hemicholinium 3 has been researched along with choline in 408 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 259 (63.48) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 83 (20.34) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 48 (11.76) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 17 (4.17) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1 (0.25) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Welsch, F | 1 |
| Cholakis, JM; Hemsworth, BA | 2 |
| Beleslin, DB; Samardzić, R | 1 |
| Jenden, DJ; Macri, JR; Parker, TS | 1 |
| Tiutiunshchikova, VD; Zefirov, LN | 1 |
| Clement, JG; Colhoun, EH; Lockwood, PA; Rylett, BJ | 1 |
| Bader, CR; Baughman, RW; Moore, JL | 1 |
| Chiou, CY; Matthews, RT | 1 |
| Cotman, CW; Nadler, JV; Shelton, DL | 1 |
| Macri, J; Russell, RW | 2 |
| Choi, RL; Freeman, JJ; Jenden, DJ; Macri, JR | 1 |
| Buccafusco, JJ; Finberg, JP; Spector, S | 1 |
| Barald, KF; Berg, DK | 2 |
| Krnjević, K; Reinhardt, W | 1 |
| Baker, T; Riker, DK; Riker, WF; Roth, RH; Sastre, A | 1 |
| Mavrin, MI | 1 |
| Bader, CR; Baughman, RW | 1 |
| Bigalke, H; Dimpfel, W | 1 |
| Higgins, AJ; Neal, MJ | 2 |
| Consolo, S; Ladinsky, H; Peri, G; Perri, V; Prigioni, I; Sacchi, O | 1 |
| Leeuwin, RS; Veldsema-Currie, RD; Wolters, EC | 1 |
| Massey, SC; Neal, MJ | 1 |
| Bygrave, FL; Dawson, RM | 1 |
| Gardiner, JE; Gwee, MC | 2 |
| Campos, HA; Romero, E | 1 |
| Molenaar, PC; Polak, RL; van Gelder, M | 1 |
| Colhoun, EH; Rylett, BJ | 2 |
| Veldsema-Currie, RD | 1 |
| Pedata, F; Pepeu, G; Wieraszko, A | 1 |
| Beach, RL; Pilar, GR; Suszkiw, JB | 1 |
| Mandel, P; Massarelli, R | 1 |
| Charles, HC; Chihal, DM; Domer, FR; Haarstad, VB; Rege, AB | 1 |
| Richter, JA | 1 |
| Osborne, NN | 1 |
| Dykes, CW; Harwood, JL; Kay, J | 1 |
| Hui, FW; Smith, AA | 2 |
| Ceccarelli, B; Hurlbut, WP | 2 |
| Barker, LA; Mittag, TW | 1 |
| Buterbaugh, GG; Carroll, PT | 1 |
| Friesen, JD; Khatter, JC | 1 |
| Beaujouan, JC; Glowinski, J; Guyenet, P; Lefresne, P | 1 |
| Kanfer, JN; Yavin, E | 1 |
| Hebb, C; Mann, SP | 1 |
| Leeuwin, RS; Wolters, EC | 1 |
| Barker, LA; Crane, AM; Glick, SD; Mittag, TW | 1 |
| Ansell, GB; Spanner, S | 1 |
| McLachlan, EM | 1 |
| Adamic, S | 3 |
| Choi, RL; Freeman, JJ; Jenden, DJ | 1 |
| Leeuwin, RS; Veldsema-Currie, RD; Wolters, E | 1 |
| Cohen, S; Heldman, E; Pittel, Z; Rubinstein, R | 1 |
| Benishin, CG | 1 |
| Dolezal, V; Tucek, S | 2 |
| Amstutz, R; Gylys, KH; Jenden, DJ; Mellin, C | 1 |
| Happe, HK; Murrin, LC | 3 |
| Brown, ND; Chiang, PK; Doctor, BP; Gordon, RK; Katzhendler, J | 1 |
| Aussel, C; Cattan, N; Pelassy, C | 1 |
| Best, LC; Robson, GD; Trinci, AP; Wiebe, MG | 1 |
| Kitamura, Y; Nomura, Y; Zhao, XH | 1 |
| Coyle, JT; Saltarelli, MD; Yamada, K | 6 |
| Alvarez, AL; Dabsys, SM; Finkielman, S; Nahmod, VE; Pirola, CJ; Scheucher, A; Torres, N | 1 |
| Effiong, U; Gates, H; Sweet, S; Torrence-Campbell, C; Townsel, JG | 1 |
| Avellini, L; Belfiore, P; Brunetti, M; De Medio, GE; Gaiti, A; Mariani, O; Nardella, C; Terracina, L | 1 |
| Breer, H; Kahle, C; Knipper, M | 1 |
| Berciano, J; Flórez, J; Fontán, A; Pascual, J; Pazos, A; Zarranz, JJ | 1 |
| Chamoin, MC; Palouzier-Paulignan, B; Ternaux, JP | 1 |
| Burke, RE; Cadet, JL; Jackson-Lewis, V; Kostic, V; Przedborski, S | 1 |
| Campo, GM; Caputi, AP; De Luca, R; Germanò, A; Trimarchi, GR | 1 |
| Nikolsky, EE; Oranska, TI; Voronin, VA; Vyskocil, F | 1 |
| Long, JP; Sheff, KY; Yorek, MA | 1 |
| Addis, A; Amoroso, D; Angeretti, N; Consolo, S; Forloni, G | 1 |
| Bevan, C; Kinne, RK | 1 |
| Chung, OY; Hasler, WL; Kurosawa, S | 1 |
| Bhatnagar, RK; Chatterjee, TK | 1 |
| Pentreath, VW; Wuttke, WA | 1 |
| Rylett, RJ; Williams, LR | 1 |
| Birks, RI; Worsley, KJ | 1 |
| Cannon, JG; Flynn, JR; Long, JP; Schott, MJ; Tedford, CE | 1 |
| Beleslin, DB; Nedelkovski, V | 1 |
| Beleslin, DB; Jovanović-Mićić, D; Nedelkovski, V; Samardzić, R; Strbac, M | 1 |
| Kashima, Y; Kawashima, K; Suzuki, T | 1 |
| Hanin, I; Kindel, G; Potter, PE; Tedford, CE | 1 |
| Slavíková, J; Tucek, S | 1 |
| Bigl, V; Schliebs, R; Walch, C | 1 |
| Cawley, G; Rothermel, S; Wecker, L | 1 |
| Morio, Y; Yagasaki, O | 1 |
| Ando, S; Tanaka, Y; Yavin, E | 1 |
| Chrobak, JJ; Spates, MJ; Stackman, RW; Walsh, TJ | 1 |
| González, AM; Pascual, J; Pazos, A | 1 |
| Coyle, JT; Puttfarcken, PS; Sweeney, JE | 1 |
| Chander, A; Dodia, C; Fisher, AB; Kleinzeller, A; Reicherter, J | 1 |
| Blusztajn, JK; Liscovitch, M; Richardson, UI | 1 |
| Bekenstein, JW; Wooten, GF | 1 |
| Iwata, M; Nagata, Y; Tamaru, M | 1 |
| Casanova, MF; Coyle, JT; Lowenstein, PR; Price, DL; Raskin, LS; Singer, HS; Slesinger, PA; Walker, LC | 1 |
| Brezenoff, HE; Xiao, YF | 1 |
| Blanco, R; Cohen, RA; Goldstein, I; Krane, RJ; Saenz de Tejada, I; Wotiz, HH | 1 |
| Aronstam, RS; Buccafusco, JJ | 1 |
| Glavinović, MI | 1 |
| Bhatnagar, RK; Bhattacharyya, B; Cannon, JG; Chang, Y; Chatterjee, T; Flynn, JR; Lee, TM; Long, JP; Nyanda, AM | 1 |
| Ivy, MT; Sukumar, R; Townsel, JG | 1 |
| Hassoni, AA; Kerkut, GA; Walker, RJ | 1 |
| Kilbinger, H; Wessler, I | 1 |
| Ivy, MT; Townsel, JG | 1 |
| Matsumura, F | 1 |
| Boekhoff, I; Breer, H; Knipper, M | 1 |
| Boegman, RJ; Ludwin, SK; Metcalf, RH; Quirion, R; Riopelle, RJ | 1 |
| Dawson, TM; Dawson, VL; Filloux, FM; Wamsley, JK | 1 |
| Maire, JC; Wurtman, RJ | 1 |
| Engel, AG; Lambert, EH; Mora, M | 1 |
| Ando, M; Iwata, M; Nagata, Y; Takahama, K | 1 |
| Landis, S; Leblanc, G | 1 |
| Fisher, A; Hanin, I | 1 |
| Quirion, R | 1 |
| Coyle, JT; Lopez, J; Lowenstein, PR; Saltarelli, MD | 1 |
| Chao, CK; Pomfret, EA; Zeisel, SH | 1 |
| O'Regan, S | 1 |
| Rylett, RJ | 1 |
| Bhatnagar, RK; Cannon, JG; Flynn, JR; Long, JP; Tedford, CE | 1 |
| Cannon, JG; Flynn, JR; Long, JP; Sheff, KY; Tedford, CE; Yorek, MA | 1 |
| Ginsberg, BH; Lipton, BA; Yorek, MA | 1 |
| Kelley, MC; Meyer, EM; Raizada, MK | 1 |
| Bhatnagar, R; Cannon, JG; Chatterjee, T; Long, JP; Sheff, K; Tedford, CE; Wang, YF | 1 |
| Cohen, S; Egozi, Y; Kloog, Y; Shimon, M; Sokolovsky, M | 1 |
| Hervonen, A; Riekkinen, PJ; Sirviö, J | 1 |
| Bhatnagar, RK; Cannon, JG; Chatterjee, TK; Long, JP | 1 |
| Hewitt, LO; Swann, AC | 1 |
| Keller, F; Rimvall, K; Waser, PG | 1 |
| Coyle, JT; Lowenstein, PR; Saltarelli, MD | 1 |
| Sandmann, J; Wessler, I | 1 |
| Banfi, S; Giovannelli, L; Moroni, F; Pedata, F; Pepeu, G; Spignoli, G | 1 |
| Casanova, MF; Coyle, JT; Lowenstein, PR; Price, DL; Singer, HS; Slesinger, PA; Walker, LC | 1 |
| Bhatnagar, RK; Cannon, JG; Chatterjee, TK | 1 |
| Cohen, JS; Daly, PF; Faustino, PJ; Lyon, RC | 1 |
| Kotas, AM; Prince, AK | 1 |
| Pittaluga, A; Raiteri, M | 1 |
| Noisin, EL; Terrian, DM; Thomas, WE | 1 |
| Freeman, JJ; Kosh, JW; Slone, HT | 1 |
| Cuello, AC; Maysinger, D; Tagari, PC | 1 |
| Coyle, JT; Lowenstein, PR | 1 |
| Baker, SP; Meyer, EM | 1 |
| Dubois, A; Motohashi, N; Scatton, B | 1 |
| Franklin, SR; Sethy, VH; Tang, AH | 1 |
| Bonanno, G; Raiteri, M | 1 |
| Hanin, I; Leventer, SM; Roeske, WR; Vickroy, TW; Watson, M; Yamamura, HI | 1 |
| Dudley, DT; Rosario, RT; Spector, AA; Yorek, MA | 1 |
| Manaker, S; Rainbow, TC; Wieczorek, CM | 1 |
| Kurihara, K; Matsuoka, I; Satake, R | 1 |
| Biedrzycka, DW; Doukas, PH; O'Neill, JJ; Ricciardi, FJ; Sterling, GH | 1 |
| Richardson, PJ | 1 |
| Dick, RM; Freeman, JJ; Kosh, JW | 1 |
| King, RG; Sharp, JA | 1 |
| Giacobini, E; Mattio, TG; Richardson, JS | 1 |
| Boksa, P | 1 |
| Hattori, H; Kanfer, JN | 1 |
| Sweiry, JH; Yudilevich, DL | 1 |
| Chap, H; Douste-Blazy, L; Hamza, M; Lloveras, J | 1 |
| Dawson, S; King, RG | 1 |
| Coyle, JT; Sandberg, K | 1 |
| Csillik, B; Haarstad, VB; Kiss, J; Knyihàr, E | 1 |
| Beaujouan, JC; Glowinski, J; Guyenet, P; Lefresne, P; Rossier, J | 2 |
| Bhatnagar, SP | 2 |
| Iversen, LL | 1 |
| Kojima, M; Kuromi, H; Nagata, M; Takagi, H | 1 |
| Chen, SS | 1 |
| Fehér, O; Joó, F; Párducz, A | 1 |
| Diecke, FP; Greenberg, S; Kadowitz, PJ; Long, JP | 1 |
| Hemsworth, BA | 2 |
| Galley, N; Klinke, R; Oertel, W; Pause, M; Storch, WH | 1 |
| Ansell, GB; Spanner, SG | 1 |
| Ishida, Y; Moritoki, H | 1 |
| Crema, A; Del Tacca, M; Soldani, G | 1 |
| Gardiner, JE | 1 |
| Lanks, K; Papirmeister, B; Somers, L; Yamamura, H | 1 |
| Stevenson, RW; Wilson, WS | 1 |
| Gay, WS | 1 |
| Bourque, E; Kanfer, J; Saito, M | 1 |
| Dryden, WF; Harvey, AL | 1 |
| Bhargava, HN; Chan, SL; Way, EL | 1 |
| Crofford, M; Hui, F; Smith, AA | 1 |
| Clarke, DE; Ertel, RJ; Franke, FR; Ouyang, G | 2 |
| Haga, T; Noda, H | 1 |
| Slater, P; Stonier, PD | 3 |
| Acara, M; Kowalski, M; Rennick, B | 1 |
| Jenden, DJ; Ross, SB | 1 |
| Domino, EF; Haarstad, VB; Mohrman, ME; Wilson, AE | 1 |
| Collier, B | 1 |
| Dowdall, MJ; Simon, EJ | 1 |
| Kuhar, MJ; Mulder, AH; Snyder, SH; Yamamura, HI | 1 |
| Acara, M; Rennick, B; Trimble, ME | 1 |
| Collier, B; Katz, HS | 1 |
| Abdel-Latif, AA; Smith, JP | 1 |
| Bennett, MR; McLachlan, EM | 1 |
| Flower, RJ; Pollitt, RJ; Sanford, PA; Smyth, DH | 2 |
| Gwee, MC; Lim, HS | 1 |
| Diamond, I; Milfay, D | 1 |
| Domino, EF; Mohrman, ME | 1 |
| Somogyi, GT; Szerb, JC | 1 |
| Sanford, PA; Smyth, DH | 1 |
| Haga, T | 1 |
| Rogers, KJ; Slater, P | 1 |
| Bosmann, HB; Hemsworth, BA | 1 |
| Holm, J | 1 |
| Marshall, IG | 1 |
| Frazier, DT; Narahashi, T; Yamada, M | 1 |
| Domino, EF; Gomez, MV; Sellinger, OZ | 2 |
| Chang, CC; Lee, C | 1 |
| Chiou, CY; Long, JP; Potrepka, R; Spratt, JL | 1 |
| De Robertis, E; Zieher, LM | 1 |
| Potter, LT | 1 |
| Tregubov, SM | 1 |
| Boksa, P; Collier, B | 1 |
| Boura, AL; King, RG; Sharp, JA | 1 |
| Giompres, P; Luqmani, YA | 1 |
| Green, DJ; Robinson, TE | 1 |
| McGee, R | 1 |
| Breakefield, XO; Riker, DK; Roth, RH | 1 |
| Douste-Blazy, L; Hamza, M; Lloveras, J; Ribbes, G; Soula, G | 1 |
| Allen, MC | 1 |
| Langemeijer, MW; Lind, A; van Marle, J; van Weeren-Kramer, J; Veldsema-Currie, RD | 1 |
| Campos, HA; Fuenmayor, LD; Marcano de Cotte, D; Romero, E | 1 |
| Parsons, B; Rainbow, TC; Wieczorek, CM | 1 |
| Carroll, PT | 1 |
| Roeske, WR; Vickroy, TW; Yamamura, HI | 1 |
| King, RG | 1 |
| Labruyère, WT; Langemeijer, MW; Veldsema-Currie, RD | 1 |
| Choy, PC; Zelinski, TA | 1 |
| Leeuwin, RS; Spanjer, W; van der Wal, JK | 1 |
| Hemsworth, BA; Shreeve, SM; Veitch, GB | 1 |
| Atchison, WD; Lalley, PM; Mellon, WS; Peterson, RE | 1 |
| Smart, LA | 1 |
| Bradshaw, CM; Lamb, K; Szabadi, E | 1 |
| Anderson, RE; Pu, GA | 1 |
| Flynn, CJ; Stouse, MR; Trommer, BA; Wecker, L | 1 |
| Barrnett, RJ; Cooper, JR; Meyer, EM | 1 |
| Gaginella, TS; Kisslinger, SD; Wu, ZC | 1 |
| Oide, M | 1 |
| Freeman, JJ; Kosh, JW; Parrish, JS | 1 |
| Hyatt, MC; Russell, JA | 1 |
| Freeman, JJ; Kosh, JW; Ward, HE | 1 |
| Gundersen, CB; Jenden, DJ; Newton, MW | 1 |
| Auerbach, A; Barker, DL | 1 |
| Jope, RS | 1 |
| Kilbinger, H; Kruel, R | 1 |
| Kammerer, E; Matthies, H; Rauca, C | 1 |
| Barberis, C; Corrieri, AG; Gayet, J | 1 |
| Smart, L | 1 |
| Giacobini, E; Hoffman, DW; Marchi, M; Volle, R | 1 |
| Choo, LK; Mitchelson, F | 1 |
| Kitada, Y; Miyauchi, T; Oikawa, S | 1 |
