guanidine has been researched along with acrylamide in 45 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 3 (6.67) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 16 (35.56) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 15 (33.33) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 11 (24.44) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Martorana, GE; Meucci, E; Miggiano, GA; Mordente, A; Santini, SA | 1 |
| Deléage, G; Di Pietro, A; Divita, G; Gautheron, DC; Roux, B | 1 |
| Berger, JW; Vanderkooi, JM | 1 |
| D'Onofrio, M; Giganti, MG; Grimaldi, S; Pascale, E; Pozzi, D; Verna, R | 1 |
| Chang, GG; Chen, YH; Lee, HJ | 1 |
| Artigues, A; Berezov, A; Bianconi, ML; Iriarte, A; Martinez-Carrion, M; Reyes, AM | 1 |
| Löber, G; Uversky, VN; Winter, S | 1 |
| Buche, A; Méndez, C; Salas, JA | 1 |
| Denhardt, DT; Lackland, H; Ludescher, RD; Rajan, SS | 1 |
| Freskgârd, PO; Gabriel, DA; Li, X; Persson, E; Petersen, LC | 1 |
| Blandin, P; Desmadril, M; Garcia, P; Mérola, F; Minard, P; Receveur, V | 1 |
| Brennan, JD; Hogue, CW; Zheng, L | 1 |
| Aleksiev, B; Betzel, C; Dolashka, P; Genov, N; Mancheva, I; Rajashankar, KR | 1 |
| Amrani, A; Azarkan, M; Looze, Y; Nijs, M; Smolders, N; Vincentelli, J; Zerhouni, S | 1 |
| Bonete, MJ; Cremades, R; Ferrer, J; Pire, C | 1 |
| Antranikian, G; Chiaraluce, R; Consalvi, V; Scandurra, R; Schwerdtfeger, RM | 1 |
| Masaki, K; Mizuguchi, M; Nitta, K | 1 |
| Biktashev, AG; Khaitlina, SY; Kuznetsova, IM; Turoverov, KK; Uversky, VN; Vassilenko, KS | 1 |
| Behere, DV; Deva, MS | 1 |
| France, RM; Grossman, SH | 1 |
| Kay, C; Prenner, EJ; Ryan, RO; Weers, PM | 1 |
| Chen, CH; Martin, DL; Rust, E | 1 |
| Nath, D; Rao, M | 1 |
| Lommer, BS; Luo, M | 1 |
| Ganesh, KN; Hegde, SS; Khan, MI; Kumar, AR | 1 |
| Cheltsov, AV; Ferreira, GC; Guida, WC | 1 |
| Bonete, MJ; Ferrer, J; Llorca, FI; Pire, C; Ruiz, JL | 1 |
| Ahmad, A; Doniach, S; Fink, AL; Millett, IS; Uversky, VN | 1 |
| Kadoya, A; Miyake, H; Ohyashiki, T | 1 |
| Fernández, M; Fuentes, L; Oyola, J; Quiñones, E | 1 |
| Ahmad, B; Ansari, MA; Khan, RH; Sen, P | 1 |
| Chaudhuri, TK; Deb, JK; Jana, S | 1 |
| Ehtesham, NZ; Ghosh, S; Haq, SK; Hasnain, SE; Rasheedi, S; Suragani, M | 1 |
| Devaraj, KB; Kumar, PR; Prakash, V | 1 |
| Ahmad, E; Fatima, S; Khan, MM; Khan, RH | 1 |
| Mandal, DK; Sen, D | 2 |
| Wang, SS; Wen, WS | 1 |
| Chandra, V; Dave, S; Gupta, P; Mahajan, S | 1 |
| Bhavnani, V; Bhosale, SH; Gaikwad, SM; Kumar, A; Pal, JK; Sreejith, RK; Suresh, CG | 1 |
| Ghosh, G; Mandal, DK | 1 |
| Ho, J; Wong, KF | 1 |
| Podile, AR; Swamy, MJ; Tarafdar, PK; Vedantam, LV | 1 |
| Auton, M; Blancas-Mejia, LM; Madde, P; Tischer, A | 1 |
| Bano, B; Siddiqui, MF | 1 |
45 other study(ies) available for guanidine and acrylamide
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Conformational stability of bovine alpha-crystallin. Evidence for a destabilizing effect of ascorbate.
Topics: Acrylamide; Acrylamides; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cattle; Crystallins; Guanidine; Guanidines; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Iodides; Light; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Scattering, Radiation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tryptophan; Urea | 1992 |
Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of Schizosaccharomyces pombe mitochondrial F1-ATPase. A powerful probe for phosphate and nucleotide interactions.
