosystem; Fermentation; Glucose; Hydrogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Biological; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Species Specificity; Temperature; Xylose | 2010 |
Anthrahydroquinone-2,6,-disulfonate (AH2QDS) increases hydrogen molar yield and xylose utilization in growing cultures of Clostridium beijerinckii.
Topics: Acetates; Anthraquinones; Butyrates; Clostridium beijerinckii; Fermentation; Hydrogen; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Xylose | 2011 |
Effect of various factors on ethanol yields from lignocellulosic biomass by Thermoanaerobacterium AK₁₇.
Topics: Acetates; Biomass; Biotransformation; Cannabis; Carbon Dioxide; Ethanol; Glucose; Hydrogen; Lignin; Paper; Poaceae; Thermoanaerobacterium; Triticum; Xylose | 2012 |
Interactions between Clostridium beijerinckii and Geobacter metallireducens in co-culture fermentation with anthrahydroquinone-2, 6-disulfonate (AH2QDS) for enhanced biohydrogen production from xylose.
Topics: Acetates; Anthracenes; Biofuels; Clostridium beijerinckii; Coculture Techniques; Fermentation; Geobacter; Hydrogen; Industrial Microbiology; Microbial Interactions; Models, Biological; Sulfonic Acids; Xylose | 2013 |
High-yield production of dihydrogen from xylose by using a synthetic enzyme cascade in a cell-free system.
Topics: Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; Aldose-Ketose Isomerases; Biocatalysis; Cell-Free System; Enzymes, Immobilized; Hydrogen; Hydrogenase; Xylose | 2013 |
Use of cellobiohydrolase-free cellulase blends for the hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose and sugarcane bagasse pretreated by either ball milling or ionic liquid [Emim][Ac].
Topics: Biotechnology; Cellulase; Cellulose; Cellulose 1,4-beta-Cellobiosidase; Crystallization; Glucose; Hydrolysis; Imidazoles; Ionic Liquids; Pyrococcus; Saccharum; Time Factors; Xylose | 2013 |
Direct fermentation of xylan by Clostridium strain BOH3 for the production of butanol and hydrogen using optimized culture medium.
Topics: 1-Butanol; Analysis of Variance; Clostridium; Culture Media; Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases; Fermentation; Hydrogen; Regression Analysis; Xylans; Xylose | 2014 |
Efficient method for the conversion of agricultural waste into sugar alcohols over supported bimetallic catalysts.
Topics: Agriculture; Alcohols; Arabinose; Bioreactors; Biotechnology; Carbon; Catalysis; Fructose; Galactans; Galactitol; Galactose; Glucose; Hydrogen; Inulin; Mannitol; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Platinum; Sorbitol; Sugar Alcohols; Temperature; Tin; Triticum; Waste Products; X-Ray Diffraction; Xylans; Xylitol; Xylose | 2015 |
Sodium borohydride removes aldehyde inhibitors for enhancing biohydrogen fermentation.
Topics: Benzaldehydes; Biofuels; Borohydrides; Fermentation; Furaldehyde; Glucose; Hydrogen; NAD; Xylose | 2015 |
Biological hydrogen and methane production from bagasse bioethanol fermentation residues using a two-stage bioprocess.
Topics: Acetates; Biofuels; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Bioreactors; Biotechnology; Butyrates; Carboxylic Acids; Cellulose; Ethanol; Fermentation; Hydrogen; Methane; Wastewater; Xylose | 2016 |
Direct conversion of xylan to butanol by a wild-type Clostridium species strain G117.
Topics: Acetone; Biofuels; Butanols; Clostridium; Hydrogen; Lignin; Soil Microbiology; Xylans; Xylose | 2016 |
Enhanced biohydrogen production from corn stover by the combination of Clostridium cellulolyticum and hydrogen fermentation bacteria.
Topics: Biomass; Cellulose; Citrobacter; Clostridium cellulolyticum; Coculture Techniques; Fermentation; Formates; Glucose; Hydrogen; Hydrolysis; Steam; Xylose; Zea mays | 2016 |
Boosting dark fermentation with co-cultures of extreme thermophiles for biohythane production from garden waste.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Biofuels; Biomass; Cellobiose; Clostridiales; Extremophiles; Fermentation; Gardens; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen; Methane; Thermotoga maritima; Waste Products; Xylose | 2016 |
The type of carbohydrates specifically selects microbial community structures and fermentation patterns.