| Krigman, MR; Morell, P; Ramsay, PB | 1 |
| Charles, HC; Chihal, DM; Domer, FR; Koch, RC | 1 |
| Grenon, G; Plourde, G; Tremblay, JP | 1 |
| Kobayashi, H; Matsusaka, N; Takeno, K; Yanagiya, I; Yuyama, A | 1 |
| King, RG; Marchbanks, RM | 1 |
| Lindmar, R; Löffelholz, K; Weide, W; Witzke, J | 1 |
| Yavin, E | 1 |
| Marchbanks, RM; Rubio, MA; Wonnacott, S | 1 |
| Kent, C; Ratnam, S | 1 |
| Bussière, M; Campenot, RB; Ure, DR; Vance, DE; Vance, JE | 1 |
| Birman, S; Meunier, FM; O'Regan, S | 1 |
| Alaghband Zadeh, J; Brezenoff, HE; Challand, GS; de Wardener, HE; Etienne, A; Holland, SM; Morris, HR; Panico, M; Vargas, HM | 1 |
| Cunliffe, B; Robson, GD; Trinci, APJ; Wiebe, MG | 1 |
| Brake, WG; Pappas, BA | 1 |
| Chiou, GC; Hong, SJ; Rohde, BH | 1 |
| Pascual, J; Pazos, A; Rodríguez-Puertas, R; Zarranz, JJ | 1 |
| Egashira, T; Yamanaka, Y; Yufu, F | 1 |
| Furukawa, T; Kohno, Y; Kushiku, K; Kuwahara, T; Ohjimi, H; Yamada, H | 1 |
| Fukuoka, H; Ito, Y; Kato, H; Nagata, O; Terasaki, T; Tsuji, A; Yamazaki, M | 1 |
| Collier, B; Ferguson, SS; Rylett, RJ | 1 |
| Pascual, J; Pazos, A; Rodríguez-Puertas, R | 1 |
| Bissette, G; Nemeroff, CB; Seidler, FJ; Slotkin, TA | 2 |
| Chu, AJ | 1 |
| Gonzalez, AM; Uhl, GR | 1 |
| Joyner, SE; Kirk, K | 1 |
| Collier, B; Ferguson, SS | 1 |
| Aubert, I; Gauthier, S; Poirier, J; Quirion, R | 1 |
| Hoebel, BG; Mark, GP; Rada, PV | 1 |
| Carlsson-Skwirut, C; Civalero, I; Nilsson-Håkansson, L; Nordberg, A; Sara, VR; Zhang, X | 1 |
| Hori, R; Katsura, T; Takano, M; Tomita, Y; Yasuhara, M | 1 |
| Blais, A; Le Grimellec, C; Loiseau, A; Moll, G; Zlatkine, P | 1 |
| Davis, W; Rylett, RJ; Walters, SA | 2 |
| Campione, AL; Mann, DF; Van Winkle, LJ; Wasserlauf, HG | 1 |
| Connell, TA; Weiss, B; Zhang, SP; Zhou, LW | 1 |
| Estrada, C; Galea, E; Gómez, C; Martín, C | 1 |
| Evans, SM; Kushner, PD; Meyer, EM | 1 |
| Copius Peereboom-Stegeman, JH; Russel, FG; Van der Aa, EM; Wouterse, AC | 1 |
| Balment, RJ; Conlon, JM | 1 |
| Gürün, S; Kiran, BK; Savci, V; Ulus, IH | 1 |
| Balezina, OP; Naves, LA; Van der Kloot, W | 1 |
| Liu, J; Pope, CN | 1 |
| Klaschka, J; Kristofiková, Z | 1 |
| Fitzgerald, RS; Ishizawa, Y; Shirahata, M | 1 |
| Arai, T; Ikarashi, Y; Ishimaru, H; Maruyama, Y; Takahashi, A | 1 |
| Gürün, MS; Kiran, BK; Savci, V; Ulus, IH | 1 |
| Ahmed, MJ; Hendry, BM; Jouhal, K; Riley, SP; Talbot, NJ | 1 |
| Wightman, RM; Xin, Q | 1 |
| Boyd, CA; van Rossum, GD | 1 |
| Savci, V; Ulus, IH | 1 |
| Erickson, LC; Hanin, I; Santiago, LR | 1 |
| Klaschka, J; Kristofiková, Z; Tejkalová, H | 2 |
| Baumann, WJ; Dong, Z; Huang, C; Kiss, Z; Ma, WY; Malewicz, B | 1 |
| Oelberg, DG; Xu, F | 1 |
| Eaton, BM; Sooranna, SR | 1 |
| Demiral, Y; Ulus, IH; Unal, CB | 1 |
| Disko, U; Gazyakan, E; Haaf, A; Heimrich, B; Jackisch, R | 1 |
| Ford, BD; Ivy, MT; Mtshali, CP; Townsel, JG | 1 |
| Allen, DD; Smith, QR | 2 |
| Endou, H; Haga, T; Ishihara, T; Kanai, Y; Katsura, I; Okuda, T | 1 |
| Capdevila, JL; Trullas, R; Zapata, A | 1 |
| Ajmone-Cat, MA; Augusti-Tocco, G; Baldelli, P; Biagioni, S; Carbone, E; De Jaco, A | 1 |
| Bergaglia, F; Marchi, M; Pedrini, A; Raiteri, M | 1 |
| Apparsundaram, S; Blakely, RD; Ferguson, SM; George, AL | 1 |
| Araki, T; Fujihara, K; Imai, Y; Itoyama, Y; Kato, H; Mizugaki, M; Tanji, H | 1 |
| Muramatsu, I; Suzuki, F; Tanaka, T; Taniguchi, T; Zhu, J | 1 |
| de Araujo , EG; Marques, PM; Paes-de-Carvalho, R; Sholl-Franco, A | 1 |
| Ivy, MT; Karim, MR; Mtshali, CM; Newkirk, RF; Townsel, JG | 1 |
| Bridges, CC; Friedrich, A; Ganapathy, V; George, RL; Prasad, PD | 1 |
| Chen, SR; Pan, HL | 1 |
| Feuerstein, TJ; Ginap, T; Ostertag, CB; Savas, A; Warnke, PC | 1 |
| Bussière, M; Campenot, RB; Vance, DE; Vance, JE | 1 |
| Ebel, H; Gunther, T; Hollstein, M | 1 |
| Gürün, MS; Ilçöl, YO; Taga, Y; Ulus, IH | 1 |
| Dvorak, C; Klein, J; Löffelholz, K; Ruhr, J; Weichel, O | 1 |
| Goktalay, G; Savci, V; Ulus, IH | 1 |
| Bligny, R; Boisson, AM; Douce, R; Gout, E; van der Rest, B | 1 |
| Guermonprez, L; Meunier, FM; Morot-Gaudry-Talarmain, Y; O'Regan, S | 1 |
| Ando, S; Kawamura, K; Sasaki, T; Senda, M; Tanaka, Y | 1 |
| Fujii, T; Haga, T; Kawashima, K; Okuda, T | 1 |
| Klaschka, J; Kristofiková, Z; Platilová, V | 1 |
| Feuerstein, TJ; Klar, M; Rominger, A; Steffens, M; Szabo, B; Zentner, J | 1 |
| CHANG, V; RAND, MJ | 1 |
| EVANS, ER; WILSON, H | 1 |
| HEBB, CO; LING, GM; MCGEER, EG; MCGEER, PL; PERKINS, D | 1 |
| RAND, MJ; RIDEHALGH, A | 1 |
| ELMQVIST, D; QUASTEL, DM | 1 |
| LONG, JP; REITZEL, NL | 1 |
| Buznikov, GA; Lauder, JM; Nikitina, LA; Qiao, D; Seidler, FJ; Slotkin, TA | 1 |
| Blakely, RD; Ferguson, SM | 1 |
| Acosta, GB; Baratti, CM; Blake, MG; Boccia, MM | 1 |
| Guo, Q; Xie, J | 1 |
| Allen, DD; Crooks, PA; Dwoskin, LP; Geldenhuys, WJ; Lockman, PR; Nguyen, TH; Van der Schyf, CJ | 1 |
| Parikh, V; Sarter, M | 1 |
| Apparsundaram, S; Kozak, R; Parikh, V; Richards, JB; Sarter, M | 1 |
| Blakely, RD; Fleming, PA; Matthies, DS; Wilkes, DM | 1 |
| Blakely, RD; De Felice, LJ; Iwamoto, H | 1 |
| Das, MK; DeGrado, TR; Dusa, C; Gao, M; Groh, WJ; Hutchins, GD; Lopshire, JC; Miller, MA; Mock, BH; Rosenberger, JG; Zheng, QH; Zipes, DP | 1 |
| Guo, Q; Payette, DJ; Xie, J | 1 |
| Black, SA; Ferguson, SS; Pholpramool, C; Pinthong, M; Ribeiro, FM; Rylett, RJ | 1 |
| Duysen, EG; Hartmann, J; Kiewert, C; Klein, J; Lockridge, O | 1 |
| Bessho, T; Eguchi, J; Kawai, K; Mori, R; Saito, K; Takashina, K | 1 |
| Cheng, K; Davis, RJ; Drachenberg, C; Nomikos, G; Raufman, JP; Samimi, R; Shant, J; Wade, M; Xie, G | 1 |
| Aoki, T; Inazu, M; Kouji, H; Matsumiya, T; Tajima, H; Yamada, T | 1 |
| Choi, HM; Kang, YS; Lee, NY | 1 |
| Holzapfel, K; Krause, BJ; Müller, SA; Seidl, C; Senekowitsch-Schmidtke, R; Treiber, U | 1 |
| Bakovic, M; Michel, V | 1 |
| Fujii, T; Haga, T; Kawashima, K; Masai, M; Misawa, H; Moriwaki, Y; Okuda, T; Takada-Takatori, Y | 1 |
| Lahiri, DK; Ray, B; Simon, JR | 1 |
| Inoue, H; Kuwagata, Y | 1 |
| Alberge, B; Bascunana, C; Cerdan, R; Gannoun-Zaki, L; Tran van Ba, C; Vial, H | 1 |
| Ivy, MT; Newkirk, RF; Townsel, JG; Wang, Y | 1 |
| Gahring, LC; Rogers, SW; Vasquez-Opazo, GA | 1 |
| Corn, DJ; Erokwu, B; Kuang, Y; Lee, Z; Salem, N; Tian, H; Wang, F | 1 |
| Haga, T; Konishi, A; Misawa, H; Okuda, T | 1 |
| Black, SA; Cuddy, LK; Ferguson, SS; Gordon, AC; Jaworski, E; Rylett, RJ | 1 |
| Jun, D; Kristofikova, Z; Kuca, K; Ripova, D; Soukup, O; Tambor, V | 1 |
| Cuddy, LK; Rylett, RJ; Winick-Ng, W | 1 |
| Blakely, RD; Cherian, AK; Ennis, EA; Holmstrand, EC; Lund, D; Martin, RF; Sarter, M; Stanwood, GD; Wright, J | 1 |
| Behrens, CJ; Heinemann, U; Hollnagel, JO; Maslarova, A; Mody, I; Ul Haq, R | 1 |
| Carrasco, MP; Entrena, A; Hurtado-Guerrero, R; López-Cara, LC; Macchiarulo, A; Marco, C; Nuti, R; Ríos-Marco, P; Serran-Aguilera, L | 1 |
| Blakely, RD; Daniels, JS; Ennis, EA; Hopkins, CR; Huang, X; Li, M; Lin, Z; Lindsley, CW; McManus, OB; Retzlaff, CL; Wright, J; Wu, M | 1 |
| Hara, N; Inazu, M; Iwao, B; Uchino, H; Yamanaka, T; Yara, M | 1 |
| Blakely, RD; Ennis, EA | 1 |
| Albiñana, E; Baraibar, AM; Gandía, L; Hernández-Guijo, JM; Luengo, JG; Muñoz, MD; Solís, JM | 1 |
| Blakely, RD; Koshy Cherian, A; Mao-Draayer, Y; Parikh, V; Sarter, M; Wang, Q; Wu, Q | 1 |
| Gyawali, R; Ibrahim, S; Zimmerman, T | 1 |
| Ishibashi, T; Lee, KS; Masuoka, T; Muramatsu, I; Nishio, M; Sada, K; Taniguchi, T; Uwada, J; Yoshiki, H | 1 |
| Hase, A; Hirai, K; Inazu, M; Nishijima, N; Shibata, K; Watanabe, S; Yamanaka, T | 1 |
5 review(s) available for hemicholinium 3 and choline
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Potential animal models for senile dementia of Alzheimer's type, with emphasis on AF64A-induced cholinotoxicity.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Aluminum; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Aziridines; Choline; Disease Models, Animal; Haplorhini; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Neurotoxins; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Scopolamine | 1986 |
High-affinity choline transport sites: use of [3H]hemicholinium-3 as a quantitative marker.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Nerve Endings; Tritium | 1993 |
High affinity choline transporter status in Alzheimer's disease tissue from rapid autopsy.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Membrane Transport Proteins | 1996 |
The choline transporter resurfaces: new roles for synaptic vesicles?
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Cell Membrane; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Membrane Transport Proteins; Neurons; Presynaptic Terminals; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptic Vesicles | 2004 |
Choline on the Move: Perspectives on the Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology of the Presynaptic Choline Transporter.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Membrane Transport Proteins | 2016 |
1 trial(s) available for hemicholinium 3 and choline
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Influence of hemicholinium (HC-3) on morphine analgesia, tolerance, physical dependence and on brain acetylcholine.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Analgesia; Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Drug Tolerance; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Male; Mice; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Placebos; Reaction Time; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors | 1974 |
402 other study(ies) available for hemicholinium 3 and choline
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Effects of drugs on the uptake of acetylcholine by human term placenta fragments.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Anesthetics, Local; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Antipsychotic Agents; Biological Transport, Active; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dextroamphetamine; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Morphine; Neurotransmitter Agents; Parasympatholytics; Parasympathomimetics; Placenta; Pregnancy | 1976 |
Some pharmacological actions of acetylsecohemicholinium.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Anura; Cattle; Chickens; Choline; Cholinesterases; Erythrocytes; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Muscle Contraction; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Rats; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptosomes | 1978 |
Evidence of central cholinergic mechanisms in the appearance of affective aggressive behaviour: dissociation of aggression from autonomic and motor phenomena.
Topics: Aggression; Animals; Cats; Choline; Emotions; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Male; Motor Activity; Muscarine; Neostigmine; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Physostigmine | 1979 |
A new neuromuscular blocking agent: 1-methyl, 1(2-hydroxyethyl) aziridinium tosylate (cyclocholine).
