gymnodimine and pectenotoxin-1

Chinese shellfish samples were harvested from different locations along the Chinese coast. These shellfish were analyzed by liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry to detect the following toxins: okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxins (DTXs), petenotoxins (PTXs), azaspiracids (AZAs), yessotoxins (YTXs), spirlides (SPXs) and gymnodimines (GYM). The results revealed the lipophilic toxin profiles varied with shellfish sampling locations. In addition to OA, GYM and YTX derivatives, PTX-2 and its derivatives were found for the first time in the following Chinese shellfish: Crassostrea gigas, Mactra chinensis and Mytilus galloprovincialis. The presence of GYM, YTXs, OA and PTXs in Chinese shellfish collected from regions where no previous record of DSP-neutral toxic compounds was reported. Serious efforts should therefore be made to conduct a phycotoxin monitoring program to detect the presence of lipophilic toxins in biological materials of marine origin, which may ensure that Chinese seafood products do not present a health risk. With respect to suspected carcinogenicity, further research on the distribution and concentrations of toxic compounds are needed, in order to carry out long-term risk assessments, particularly sub-acute and chronic toxicity tests associated with of lower doses.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Furans; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; Hydrocarbons, Cyclic; Imines; Macrolides; Marine Toxins; Mass Spectrometry; Mollusk Venoms; Okadaic Acid; Oxocins; Pyrans; Shellfish; Spiro Compounds