Topics: Acrylamide; Acrylamides; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Guanidine; Guanidines; Iodides; Macromolecular Substances; Mitochondria; Protein Conformation; Proton-Translocating ATPases; Schizosaccharomyces; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tryptophan | 1991 |
Characterization of lens alpha-crystallin tryptophan microenvironments by room temperature phosphorescence spectroscopy.
Topics: Acrylamide; Acrylamides; Crystallins; Guanidine; Guanidines; Iodides; Luminescent Measurements; Nitrites; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Spectrum Analysis; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan; Urea | 1989 |
Effect of ouabain binding on the fluorescent properties of the Na+/K+-ATPase.
Topics: Acrylamide; Acrylamides; Animals; Fluorescence; Guanidine; Guanidines; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iodides; Ouabain; Protein Conformation; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Swine; Tryptophan | 1988 |
Fluorescence studies on the dissociation and denaturation of pigeon liver malic enzyme.
Topics: Acrylamide; Acrylamides; Algorithms; Animals; Columbidae; Fluorescence; Guanidine; Guanidines; Liver; Malate Dehydrogenase; Molecular Weight; Protein Denaturation; Tryptophan | 1988 |
Probes for analysis of stability of different variants of aspartate aminotransferase.
Topics: Acrylamide; Acrylamides; Amino Acid Sequence; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cytoplasm; Enzyme Stability; Fluorescence; Guanidine; Guanidines; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Liposomes; Mitochondria; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Recombinant Proteins; Temperature | 1995 |
Use of fluorescence decay times of 8-ANS-protein complexes to study the conformational transitions in proteins which unfold through the molten globule state.
Topics: Acrylamide; Acrylamides; Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; Animals; Cattle; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Fluorescence; Fluorescent Dyes; Guanidine; Guanidines; Humans; Kinetics; Protein Conformation; Protein Folding; Proteins; Solvents; Spectrometry, Fluorescence | 1996 |
Interaction between ATP, oleandomycin and the OleB ATP-binding cassette transporter of Streptomyces antibioticus involved in oleandomycin secretion.
Topics: Acrylamide; Acrylamides; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Bacterial Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Erythromycin; Guanidine; Guanidines; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Maltose-Binding Proteins; Oleandomycin; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Streptomyces antibioticus | 1997 |
Analysis of the conformational stability of the active domain of recombinant mouse TIMP-1 by intrinsic fluorescence.
Topics: Acrylamide; Acrylamides; Animals; Binding Sites; Guanidine; Mice; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; Tryptophan | 1998 |
Conformational stability of factor VIIa: biophysical studies of thermal and guanidine hydrochloride-induced denaturation.
Topics: Acrylamide; Acrylamides; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Circular Dichroism; Factor VIIa; Guanidine; Humans; Light; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Scattering, Radiation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thermodynamics | 1998 |
Steady state and time-resolved fluorescence study of residual structures in an unfolded form of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase.
Topics: Acrylamide; Acrylamides; Cold Temperature; Diffusion; Guanidine; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Phenylalanine; Phosphoglycerate Kinase; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Solvents; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Viscosity | 1998 |
Effects of metal binding affinity on the chemical and thermal stability of site-directed mutants of rat oncomodulin.
Topics: Acrylamide; Acrylamides; Animals; Calcium; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Fluorescence; Guanidine; Hydrogen Bonding; Metals; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Neoplasm Proteins; Protein Binding; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Rats; Temperature; Terbium; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan | 1998 |
Spectroscopic properties and stability of the neurotoxic complex. Vipoxin and its components.
Topics: Acrylamide; Acrylamides; Drug Stability; Energy Transfer; Enzyme Inhibitors; Guanidine; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Neurotoxins; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases A2; Protein Conformation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Viper Venoms | 1998 |
Purification and characterization of papaya glutamine cyclotransferase, a plant enzyme highly resistant to chemical, acid and thermal denaturation.
Topics: Acrylamide; Aminoacyltransferases; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Glycoproteins; Guanidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Latex; Plant Proteins; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Temperature; Tryptophan | 1998 |
Fluorescence and quenching comparative studies of halophilic and bovine glutamate dehydrogenase.
Topics: Acrylamide; Animals; Cattle; Fluorescence; Glutamate Dehydrogenase (NADP+); Guanidine; Haloferax mediterranei; Potassium Chloride; Protein Denaturation; Sodium Chloride; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Urea | 1998 |
Stability, refolding and Ca2+ binding of pullulanase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus woesei.
Topics: Acrylamide; Archaeal Proteins; Calcium; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Circular Dichroism; Enzyme Stability; Fluorescence; Glycoside Hydrolases; Guanidine; Kinetics; Protein Binding; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Pyrococcus; Thermodynamics | 1999 |
The molten globule state of a chimera of human alpha-lactalbumin and equine lysozyme.