Topics: Animals; Aziridines; Azirines; Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Choline; Diaphragm; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Contraction; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Phrenic Nerve; Rats; Synaptic Transmission | 1976 |
[Sympathetic ganglion function in the presence of disrupted acetylcholine synthesis].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Cats; Choline; Depression, Chemical; Ganglia, Autonomic; Hemicholinium 3; Synaptic Transmission | 1976 |
Differences in purity of commercial samples of hemicholinium-3: effects on high affinity choline uptake, neuromuscular transmission, acetylcholinesterase and carbachol and acetylcholine contractions.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Carbachol; Cattle; Chickens; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Contamination; Drug Interactions; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Muscle Contraction; Neuromuscular Junction; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptosomes | 1979 |
Different time course of development for high-affinity choline uptake and choline acetyltransferase in the chick retina.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Carnitine O-Acetyltransferase; Chick Embryo; Chickens; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cholinergic Fibers; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Retina | 1978 |
Choline and diethylcholine transport into a cholinergic clone of neuroblastoma cells.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Choline; Clone Cells; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Neuroblastoma; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Temperature | 1979 |
Development of high affinity choline uptake and associated acetylcholine synthesis in the rat fascia dentata.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Axons; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cholinergic Fibers; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Male; Rats | 1979 |
Central cholinergic involvement in behavioral hyper-reactivity.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Rats; Time Factors | 1979 |
Studies on the behavioral and biochemical effects of hemicholinium in vivo.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Infusions, Parenteral; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Rats; Subcellular Fractions; Synaptosomes | 1979 |
Regional brain acetylcholine kinetics: effects of reserpine.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Brain; Choline; Haloperidol; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Male; Rats; Reserpine | 1979 |
Ciliary ganglion neurons in cell culture: high affinity choline uptake and autoradiographic choline labeling.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Chick Embryo; Choline; Culture Techniques; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia, Parasympathetic; Hemicholinium 3; Lithium; Muscles; Neurons; Sodium | 1979 |
Choline excites cortical neurons.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Cats; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Drug Synergism; Evoked Potentials; Glutamates; Hemicholinium 3; Motor Cortex; Physostigmine; Receptors, Muscarinic; Stimulation, Chemical | 1979 |
Regional high-affinity [3H]choline accumulation in cat forebrain: selective increase in the caudate-putamen after corticosteroid pretreatment.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Brain; Cats; Caudate Nucleus; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Lipid Metabolism; Putamen; Synaptosomes | 1979 |
High affinity choline uptake by spinal cord neurons in dissociated cell culture.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Transport; Cations, Monovalent; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Choline; Cholinergic Fibers; Hemicholinium 3; Neuromuscular Junction; Neurons; Spine | 1978 |
[Role of vagal nerves in regulating kidney tubular processes].
Topics: Animals; Choline; Dogs; Hemicholinium 3; Kidney Tubules; Vagus Nerve | 1979 |
Biochemical characterization and cellular localization of the cholinergic system in the chicken retina.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Chickens; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Potassium; Retina; Sucrose; Time Factors | 1977 |
Kinetics of [3H]acetylcholine synthesis and release in primary cell cultures from mammalian CNS.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Fetus; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Magnesium; Mice; Ouabain; Rats; Tritium | 1978 |
The effects of potassium depolarization on the metabolism of [3H]choline by rat sympathetic ganglia [proceedings].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Denervation; Ganglia, Autonomic; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Potassium; Rats | 1978 |
Storage and release of acetylcholine in the isolated superior cervical ganglion of the rat.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Electric Stimulation; Ganglia, Autonomic; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Physostigmine; Rats; Time Factors | 1978 |
Some behavioral effects of suppressing choline transport by cerebroventricular injection of hemicholinium-3.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Brain; Choline; Conditioning, Psychological; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drinking Behavior; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Rats | 1978 |
The effect of cholinesterase inhibitors and corticosteroids on rat nerve-muscle preparations treated with hemicholinium-3.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Glucocorticoids; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Lethal Dose 50; Muscle Contraction; Neuromuscular Junction; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1978 |
Release of [3H]-acetylcholine from the isolated retina of the rat by potassium depolarization: dependence on high affinity choline uptake.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Calcium; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Retina; Time Factors | 1979 |
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and choline transport in the anaerobic protozoon Entodinium caudatum.
Topics: Calcium; Choline; Choline Kinase; Ciliophora; Hemicholinium 3; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphorylcholine; Subcellular Fractions | 1976 |
Effect of two hemicholiniums on the disposition and distribution of endogenous free choline in anaesthetized rabbits.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Erythrocytes; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Rabbits; Time Factors | 1977 |
Effects of hemicholinium-3 or physostigmine on rat brain noradrenaline depletion induced by foot shocks.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Drug Interactions; Electroshock; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Methyltyrosines; Norepinephrine; Physostigmine; Rats; Time Factors | 1977 |
Acetylcholine metabolism and choline uptake in cortical slices.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Female; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Potassium; Rats; Temperature | 1977 |
Effects of acetylcholine mustard aziridinium ion and its choline analogue on choline transport into synaptosomes.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Aziridines; Azirines; Brain; Choline; Depression, Chemical; Female; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Rats; Sodium; Synaptosomes | 1977 |
Cooperative effects of hemicholinium-3 on high-affinity choline uptake by rat diaphragm.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Diaphragm; Female; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Motor Endplate; Muscles; Rats | 1977 |
Effect of choline, phosphorylcholine and dimethylaminoethanol on brain acetylcholine level in the rat.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Deanol; Ethanolamines; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Phosphorylcholine; Rats; Time Factors | 1977 |
Choline uptake by cholinergic neuron cell somas.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Chickens; Choline; Cyanides; Denervation; Dinitrophenols; Extracellular Space; Ganglia; Hemicholinium 3; Iris; Kinetics; Mannitol; Neurons; Ouabain; Sodium; Temperature | 1976 |
On the uptake mechanism of choline in nerve cell cultures.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Chick Embryo; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clone Cells; Cyanides; Dinitrophenols; Glioma; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Neuroblastoma; Neuroglia; Neurons; Ouabain; Synaptosomes; Temperature | 1976 |
Synthesis and structure-toxicity relationships of three new stable analogues of acetyl-seco-hemicholinium-3.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Neostigmine; Neuromuscular Junction; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1976 |
Characteristics of acetylcholine release by superfused slices of rat brain.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Calcium; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Potassium; Rats; Time Factors | 1976 |
The uptake of [3H] choline by snail (Helix pomatia) nervous tissue in vitro.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Cyanides; Dinitrophenols; Ganglia; Helix, Snails; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Sodium; Temperature | 1976 |
Incorporation of choline and ethanolamine into phospholipids in germinating soya bean.
Topics: Chloramphenicol; Choline; Cycloheximide; Depression, Chemical; Ethanolamines; Glycine max; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Metabolism; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipases; Phospholipids | 1976 |
Degeneration of Leydig cells in the skin of the salamander treated with cholinolytic drugs or surgical denervation.
Topics: Ambystoma; Animals; Choline; Denervation; Extremities; Hemicholinium 3; Leydig Cells; Male; Parasympatholytics; Regeneration; Skin; Starvation | 1976 |
The effects of prolonged repetitive stimulation in hemicholinium on the frog neuromuscular junction.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Culture Media; Curare; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Glucose; Hemicholinium 3; Membrane Potentials; Microscopy, Electron; Motor Endplate; Neuromuscular Junction; Rana pipiens; Spiders; Synaptic Vesicles; Thoracic Nerves; Venoms | 1975 |
Comparative studies of substrates and inhibitors of choline transport and choline acetyltransferase.
Topics: Acetyltransferases; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Methacholine Compounds; Pyrroles; Pyrrolidines; Quinuclidines; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship; Synaptosomes; Tritium | 1975 |
High affinity choline transport in guinea pig brain and the effect of norepinephrine.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Brain; Brain Stem; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Cocaine; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Male; Methyltyrosines; Norepinephrine; Phentolamine; Propranolol; Reserpine; Sodium; Synaptosomes | 1975 |
The effect of hemicholinium-3 on choline and acetylcholine levels in a sympathetic ganglion.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Cats; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ganglia, Autonomic; Hemicholinium 3; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Stimulation, Chemical; Time Factors | 1975 |
The subcellular localization of ACh synthesis in rat striatal synaptosomes investigated with the use of triton X-100.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Citric Acid Cycle; Coenzyme A; Corpus Striatum; Fumarate Hydratase; Glucose; Hemicholinium 3; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Mitochondria; Polyethylene Glycols; Pyruvates; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Synaptosomes; Time Factors | 1975 |
Regulation of phospholipid metabolism in differentiating cells from rat brain cerebral hemispheres in culture. I. Uptake and phosphorylation of [U-14C]ethanoloamine and the effect of various inhibitors.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Calcium; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Cyanides; Dinitrophenols; Ethanolamines; Ethylamines; Ethylmaleimide; Hemicholinium 3; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Rats; Serine; Time Factors | 1975 |
Inhibition of choline acetyltransferase by quaternary ammonium analogues of choline.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetyltransferases; Animals; Brain; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Sodium | 1975 |
Antagonism of corticosteroids against the lethal effects of hemicholinium-3 in rats and mice.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Dexamethasone; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Lethal Dose 50; Physostigmine; Prednisolone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1975 |
Effects of N-hydroxyethyl-pyrrolidinium methiodide, a choline analogue, on passive avoidance behaviour in mice.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Choline; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Intraventricular; Mice; Physostigmine; Pyrroles; Scopolamine; Time Factors | 1975 |
The metabolism of choline in regions of rat brain and the effect of hemicholinium-3.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Mesencephalon; Phosphatidylcholines; Rats; Subcellular Fractions | 1975 |
Changes in statistical release parameters during prolonged stimulation of preganglionic nerve terminals.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic; Axons; Choline; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Ganglia, Autonomic; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Nerve Endings; Statistics as Topic | 1975 |
(3H)Choline entry and (3H)acetylcholine formation in leech segmental ganglia.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Ganglia; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Leeches; Sodium | 1975 |
The effect of hemicholinium on behavior and on brain acetylcholine and choline in the rat.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Defecation; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Male; Rats; Reflex, Startle; Time Factors; Urination; Vocalization, Animal | 1975 |
The effect of corticosteroids and hemicholinium-3 on choline uptake and incorporation into acetylcholine in rat diaphragm.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aldosterone; Animals; Choline; Depression, Chemical; Dexamethasone; Diaphragm; Female; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Prednisolone; Rats | 1976 |
Inhibition of choline efflux results in enhanced acetylcholine synthesis and release in the guinea-pig corticocerebral synaptosomes.
Topics: (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride; Acetylcholine; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Membrane Transport Proteins; Synaptosomes; Tritium | 1992 |
Actions of ginsenoside Rb1 on choline uptake in central cholinergic nerve endings.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Ginsenosides; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Kinetics; Nerve Endings; Organ Specificity; Panax; Plants, Medicinal; Rats; Receptors, Cell Surface; Saponins; Synaptosomes | 1992 |
Investigation of the mechanism of the effect of tacrine (tetrahydroaminoacridine) on the metabolism of acetylcholine and choline in brain cortical prisms.
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Acetylcholine; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Nerve Endings; Paraoxon; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphorylation; Phosphorylcholine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tacrine | 1992 |
Characterization of the irreversible inhibition of high-affinity choline transport produced by hemicholinium mustard.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Choline; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Myenteric Plexus; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes | 1992 |
Development of high-affinity choline transport sites in rat forebrain: a quantitative autoradiography study with [3H]hemicholinium-3.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Aging; Animals; Atropine; Autoradiography; Binding, Competitive; Biological Transport; Brain; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Male; Organ Specificity; Prosencephalon; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Tritium; Tubocurarine | 1992 |
Postganglionic nicotinic action of anatoxin-a on guinea pig ileum antagonized by thymopentin.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Bacterial Toxins; Choline; Cyanobacteria; Cyanobacteria Toxins; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Marine Toxins; Microcystins; Molecular Sequence Data; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Nicotine; Parasympathomimetics; Thymopentin; Tropanes | 1992 |
Changes in phospholipid metabolism induced by quinine, 4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium in the monocytic cell line THP1.
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Cell Line; Choline; Ethanolamine; Ethanolamines; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Monocytes; Phospholipids; Quinine; Tetraethylammonium Compounds | 1992 |
High-affinity choline transport regulation by drug administration during postnatal development.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Biological Transport; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Haloperidol; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Nicotine; Pentobarbital; Postpartum Period; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tritium | 1992 |
Choline transport in Fusarium graminearum A 3/5.
Topics: Biological Transport, Active; Choline; Fusarium; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Nitrogen; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 1992 |
Age-related changes in NMDA-induced [3H]acetylcholine release from brain slices of senescence-accelerated mouse.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Aging; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Calcium; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Magnesium; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; N-Methylaspartate; Potassium Chloride | 1992 |
[3H]hemicholinium-3 binding in rats with status epilepticus induced by lithium chloride and pilocarpine.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Kinetics; Lithium; Lithium Chloride; Male; Pilocarpine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Status Epilepticus | 1991 |
Cholinergic hyperactivity in the lateral septal area of spontaneously hypertensive rats: depressor effect of hemicholinium-3 and pirenzepine.
Topics: (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride; Animals; Blood Pressure; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Pirenzepine; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Receptors, Cholinergic; Septum Pellucidum; Synaptosomes | 1991 |
An improved invertebrate synaptosomal preparation with cholinergic properties.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Cell Fractionation; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Ethylmaleimide; Ganglia, Autonomic; Hemicholinium 3; Horseshoe Crabs; Sodium; Synaptosomes | 1991 |
Choline incorporation into phospholipids in brain areas from spontaneously hypertensive rats: effect of oxiracetam treatment.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Extracellular Space; Hemicholinium 3; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipids; Psychotropic Drugs; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Synaptosomes | 1991 |
Purification and reconstitution of the high affinity choline transporter.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Chromatography, Affinity; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Detergents; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glycoside Hydrolases; Glycosylation; Grasshoppers; Hemicholinium 3; Immunologic Techniques; Isoelectric Point; Liposomes; Mannosyl-Glycoprotein Endo-beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase; Molecular Weight; Solubility; Synaptic Membranes | 1991 |
High-affinity choline uptake carrier in Alzheimer's disease: implications for the cholinergic hypothesis of dementia.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Brain; Caudate Nucleus; Cerebellar Cortex; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Humans; Male; Organ Specificity; Putamen | 1991 |
Choline uptake in cholinergic nodose cell bodies.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Cell Separation; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Hemicholinium 3; Immunohistochemistry; Neurons; Nodose Ganglion; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Sodium | 1991 |
Effect of unilateral perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the rat on striatal muscarinic cholinergic receptors and high-affinity choline uptake sites: a quantitative autoradiographic study.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Autoradiography; Binding, Competitive; Brain Ischemia; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Hemicholinium 3; Hypoxia; Pirenzepine; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; Rats; Receptors, Muscarinic; Tissue Distribution | 1991 |
Positive and negative effects of tacrine (tetrahydroaminoacridine) and methoxytacrine on the metabolism of acetylcholine in brain cortical prisms incubated under "resting" conditions.
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Acetylcholine; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Cholinesterases; Hemicholinium 3; Histological Techniques; Male; Rats; Rest; Tacrine | 1991 |
Changes in urine volume and urinary electrolyte excretion after intracerebroventricular injection of arecoline and hemicholinium-3.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Administration, Oral; Animals; Arecoline; Atropine Derivatives; Brain; Choline; Diuresis; Drug Administration Schedule; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Natriuresis; Neurons; Parasympatholytics; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Urine | 1991 |
The dependence of non-quantal acetylcholine release on the choline-uptake system in the mouse diaphragm.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diaphragm; Electric Stimulation; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Male; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Microelectrodes; Neuromuscular Junction; Perfusion; Tubocurarine | 1991 |
Effects of calmodulin antagonists on sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake.
Topics: Animals; Calmodulin; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Sodium | 1991 |
Hemicholinium-3 derivatives A-4 and A-5 affect choline and acetylcholine metabolism.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Biphenyl Compounds; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Neurons; Parasympatholytics; Piperidines; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1991 |
Decrease in [3H]hemicholinium binding to high-affinity choline uptake sites in deafferented striatum: restoration by oxiracetam.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Autoradiography; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Denervation; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tritium | 1990 |
Choline transport in collecting duct cells isolated from the rat renal inner medulla.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Choline; Deanol; Ethanolamine; Ethanolamines; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Hemicholinium 3; Kidney Medulla; Kidney Tubules, Collecting; Kinetics; Male; Membrane Potentials; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium | 1990 |
Phospholipase A2 and 3H-hemicholinium-3 binding sites in rat brain: a potential second-messenger role for fatty acids in the regulation of high-affinity choline uptake.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Fatty Acids; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Phospholipases; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases A2; Phospholipids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Second Messenger Systems; Tritium | 1990 |
Regional cholinergic differences between distal and proximal colonic myenteric plexus.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Colon; Electric Stimulation; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Myenteric Plexus; Organ Specificity; Physostigmine; Veratridine | 1990 |
Ca2(+)-dependent, ATP-induced conversion of the [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding sites from high- to low-affinity states in rat striatum: effect of protein kinase inhibitors on this affinity conversion and synaptosomal choline transport.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Biological Transport; Calcium; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Gossypol; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes; Tritium | 1990 |
Evidence for the uptake of neuronally derived choline by glial cells in the leech central nervous system.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Leeches; Membrane Potentials; Neuroglia; Physostigmine; Potassium; Serotonin; Time Factors | 1990 |
Exogenous nerve growth factor increases the activity of high-affinity choline uptake and choline acetyltransferase in brain of Fisher 344 male rats.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Brain; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Corpus Striatum; Frontal Lobe; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Male; Nerve Growth Factors; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344 | 1990 |
Activation of acetylcholine synthesis in cat sympathetic ganglia: dependence on external choline and sodium-pump rate.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cats; Choline; Female; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Hemicholinium 3; Ion Channels; Male; Ouabain; Potassium; Sodium | 1985 |
A-4, a bis tertiary amine derivative of hemicholinium-3 produces in vivo reduction of acetylcholine in rat brain regions.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Brain Mapping; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Hemicholinium 3; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Norepinephrine; Rats; Serotonin | 1987 |
Emesis induced by 4-(m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyltrimethylammonium chloride (McN-A-343): evidence for a predominant central muscarinic M1 mediation.