Topics: Arabinose; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbohydrates; Cellobiose; Cellulose; Fermentation; Glucose; Hexoses; Hydrogen; Hydrolysis; Microbial Consortia; Pentoses; Triticum; Xylose | 2016 |
Biohydrogen production from xylose by fresh and digested activated sludge at 37, 55 and 70 °C.
Topics: Bioreactors; Fermentation; Hydrogen; Sewage; Xylose | 2017 |
Simultaneous Decolorization and Biohydrogen Production from Xylose by Klebsiella oxytoca GS-4-08 in the Presence of Azo Dyes with Sulfonate and Carboxyl Groups.
Topics: Alkanesulfonates; Azo Compounds; Biodegradation, Environmental; Coloring Agents; Fermentation; Hydrogen; Kinetics; Klebsiella oxytoca; Wastewater; Xylose | 2017 |
Indigenously associated methanogens intensified the metabolism in hydrogenosomes of anaerobic fungi with xylose as substrate.
Topics: Acetates; Anaerobiosis; Carbon Dioxide; Coculture Techniques; Culture Media; Ethanol; Fermentation; Formates; Fungi; Hydrogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Malates; Methane; Methanobrevibacter; Piromyces; Xylose | 2017 |
Hydrogen and polyhydroxybutyrate production from wheat straw hydrolysate using Caldicellulosiruptor species and Ralstonia eutropha in a coupled process.
Topics: Cupriavidus necator; Firmicutes; Glucose; Hydrogen; Hydrolysis; Hydroxybutyrates; Triticum; Xylose | 2019 |
Genomic analysis of the mesophilic Thermotogae genus Mesotoga reveals phylogeographic structure and genomic determinants of its distinct metabolism.
Topics: Acetates; Anaerobiosis; Bacteria; Ecosystem; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Hydrogen; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors; Phylogeny; Phylogeography; Pyruvate Synthase; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Thiosulfates; Xylose | 2019 |
Kinetic investigation of dilute acid hydrolysis of hardwood pulp for microcrystalline cellulose production.
Topics: Cellulose; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glucose; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Sulfuric Acids; Wood; Xylose | 2020 |
Genome mining discovery of hydrogen production pathway of Klebsiella sp. WL1316 fermenting cotton stalk hydrolysate.
Topics: Fermentation; Glucose; Hydrogen; Klebsiella; Xylose | 2022 |
Effect of 12-week of aerobic exercise on hormones and lipid profile status in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: A study during COVID-19.
Topics: Acrylamides; Actins; Adult; African People; Air Pollutants; Alanine Transaminase; Androgens; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Bispecific; Antiviral Agents; Arteries; Bioelectric Energy Sources; Bioreactors; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Tetrachloride; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Charcoal; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chikungunya Fever; Chikungunya virus; Chitosan; Chlorocebus aethiops; Claudins; Contrast Media; Cynodon; Cytokines; Desmin; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Echo-Planar Imaging; Ecosystem; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Escherichia coli; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Female; Fermentation; Filtration; Food; Gadolinium; Galactose; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic; Gracilaria; Heart Failure; HeLa Cells; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Hepatic Stellate Cells; Hepatitis B e Antigens; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Hepatocytes; HIV; HIV Infections; Humans; Hydrogen; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxy Acids; Hydroxyl Radical; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Immunity; Inflammation; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-33; Interleukin-4; Keratin-18; Kinetics; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lipidomics; Lipids; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Microalgae; Middle Aged; Mutation; Nanoparticles; Nitrogen; Nuclear Proteins; Oxidation-Reduction; Particulate Matter; Phylogeny; Phytoplankton; Placenta; Polysaccharides; Polystyrenes; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Prognosis; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; Prospective Studies; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rain; Receptors, Immunologic; Recombinant Proteins; Refuse Disposal; Reproducibility of Results; Restaurants; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Sand; Seawater; Sheep; Sheep, Domestic; Sodium Hydroxide; Spin Labels; Stomach Neoplasms; Stroke Volume; Sulfates; Tensile Strength; Th1 Cells; Th17 Cells; Th2 Cells; Transcriptome; Tumor Microenvironment; Ultraviolet Rays; Ventricular Function, Left; Vero Cells; Virus Replication; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Wastewater; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification; Water Supply; Wetlands; Xylitol; Xylose | 2023 |