hinesol and beta-eudesmol

Atractylodes lancea De Candolle is a medicinal plant distributed in East Asia. Its rhizome has been used as an important crude drug in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicines for the treatment of numerous diseases and disorders. In recent years, the demand for mass production of the crude drug with a stable quality has increased. Its major active compounds are sesquiterpenoids, such as β-eudesmol and hinesol that have closely related chemical structures with each other. As the criteria for evaluating the quality of A. lancea, the β-eudesmol/hinesol content ratio is considered important. In A. lancea, the ratio could be considered to be influenced by genetic factors, geographical environment factors and these interactions. Few studies of a detail genetic analyses for β-eudesmol/hinesol content ratio have been reported. Therefore, we evaluated the heritability and genotype-environment interaction on the β-eudesmol/hinesol content ratio in A. lancea using clonal lines propagated with division of rhizome.. The heritability of the β-eudesmol/hinesol content ratio in A. lancea was evaluated through the cultivation of clonal lines of A. lancea in both different years (2016, 2017) and locations (Hokkaido, Ibaraki). Correlations between β-eudesmol and hinesol contents were identified in all clonal lines, with high correlation coefficients (r = 0.73-0.99). The broad-sense heritability of the β-eudesmol/hinesol content ratio was revealed to be high at 0.92. The effects of cultivation year were smaller than that of genotype, and few genotype-environment interactions were observed. In addition, the influence of cultivation location was also smaller than that of genotype, and the correlation between the two cultivation locations on the β-eudesmol/hinesol content ratio was high. The results suggested that the β-eudesmol/hinesol content ratio in A. lancea is highly dependent on genetic factors.. We demonstrate that the heritability of β-eudesmol/hinesol content ratio is high and that the effects of genetic factors were stronger than that of environmental factors such as cultivation location and year. Our findings suggested that selective breeding and clonal propagation are effective strategies for the production of A. lancea with stable qualities for use in the production of crude drugs.

Topics: Atractylodes; Plants, Medicinal; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane; Spiro Compounds

To investigate the effects of different amounts of lime on yield and quality of Atractylodes lancea, and to provide reference for the herb growing site soil improvement and self-poisoning ease.. Add different gradients of lime, and then measure their growth targets, yield and four kinds of volatile constituents content(hinesol, atractylone, β-eudesmol and atractylodin). Volatile constituents yield per plant was calculated.. Adding 160 g/m2 lime had a significant role in promoting the growth and yield of herb; Adding 80 g/m2 lime was conducive to the volatile constituents production, and adding lime decreased the atractylone and atractylodin content, while increased the hinesol and β-eudesmol content; Adding 160 g/m2 lime promoted the volatile constituents yield per plant.. Adding lime plays a role of neutralize soil pH, antibacteria and prevention incognita, and has a certain degree of ease autotoxicity and obstacle,and then promotes the yield and volatile constituents production of Atractylodes lancea.

Topics: Atractylodes; Calcium Compounds; Furans; Oils, Volatile; Oxides; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Seedlings; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane; Spiro Compounds

To develop a GC method for simultaneous determination of 4 compounds (atractylone, hinesol, beta-eudesmol and atractylodin) in Atractylodes lancea.. A HP-1 capillary column (0.25 mm x 30 m, 0.25 microm) was used. The detector was FID:Inlet temperature was 250 degrees C. The detector temperature was 250 degrees C. The column temperature was set at 145 degrees C and held for 25 min after injection, then programmed at 10 degrees C x min(-1) to 250 degrees C and held for 10 min at the temperature. The carrying gas was nitrogen, split ratio was 40:1. Injection volume was 2 microL, Cluster analysis was performed by SPSS13.0 software.. The linear ranges for atractylone, hinesol, beta-eudesmol and atractylodin were 0.0122. 32 (r = .9998), 0.008-1.68 (r = 0.9998), 0.009-1.76 (r = 0.9999), 0.016-3.20 g x L(-1) (r = 0.9997), respectively. The average recoveries (n = 3) of atractylone, hinesol, beta-eudesmol and atractylodin were 98.0%-99.0%, 97.7%-99.4%, 98.4%-99.2%, 97.8%-99.7%, respectively. The samples analyzed were divided into two classes.. This method is simple, specific, repeatable and stable. It can be applied for the simultaneous determination of 4 compounds (atractylone, hinesol, beta-eudesmol and atractylodin) in A. lancea, which will provide the basis for the quality control of A. lancea. The contents of 4 active compounds were significantly different between geo-authentic and non-authentic producing areas.