Topics: (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride; 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine; alpha-Methyltyrosine; Animals; Antazoline; Bretylium Compounds; Cats; Chlorpromazine; Choline; Emetics; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Hexamethonium Compounds; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mecamylamine; Methyltyrosines; Methysergide; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Propranolol; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Receptors, Muscarinic; Reserpine; Yohimbine | 1988 |
Area postrema: cholinergic and noradrenergic regulation of emesis. A new concept.
Topics: (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride; Animals; Brain Stem; Cats; Cerebral Ventricles; Choline; Emetics; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Hydroxydopamines; Male; Norepinephrine; Oxidopamine; Reserpine; Vomiting | 1989 |
Hemicholinium-3-resistant choline uptake system linked to acetylcholine synthesis in the rat hippocampus.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Inhibition of high affinity choline transport attenuates both cholinergic and non-cholinergic effects of ethylcholine aziridinium (AF64A).
Topics: Animals; Aziridines; Azirines; Biogenic Amines; Choline; Cholinergic Fibers; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Male; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Postnatal development of the high-affinity uptake of choline and of the synthesis of acetylcholine in rat heart atria.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Female; Heart; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Myocardium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Trichloroacetic Acid | 1989 |
Effect of early visual pattern deprivation on development and laminar distribution of cholinergic markers in rat visual cortex.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Biological Transport; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Hemicholinium 3; Ocular Physiological Phenomena; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Muscarinic; Sensory Deprivation; Visual Cortex | 1989 |
Acute choline supplementation in vivo enhances acetylcholine synthesis in vitro when neurotransmitter release is increased by potassium.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Effects of AF64A on cholinergic neurotransmission in the sixth abdominal ganglion of the cockroach.
Topics: Abdomen; Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Aziridines; Choline; Cockroaches; Electric Stimulation; Ganglia, Parasympathetic; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Synaptic Transmission | 1989 |
Phospholipid-derived choline intermediates and acetylcholine synthesis in mouse brain synaptosomes.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Aging; Animals; Brain; Choline; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Phosphatidylcholines; Synaptosomes | 1989 |
Hemicholinium-3 prevents the working memory impairments and the cholinergic hypofunction induced by ethylcholine aziridinium ion (AF64A).
Topics: Animals; Aziridines; Choline; Cholinergic Fibers; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Memory Disorders; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Autoradiographic distribution of [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding sites in human brain.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autoradiography; Brain; Choline; Cholinergic Fibers; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Male; Middle Aged | 1989 |
Galanthamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor: a time course of the effects on performance and neurochemical parameters in mice.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Galantamine; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Motor Activity; Psychomotor Performance; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; Time Factors | 1989 |
Choline transport by lung epithelium.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Epithelium; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Lung; Male; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Temperature | 1989 |
Acetylcholine synthesis and secretion by LA-N-2 human neuroblastoma cells.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Cell Line; Choline; Cholinergic Fibers; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Neuroblastoma; Potassium; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Veratridine | 1989 |
Hemicholinium-3 binding sites in rat brain: a quantitative autoradiographic study.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Scopolamine | 1989 |
Specificity of the activation of [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding by phospholipase A2.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Choline; Desipramine; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Mazindol; Phospholipases; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases A2; Phospholipids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptic Membranes; Tritium | 1989 |
Effects of hemicholinium-3 and sodium ions on choline uptake system in excised superior cervical sympathetic ganglia of rats.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Biological Transport; Choline; Denervation; Female; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Male; Nerve Degeneration; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium | 1989 |
Compartment-specific changes in the density of choline and dopamine uptake sites and muscarinic and dopaminergic receptors during the development of the baboon striatum: a quantitative receptor autoradiographic study.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Papio; Pirenzepine; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Muscarinic | 1989 |
Acetylcholine in the posterior hypothalamic nucleus is involved in the elevated blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Blood Pressure; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Hypertension; Hypothalamus; Injections, Intraventricular; Kinetics; Male; Physostigmine; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Cholinergic neurotransmission in human corpus cavernosum. II. Acetylcholine synthesis.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Choline; Electric Stimulation; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Male; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Penis; Synaptic Transmission | 1988 |
Precursors of cholinergic false transmitters: central effects on blood pressure and direct interactions with cholinergic receptors.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Muscarinic; Receptors, Nicotinic; Synaptic Transmission | 1988 |
Effect of blockade of choline uptake by hemicholinium-3 on synaptic output.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Hemicholinium 3; Motor Endplate; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 1988 |
Structure-activity relationship studies of hemicholinium (HC-3) congeners.
Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Neuromuscular Junction; Rabbits; Rats; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Structure-Activity Relationship; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptosomes | 1988 |
The characterization of a sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake system unassociated with acetylcholine biosynthesis.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Transport; Choline; Female; Ganglia; Heart Conduction System; Hemicholinium 3; Horseshoe Crabs; Kinetics; Male; Sodium; Tritium | 1985 |
The action of cholinomimetic and cholinolytic agents, hemicholinium-3 and alpha- and beta-bungarotoxin on the body wall muscle of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Bethanechol; Bethanechol Compounds; Bungarotoxins; Carbachol; Choline; Decamethonium Compounds; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hemicholinium 3; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Mecamylamine; Muscles; Nicotine; Oligochaeta; Parasympatholytics; Parasympathomimetics; Physostigmine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Receptors, Cholinergic; Succinylcholine; Tubocurarine | 1985 |
Release of [3H]acetylcholine from a modified rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Diaphragm; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Denervation; Neuromuscular Junction; Neurotransmitter Agents; Phrenic Nerve; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1986 |
A comparative study of high affinity choline uptake and choline utilization in cholinergic and non-cholinergic tissues.
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Female; Ganglia; Hemicholinium 3; Horseshoe Crabs; Kinetics; Lithium; Male; Ouabain; Parasympathetic Nervous System | 1987 |
Deltamethrin induced changes in choline transport and phosphorylation activities in synaptosomes from the optic lobe of squid, Loligo pealei.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepinones; Calcium; Choline; Convulsants; Decapodiformes; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Insecticides; Nitriles; Phosphorylation; Potassium; Pyrethrins; Synaptosomes; Tetrodotoxin; Verapamil; Veratridine | 1988 |
Isolation and reconstitution of the high-affinity choline carrier.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Grasshoppers; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Liposomes; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Weight; Sodium; Synaptic Membranes; Synaptosomes | 1989 |
Effect of quinolinic acid in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis on cortical high-affinity choline uptake.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Autoradiography; Biological Transport, Active; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Male; Olivary Nucleus; Pyridines; Quinolinic Acid; Quinolinic Acids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Stereotaxic Techniques; Tritium | 1987 |
Evidence for dopamine D-2 receptors on cholinergic interneurons in the rat caudate-putamen.
Topics: Animals; Aziridines; Caudate Nucleus; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Interneurons; Male; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Sulpiride | 1988 |
Effects of electrical stimulation and choline availability on the release and contents of acetylcholine and choline in superfused slices from rat striatum.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Corpus Striatum; Electric Stimulation; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Purinergic; Xanthines | 1985 |
Synaptic vesicle abnormality in familial infantile myasthenia.
Topics: Adult; Child, Preschool; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Male; Membrane Potentials; Myasthenia Gravis; Neuromuscular Junction; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptic Vesicles | 1987 |
Effects of extracellular choline concentration and K+ depolarization on choline kinase and choline acetyltransferase activities in superior cervical sympathetic ganglia excised from rats.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Choline Kinase; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Denervation; Extracellular Space; Female; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Phosphotransferases; Potassium; Potassium Chloride; Quinacrine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium | 1987 |
Development of choline acetyltransferase (CAT) in the sympathetic innervation of rat sweat glands.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Hemicholinium 3; Histocytochemistry; Hydroxydopamines; Naphthylvinylpyridine; Oxidopamine; Rats; Sweat Glands; Sympathetic Nervous System | 1986 |
Characterization and autoradiographic distribution of hemicholinium-3 high-affinity choline uptake sites in mammalian brain.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cholinergic Fibers; Guinea Pigs; Haplorhini; Hemicholinium 3; Kainic Acid; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Cholinergic | 1987 |
The role of calcium in the regulation of [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding sites in rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Calcimycin; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cations, Divalent; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Lanthanum; Male; Metals; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1988 |
Uptake of choline by rat mammary-gland epithelial cells.
Topics: 2,4-Dinitrophenol; Animals; Biological Transport; Choline; Dinitrophenols; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Female; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Mammary Glands, Animal; Milk; Osmolar Concentration; Ouabain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1988 |
Binding of [3H]hemicholinium-3 to the high-affinity choline transporter in electric organ synaptosomal membranes.
Topics: Amino Alcohols; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Biological Transport; Choline; Curare; Electric Organ; Hemicholinium 3; Oxotremorine; Receptors, Cholinergic; Sodium; Synaptic Membranes; Synaptosomes; Torpedo | 1988 |
Affinity labelling and identification of the high-affinity choline carrier from synaptic membranes of Torpedo electromotor nerve terminals with [3H]choline mustard.
Topics: Affinity Labels; Animals; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Electric Organ; Hemicholinium 3; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Weight; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Sodium; Synaptic Membranes; Torpedo | 1988 |
Alterations in acetylcholine metabolism in rat striatal slices by a 4-methyl piperidine analog of hemicholinium-3.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biphenyl Compounds; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Hemicholinium 3; Piperidines; Potassium; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1988 |
Stereoisomers of quaternary and tertiary 4-methyl piperidine analogs of hemicholinium-3.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biphenyl Compounds; Caudate Nucleus; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Piperidines; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sciatic Nerve; Stereoisomerism | 1988 |
Ethanolamine and choline transport in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Biological Transport; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Endothelium, Vascular; Ethanolamine; Ethanolamines; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Sodium | 1988 |
Involvement of phospholipase A2 in the regulation of [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Male; Phospholipases; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases A2; Quinacrine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Synaptic Membranes | 1988 |
Pharmacological characterization of high affinity choline transporters in primary neuronal cultures in rat brain.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Aziridines; Biological Transport, Active; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes | 1988 |
Optical isomers of some piperidine-derived hemicholinium congeners containing secondary alcohol groups: preparation and biological activities.
Topics: Alcohols; Animals; Caudate Nucleus; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Neuromuscular Junction; Piperidines; Rabbits; Rats; Stereoisomerism; Synaptosomes | 1988 |
Kinetics of choline uptake into isolated rat forebrain microvessels: evidence of endocrine modulation.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Blood-Brain Barrier; Choline; Deanol; Diencephalon; Estrus; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Male; Microcirculation; Rats; Telencephalon | 1988 |
Solubilization and characterization of a [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding site in rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Brain; Chlorides; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Deoxycholic Acid; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Solubility; Synaptic Membranes | 1988 |
Sodium dependent uptake of 3H-choline in the cerebral cortex of ageing male rats.
Topics: Aging; Aluminum; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Sodium; Synaptosomes | 1988 |
Methylpiperidine analog of hemicholinium-3: a selective, high affinity non-competitive inhibitor of sodium dependent choline uptake system.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Male; Piperidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Synaptosomes | 1988 |
Hemicholinium-3 binding: correlation with high-affinity choline uptake during changes in cholinergic activity.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Ligands; Male; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Muscarinic; Specimen Handling | 1988 |
Choline and acetylcholine metabolism in slice cultures of the newborn rat septum.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Culture Techniques; Hemicholinium 3; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Septum Pellucidum | 1987 |
Rapid in vitro modulation of [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding sites in rat striatal slices.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Uptake and metabolism of [3H]choline by the rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Diaphragm; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Motor Endplate; Muscle Denervation; Neuromuscular Junction; Phrenic Nerve; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Effect of oxiracetam and piracetam on central cholinergic mechanisms and active-avoidance acquisition.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Male; Piracetam; Pyrrolidines; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1986 |
An autoradiographic study of the development of [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding sites in human and baboon basal ganglia: a marker for the sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake system.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Autoradiography; Basal Ganglia; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cholinergic Fibers; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Papio; Sodium; Species Specificity | 1987 |
Characteristics of [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding to rat striatal membranes: evidence for negative cooperative site-site interactions.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Cell Membrane; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium Chloride; Temperature; Tissue Distribution | 1987 |
Phospholipid metabolism in cancer cells monitored by 31P NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line; Choline; Ethanolamine; Ethanolamines; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phospholipids; Phosphorus | 1987 |
High-affinity uptake of choline, a marker for cholinergic nerve terminals, is not specific in developing rat brain.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Age Factors; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Cholinergic Fibers; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Hydroxybutyrates; In Vitro Techniques; Nerve Endings; Potassium; Rats | 1987 |
Choline increases endogenous GABA release in rat hippocampus by a mechanism sensitive to hemicholinium-3.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Choline; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mecamylamine; Oxotremorine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes | 1987 |
Choline uptake by glomerular synapses isolated from bovine cerebellar vermis.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cerebellum; Choline; Cholinergic Fibers; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Sodium | 1986 |
The effect of hemicholinium-3 and physostigmine on choline in rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Microwaves; Physostigmine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1986 |
Hemicholinium mustard derivatives: preliminary assessment of cholinergic neurotoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Aziridines; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Cholinergic Fibers; Corpus Striatum; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mechlorethamine; Rats | 1986 |
Rapid regulation of [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding sites in the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Brain; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Parasympatholytics; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1986 |
Effects of choline augmentation on acetylcholine synthesis and release in rat atrial minces.
Topics: Acetylation; Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Calcium; Choline; Extracellular Space; Heart Atria; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1986 |
Lesion of nucleus basalis magnocellularis decreases [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding (as measured by autoradiography) in the amygdala and frontal cortex of the rat.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Autoradiography; Binding Sites; Choline; Cholinergic Fibers; Frontal Lobe; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Olivary Nucleus; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1986 |
Amnesia produced by intracerebroventricular injections of hemicholinium-3 in mice was prevented by pretreatment with piracetam-like compounds.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Brain; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Memory; Mice; Pyrrolidinones | 1986 |
Presence of a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake system on cholinergic terminals of rat hippocampus: evidence for neuronal coexistence of acetylcholine and GABA?
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Cholinergic Fibers; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Male; Neurons; Nicotinic Acids; Nipecotic Acids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Regional differences in ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (AF64A)-induced deficits in presynaptic cholinergic markers for the rat central nervous system.
Topics: Animals; Aziridines; Azirines; Brain; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Muscarinic; Tritium | 1985 |
The utilization of ethanolamine and serine for ethanolamine phosphoglyceride synthesis by human Y79 retinoblastoma cells.
Topics: Cell Line; Choline; Ethanolamine; Ethanolamines; Eye Neoplasms; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Kinetics; Phosphates; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Plasmalogens; Retinoblastoma; Serine | 1985 |
Identification of sodium-dependent, high-affinity choline uptake sites in rat brain with [3H]hemicholinium-3.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Male; Rats; Sodium; Tissue Distribution | 1986 |
Cholinergic differentiation of clonal rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) induced by factors contained in glioma-conditioned medium: enhancement of high-affinity choline uptake system and reduction of norepinephrine uptake system.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Choline; Cholinergic Fibers; Clone Cells; Culture Media; Glioma; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Nerve Growth Factors; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Norepinephrine; Pheochromocytoma; Rats; Sodium | 1986 |
Inhibition of high-affinity choline uptake and acetylcholine synthesis by quinuclidinyl and hemicholinium derivatives.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Male; Quinuclidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Structure-Activity Relationship; Synaptosomes; Temperature | 1986 |
Choline uptake and metabolism in affinity-purified cholinergic nerve terminals from rat brain.
