Page last updated: 2024-08-26

goethite and chromium

goethite has been researched along with chromium in 31 studies

Research

Studies (31)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's7 (22.58)29.6817
2010's10 (32.26)24.3611
2020's14 (45.16)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Leckie, JO; Trotz, MA; Villalobos, M1
Bond, DL; Fendorf, S1
Deliyanni, EA; Lazaridis, NK; Matis, KA; Peleka, EN1
Bullen, TD; Ellis, AS; Johnson, TM1
Bakoyannakis, DN; Deliyanni, EA; Lazaridis, NK1
He, YT; Traina, SJ1
Charalambous, Ch; Lazaridis, NK1
Apblett, A; Materer, NF; Scott, D1
Basu, A; Johnson, TM1
Bachman, JE; Catalano, JG; Engelhard, MH; Frierdich, AJ; Rapponotti, BW; Scherer, MM1
Liu, L; Xing, B; Yang, J; Zhong, L1
Dimirkou, A; Ioannou, Z; Mollas, S; Skoufogianni, E; Μolla, A1
Ginder-Vogel, M; Tomaszewski, EJ1
Burton, ED; Choppala, G1
Du, J; Xing, B; Yang, J; Zhang, Y1
Burton, ED; Choppala, G; Johnston, SG; Karimian, N1
Fu, F; Tang, B; Zhu, L1
Ashry, N; Dai, K; Fang, Y; Huang, Q; Mohamed, A; Riahi, Y; Uddin, I; Yu, L1
Ding, J; Hai, J; Hao, R; Luo, Y; Qiu, G; Tan, W1
Fu, F; Liang, C; Tang, B; Zhang, X1
Li, Y; Rehman, S; Wang, H; Wang, J; Wu, P; Yang, S; Yu, L; Zhu, N1
Bu, H; Chiang, P; Li, P; Wang, S; Wu, J; Yin, W; Zeng, W; Zheng, X1
Cai, M; Chen, F; Chen, Y; Gan, M; Gu, C; He, P; Huang, D; Liang, J; Wang, X; Zeng, J; Zhang, K; Zhu, J1
Gu, X; Li, Z; Tang, W; Zhao, X1
Bardhan, S; Basu, R; Das, K; Das, S; Ghosh, B; Ghosh, S; Karmakar, P; Mondal, D; Roy, S; Saha, I1
Dang, Z; Lu, G; Wen, Z; Xie, Y; Ye, H1
Choi, Y; Kwon, J; Lee, J; Tufa, LT; Wu, H1
Li, H; Li, X; Wang, K; Wang, P; Wu, B; Yang, Y; Zhang, C; Zheng, Y1
Han, S; Lai, S; Su, C; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zheng, J1
Hu, S; Liu, C; Shen, X; Wang, W; Yang, Y; Zhang, H; Zhou, W1
Adams, KN; Ahmed, SJ; Akaputra, R; Akosman, I; Akya, A; Ali, S; Aminuddin, A; An, B; An, X; Anana, EV; Ao, L; Arany, Z; Arena, R; Azhar, A; Azhar, W; Baasankhuu, A; Bae, WK; Bahar, B; Balaji, L; Barbosa, M; Batchu, UR; Berg, KM; Berlin, N; Berthier, E; Bettiol, AA; Bi, B; Bodie, D; Borges, VF; Borghi-Silva, A; Bowman, CE; Brantly, M; Budhathoki, L; Bukhari, A; Cabeza, M; Cao, J; Cao, Q; Cao, S; Carrasco-Nuñes, N; Caruso, FR; Carvalho, C; Chakrabarty, D; Chandra Mondal, P; Chandran, V; Chang, P; Chase, M; Chauhan, AS; Chauhan, PS; Che, J; Cheemalamarri, C; Chen, D; Chen, H; Chen, J; Chen, Q; Chen, X; Chen, Z; Chetri, BK; Cho, SW; Choi, TI; Chung, HC; Cocchi, MN; Collins, LC; Colombo, N; Come, SE; Custodio, JM; Dai, TY; De La Garza Ramos, R; de Oliveira, CR; Dębczak, A; DeMuri, GP; Deng, J; Deng, K; Dhanani, LY; Diaz, S; Djaharuddin, I; Dong, G; Dong, Q; Donnino, MW; Dwiyanti, R; Elango, KP; Eleswarapu, A; Evans, EGB; Fachri, M; Fang, Y; Fantappiè, G; Farasat, A; Farsida, F; Fathimah, A; Febrianti, A; Feng, S; Fernandes, V; Fernandez