Topics: Acrylamide; Amino Acid Sequence; Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; Animals; Circular Dichroism; Enzyme Stability; Fluorescent Dyes; Guanidine; Horses; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactalbumin; Molecular Sequence Data; Muramidase; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Solvents; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan | 1999 |
Effect of self-association on the structural organization of partially folded proteins: inactivated actin.
Topics: Acrylamide; Actins; Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; Animals; Guanidine; Protein Conformation; Protein Folding; Protein Multimerization; Protein Unfolding; Rabbits; Solvents; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Tryptophan | 1999 |
Fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopic studies on bovine lactoperoxidase.
Topics: Acrylamide; Animals; Cattle; Cesium; Circular Dichroism; Fluorescent Dyes; Guanidine; Iodine; Lactoperoxidase; Milk; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tryptophan; Urea | 1999 |
Acrylamide quenching of apo- and holo-alpha-lactalbumin in guanidine hydrochloride.
Topics: Acrylamide; Animals; Apoproteins; Cattle; Guanidine; Kinetics; Lactalbumin; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tryptophan | 2000 |
Lipid binding of the exchangeable apolipoprotein apolipophorin III induces major changes in fluorescence properties of tryptophans 115 and 130.
Topics: Acrylamide; Animals; Apolipoproteins; Circular Dichroism; Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine; Grasshoppers; Guanidine; Insect Proteins; Lipids; Mutation; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Trypsin; Tryptophan | 2000 |
Cofactor and tryptophan accessibility and unfolding of brain glutamate decarboxylase.
Topics: Acrylamide; Animals; Anions; Binding Sites; Brain; Cell Line; Cesium; Circular Dichroism; Dimerization; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Guanidine; Insecta; Iodine; Ions; Kinetics; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Rats; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tryptophan | 2001 |
Acid-induced partly folded conformation resembling a molten globule state of xylanase from an alkalothermophilic Bacillus sp.
Topics: Acrylamide; Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; Bacillus; Bacterial Proteins; Circular Dichroism; Enzyme Stability; Fluorescence; Fluorescent Dyes; Guanidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Xylan Endo-1,3-beta-Xylosidase; Xylosidases | 2001 |
Structural plasticity in influenza virus protein NS2 (NEP).
Topics: Acrylamide; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cell Nucleus; Chromatography, Gel; Circular Dichroism; DNA, Complementary; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Escherichia coli; Guanidine; Isoelectric Focusing; Kinetics; Orthomyxoviridae; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Spectrophotometry; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Temperature; Ultracentrifugation; Viral Nonstructural Proteins | 2002 |
Structural changes enhance the activity of Chainia xylanase in low urea concentrations.
Topics: Acrylamide; Actinomyces; Circular Dichroism; Enzyme Activation; Guanidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Protein Conformation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thermodynamics; Urea; Xylan Endo-1,3-beta-Xylosidase; Xylosidases | 2003 |
Circular permutation of 5-aminolevulinate synthase: effect on folding, conformational stability, and structure.
Topics: 5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase; Acrylamide; Binding Sites; Chromatography, Gel; Circular Dichroism; Dimerization; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guanidine; Iodine; Models, Molecular; Peptides; Plasmids; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thermodynamics | 2003 |
Denaturation studies by fluorescence and quenching of thermophilic protein NAD+-glutamate dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus HB8.
Topics: Acrylamide; Fluorescence; Fluorescent Dyes; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Guanidine; NAD; Potassium Iodide; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Renaturation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Temperature; Thermus thermophilus | 2003 |
Partially folded intermediates in insulin fibrillation.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Acrylamide; Benzothiazoles; Chromatography, Gel; Circular Dichroism; Dimerization; Guanidine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Insulin; Kinetics; Microscopy, Electron; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Scattering, Radiation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thiazoles; X-Rays | 2003 |
Increase in molecular rigidity of the protein conformation of brain Na+-K+-ATPase by modification with 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal.
Topics: Acrylamide; Aldehydes; Animals; Anisotropy; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethylmaleimide; Fluorescence; Guanidine; Lipid Peroxidation; Molecular Conformation; Protein Conformation; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Swine; Tryptophan | 2003 |
Conformational changes in azurin from Pseudomona aeruginosa induced through chemical and physical protocols.
Topics: Acrylamide; Azurin; Biophysical Phenomena; Biophysics; Copper; Gadolinium; Guanidine; Hot Temperature; Ligands; Phase Transition; Protein Conformation; Protein Folding; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Time Factors; Tryptophan | 2004 |
Low versus high molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol)-induced states of stem bromelain at low pH: stabilization of molten globule and unfolded states.