Topics: Acetylation; Acetylcholine; Animals; Caudate Nucleus; Choline; Glucose; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Male; Nerve Endings; Oxygen; Phosphorylation; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium | 1986 |
In vivo acetylation of homocholine and beta-methylcholine in rat brain.
Topics: Acetylation; Animals; Brain; Choline; Chromatography, Gas; Hemicholinium 3; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
Choline transport across a carbon tetrachloride phase containing a chloroform-methanol extract of brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Tetrachloride; Cats; Choline; Diffusion; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Models, Neurological; Tritium | 1985 |
Acute effects of cholinesterase inhibitors on uptake of choline in the rat iris.
Topics: Absorption; Animals; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Hemicholinium 3; Iris; Isoflurophate; Kinetics; Ouabain; Physostigmine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Scopolamine | 1985 |
Acetylcholine synthesis by adult bovine adrenal chromaffin cell cultures.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Chromaffin Granules; Chromaffin System; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Potassium; Sodium | 1985 |
Synaptosomal phospholipase D potential role in providing choline for acetylcholine synthesis.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Neostigmine; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipase D; Phospholipases; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Subcellular Fractions; Synaptosomes | 1985 |
Characterization of choline transport at maternal and fetal interfaces of the perfused guinea-pig placenta.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Choline; Ethylmaleimide; Female; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Perfusion; Placenta; Pregnancy; Sodium; Trophoblasts | 1985 |
Action of hemicholinium-3 on phospholipid metabolism in Krebs II ascites cells.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Ethanolamine; Ethanolamines; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Phospholipids; Phosphorylation | 1985 |
Effects of dexamethasone on [3H]choline uptake by rat forebrain synaptosomes.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Choline; Dexamethasone; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Synaptosomes | 1985 |
Characterization of [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding associated with neuronal choline uptake sites in rat brain membranes.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Brain; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Male; Nerve Crush; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Cholinergic; Sodium Chloride; Subcellular Fractions; Synaptosomes | 1985 |
Fine structural localization of 14C-hemicholinium in mammalian motor end plates.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Autoradiography; Axonal Transport; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Microscopy, Electron; Neuromuscular Junction; Rats; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; Schwann Cells; Silver; Staining and Labeling | 1973 |
Transmitter release and recycling of synaptic vesicle membrane at the neuromuscular junction.
Topics: Animals; Anura; Choline; Curare; Glucose; Hemicholinium 3; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Muscles; Nerve Endings; Neuromuscular Junction; Neurotransmitter Agents; Peroxidases; Quantum Theory; Spiders; Staining and Labeling; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptic Vesicles; Time Factors; Venoms | 1974 |
Mechanisms of action of a hemicholinium analogue at the neuromuscular junction.
Topics: Acetylation; Acetylcholine; Animals; Anura; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Cholinesterases; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Neuromuscular Junction; Rats; Synaptosomes | 1972 |
Effect of sodium, hemicholinium-3 and antiparkinson drugs on (14C)acetylcholine synthesis and (3H)choline uptake in rat striatal synaptosomes.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Atropine; Benztropine; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glucose; Hemicholinium 3; Phenothiazines; Pyruvates; Rats; Sodium; Synaptosomes; Trihexyphenidyl | 1973 |
Actions of atropine, hemicholinium-3, and physostigmine on chlorpromazine-induced changes in rat brain monoamines.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Biogenic Amines; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chlorpromazine; Choline; Dopamine; Drug Synergism; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Methyltyrosines; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Norepinephrine; Pargyline; Physostigmine; Rats; Serotonin; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1974 |
Uptake mechanisms for neurotransmitter amines.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Amines; Animals; Binding Sites; Brain; Choline; Denervation; Dopamine; Hemicholinium 3; Mammals; Nerve Endings; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Receptors, Adrenergic; Serotonin; Sympathetic Nervous System; Synaptic Transmission; Tritium | 1974 |
On the site of action of hemicholinium-3 at the rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation with special reference to its multiple presynaptic actions.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diaphragm; Electric Stimulation; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Morpholines; Muscle Contraction; Neuromuscular Junction; Phrenic Nerve; Physostigmine; Rats; Receptors, Drug; Succinylcholine; Synaptic Transmission | 1970 |
Transmission in superior cervical ganglion of the dog after cholinergic suppression.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Ethyl Chloride; Female; Ganglia, Spinal; Ganglionic Stimulants; Hemicholinium 3; Hexamethonium Compounds; Male; Morpholines; Nictitating Membrane; Synaptic Transmission | 1971 |
Effects of stimulation and hemicholinium (HC-3) on the fine structure of nerve endings in the superior cervical ganglion of the cat.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Cats; Choline; Electric Stimulation; Ganglia, Autonomic; Hemicholinium 3; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Nerve Endings; Neurons; Perfusion; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptic Vesicles | 1971 |
Degeneration of taste buds and lateral line organs in the salamander treated with cholinolytic drugs.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Choline; Epithelium; Hemicholinium 3; Mechanoreceptors; Nerve Degeneration; Parasympatholytics; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Taste Buds; Tongue; Urodela | 1972 |
Effect of quaternary ammonium compounds on radiocalcium movements in nerve.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Axons; Binding Sites; Biphenyl Compounds; Calcium; Calcium Isotopes; Choline; Ethers; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; Peripheral Nerves; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rana pipiens; Sciatic Nerve; Synaptic Transmission; Tibial Nerve | 1972 |
The effects of some hemicholinium analogues on acetylcholine metabolism and neuromuscular transmission.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetyltransferases; Acylation; Alkylation; Animals; Anura; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Diaphragm; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Methylation; Muscle Contraction; Neuromuscular Junction; Phrenic Nerve; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptosomes; Tubocurarine | 1972 |
The effect of a hemicholinium analogue, HC-15, of neuromuscular transmission.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Anura; Brain; Cats; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; Morpholines; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Neostigmine; Neuromuscular Junction; Physostigmine; Rats; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors | 1971 |
The effect of intracochlearly administered acetylcholine-blocking agents on the efferent synapses of the cochlea.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cats; Choline; Cochlea; Cochlear Nerve; Curare; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hemicholinium 3; Hexamethonium Compounds; Injections; Labyrinthine Fluids; Mecamylamine; Neural Inhibition; Neurons, Efferent; Strychnine; Succinylcholine; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 1973 |
The inhibition of brain choline kinase by hemicholinium-3.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Paper; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Mathematics; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Phosphotransferases; Rats | 1974 |
[Potentiating effects of choline on the action of phenyl acetate. 5. Effects of inhibitors of acetylcholine liberation].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Cocaine; Cold Temperature; Drug Synergism; Electric Stimulation; Epinephrine; Ganglionic Blockers; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; Histamine; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Nicotine; Norepinephrine; Oxygen; Phenylacetates; Picrates; Piperazines; Procaine; Strychnine; Tetrodotoxin | 1971 |
Experiments on the mechanism of action of caerulein at the level of the guinea-pig ileum and colon.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Choline; Colon; Depression, Chemical; Electric Stimulation; Female; Ganglionic Blockers; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Isotonic Solutions; Methysergide; Muscles; Peptides; Physostigmine; Stimulation, Chemical; Tetrodotoxin | 1970 |
Accumulation of choline by the segmental ganglia of the leech.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Chromatography, Paper; Extracellular Space; Ganglia; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Inulin; Kinetics; Leeches; Mannitol; Organ Size; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Time Factors; Tritium; Water | 1974 |
The infusion of choline into the carotid circulation of the cat.
Topics: Animals; Azo Compounds; Blood Pressure; Body Water; Carbon Radioisotopes; Carotid Arteries; Cats; Choline; Coloring Agents; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Male; Respiration; Time Factors | 1974 |
Choline transport by neuroblastoma cells in tissue culture.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acetyltransferases; Biological Transport; Calcium; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Clone Cells; Culture Media; Culture Techniques; Dinitrophenols; Energy Metabolism; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Lithium; Magnesium; Neuroblastoma; Ouabain; Sodium; Sucrose | 1974 |
Drug-induced depletion of acetylcholine in the rabbit corneal epithelium.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetyltransferases; Animals; Aqueous Humor; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cornea; Epithelium; Fluorescence; Hemicholinium 3; Lighting; Naphthalenes; Neostigmine; Proteins; Pyridines; Rabbits; Time Factors; Vinyl Compounds | 1974 |
Proceedings: Acetylcholine synthesis from (14-C) - choline in isolated segments of guinea-pig ileum.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Norepinephrine; Scopolamine; Tetrodotoxin | 1974 |
Phosphatidohydrolase and base-exchange activity of commercial phospholipase D.
Topics: Calcium; Choline; Drug Stability; Enzyme Activation; Ethanolamines; Hemicholinium 3; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lectins; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipases; Plant Lectins; Plants; Time Factors | 1974 |
Studies on the pharmacology of skeletal muscle in culture: site of action of nicotinic agonists.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Binding Sites; Carbachol; Chick Embryo; Choline; Culture Techniques; Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ganglionic Stimulants; Hemicholinium 3; Hexamethonium Compounds; Membrane Potentials; Muscles; Nerve Endings; Nicotine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 1974 |
Trophic functions of the neuron. VI. Other trophic systems. Inhibition of growth by methadone and other cholinolytic drugs.
Topics: Ambystoma; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cell Differentiation; Choline; Depression, Chemical; Female; Growth; Hemicholinium 3; Larva; Levallorphan; Levorphanol; Male; Methadone; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Naloxone; Parasympatholytics; Regeneration; Taste Buds | 1974 |
Effects of quaternary ammonium compounds on choline entry into the rat diaphragm muscle fibre.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Chromatography, Paper; Decamethonium Compounds; Diaphragm; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Hexamethonium Compounds; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscles; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Spectrophotometry; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Tubocurarine | 1972 |
Choline uptake in myocardial cell cultures.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Choline; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Hemicholinium 3; Lipids; Muscle Proteins; Myocardium; Protein Binding; Solubility; Temperature; Time Factors | 1972 |
Proceedings: Effects of two hemicholiniums on the concentrations of plasma choline in the rabbit.
Topics: Animals; Benzene Derivatives; Blood Pressure; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemicholinium 3; Rabbits; Time Factors | 1972 |
Choline uptake systems of rat brain synaptosomes.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Choline; Chromatography, Paper; Female; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Neostigmine; Nerve Endings; Rats; Sodium; Sucrose; Synaptic Vesicles; Synaptosomes; Time Factors; Tritium | 1973 |
The uptake of hemicholinium-3 by rat brain cortex slices.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Dinitrophenols; Ethylmaleimide; Hemicholinium 3; Hexamethonium Compounds; In Vitro Techniques; Ouabain; Oxotremorine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Time Factors | 1973 |
Enhancement by hemicholinium-3 of choline and acetylcholine excretion by the renal tubule of the chicken.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Aminohippuric Acids; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Carbon Isotopes; Chickens; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Kidney Tubules | 1973 |
Failure of hemicholinium-3 to inhibit the uptake of 3 H-choline in mouse brain in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Benzoates; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Mice; Parasympatholytics; Pyrrolidines; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Tritium | 1973 |
Acetylseco hemicholinium-3, a new choline acetyltransferase inhibitor useful in neuropharmacological studies.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetyltransferases; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Ventricles; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemicholinium 3; Injections; Kinetics; Male; Rats; Time Factors | 1973 |
The accumulation of hemicholinium by tissues that transport choline.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Cats; Choline; Erythrocytes; Ganglia; Hemicholinium 3; Synapses; Synaptosomes; Time Factors; Tritium | 1973 |
The uptake of hemicholinium-3 by rat diaphragm and isolated perfused heart.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Chloromercuribenzoates; Choline; Diaphragm; Dinitrophenols; Ethylmaleimide; Hemicholinium 3; Hexamethonium Compounds; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Myocardium; Ouabain; Perfusion; Phrenic Nerve; Physostigmine; Propranolol; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Temperature; Time Factors | 1973 |
Comparative studies on synaptosomes: uptake of (N-Me-3H)choline by synaptosomes from squid optic lobes.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Choline; Cyanides; Decapodiformes; Dinitrophenols; Hemicholinium 3; Hypotonic Solutions; Kinetics; Levorphanol; Micropore Filters; Morphinans; Optic Lobe, Nonmammalian; Ouabain; Potassium Isotopes; Radioisotopes; Seawater; Sodium; Species Specificity; Surface-Active Agents; Synaptosomes; Temperature; Tritium | 1973 |
Studies related to the cholinergic influence on the accumulation and disappearance of monoamines in rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Biogenic Amines; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Dopamine; Female; Haloperidol; Hemicholinium 3; Methyltyrosines; Norepinephrine; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Pargyline; Physostigmine; Rats; Reserpine; Serotonin; Spectrometry, Fluorescence | 1973 |
Inhibition by hemicholinium-3 of (14C)acetylcholine synthesis and (3H)choline high-affinity uptake in rat striatal synaptosomes.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Glucose; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Male; Physostigmine; Pyruvates; Rats; Synaptosomes; Temperature; Time Factors; Tritium | 1973 |
Release of acetylcholine from hippocampal slices by potassium depolarization: dependence on high affinity choline uptake.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Male; Membrane Potentials; Potassium; Rats; Receptors, Cholinergic; Septum Pellucidum; Sodium; Tritium | 1974 |
Effect of hemicholinium-3 on tubular transport and metabolism of choline in the perfused rat kidney.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Kidney Tubules; Male; Perfusion; Rats; Time Factors | 1974 |
Acetylcholine synthesis from recaptured choline by a sympathetic ganglion.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Assay; Cats; Choline; Electric Stimulation; Ganglia, Autonomic; Hemicholinium 3; Hydrolysis; In Vitro Techniques; Neostigmine; Sympathetic Nervous System; Tritium | 1974 |
Incorporation in vitro of ( 14 C)choline into phosphatidylcholine of rat brain synaptosomes and the effect of calcium ions.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Calcium; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Magnesium; Nerve Endings; Phosphatidylcholines; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Synaptic Vesicles; Synaptosomes | 1972 |
An electrophysiological analysis of the synthesis of acetylcholine in preganglionic nerve terminals.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Electric Stimulation; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Nerve Endings; Physostigmine; Time Factors | 1972 |
The metabolite formed during choline transfer by the intestine.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cricetinae; Electrophoresis; Hemicholinium 3; Intestinal Absorption | 1972 |
Hydrocortisone and the concentration of choline in the plasma of rodents.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Female; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; Hydrocortisone; Male; Mice; Rabbits; Time Factors | 1972 |
Uptake of ( 3 H-methyl)choline by microsomal, synaptosomal, mitochondrial and synaptic vesicle fractions of rat brain. The effects of hemicholinium.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Biological Transport, Active; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebellum; Choline; Coenzyme A; Hemicholinium 3; Liver; Male; Microsomes; Mitochondria; Muscles; Rats; Synaptic Vesicles; Tritium | 1972 |
Effects of hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) on in vivo incorporation of 14 C-choline into rat liver microsomal phospholipid.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipids; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Tubocurarine | 1972 |
Metabolism and transfer of choline in hamster small intestine.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Paper; Cricetinae; Depression, Chemical; Electrophoresis; Glycosides; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small | 1972 |
Demonstration of acetylcholine release by measuring efflux of labelled choline from cerebral cortical slices.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Perfusion; Rats; Tetrodotoxin; Tritium | 1972 |
Intestinal transfer of choline in rat and hamster.
Topics: Air; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Carbachol; Choline; Chromatography; Cricetinae; Decamethonium Compounds; Diffusion; Glycosides; Hemicholinium 3; Hexamethonium Compounds; Ileum; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Jejunum; Male; Mannitol; Mannose; Methionine; Physostigmine; Rats; Serous Membrane; Tetraethylammonium Compounds | 1971 |
Synthesis and release of ( 14 C)acetylcholine in synaptosomes.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Cholinesterases; Chromatography, Paper; Cytoplasmic Granules; Electrophoresis; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Neostigmine; Nerve Endings; Neuromuscular Junction; Ouabain; Potassium; Rats; Sodium; Synapses; Synaptic Vesicles; Time Factors | 1971 |
Effects of tremorine, physostigmine and tremor blocking drugs on brain monoamines.
Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites; Atropine; Brain; Choline; Drug Antagonism; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Norepinephrine; Physostigmine; Rats; Serotonin; Tremor; Tremorine | 1971 |
The incorporation of triethylcholine into isolated guinea pig cerebral cortex synaptosoma and synaptic vesicle fractions.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dogs; Electrophoresis, Paper; Female; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Male; Nerve Endings; Proteins; Synaptic Vesicles; Synaptosomes; Temperature; Time Factors; Tritium | 1971 |
Autonomic receptors and choline uptake in embryonic chick myocardial cell cultures.