Garcia, E; Fleming, GF; Foskett, JK; Fourman, MS; Fu, M; Fu, W; Fukushima, S; Gahlay, GK; Gai, S; Gao, R; Gao, W; Gilbert, DM; Gong, J; Gong, MN; Gong, Z; González-Cavieres, L; Gordon, SE; Goudarzi, F; Goulart, CDL; Greenstein, AE; Grigg, ARC; Grilli, D; Grisham, RN; Grossestreuer, AV; Grzęda, A; Grzegorczyk, A; Gu, J; Guo, H; Gupta, R; Haldar, A; Hamid, Y; Han, HJ; Hancock, CN; Hassan, GW; Hatta, M; He, D; He, F; He, J; Heidarinia, H; Helmchen, G; Herrera-Lavados, C; Hieber, DL; Hoehr, C; Hou, L; Huang, C; Huang, J; Hussain, S; Imaoka, S; Indoliya, Y; Jain, E; Jana, S; Jang, H; Jang, HS; Jara-Quijada, E; Jeacopello, I; Jeung, HC; Jiang, B; Jiang, D; Jiang, G; Jiang, L; Jiang, Q; Jiang, Y; Jiang, Z; Jiao, Z; Jr, JCB; Jung, M; Jung, S; Junita, AR; Kalavathi, A; Kang, X; Kannan, R; Kato, K; Khadka, M; Khan, AR; Khan, I; Khodayari, N; Kim, BJ; Kim, CG; Kim, CH; Kim, D; Kim, H; Kim, HS; Kim, HT; Kim, TS; Kim, YT; King, R; Koh, K; Konkol, M; Koo, DH; Kretzschmar, R; Krop, IE; Kuang, Y; Kubeneck, LJ; Kulkarni, K; Kumar, N; Kunjan, C; Kwon, WS; Lai, C; Lans, A; Lascano, J; Lavania, UC; Lee, CK; Lee, DA; Lee, HS; Lee, J; Lee, KH; Lee, MS; Lee, SW; Lee, UN; Lemus-Mondaca, R; Li, HR; Li, J; Li, Q; Li, X; Li, Y; Li, Z; Liang, H; Liang, Y; Lin, L; Lin, Y; Lipsyc-Sharf, M; Liu, B; Liu, C; Liu, DX; Liu, H; Liu, J; Liu, K; Liu, S; Liu, X; Liu, Z; Locknane, MP; Lorusso, D; Lü, H; Luo, Z; Lv, X; Ma, Y; Mandava, K; Manfrinetti, P; Mao, W; Marques-Sá, J; Masaki, T; Massi, MN; Matsuse, M; Matulonis, UA; Maxwell, CA; McAssey, EV; McManamen, AM; Mehl, RA; Mendes, RG; Meng, Z; Miao, Z; Miller, S; Milovanovic, S; Mishra, SK; Mitra, S; Mitsutake, N; Miyazaki, Y; Moriwaki, S; Mortenson, R; Moskowitz, A; Mudring, AV; Mues Genannt Koers, L; Muhammad, S; Muhimpundu, S; Murapaka, C; Murota, H; Mv, S; Nakazawa, Y; Nam, CM; Natzir, R; Ngo, L; Nguyen, DD; Nie, Y; Nishigori, C; Noji, MC; Notini, L; Oaknin, A; Ogi, T; Oguro, A; Okukawa, K; Olawaiye, AB; Omble, AD; Oso, T; Page, CA; Palma-Acevedo, A; Pani, M; Parikh, SM; Park, J; Park, S; Partridge, AH; Pashova, HI; Paudel, U; Paulssen, E; Payero, L; Peng, M; Peppercorn, JM; Pérez-Won, M; Pitarresi, JR; Pradhan, J; Prevost, D; Primaguna, MR; Puvvada, N; Qian, D; Rajaure, YS; Rajca, A; Rajput, N; Rana, SR; Rangan, L; Ranjbarian, P; Redd, PS; Ren, T; Rha, SY; Riley, L; Romano, M; Rong, X; Rosenberg, SM; Rostamian, M; Rothwell, KA; Ru, S; Ruddy, KJ; Rustgi, AK; Salam, A; Sankaran, S; Santoso, A; Saravanakumar, P; Satheeshkumar, K; Schapira, L; Schulz, K; Senapati, A; Senju, C; Sharma, P; Shelke, RG; Shen, F; Shen, X; Shen, Y; Sheteiwy, MS; Shetty, PR; Shi, L; Shi, MM; Shiigi, H; Shimada, M; Shinkawa, VAM; Shtender, V; Siswanto, FM; Smetana, V; Snow, C; Sridiana, E; Stephenson, MW; Stoll, S; Su, X; Sun, S; Sun, XF; Surapaneni, JR; Suri, K; Świątek, Ł; Syukri, A; Tabilo-Munizaga, G; Takezawa, MG; Tamimi, RM; Tamura, A; Tanaka, K; Tang, M; Tao, Y; Tateishi, S; Thapa, B; Theberge, AB; ThomasArrigo, LK; Thongpang, S; Tiwari, M; Tong, Q; Totton, RR; Tripathi, RD; Tsujimoto, M; Tu, WC; Tudor, IC; Tyskiewicz, K; Ubaidah, FM; Ulhassan, Z; Utani, A; Van Gorp, T; Veerapandian, V; Vennila, KN; von Gunten, U; Wagle, N; Waks, AG; Wald, ER; Wang, B; Wang, D; Wang, H; Wang, L; Wang, W; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Warner, E; Waterhouse, GIN; Weiss, J; Weissenrieder, JS; Wellen, KE; Wu, JY; Xiang, W; Xiao, S; Xie, Q; Xu, F; Xu, TW; Xu, Y; Yan, B; Yan, JM; Yang, D; Yang, P; Yang, S; Yang, W; Yao, Y; Yassari, R; Yong, Q; Yu, H; Yu, Z; Yun, UJ; Zagotta, WN; Zang, DY; Zanudo, JGT; Zeng, A; Zhang, H; Zhang, R; Zhang, S; Zhang, T; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhang, YT; Zhao, C; Zhao, J; Zhong, S; Zhou, F; Zhou, W; Zhou, Y1