Topics: Acrylamide; Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; Biopolymers; Bromelains; Circular Dichroism; Enzyme Stability; Ethylene Glycol; Guanidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Weight; Polyethylene Glycols; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry; Tryptophan | 2006 |
Effects of guanidine hydrochloride on the conformation and enzyme activity of streptomycin adenylyltransferase monitored by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy.
Topics: Acrylamide; Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; Circular Dichroism; Guanidine; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nucleotidyltransferases; Potassium Iodide; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tryptophan | 2006 |
Biophysical characterization and unfolding of LEF4 factor of RNA polymerase from AcNPV.
Topics: Acrylamide; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Amino Acid Sequence; Biophysical Phenomena; Circular Dichroism; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Guanidine; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleopolyhedroviruses; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Recombinant Proteins; Temperature; Urea; Viral Proteins | 2009 |
Characterization of acid-induced molten globule like state of ficin.
Topics: Acids; Acrylamide; Chromatography, Gel; Circular Dichroism; Ficain; Ficus; Guanidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Temperature | 2009 |
More stable structure of wheat germ lipase at low pH than its native state.
Topics: Acrylamide; Circular Dichroism; Enzyme Stability; Guanidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lipase; Molecular Weight; Naphthalenesulfonates; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protein Subunits; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Temperature; Triticum | 2010 |
Pea lectin unfolding reveals a unique molten globule fragment chain.
Topics: Acrylamide; Bromosuccinimide; Guanidine; Models, Molecular; Naphthalenesulfonates; Peptide Fragments; Plant Lectins; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Unfolding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Temperature | 2011 |
Examining the influence of ultraviolet C irradiation on recombinant human γD-crystallin.
Topics: Acrylamide; Chemical Precipitation; Circular Dichroism; Disulfides; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; gamma-Crystallins; Guanidine; Humans; Molecular Weight; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Polymerization; Protein Structure, Quaternary; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Recombinant Proteins; Solubility; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tryptophan; Ultraviolet Rays | 2010 |
Trifluoroethanol stabilizes the molten globule state and induces non-amyloidic turbidity in stem bromelain near its isoelectric point.
Topics: Absorption; Acrylamide; Amyloid; Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; Bromelains; Circular Dichroism; Enzyme Stability; Guanidine; Isoelectric Point; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Temperature; Trifluoroethanol; Tryptophan | 2011 |
Conformational transitions of the catalytic domain of heme-regulated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α kinase, a key translational regulatory molecule.
Topics: Acrylamide; Animals; Catalytic Domain; Cloning, Molecular; eIF-2 Kinase; Guanidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Weight; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Unfolding; Rabbits; Spectrum Analysis | 2012 |
Differing structural characteristics of molten globule intermediate of peanut lectin in urea and guanidine-HCl.
Topics: Acrylamide; Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; Bromosuccinimide; Guanidine; Peanut Agglutinin; Protein Binding; Protein Denaturation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protein Unfolding; Temperature; Tryptophan; Urea | 2012 |
Stabilization of ferrochelatase via lysine residues on the carboxyl terminal extension.
Topics: Acrylamide; Animals; Chironomidae; Enzyme Stability; Ferrochelatase; Guanidine; Insect Proteins; Lysine; Mutation; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Structural Homology, Protein; Tryptophan | 2013 |
A comparative study of unfolding of Erythrina cristagalli Lectin in chemical denaturant and Fluoroalcohols.
Topics: Acrylamide; Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; Bromosuccinimide; Erythrina; Guanidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Lectins; Propanols; Protein Binding; Protein Denaturation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Trifluoroethanol; Tryptophan | 2014 |
Thermally stable harpin, HrpZPss is sensitive to chemical denaturants: probing tryptophan environment, chemical and thermal unfolding by fluorescence spectroscopy.
Topics: Acrylamide; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Guanidine; Kinetics; Protein Denaturation; Protein Stability; Protein Unfolding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tryptophan; Urea | 2013 |
A molten globule intermediate of the von Willebrand factor A1 domain firmly tethers platelets under shear flow.
Topics: Acrylamide; Blood Platelets; Chromatography, Gel; Disulfides; Guanidine; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Platelet Adhesiveness; Protein Denaturation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Rheology; Shear Strength; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Temperature; Tryptophan; von Willebrand Factor | 2014 |
Insight into the functional and structural transition of garlic phytocystatin induced by urea and guanidine hydrochloride: A comparative biophysical study.
Topics: Acrylamide; Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; Cystatins; Fluorescent Dyes; Garlic; Guanidine; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Stability; Protein Structure, Secondary; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Urea | 2018 |