Topics: Animals; Bretylium Compounds; Carbon Isotopes; Chick Embryo; Choline; Culture Techniques; Hemicholinium 3; Isoproterenol; Myocardium; Nicotine; Phentolamine; Propranolol; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Drug; Scopolamine; Temperature; Tyramine | 1971 |
Effect of cholinergic and cholinergic blocking drugs on decamethonium uptake by slices of mouse kidney.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Choline; Decamethonium Compounds; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Mice; Neostigmine; Physostigmine; Stimulation, Chemical | 1971 |
The effects of some hemicholinium-like substances on the chick biventer cervicis muscle preparation.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Bretylium Compounds; Carbachol; Chickens; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Electric Stimulation; Hemicholinium 3; Morpholines; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Neostigmine; Nerve Endings; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Tubocurarine | 1969 |
The site of action and active form of local anesthetics. II. Experiments with quaternary compounds.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Axons; Cell Membrane; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lidocaine; Mollusca; Neurons; Time Factors | 1970 |
The effect of hemicholinium-3 on the in vivo formation of cerebral phosphatidylcholine.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Caudate Nucleus; Centrifugation, Zonal; Choline; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dogs; Hemicholinium 3; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Lysosomes; Microsomes; Mitochondria; Morpholines; Nerve Endings; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipids; Plasmalogens; Sphingomyelins; Time Factors | 1970 |
Studies on the [3H] choline uptake in rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Amides; Animals; Bretylium Compounds; Calcium; Chloromercuribenzoates; Choline; Chromatography, Paper; Depression, Chemical; Diaphragm; Ethylmaleimide; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Magnesium; Motor Neurons; Muscles; Neuromuscular Junction; Ouabain; Phrenic Nerve; Potassium; Rats; Temperature; Tritium; Tubocurarine | 1970 |
The ability of various nicotinic agents to release acetylcholine from synaptic vesicles.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Autonomic Fibers, Postganglionic; Bromides; Carbachol; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Cytoplasmic Granules; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Nicotine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Synapses; Synaptic Vesicles | 1970 |
Neurochemical and structural studies on the mechanism of action of hemicholinium-3 in central cholinergic synapses.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acyltransferases; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Histocytochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Monoamine Oxidase; Morpholines; Nerve Endings; Phosphates; Phospholipids; Phosphorus Isotopes; Rats; Receptors, Drug; Synaptic Membranes; Synaptic Vesicles | 1970 |
Effect of hemicholinium-3 on choline distribution in vivo in the canine caudate nucleus.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Autoradiography; Carbon Isotopes; Caudate Nucleus; Cell Fractionation; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Paper; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cytosine Nucleotides; Dogs; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Lysosomes; Male; Microsomes; Mitochondria; Morpholines; Nerve Endings; Phosphatidylcholines; Time Factors | 1970 |
Acetylcholine metabolism at vertebrate neuromuscular junctions.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Choline; Diaphragm; Hemicholinium 3; Neuromuscular Junction; Phrenic Nerve | 1970 |
A procedure for the measurement of hemicholinium-3 in brain tissue.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Ventricles; Choline; Female; Fluorescence; Fluorometry; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Methods; Morpholines; Perfusion; Physostigmine; Pons; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rabbits; Rats; Spectrophotometry; Tetraethylammonium Compounds | 1971 |
[The effect of substances specifically depressing acetylcholine synthesis on the action of pharmacologically choline positive agents].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Amino Alcohols; Animals; Anura; Autonomic Agents; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Morpholines; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Muscles; Neostigmine; Nicotine; Nicotinic Acids; Physostigmine; Stomach | 1968 |
Spontaneous and evoked release of acetylcholine and a cholinergic false transmitter from brain slices: comparison to true and false transmitter in subcellular stores.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Neurotransmitter Agents; Physostigmine; Potassium; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1980 |
The effects of Al3+, Cd2+ and Mn2+ on human erythrocyte choline transport.
Topics: Aluminum; Biological Transport; Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase; Cadmium; Calcium-Transporting ATPases; Choline; Erythrocytes; Hemicholinium 3; Hemolysis; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Manganese; Potassium; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase | 1983 |
Cholinergic synaptic vesicles isolated from Torpedo marmorata: demonstration of acetylcholine and choline uptake in an in vitro system.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Fractionation; Choline; Electric Organ; Fishes; Glucose; Gramicidin; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Receptors, Cholinergic; Sodium; Synaptic Vesicles | 1980 |
Effects of hemicholinium-3 and choline on hippocampal electrical activity during immobility vs. movement.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Choline; Electric Stimulation; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Immobilization; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Motor Activity; Rats | 1980 |
Choline uptake by the neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid, NG108-15.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Bucladesine; Cell Line; Choline; Clone Cells; Glioma; Hemicholinium 3; Hybrid Cells; Kinetics; Mice; Neuroblastoma; Sodium | 1980 |
High-affinity [3H]choline accumulation in cultured human skin fibroblasts.
Topics: Adult; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Line; Choline; Dinitrophenols; Fibroblasts; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Ouabain; Skin; Sodium; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Tritium | 1981 |
An in vitro study of hemicholinium-3 on phospholipid metabolism of Krebs II ascites cells.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carcinoma, Krebs 2; Choline; Choline Kinase; Ethanolamine; Ethanolamines; Female; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Liver; Mice; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipids; Phosphotransferases | 1983 |
The effect of choline mustard on the rat superior cervical ganglia.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Rats; Sodium; Synaptic Transmission | 1983 |
Radioactive choline uptake in the isolated rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation. A biochemical and autoradiographic study.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Calcium; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Diaphragm; Electric Stimulation; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Motor Endplate; Neuromuscular Junction; Phrenic Nerve; Rats; Sodium; Thermodynamics | 1984 |
An in vivo cholinergic influence on the retention of [3H]noradrenaline in regional brain synaptosomes.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution | 1984 |
Quantitative autoradiography of [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding sites in rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Binding Sites; Brain; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Rats; Sodium | 1984 |
Veratridine-induced release of acetylcholine from mouse forebrain minces: dependence on the hydrolysis of cytoplasmic acetylcholine for a source of choline.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain; Choline; Drug Interactions; Hemicholinium 3; Hydrolysis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Potassium; Veratridine; Veratrine | 1984 |
Sodium-dependent high-affinity binding of [3H]hemicholinium-3 in the rat brain: a potentially selective marker for presynaptic cholinergic sites.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Cell Membrane; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Cholinergic; Sodium Chloride; Synapses; Tissue Distribution | 1984 |
Choline uptake by lipid liposomes and its diffusion across chloroform are saturable and inhibited by hemicholinium-3.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Chloroform; Choline; Diffusion; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Liposomes; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipids | 1984 |
Depletion of total acetylcholine by hemicholinium-3 in isolated rat diaphragm is less in the presence of dexamethasone.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Transport; Choline; Denervation; Dexamethasone; Diaphragm; Female; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Motor Endplate; Neuromuscular Junction; Rats | 1984 |
Ethanolamine inhibits choline uptake in the isolated hamster heart.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Cricetinae; Cytidine Diphosphate Choline; Ethanolamine; Ethanolamines; Heart; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Mesocricetus; Myocardium; Perfusion; Phosphatidylcholines | 1984 |
Interactions of cholinesterase inhibitors and glucocorticoids with ketamine and pentobarbitone-induced general anaesthesia in the rat: possible effects on central cholinergic activity.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Anesthesia, General; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dexamethasone; Drug Interactions; Female; Glucocorticoids; Hemicholinium 3; Ketamine; Neostigmine; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Pentobarbital; Rats | 1984 |
Acetylation of some novel hemicholinium compounds by soluble choline acetyltransferase: structure-activity relationships.
Topics: Acetylation; Animals; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1984 |
Dithiobiuret-induced muscle weakness in rats: evidence for a prejunctional effect.
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Acetylcholine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Bungarotoxins; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Muscular Diseases; Neuromuscular Junction; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thiourea | 1982 |
Synthesis and biological activity of a 2-bromoethylamine (mustard) derivative of hemicholinium-3 and hemicholinium-15.
Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Protein Binding; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1983 |
The responsiveness of human eccrine sweat glands to choline and carbachol. Application to the study of peripheral cholinergic functioning in Alzheimer-type dementia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Carbachol; Choline; Dementia; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Eccrine Glands; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Male; Sex Factors; Sweat Glands; Time Factors | 1983 |
Alteration of retinal choline metabolism in an experimental model for photoreceptor cell degeneration.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Choline; Eye Proteins; Glycerol; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipids; Photoreceptor Cells; Rabbits; Retina; Retinal Degeneration | 1983 |
Choline availability: effects on the toxicity of centrally active drugs.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Agents; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Convulsants; Diet; Drug Interactions; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Nicotine; Rats; Species Specificity | 1982 |
Neurochemical characterization of an antimony-choline analog in rat cortical synaptosomes.
Topics: Acetyl Coenzyme A; Acetylation; Animals; Antimony; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Choline Kinase; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Organometallic Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sodium; Synaptosomes | 1982 |
Functional evidence for the presence of cholinergic nerve endings in the colonic mucosa of the rat.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Calcium; Choline; Colon; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Mucosa; Magnesium; Male; Nerve Endings; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tetrodotoxin; Verapamil | 1982 |
Uptake and metabolism of choline by the embryonic heart of the chick in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites; Chick Embryo; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cold Temperature; Glutamates; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Muscle Proteins; Myocardium; Sodium; Thymidine | 1982 |
Peripheral toxicity of hemicholinium-3 in mice.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Respiration; Time Factors | 1982 |
Contractions of canine intrapulmonary airways and their dependence on choline uptake.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Airway Resistance; Animals; Choline; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Muscle, Smooth; Neostigmine; Physostigmine; Respiratory System | 1982 |
Potassium activation of [3H]-choline accumulation by isolated sympathetic ganglia of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Denervation; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Magnesium; Male; Potassium; Rats; Sodium; Temperature; Time Factors | 1982 |
Antagonism of methylphenidate-induced behavior by neostigmine or hemicholinium-3.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Male; Methylphenidate; Motor Activity; Neostigmine; Rats; Stereotyped Behavior | 1981 |
Beta-bungarotoxin stimulates the synthesis and accumulation of acetylcholine in rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparations.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Botulinum Toxins; Bungarotoxins; Cations, Divalent; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Diaphragm; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Denervation; Neuromuscular Junction; Rats; Spider Venoms; Stimulation, Chemical | 1981 |
[(3)H]Choline uptake and metabolism in nonsynaptic regions of a crustacean sensory nerve.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Axons; Brachyura; Choline; Dendrites; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Male; Neurons; Phosphorylcholine; Sense Organs; Stomach | 1981 |
Acetylcholine turnover and compartmentation in rat brain synaptosomes.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain; Cell Compartmentation; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Magnesium; Male; Paraoxon; Physostigmine; Rats; Synaptosomes | 1981 |
Choline inhibits acetylcholine release via presynaptic muscarine receptors.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Muscle Contraction; Myenteric Plexus; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Muscarinic; Scopolamine; Tritium | 1981 |
Influence of choline, hemicholinium-3 and naphthylvinylpyridine on uptake and acetylation of 3H-labeled choline into hippocampus slices.
Topics: Acetylation; Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Naphthylvinylpyridine; Pyridines; Rats | 1981 |
High affinity choline uptake and acetylcholine release by guinea pig neocortex synaptosomes: inhibition by adenosine derivatives.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adenosine; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Potassium; Synaptosomes | 1981 |
Hemicholinium 3-bromo mustard: a new high affinity inhibitor of sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Depression, Chemical; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Synaptosomes | 1981 |
Development and aging of cholinergic synapses. VI. Mechanisms of acetylcholine biosynthesis in the chick iris.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Aging; Animals; Chick Embryo; Chickens; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cold Temperature; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Iris; Ouabain; Sodium; Synapses | 1981 |
The effect of troxypyrrolidinium, a choline uptake inhibitor, on the excitatory innervation of the rat urinary bladder.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Drug Interactions; Electric Stimulation; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Muscle Contraction; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Scopolamine; Time Factors; Urinary Bladder | 1980 |
Effects of lithium chloride on the cholinergic system in different brain regions in mice.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain; Choline; Cholinesterases; Drug Interactions; Hemicholinium 3; Lithium; Male; Mice; Parasympathetic Nervous System | 1980 |
Developmental studies of the uptake of choline, GABA and dopamine by crude synaptosomal preparations after in vivo or in vitro lead treatment.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Biological Transport; Body Weight; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hemicholinium 3; Organ Size; Ouabain; Rats; Synaptosomes | 1980 |
Carrier-mediated inhibition of choline acetyltransferase.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Aziridines; Biological Transport; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Frontal Lobe; Hemicholinium 3; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Synaptosomes | 1980 |
Synthesis, biological activity, and structure--activity/toxicity relationships of a series of terphenyl analogues of hemicholinium-3 and acetyl-seco-hemicholinium-3. 3.
Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Neostigmine; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1980 |
The effects of hemicholinium-3 on synaptic depression, facilitation, and post-tetanic potentiation at an identified synapse of Aplysia californica.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Aplysia; Calcium; Choline; Electric Stimulation; Hemicholinium 3; Receptors, Cholinergic; Synapses | 1980 |
Effect of methylmercury on brain acetylcholine concentration and turnover in mice.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzylidene Compounds; Brain; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Corpus Striatum; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Methylmercury Compounds; Mice; Pyridines | 1980 |
Solubilizaiton of the choline transport system and re-incorporation into artificial membranes.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Liposomes; Mice; Swine; Synaptosomes; Valinomycin | 1980 |
Neuronal uptake of choline following release of acetylcholine in the perfused heart.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Chickens; Choline; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Myocardium; Perfusion; Physostigmine; Sodium; Vagus Nerve | 1980 |
Regulation of phospholipid metabolism in differentiating cells from rat brain cerebral hemispheres in culture: ontogenesis of carrier-specific transport of choline and N-methyl-substituted choline analogs.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Deanol; Embryo, Mammalian; Ethanolamines; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Phospholipids; Rats | 1980 |
The effect of acetylcholine release on choline fluxes in isolated synaptic terminals.
Topics: Acetylation; Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Transport; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Erythrocytes; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Potassium; Synaptosomes | 1981 |
Early increase in choline kinase activity upon induction of the H-ras oncogene in mouse fibroblast cell lines.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Animals; Choline; Choline Kinase; Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase; Gene Expression; Genes, ras; Hemicholinium 3; Mice; Nucleotidyltransferases; Phosphatidylcholines; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Time Factors; Type C Phospholipases | 1995 |
Reciprocal regulation of choline acetyltransferase and choline kinase in sympathetic neurons during cholinergic differentiation.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Choline Kinase; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cytidine Diphosphate Choline; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Hemicholinium 3; Homeostasis; Neurons; Phosphatidylcholines; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium; Tretinoin; Tritium | 1995 |
Regulation of hemicholinium-3 sensitive choline uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes by the second C2 domain of synaptotagmin.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; DNA, Complementary; Female; Genetic Code; Hemicholinium 3; Membrane Glycoproteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Oocytes; Protein Kinase C; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Synaptotagmins; Xenopus laevis | 1995 |
Effect of hemicholinium-3 on the hypothalamic concentration of a cytochemically detectable glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-stimulating substance.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Blood Pressure; Choline; Enzyme Activation; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hypertension; Hypothalamus; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Intraventricular; Kidney; Male; Osmosis; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR | 1994 |
Choline- and acetylcholine-induced changes in the morphology of Fusarium graminearum: evidence for the involvement of the choline transport system and acetylcholinesterase.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Acetylglucosamine; Betaine; Biological Transport; Cell Wall; Chitin Synthase; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Ethanolamine; Ethanolamines; Fungal Proteins; Fusarium; Hemicholinium 3; Mechlorethamine; Membrane Proteins; Mutagenesis; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 1995 |
Hemicholinium-3 (HC3) blocks the effects of ethylcholine mustard aziridinium (AF64A) in the developing rat.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aziridines; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Rats | 1994 |
Use of C1300 neuroblastoma cells to evaluate the protective value of hexamethonium, trimethaphan, hemicholinium, and triethylcholine against diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate toxicity.