Trials

1 trial(s) available for goethite and chromium

ArticleYear
Effect of 12-week of aerobic exercise on hormones and lipid profile status in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: A study during COVID-19.
    Sexuality research & social policy : journal of NSRC : SR & SP, 2023, Apr-05

    Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; Albumins; Alloys; Amides; Amino Acids; Animals; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Bioaccumulation; Blood Glucose; Brain; Brassica napus; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Catalysis; Child; China; Chlorides; Chlorine; Chromium; Chronic Disease; Cohort Studies; Copper; Corrosion; COVID-19; Creatinine; Dermatitis; Diabetes Mellitus; Diazepam; Disease-Free Survival; DNA Repair; DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase; Dyspnea; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Environmental Monitoring; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagogastric Junction; Estradiol; Exercise Test; Exercise Tolerance; Female; Ferric Compounds; Fishes; Food Chain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Genomics; Halogenation; HEK293 Cells; Hemolysis; Heterocyclic Compounds; Hospitalization; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hyperglycemia; Introns; Iron; Kidney; Kinetics; Laboratories; Limit of Detection; Lipopolysaccharides; Liver Neoplasms; Magnesium; Male; Mammals; Materials Testing; Mercury; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Methylmercury Compounds; Mice; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Mifepristone; Minerals; Molecular Weight; Mutation; Nanoparticles; Neuroprotection; NF-kappa B; Nitrates; Nitrogen; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Orthopedics; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovariectomy; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Paclitaxel; Phenols; Progesterone; Prospective Studies; Proteins; Protons; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Ramucirumab; Rats; Receptor, ErbB-2; Respiratory Function Tests; Retrospective Studies; Saliva; SARS-CoV-2; Seeds; Sesbania; Shock, Septic; Silicon Dioxide; Sleep; Soil; Specimen Handling; Spectroscopy, Mossbauer; Spin Labels; Staphylococcus aureus; Stomach Neoplasms; Streptococcus mutans; Thiamine; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Trastuzumab; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification; Xeroderma Pigmentosum; Zebrafish

2023

Other Studies

30 other study(ies) available for goethite and chromium

ArticleYear
Surface complexation modeling of carbonate effects on the adsorption of Cr(VI), Pb(II), and U(VI) on goethite.
    Environmental science & technology, 2001, Oct-01, Volume: 35, Issue:19

    Topics: Adsorption; Carbon Dioxide; Carbonates; Chromium; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron Compounds; Lead; Minerals; Models, Chemical; Soil Pollutants; Temperature; Uranium

2001
Kinetics and structural constraints of chromate reduction by green rusts.
    Environmental science & technology, 2003, Jun-15, Volume: 37, Issue:12

    Topics: Chromates; Chromium; Corrosion; Ferric Compounds; Ferrosoferric Oxide; Ferrous Compounds; Iron; Iron Compounds; Kinetics; Minerals; Models, Chemical; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxides

2003
Metals removal from aqueous solution by iron-based bonding agents.
    Environmental science and pollution research international, 2004, Volume: 11, Issue:1