Topics: Atractylodes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cluster Analysis; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Furans; Plant Extracts; Plant Oils; Quality Control; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane; Spiro Compounds

To study the fingerprint of the volatile oil of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., and to offer the characteristic data for the quality evaluation, GC-MS analysis was performed for 17 samples of different areas used as Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. Nine kinds of same components were selected. TIC profiles were evaluated by "Computer Aided Similarity Calculation". The characteristic peaks in chromatograms were identified by comparing mass data with literatures. Hierarchical clustering analysis was performed by SPSS based on the relative peak area (RPA) of identified peak to atractydin in 17 samples. The mutual mode fingerprint plots of genuine Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. have been established, the matching of active components was characteristic that atractylon, hinesol, beta-eudesmol, atractydin as (0.89 - 1.12): (0.11 - 0.15) : (0.48 - 0.61) : 1. The difference of resemblance of not genuine samples with genuine samples was remarkable. Two categorizations were clustered. Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. from genuine and Tangshan and Nanshan, Jiangsu Prov. were in a group, while those from Anhui and Hubei Prov. were in another group. The characteristic fingerprint of genuine Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. combined with the study of the matching of active components for the quality control and the resemblance calculation of fingerprints and SPSS hierarchical clustering analysis provided a new analytic method for the quality evaluation and discrimination of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.

Topics: Atractylodes; Cluster Analysis; Ecosystem; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils; Plants, Medicinal; Quality Control; Rhizome; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane; Spiro Compounds

The chemical constituents in essential oil of wild Atractylodes lancea (Thumb.) DC. from Dabie Mountains were studied. The essential oil was extracted by simultaneous distillation and extraction equipment and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. 49 compounds were identified and they represent 92.49% of the total peak aeras. The extraction method and solvent selection of the essential oil were studied. The oil yields and major constituents from Atractylodes lancea (Thumb.) DC. from Dabie Mountains were contrasted to that had been reported. The results showed that Atractylodes lancea (Thumb.) DC. from Dabie Mountains had more essential oil (10.14%) and there were more constituents in it. The main constituents in the essential oil were hinesol, beta-eudesmol, 1H-cyclopropa (a) naphthalene, 1a,2,3,5,6,7,7a,7b-octaphdro-1,1,7,7a-tetramethyl-, [1aR-(1a. alpha, 7. alpha, 7a. alpha,7b. alpha-)] -and gamma-eudesmol. Both the major constituents and contents were different from that had been reported.

Topics: Alkanes; Atractylodes; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Structure; Oils, Volatile; Plants, Medicinal; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane; Spiro Compounds

To find the chemical diversity and characteristics of A. lancea on two levels--individuals and populations, and to discover the chemical essentials for forming geoherbs.. 47 rhizomes of A. lancea were collected in 7 populations, and 6 naphtha components (1. elemol, 2. hinesol, 3. beta-eudesmol, 4. atractylone, 5. atractylodin, 6. atractylenolid I) in the rhizomes were determined by GC-MS combination. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis were carried out by SPSS.. Cluster Analysis of the 6 main components indicated that the chemical components of geoherbs were different from those of the non-geonerbs of A. lancea. Other analysis showed as follows: 1. The general oil of geoberbs were lower than that of non-geoherbs(P < 0.01), but components yielding more than 1% (% of the total oil) were more than non-geoherbs(P < 0.01); 2. Hinesol mixing beta-eudesmol was more in non-geoherbs, which atractylodin mixing atractylone was more in geoherbs(P < 0.001); 3. Principal Component Analysis implied that atractylone was the most important component to discriminate geoherbs and non-geoherbs of A. Lancea.. The naphtha composing characteristics of geoherbs was the special proportionment sale, viz. atractylone: hinesol: beta-eudesmol: atractylodin being(0.70~2.00):(0.04~0.35):(0.09~0.40):1.

Topics: Atractylodes; Ecosystem; Furans; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Oils, Volatile; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane; Spiro Compounds; Terpenes

To analyze the constituents from the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea and A. chinensis in essential oils.. GC-MS method was used.. 32 and 29 compounds were identified respectively.. The main constituents in the essential oils from the rhizome of A. chinensis are beta-eudesmol or a mixture of beta-eudesmol and atractylone, whereas from that of A. lancea are hinesol, a mixture of beta-eudesmol and atractylone, and atractylone.

Topics: Atractylodes; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Oils, Volatile; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane; Spiro Compounds; Terpenes

Total DNAs were prepared from the leaves of Atractylodes lancea DE CANDOLLE, A. chinensis KOIDZUMI, A. lancea var. simplicifolia KITAMURA, A. japonica KOIDZUMI ex KITAMURA and A. ovata DE CANDOLLE. The DNAs were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Some primers showed the definitive polymorphic DNA patterns in A. lancea, A. japonica and A. ovata. The RAPD of A. lancea var. simplicifolia and one of A. chinensis gave similar patterns to those of A. lancea, but one of the other A. chinensis gave a similar pattern to A. japonica. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of atractylon, hinesol, beta-eudesmol and atractylodin in the rhizomes was done using gas chromatography. Though atractylon was detected not only in A. japonica and A. ovata but also in some of A. lancea, their RAPD profiles revealed the presence of intraspecific variation with A. lancea.

Topics: Chromatography, Gas; DNA, Plant; Furans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Oils, Volatile; Plant Extracts; Plant Oils; Plants, Medicinal; Polymorphism, Genetic; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane; Spiro Compounds; Terpenes

Topics: Animals; Charcoal; Gastrointestinal Motility; Japan; Male; Metoclopramide; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane; Spiro Compounds; Terpenes