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Choline; Cholinergic Antagonists; Cholinesterase Reactivators; DNA, Neoplasm; Hemicholinium 3; Hexamethonium; Isoflurophate; Mice; Neoplasm Proteins; Neuroblastoma; Pralidoxime Compounds; RNA, Neoplasm; Trimethaphan; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1995 |
Selective cortical decrease of high-affinity choline uptake carrier in Alzheimer's disease: an autoradiographic study using 3H-hemicholinium-3.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Autoradiography; Biological Transport; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Male; Tritium | 1994 |
Age-related changes of cholinergic markers in the rat brain.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Aging; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Biomarkers; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Muscarinic; Sodium | 1994 |
Increase of acetylcholine release by nebracetam in dog cardiac sympathetic ganglion.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Bethanechol; Bethanechol Compounds; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Dogs; Drug Interactions; Heart; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Molecular Structure; Psychotropic Drugs; Pyrrolidinones; Stellate Ganglion; Synaptic Transmission | 1994 |
Transport mechanism of an H1-antagonist at the blood-brain barrier: transport mechanism of mepyramine using the carotid injection technique.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Carotid Artery, Common; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Male; Pyrilamine; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1994 |
Regulation of rat brain synaptosomal [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding and [3H]choline transport sites following exposure to choline mustard aziridinium ion.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Kinetics; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes; Tritium | 1994 |
Cholinergic markers in degenerative parkinsonism: autoradiographic demonstration of high-affinity choline uptake carrier hyperactivity.
Topics: Aged; Autoradiography; Biomarkers; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Humans; Male; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Parkinson Disease; Receptors, Muscarinic | 1994 |
Overexpression of the high affinity choline transporter in cortical regions affected by Alzheimer's disease. Evidence from rapid autopsy studies.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Autopsy; Carrier Proteins; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Middle Aged; Parasympathetic Nervous System | 1994 |
Stimulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis by hemicholinium-3, a potent inhibitor of choline uptake in human leukemic monocyte-like U937 cells.
Topics: Biological Transport; Cell Compartmentation; Choline; Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase; Cytosol; Enzyme Activation; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Monocytes; Nucleotidyltransferases; Phosphatidylcholines; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1994 |
'Choline/orphan V8-2-1/creatine transporter' mRNA is expressed in nervous, renal and gastrointestinal systems.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Cell Line; Chlorocebus aethiops; Choline; Creatine; Digestive System; DNA, Complementary; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Kidney; Membrane Transport Proteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Oocytes; Organ Specificity; Plasma Membrane Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Symporters; Xenopus | 1994 |
Two pathways for choline transport in eel erythrocytes: a saturable carrier and a volume-activated channel.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Choline; Eels; Erythrocytes; Hemicholinium 3; Nitrobenzoates; Osmolar Concentration; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Taurine | 1994 |
Stereoselectivity of the inhibition of [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding to the sodium-dependent high-affinity choline transporter by the enantiomers of alpha- and beta-methylcholine.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Calcium; Carrier Proteins; Cations, Divalent; Cell Membrane; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Hemicholinium 3; Magnesium; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Synaptosomes; Tritium | 1994 |
Multiple cholinergic markers are unexpectedly not altered in the rat dentate gyrus following entorhinal cortex lesions.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Autoradiography; Biomarkers; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Electric Stimulation; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Receptors, Nicotinic; Time Factors; Tritium | 1994 |
Effects of supplemental choline on extracellular acetylcholine in the nucleus accumbens during normal behavior and pharmacological acetylcholine depletion.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bicuculline; Biological Transport; Choline; Extracellular Space; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stimulation, Chemical | 1994 |
Effects of IGF-1, truncated IGF-1 and the tripeptide Gly-Pro-Glu on acetylcholine release from parietal cortex of rat brain.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligopeptides; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Parietal Lobe; Phosphatidylinositols; Potassium; Rats; Receptors, Muscarinic; Synapses | 1993 |
Transport mechanism of choline in rat renal brush-border membrane.
Topics: 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate; Animals; Biological Transport; Choline; Deanol; Ethanolamine; Ethanolamines; Hemicholinium 3; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney Cortex; Male; Microvilli; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stereoisomerism; Tetraethylammonium; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Thiamine | 1993 |
Transport of choline by Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Azides; Biological Transport; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Choline; Dogs; Epithelium; Hemicholinium 3; Kidney; Kinetics; Phosphates; Potassium Chloride; Sodium; Sodium Azide; Tetraethylammonium; Tetraethylammonium Compounds | 1993 |
Modulation of high-affinity choline carrier activity following incubation of rat hippocampal synaptosomes with hemicholinium-3.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Membrane Transport Proteins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes | 1993 |
The cation receptor subsite of the choline transporter in preimplantation mouse conceptuses resembles a cation receptor subsite of several amino acid transporters.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems; Animals; Binding Sites; Blastocyst; Carrier Proteins; Cations; Choline; Embryonic Development; Female; Harmaline; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Pregnancy; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Tritium | 1993 |
Cholinergic lesions of mouse striatum induced by AF64A alter D2 dopaminergic behavior and reduce D2 dopamine receptors and D2 dopamine receptor mRNA.
Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Aziridines; Behavior, Animal; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Stereotyped Behavior; Toxins, Biological | 1993 |
Direct cytotoxicity of ethylcholine mustard aziridinium in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells.
Topics: Animals; Aziridines; Biological Transport; Brain; Cattle; Cell Death; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Endothelium, Vascular; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Microcirculation; Neuroblastoma; Toxins, Biological; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1993 |
Actions of a monoclonal antibody Tor 23 on rat brain presynaptic cholinergic processes.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Cell Membrane; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Nerve Endings; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1993 |
Inhibition of choline uptake in syncytial microvillus membrane vesicles of human term placenta. Specificity and nature of interaction.
Topics: Atropine; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Cholinergic Antagonists; Cimetidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Famotidine; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Membrane Transport Proteins; Microvilli; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Placenta; Pregnancy; Ranitidine; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Trophoblasts | 1995 |
Identification and partial characterization of the high-affinity choline carrier from rat brain striatum.
Topics: Animals; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Rats; Synaptosomes | 1996 |
Synthesis and release of acetylcholine by the isolated perifused trout caudal neurosecretory system.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Neurosecretory Systems; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Perfusion; Urotensins | 1996 |
Intracerebroventricular injection of choline increases plasma oxytocin levels in conscious rats.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mecamylamine; Oxytocin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reference Values; Saline Solution, Hypertonic | 1996 |
Monoethylcholine as a false transmitter precursor at the frog and mouse neuromuscular junctions.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Edrophonium; Electric Stimulation; Hemicholinium 3; Methylamines; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neostigmine; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; Neuromuscular Junction; Neurotransmitter Agents; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Piperidines; Prodrugs; Rana pipiens | 1996 |
Effects of chlorpyrifos on high-affinity choline uptake and [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding in rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Chlorpyrifos; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Muscarinic; Tritium | 1996 |
In vitro effects of arachidonic and L-glutamic acids on the high-affinity choline transport in rat hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Choline; Female; Glutamic Acid; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Linear Models; Male; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1997 |
The presynaptic component of a cholinergic mechanism in the carotid body chemotransduction of hypoxia in the cat.
Topics: Acetyl Coenzyme A; Acetylcholine; Animals; Azepines; Carotid Body; Carrier Proteins; Cats; Cell Hypoxia; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glossopharyngeal Nerve; Hemicholinium 3; Hypoxia; Membrane Transport Proteins; Models, Neurological; Naphthylvinylpyridine; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Piperidines; Pyridines; Receptors, Presynaptic; Signal Transduction; Synaptic Vesicles | 1996 |
Relations between the extracellular concentrations of choline and acetylcholine in rat striatum.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Atropine; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Agonists; Dopamine Antagonists; Extracellular Space; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Male; Oxotremorine; Pentobarbital; Phenethylamines; Physostigmine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reference Values; Time Factors | 1997 |
Centrally administered choline increases plasma prolactin levels in conscious rats.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mecamylamine; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Prolactin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors | 1997 |
Characterization of human erythrocyte choline transport in chronic renal failure.
Topics: Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Cell Membrane; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Erythrocytes; Ethylmaleimide; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kinetics; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Polyamines; Quinine; Renal Dialysis | 1997 |
Transport of choline in rat brain slices.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Artifacts; Binding, Competitive; Biosensing Techniques; Caudate Nucleus; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Cholinergic Fibers; Diffusion; Gels; Hemicholinium 3; Hypothalamus, Anterior; Male; Organ Culture Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sepharose | 1997 |
Sodium-dependent and -independent choline uptake by type II epithelial cells from rat lung.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Epithelial Cells; Hemicholinium 3; Isotope Labeling; Kinetics; Lithium; Lung; Magnesium; Male; Potassium; Rats; Sodium; Time Factors; Tritium | 1998 |
Choline administration reverses hypotension in spinal cord transected rats: the involvement of vasopressin.
Topics: Animals; Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; Arginine Vasopressin; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Cerebral Ventricles; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart Rate; Hemicholinium 3; Hormone Antagonists; Hypotension; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries; Time Factors; Vasopressins | 1998 |
AF64A-induced changes in N-myc expression in the LA-N-2 human neuroblastoma cell line are modulated by choline and hemicholinium-3.
Topics: Aziridines; Cell Division; Cell Survival; Choline; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Kinetics; Neuroblastoma; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1998 |
Effects of K+-depolarization, arachidonic acid, ethanol, and aging on the high-affinity choline transport in rat hippocampus.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Biological Transport; Choline; Ethanol; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Male; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1998 |
Increased synthesis of phosphocholine is required for UV-induced AP-1 activation.
Topics: Animals; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; Cell Line; Choline; Choline Kinase; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hemicholinium 3; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Mice; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Phosphorylcholine; Transcription Factor AP-1; Ultraviolet Rays | 1998 |
Conductive choline transport by alveolar epithelial plasma membrane vesicles.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane; Choline; Electrophysiology; Epithelial Cells; Hemicholinium 3; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pulmonary Alveoli; Sodium; Sodium Radioisotopes; Swine; Tritium | 1998 |
Regulation of the choline transport system in superfused microcarrier cultures of BeWo cells.
Topics: Bethanechol; Biological Transport; Choline; Choriocarcinoma; Drug Carriers; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Microvilli; Naphthalenes; Neostigmine; Nicotine; Physostigmine; Piperidines; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Trophoblasts; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Uterine Neoplasms | 1998 |
The effects of choline on body temperature in conscious rats.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Body Temperature; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Intraventricular; Muscarinic Antagonists; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Cholinergic; Temperature | 1998 |
Postnatal development of muscarinic autoreceptors in the rat brain: lateral and medial septal nuclei and the diagonal band of Broca.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Age Factors; Animals; Autoreceptors; Biological Transport; Calcium; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Electric Stimulation; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Muscarinic Agonists; Neurons; Oxotremorine; Physostigmine; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Muscarinic; Septal Nuclei; Tetrodotoxin; Tritium | 1999 |
The involvement of protein kinase C in the regulation of choline cotransport in Limulus.
Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acids; Biological Transport; Brain; Carcinogens; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hemicholinium 3; Horseshoe Crabs; Nervous System; Organ Culture Techniques; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases A2; Potassium Chloride; Protein Kinase C; Quinacrine; Staurosporine; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Tritium | 1999 |
Blood-brain barrier choline transport in the senescent rat.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344 | 1999 |
Identification and characterization of the high-affinity choline transporter.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Caenorhabditis elegans; Carrier Proteins; Cell Membrane; CHO Cells; Choline; Cloning, Molecular; Cricetinae; DNA, Complementary; Hemicholinium 3; Membrane Transport Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Oocytes; Organ Specificity; Phylogeny; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Sodium | 2000 |
Role of high-affinity choline uptake on extracellular choline and acetylcholine evoked by NMDA.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Drug Synergism; Extracellular Space; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Kinetics; Male; Microdialysis; Multivariate Analysis; N-Methylaspartate; Neostigmine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tritium | 2000 |
Modulation of acetylcholinesterase and voltage-gated Na(+) channels in choline acetyltransferase- transfected neuroblastoma clones.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Brain; Cell Differentiation; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Clone Cells; Hemicholinium 3; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Neuroblastoma; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Receptors, Muscarinic; Recombinant Proteins; Sodium Channels; Transfection; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2000 |
Study of the bidirectional transport of choline by blocking choline carriers from outside or inside brain nerve terminals.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain Chemistry; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Neocortex; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Perfusion; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes; Tritium | 2000 |
Molecular cloning of a human, hemicholinium-3-sensitive choline transporter.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2; Cloning, Molecular; COS Cells; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Ligands; Membrane Transport Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Oocytes; Protein Binding; Radiation Hybrid Mapping; RNA, Messenger; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Transfection; Xenopus laevis | 2000 |
Sequential changes of cholinergic and dopaminergic receptors in brains after 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial forebrain bundle in rats.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Antagonists; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Medial Forebrain Bundle; Muscarinic Agonists; Nerve Degeneration; Oxidopamine; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; Raclopride; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Substantia Nigra; Sympatholytics; Tritium | 2000 |
Effects of perinatal nicotine exposure on development of [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding sites in rat neonate brain.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Binding Sites; Brain; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Ganglionic Stimulants; Hemicholinium 3; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tritium | 2000 |
Antagonistic and synergistic effects of combined treatment with interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 on mixed retinal cell cultures.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Chelating Agents; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Egtazic Acid; Enzyme Inhibitors; Genistein; Hemicholinium 3; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-4; Neutralization Tests; Protein Kinase C; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Retina; Tritium | 2001 |
Characterization of the blood-brain barrier choline transporter using the in situ rat brain perfusion technique.
Topics: Animals; Blood Proteins; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Cesium; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Perfusion; Plasma Membrane Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins; Rats; Sodium; Symporters; Tissue Distribution | 2001 |
Hemicholinium-3 mustard reveals two populations of cycling choline cotransporters in Limulus.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Benzophenanthridines; Binding, Competitive; Biological Transport; Carcinogens; Carrier Proteins; Cell Membrane; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Cholinergic Fibers; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Ganglia, Invertebrate; Hemicholinium 3; Horseshoe Crabs; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Phenanthridines; Potassium Chloride; Protein Kinase C; Sodium; Staurosporine; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Tritium | 2001 |
Transport of choline and its relationship to the expression of the organic cation transporters in a rat brain microvessel endothelial cell line (RBE4).
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Brain Stem; Carrier Proteins; Cell Line; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Choline; Clonidine; Endothelium, Vascular; Hemicholinium 3; Kidney; Kinetics; Membrane Proteins; Microcirculation; Organic Cation Transporter 1; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Sodium; Tetraethylammonium; Transcription, Genetic | 2001 |
Amyloid beta peptide 1-40 and the function of rat hippocampal hemicholinium-3 sensitive choline carriers: effects of a proteolytic degradation in vitro.
Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Hydrolysis; Male; Peptide Fragments; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2001 |
Spinal endogenous acetylcholine contributes to the analgesic effect of systemic morphine in rats.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Atropine; Aziridines; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mecamylamine; Membrane Transport Proteins; Morphine; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Pain Measurement; Protein Binding; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Muscarinic; Receptors, Nicotinic; Spinal Cord | 2001 |
The effects of continuous and single-dose radiation on choline uptake in organotypic tissue slice cultures of rabbit hippocampus.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Down-Regulation; Female; Gamma Rays; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Male; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Organ Culture Techniques; Rabbits; Radiosurgery; Tritium | 2001 |
Compartmentalization of choline and acetylcholine metabolism in cultured sympathetic neurons.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Axons; Biological Transport; Cell Compartmentation; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cholinergic Agents; Cholinergic Fibers; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Membrane Transport Proteins; Neurons; Phosphatidylcholines; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Sodium; Sympathetic Nervous System; Tretinoin | 2001 |
Role of the choline exchanger in Na(+)-independent Mg(2+) efflux from rat erythrocytes.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Cinchona Alkaloids; Down-Regulation; Erythrocytes; Hemicholinium 3; Magnesium; Male; Membrane Transport Modulators; Membrane Transport Proteins; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2002 |
Hyperglycemia induced by intracerebroventricular choline: involvement of the sympatho-adrenal system.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Animals; Atropine; Blood Glucose; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epinephrine; Hemicholinium 3; Hyperglycemia; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mecamylamine; Nicotinic Antagonists; Norepinephrine; Phentolamine; Propranolol; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sympathetic Nervous System; Time Factors | 2002 |
A homeostatic mechanism counteracting K(+) -evoked choline release in adult brain.
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extracellular Space; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Homeostasis; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Microdialysis; Potassium; Potassium Channel Blockers; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synaptosomes | 2002 |
Intracerebroventricular choline increases plasma vasopressin and augments plasma vasopressin response to osmotic stimulation and hemorrhage.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemicholinium 3; Hemorrhage; Hypothalamus; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Nicotinic Antagonists; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Nicotinic; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Synaptic Transmission; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2002 |
Glycerophosphocholine metabolism in higher plant cells. Evidence of a new glyceryl-phosphodiester phosphodiesterase.