    Topics: Adsorption; Chromium; Colloids; Ferric Compounds; Ferrous Compounds; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron Compounds; Minerals; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification; Zinc

2004
Using chromium stable isotope ratios to quantify Cr(VI) reduction: lack of sorption effects.
    Environmental science & technology, 2004, Jul-01, Volume: 38, Issue:13

    Topics: Absorption; Chemical Fractionation; Chromium; Chromium Isotopes; Fresh Water; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron Compounds; Kinetics; Minerals; Models, Chemical; Oxidation-Reduction; Water Pollutants, Chemical

2004
Chromium(VI) sorptive removal from aqueous solutions by nanocrystalline akaganèite.
    Chemosphere, 2005, Volume: 58, Issue:1

    Topics: Adsorption; Chromium; Ferric Compounds; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Temperature; Water; Water Pollution; Water Purification

2005
Cr(VI) reduction and immobilization by magnetite under alkaline pH conditions: the role of passivation.
    Environmental science & technology, 2005, Jun-15, Volume: 39, Issue:12

    Topics: Chromium; Ferrosoferric Oxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron Compounds; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Minerals; Oxidation-Reduction; Sodium Hydroxide; Spectrum Analysis; X-Ray Diffraction

2005
Sorptive removal of trivalent and hexavalent chromium from binary aqueous solutions by composite alginate-goethite beads.
    Water research, 2005, Volume: 39, Issue:18

    Topics: Absorption; Alginates; Chromium; Diffusion; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron Compounds; Kinetics; Minerals; Solutions; Temperature; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification

2005
Iron-rich Oklahoma clays as a natural source of chromium in monitoring wells.
    Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM, 2011, Volume: 13, Issue:12

    Topics: Aluminum Silicates; Chromium; Clay; Environmental Monitoring; Filtration; Groundwater; Iron Compounds; Minerals; Oklahoma; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Water Pollutants, Chemical; X-Ray Diffraction

2011
Determination of hexavalent chromium reduction using Cr stable isotopes: isotopic fractionation factors for permeable reactive barrier materials.
    Environmental science & technology, 2012, May-15, Volume: 46, Issue:10

    Topics: Adsorption; Carbonates; Chemical Fractionation; Chromium; Chromium Isotopes; Diffusion; Environmental Restoration and Remediation; Ferric Compounds; Geologic Sediments; Iron; Iron Compounds; Isotope Labeling; Minerals; Oxidation-Reduction; Permeability

2012
Inhibition of trace element release during Fe(II)-activated recrystallization of Al-, Cr-, and Sn-substituted goethite and hematite.
    Environmental science & technology, 2012, Sep-18, Volume: 46, Issue:18

    Topics: Aluminum; Chromium; Crystallization; Ferric Compounds; Ferrous Compounds; Iron Compounds; Minerals; Nickel; Solubility; Tin; Trace Elements; Zinc

2012
Oxidation of Cr(III) on birnessite surfaces: The effect of goethite and kaolinite.
    Journal of environmental sciences (China), 2015, Nov-01, Volume: 37

    Topics: Chromium; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron Compounds; Kaolin; Minerals; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxides; Surface Properties

2015
Removal of Chromium from Soils Cultivated with Maize (Zea Mays) After the Addition of Natural Minerals as Soil Amendments.
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 2017, Volume: 98, Issue:3

    Topics: Bentonite; Biomass; Chromium; Chromium Compounds; Iron Compounds; Minerals; Nitrates; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Zea mays; Zeolites

2017
Decreased Electron Transfer between Cr(VI) and AH2DS in the Presence of Goethite.
    Journal of environmental quality, 2018, Volume: 47, Issue:1

    Topics: Chromium; Electrons; Ferric Compounds; Iron Compounds; Minerals; Oxidation-Reduction; Soil Pollutants

2018
Chromium(III) substitution inhibits the Fe(II)-accelerated transformation of schwertmannite.
    PloS one, 2018, Volume: 13, Issue:12

    Topics: Chromium; Ferric Compounds; Ferrous Compounds; Iron; Iron Compounds; Minerals; Oxidation-Reduction; X-Ray Diffraction

2018
Goethite catalyzed Cr(VI) reduction by tartaric acid via surface adsorption.
    Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2019, Apr-30, Volume: 171

    Topics: Adsorption; Catalysis; Chromium; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron; Iron Compounds; Minerals; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Surface Properties; Tartrates

2019
A new pathway for hexavalent chromium formation in soil: Fire-induced alteration of iron oxides.
    Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 2019, Volume: 247

    Topics: Chromium; Ferric Compounds; Fires; Iron Compounds; Minerals; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxides; Soil; Soil Pollutants

2019
Three-dimensional transfer of Cr(VI) co-precipitated with ferrihydrite containing silicate and its redistribution and retention during aging.
    The Science of the total environment, 2019, Dec-15, Volume: 696

    Topics: Adsorption; Chromium; Ferric Compounds; Iron; Iron Compounds; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Minerals; Models, Chemical; Photoelectron Spectroscopy; Silicates; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; X-Ray Diffraction

2019
Iron mineral-humic acid complex enhanced Cr(VI) reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1.
    Chemosphere, 2020, Volume: 247

    Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Chromium; Electron Transport; Electrons; Humic Substances; Iron; Iron Compounds; Minerals; Oxidation-Reduction; Shewanella; Soil

2020
Interaction mechanism of dissolved Cr(VI) and manganite in the presence of goethite coating.
    Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 2020, Volume: 260

    Topics: Chromium; Iron Compounds; Manganese Compounds; Minerals; Oxidation-Reduction

2020
Mobility and transformation of Cr(VI) on the surface of goethite in the presence of oxalic acid and Mn(II).
    Environmental science and pollution research international, 2020, Volume: 27, Issue:21

    Topics: Adsorption; Chromium; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron Compounds; Minerals; Oxalic Acid; Oxidation-Reduction

2020
Bioreduction of hexavalent chromium on goethite in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
    Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 2020, Volume: 265, Issue:Pt B

    Topics: Chromium; Iron Compounds; Minerals; Oxidation-Reduction; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2020
A facile modification of cation exchange resin by nano-sized goethite for enhanced Cr(VI) removal from water.
    Environmental technology, 2022, Volume: 43, Issue:12

    Topics: Adsorption; Cation Exchange Resins; Chromium; Ethanol; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron Compounds; Kinetics; Minerals; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification

2022
An efficient, economical, and easy mass production biochar supported zero-valent iron composite derived from direct-reduction natural goethite for Cu(II) and Cr(VI) remove.
    Chemosphere, 2021, Volume: 285

    Topics: Adsorption; Charcoal; Chromium; Iron; Iron Compounds; Kinetics; Minerals; Water Pollutants, Chemical

2021
Competitive kinetics of Ni(II)/Co(II) and Cr(VI)/P(V) adsorption and desorption on goethite: A unified thermodynamically based model.
    Journal of hazardous materials, 2022, 02-05, Volume: 423, Issue:Pt A

    Topics: Adsorption; Chromium; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron Compounds; Kinetics; Minerals; Water Pollutants, Chemical

2022
Biocompatible Carbon Dot Decorated α-FeOOH Nanohybrid for an Effective Fluorometric Sensing of Cr (VI) in Wastewater and Living Cells.
    Journal of fluorescence, 2022, Volume: 32, Issue:4

    Topics: Carbon; Chromium; HeLa Cells; Humans; Iron Compounds; Minerals; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical

2022
Sulfide-induced repartition of chromium associated with schwertmannite in acid mine drainage: Impacts and mechanisms.
    The Science of the total environment, 2022, Nov-20, Volume: 848

    Topics: Chromium; Ferric Compounds; Iron; Iron Compounds; Metalloids; Minerals; Oxides; Sulfides

2022
Facile one-pot synthesis of polyethyleneimine functionalized α-FeOOH nanoraft consisted of single-layer parallel-aligned ultrathin nanowires for efficient removal of Cr (VI): Synergy of reduction and adsorption.
    The Science of the total environment, 2023, Jan-20, Volume: 857, Issue:Pt 2

    Topics: Adsorption; Chromium; Kinetics; Nanowires; Polyethyleneimine; Water Pollutants, Chemical

2023
Goethite and riboflavin synergistically enhance Cr(VI) reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1.
    Biodegradation, 2023, Volume: 34, Issue:2

    Topics: Chromium; Ferric Compounds; Minerals; Oxidation-Reduction; Riboflavin

2023
Mineralogical characteristics of root iron plaque and its functional mechanism for regulating Cr phytoextraction of hyperaccumulator Leersia hexandra Swartz.
    Environmental research, 2023, 07-01, Volume: 228

    Topics: Chromium; Ferrous Compounds; Iron; Oxidation-Reduction; Poaceae

2023
Reductive Sequestration of Cr(VI) and Immobilization of C during the Microbially Mediated Transformation of Ferrihydrite-Cr(VI)-Fulvic Acid Coprecipitates.
    Environmental science & technology, 2023, 06-06, Volume: 57, Issue:22

    Topics: Chromium; Ferric Compounds; Ferrosoferric Oxide; Minerals; Oxidation-Reduction

2023