Topics: Carbon Isotopes; Cell Wall; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Cytosol; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Hemicholinium 3; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphates; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; Phosphorus Isotopes; Plant Cells; Plants; Protoplasts; Substrate Specificity; Vacuoles | 2002 |
The neuronal choline transporter CHT1 is regulated by immunosuppressor-sensitive pathways.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Biological Transport; Calcineurin; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Choline; Cloning, Molecular; Cyclosporine; Electric Organ; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hemicholinium 3; Immunosuppressive Agents; Membrane Transport Proteins; Microinjections; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Nerve Endings; Oocytes; Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Sirolimus; Synaptosomes; Tacrolimus; Torpedo; Transfection; Xenopus laevis | 2002 |
Assessment of choline uptake for the synthesis and release of acetylcholine in brain slices by a dynamic autoradiographic technique using [11C]choline.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Electrons; Electrophoresis; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Male; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Veratridine | 2002 |
Detection of the high-affinity choline transporter in the MOLT-3 human leukemic T-cell line.
Topics: Cell Line; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; DNA Primers; DNA, Complementary; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Jurkat Cells; Membrane Transport Modulators; Membrane Transport Proteins; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; T-Lymphocytes | 2003 |
Age- and sex-dependent effects of ethanol on hippocampal hemicholinium-3 sensitive choline carriers during postnatal development of rats.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anisotropy; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Biological Transport; Central Nervous System Depressants; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Lipid Bilayers; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sex Characteristics; Time Factors | 2003 |
Modulation of electrically evoked acetylcholine release through cannabinoid CB1 receptors: evidence for an endocannabinoid tone in the human neocortex.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Arachidonic Acids; Benzoxazines; Binding, Competitive; Brain Chemistry; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; Child; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dronabinol; Electric Stimulation; Endocannabinoids; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Mice; Middle Aged; Morpholines; Naphthalenes; Neocortex; Nootropic Agents; Piperidines; Pyrazoles; Receptors, Cannabinoid; Receptors, Drug; Rimonabant; Tritium | 2003 |
Transmission failure in sympathetic nerves produced by hemicholinium.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Cats; Choline; Cholinergic Antagonists; Female; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Male; Rabbits; Sympathetic Nervous System; Synaptic Transmission; Vagus Nerve; Vas Deferens | 1960 |
ACTIONS OF HEMICHOLINIUM (HC-3) ON NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Cats; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Edrophonium; Electric Stimulation; Ganglionic Blockers; Hemicholinium 3; Muscles; Neostigmine; Neuromuscular Junction; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Pharmacology; Research; Sciatic Nerve; Synaptic Transmission; Tubocurarine | 1964 |
EFFECT OF LOCALLY APPLIED HEMICHOLINIUM ON THE ACETYLCHOLINE CONTENT OF THE CAUDATE NUCLEUS.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Biological Assay; Biphenyl Compounds; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Isotopes; Caudate Nucleus; Choline; Chromatography; Ganglionic Blockers; Hemicholinium 3; Metabolism; Pharmacology; Rats; Research | 1964 |
ACTIONS OF HEMICHOLINIUM AND TRIETHYLCHOLINE ON RESPONSES OF GUINEA-PIG COLON TO STIMULATION OF AUTONOMIC NERVES.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Atropine; Autonomic Nervous System; Autonomic Pathways; Biphenyl Compounds; Choline; Colon; Ganglionic Blockers; Guanethidine; Guinea Pigs; Hemicholinium 3; Hexamethonium Compounds; Neurophysiology; Nicotine; Norepinephrine; Pharmacology; Research; Scopolamine | 1965 |
PRESYNAPTIC ACTION OF HEMICHOLINIUM AT THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Biphenyl Compounds; Carbachol; Choline; Diaphragm; Electrophysiology; Ganglionic Blockers; Hemicholinium 3; Neural Conduction; Neuromuscular Junction; Pharmacology; Phrenic Nerve; Rats; Research; Synapses | 1965 |
Hemicholinium antagonism by choline analogues.
Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Muscle Relaxants, Central | 1959 |
The sea urchin embryo as a model for mammalian developmental neurotoxicity: ontogenesis of the high-affinity choline transporter and its role in cholinergic trophic activity.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Cell Membrane; Choline; Deanol; Disease Models, Animal; Embryonic Development; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Mammals; Membrane Transport Proteins; Neurotoxins; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Sea Urchins | 2003 |
Memory consolidation and reconsolidation of an inhibitory avoidance response in mice: effects of i.c.v. injections of hemicholinium-3.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Binding, Competitive; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Memory; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Retention, Psychology | 2004 |
Par-4 inhibits choline uptake by interacting with CHT1 and reducing its incorporation on the plasma membrane.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Biotinylation; Blotting, Western; Carrier Proteins; Cell Death; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; DNA, Complementary; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Kinetics; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Microscopy, Confocal; Neuroblastoma; Neurons; Phenotype; Precipitin Tests; Prosencephalon; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Transfection | 2004 |
3D-QSAR study of bis-azaaromatic quaternary ammonium analogs at the blood-brain barrier choline transporter.
Topics: Animals; Aza Compounds; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Ligands; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Protein Binding; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344 | 2005 |
Cortical choline transporter function measured in vivo using choline-sensitive microelectrodes: clearance of endogenous and exogenous choline and effects of removal of cholinergic terminals.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Hemicholinium 3; Immunohistochemistry; Immunotoxins; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Microelectrodes; N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; Saporins; Synaptosomes; Time Factors | 2006 |
Reduced expression and capacity of the striatal high-affinity choline transporter in hyperdopaminergic mice.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Blotting, Western; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gene Expression Regulation; Hemicholinium 3; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microdialysis; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Synaptosomes | 2006 |
The Caenorhabditis elegans choline transporter CHO-1 sustains acetylcholine synthesis and motor function in an activity-dependent manner.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Binding, Competitive; Biological Transport; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Electrophysiology; Gene Deletion; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Hemicholinium 3; Membrane Transport Proteins; Motor Activity; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Signal Transduction; Synapses; Tissue Distribution | 2006 |
Na+, Cl-, and pH dependence of the human choline transporter (hCHT) in Xenopus oocytes: the proton inactivation hypothesis of hCHT in synaptic vesicles.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Transport; Chlorides; Choline; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Membrane Potentials; Membrane Transport Proteins; Models, Neurological; Oocytes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Protons; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Sodium; Symporters; Synaptic Vesicles; Xenopus laevis | 2006 |
Evaluation of [11C]hemicholinium-15 and [18F]hemicholinium-15 as new potential PET tracers for the high-affinity choline uptake system in the heart.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Dogs; Female; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Heart; Hemicholinium 3; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radioligand Assay; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tissue Distribution | 2007 |
Reduction in CHT1-mediated choline uptake in primary neurons from presenilin-1 M146V mutant knock-in mice.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemicholinium 3; Membrane Transport Proteins; Methionine; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Mutation; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Presenilin-1; Protein Binding; Time Factors; Valine | 2007 |
Activity and subcellular trafficking of the sodium-coupled choline transporter CHT is regulated acutely by peroxynitrite.
Topics: Animals; Biotinylation; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Culture Media; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gene Expression Regulation; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Kidney; Kinetics; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Luminescence; Membrane Potentials; Membrane Transport Proteins; Molsidomine; Neuroblastoma; Nitrogen; Oxidative Stress; Peroxynitrous Acid; Protein Transport; Rats; Sodium; Subcellular Fractions; Time Factors; Transfection; Tyrosine | 2008 |
Choline availability and acetylcholine synthesis in the hippocampus of acetylcholinesterase-deficient mice.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Choline; Cholinergic Antagonists; Down-Regulation; Extracellular Fluid; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microdialysis; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Presynaptic Terminals; Scopolamine; Seizures; Sodium Channel Blockers; Synaptic Transmission | 2008 |
MKC-231, a choline uptake enhancer: (3) Mode of action of MKC-231 in the enhancement of high-affinity choline uptake.
Topics: Animals; Aziridines; Cell Membrane; Chlorocebus aethiops; Choline; COS Cells; Drug Interactions; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Protein Binding; Quinolines; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synaptosomes; Transfection; Tritium | 2008 |
Acetylcholine release by human colon cancer cells mediates autocrine stimulation of cell proliferation.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Atropine; Autocrine Communication; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Proliferation; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cholinergic Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colonic Neoplasms; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrochemistry; Hemicholinium 3; HT29 Cells; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Membrane Transport Proteins; Muscarinic Antagonists; Physostigmine; Piperidines; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptor, Muscarinic M3; RNA, Messenger; Tacrine | 2008 |
Molecular and functional characterization of choline transporter in human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells.
Topics: Biological Transport, Active; Cation Transport Proteins; Choline; Colonic Neoplasms; Hemicholinium 3; HT29 Cells; Humans; Kinetics; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Proton-Motive Force; RNA, Messenger; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; Symporters | 2009 |
Choline transport via choline transporter-like protein 1 in conditionally immortalized rat syncytiotrophoblast cell lines TR-TBT.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Base Sequence; Biological Transport, Active; Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Cation Transport Proteins; Cell Line; Choline; DNA Primers; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Membrane Transport Proteins; Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent; Organic Cation Transport Proteins; Organic Cation Transporter 2; Pregnancy; Rats; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sodium; Trophoblasts | 2009 |
Characterization of choline uptake in prostate cancer cells following bicalutamide and docetaxel treatment.
Topics: Androgen Antagonists; Anilides; Antineoplastic Agents; Biological Transport; Cell Line, Tumor; Choline; Diffusion; Docetaxel; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Male; Nitriles; Organic Cation Transport Proteins; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiopharmaceuticals; Taxoids; Tosyl Compounds; Tritium | 2009 |
The solute carrier 44A1 is a mitochondrial protein and mediates choline transport.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, CD; Base Sequence; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Choline; Choline Deficiency; DNA Primers; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Mice; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Proteins; Organic Cation Transport Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Small Interfering | 2009 |
Acetylcholine synthesis and release in NIH3T3 cells coexpressing the high-affinity choline transporter and choline acetyltransferase.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Amiloride; Animals; Cation Transport Proteins; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Hemicholinium 3; Lidocaine; Membrane Lipids; Mice; NIH 3T3 Cells; Organic Cation Transport Proteins; Phospholipids; Procaine; Rats; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Sodium | 2009 |
Determination of high-affinity choline uptake (HACU) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in the same population of cultured cells.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Alzheimer Disease; Biomarkers; Cell Line, Tumor; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cholinergic Agents; Cholinergic Fibers; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enzyme Assays; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Membrane Transport Proteins; Neurochemistry; Neurons; Radioisotopes | 2009 |
Effects of estrogen on AF64A-induced apoptosis in NG108-15 cells.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Apoptosis; Aziridines; Cell Line, Tumor; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Estradiol; Hemicholinium 3; Hybridomas; MAP Kinase Kinase 1; Mice; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxins; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; Rats; Receptors, Estrogen; Signal Transduction | 2009 |
Comparison of the cellular and biochemical properties of Plasmodium falciparum choline and ethanolamine kinases.
Topics: Amino Alcohols; Antimalarials; Binding Sites; Blotting, Western; Catalysis; Choline; Choline Kinase; Circular Dichroism; Crystallography, X-Ray; Escherichia coli; Ethanolamines; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); Plasmodium falciparum; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protozoan Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Substrate Specificity; Thiazoles | 2009 |
A novel choline cotransporter sequestration compartment in cholinergic neurons revealed by selective endosomal ablation.
Topics: Ablation Techniques; Animals; Cell Membrane; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Endocytosis; Endosomes; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Horseradish Peroxidase; Horseshoe Crabs; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Neurons; Potassium Chloride; Protein Binding; Protein Transport; Subcellular Fractions; Time Factors; Tritium | 2010 |
Choline promotes nicotinic receptor alpha4 + beta2 up-regulation.
Topics: Binding, Competitive; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; Choline; Choline Kinase; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Imidazoles; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Nootropic Agents; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Pyridines; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, Nicotinic; Transfection; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Up-Regulation | 2010 |
Transport and metabolism of radiolabeled choline in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Dinitrophenols; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Liver Neoplasms; Membrane Transport Proteins; Ouabain; Positron-Emission Tomography; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2010 |
Substrate-induced internalization of the high-affinity choline transporter.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Biotinylation; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ligands; Neurons; Potassium Chloride; Protein Binding; Protein Transport; Rats; RNA, Small Interfering; Septum of Brain; Symporters; Synaptosomes; Transfection; Tritium | 2011 |
Peroxynitrite donor SIN-1 alters high-affinity choline transporter activity by modifying its intracellular trafficking.
Topics: Cell Line, Transformed; Cell Line, Tumor; Choline; Clathrin; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endocytosis; Endosomes; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Leupeptins; Luminescent Proteins; Lysosomes; Membrane Transport Proteins; Molsidomine; Mutation; Neuroblastoma; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Donors; Peroxynitrous Acid; Protein Transport; rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins; Time Factors; Transfection; Tritium; Ubiquitination | 2012 |
The interaction of standard oxime reactivators with hemicholinium-3 sensitive choline carriers.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Anisotropy; Cell Membrane; Choline; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Hemicholinium 3; Hippocampus; Male; Membrane Fluidity; Membrane Transport Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synaptosomes; Tritium | 2012 |
Regulation of the high-affinity choline transporter activity and trafficking by its association with cholesterol-rich lipid rafts.
Topics: Animals; beta-Cyclodextrins; Biotinylation; Cell Line; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Cholesterol; Cholesterol Oxidase; Choline; Data Interpretation, Statistical; DNA, Complementary; Female; Filipin; G(M1) Ganglioside; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Male; Membrane Microdomains; Membrane Proteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microscopy, Confocal; Rats; Synaptosomes | 2014 |
Transgenic overexpression of the presynaptic choline transporter elevates acetylcholine levels and augments motor endurance.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial; Gene Dosage; Hemicholinium 3; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Physical Endurance; Receptors, Presynaptic; Synaptosomes | 2014 |
No evidence for role of extracellular choline-acetyltransferase in generation of gamma oscillations in rat hippocampal slices in vitro.
Topics: Acetyl Coenzyme A; Acetylcholine; Animals; CA3 Region, Hippocampal; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cholinergic Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extracellular Space; Gamma Rhythm; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Microelectrodes; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Physostigmine; Rats, Wistar; Tissue Culture Techniques | 2015 |
Choline kinase active site provides features for designing versatile inhibitors.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Sequence; Antiprotozoal Agents; Catalytic Domain; Choline; Choline Kinase; Cryptosporidium parvum; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Molecular Sequence Data; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium knowlesi; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protozoan Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Species Specificity | 2014 |
Identification and characterization of ML352: a novel, noncompetitive inhibitor of the presynaptic choline transporter.
Topics: Animals; Benzamides; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gene Expression Regulation; HEK293 Cells; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Isoxazoles; Male; Membrane Potentials; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Models, Biological; Mutation; Neural Inhibition; Prosencephalon; Protein Binding; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes | 2015 |
Molecular and functional characterization of choline transporter in the human trophoblastic cell line JEG-3 cells.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlorocebus aethiops; Choline; COS Cells; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Membrane Transport Proteins; Pregnancy; Trophoblasts | 2015 |
Choline induces opposite changes in pyramidal neuron excitability and synaptic transmission through a nicotinic receptor-independent process in hippocampal slices.
Topics: Animals; CA1 Region, Hippocampal; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; GABA Antagonists; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Mice; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Nicotinic | 2017 |
Hemicholinium-3 sensitive choline transport in human T lymphocytes: Evidence for use as a proxy for brain choline transporter (CHT) capacity.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; T-Lymphocytes | 2017 |
Autolyse the cell in order to save it? Inducing, then blocking, autolysis as a strategy for delaying cell death in the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Bacteriolysis; Choline; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Hemicholinium 3; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Microbial Viability; Phosphates; Probiotics | 2017 |
Regulation of synaptic acetylcholine concentrations by acetylcholine transport in rat striatal cholinergic transmission.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Transport; Choline; Cholinergic Neurons; Corpus Striatum; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Organ Culture Techniques; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 2017 |
Molecular and Functional Analysis of Choline Transporters and Antitumor Effects of Choline Transporter-Like Protein 1 Inhibitors in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, CD; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Caspase 3; Caspase 7; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Ceramides; Choline; Hemicholinium 3; Humans; Isoquinolines; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Organic Cation Transport Proteins; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays | 2020 |