glutamine has been researched along with glutamic acid in 2868 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 366 (12.76) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 604 (21.06) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 842 (29.36) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 768 (26.78) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 288 (10.04) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Akamatsu, M; Asao, M; Fujita, T; Iwamura, H | 1 |
| Barrio, JR; Baumgartner, FJ; Henze, E; Kuhl, DE; MacDonald, NS; Phelps, ME; Schelbert, HR | 1 |
| Cha, SH; Chairoungdua, A; Endou, H; Kanai, Y; Kim, DK; Matsuo, H | 1 |
| Barnes, JC; Bradley, P; Day, NC; Fourches, D; Reed, JZ; Tropsha, A | 1 |
| Brodie, AF; Israeli, E; Kalra, VK | 1 |
| Beal, MF; Finn, SF; Kowall, NW; Mazurek, MF; Storey, E | 1 |
| Ackerman, Z; Farrow, NA; Kreis, R; Ross, BD | 1 |
| Bottomley, PA | 1 |
| Waniewski, RA | 1 |
| Cattano, C; Nissim, I; Yudkoff, M | 1 |
| Bajaj, SP; Birktoft, JJ; Brackmann, HH; Ludwig, M; Olek, K; Sabharwal, AK; Smith, KJ | 1 |
| Dejong, CH; Deutz, NE; Kampman, MT; Soeters, PB | 1 |
| Kon, C; Sanders, MM | 2 |
| Haug, FM; Ottersen, OP; Torp, R; Tønder, N; Zimmer, J | 1 |
| Kim, H; Patel, MS | 1 |
| Ottersen, OP; Walberg, F; Zhang, N | 1 |
| Baquet, A; Gustafson, L; Hue, L; Meijer, AJ; van Woerkom, GM | 1 |
| Neale, JH; Williamson, LC | 1 |
| Cronin, MJ; Horton, K; Welbourne, TC | 1 |
| Granzin, J; Grunert, HP; Hahn, U; Heinemann, U; Landt, O; Puras-Lutzke, R; Saenger, W | 1 |
| Hanstock, CC; Novotny, EJ; Petroff, OA; Prichard, JW; Rothman, DL; Shulman, RG | 1 |
| Hundal, HS; Low, SY; Pogson, CI; Rennie, MJ; Taylor, PM | 1 |
| Franke, RR; Khorana, HG; Lin, SW; Mathies, RA; Sakmar, TP | 1 |
| Gellerich, FN; Krinelke, L; Kunz, WS | 1 |
| Boulu, RG; Callebert, J; Lekieffre, D; Plotkine, M | 1 |
| Cattaneo, MV; Luong, JH; Mercille, S | 1 |
| Klunk, WE; McClure, RJ; Moossy, J; Panchalingam, K; Pettegrew, JW | 1 |
| Brookes, N | 4 |
| Majors, A; Modic, MT; Ng, TC; Xue, M | 1 |
| Deutz, NE; Meyers, R; Roman, C; Rudolph, CD; Veereman-Wauters, G | 1 |
| Austgen, TR; Pacitti, AJ; Souba, WW | 1 |
| Rupitz, K; Trimbur, D; Warren, RA; Withers, SG | 1 |
| Dingledine, R; Heinemann, SF; Hume, RI | 1 |
| Baigrie, RJ; Lamont, PM; Morris, PJ; Newsholme, EA; Parry-Billings, M | 1 |
| Kus, L; McNulty, JA; Ottersen, OP | 1 |
| Campion, SR; Niyogi, SK; Tadaki, DK | 1 |
| Ames, A; Li, YY | 1 |
| Abe, E; Itoh, T; Masuda, Y; Murai, S; Saito, H | 1 |
| Palou, A; Picó, C; Pons, A | 1 |
| Cattaneo, MV; Luong, JH; Male, KB | 1 |
| Barrere, B; Beloeil, JC; Berenger, G; Fedeli, O; Gillet, B; Peres, M; Seylaz, J | 1 |
| Erecińska, M; Michalik, M; Nelson, J | 1 |
| Bentley, GA; Brange, J; Derewenda, Z; Dodson, EJ; Dodson, GG; Markussen, J; Wilkinson, AJ; Wollmer, A; Xiao, B | 1 |
| Greene, LW; Wu, G | 1 |
| Berg, M; Bruhn, T; Cobo, M; Diemer, NH | 1 |
| Ang, RC; Hoop, B; Kazemi, H | 1 |
| Maruta, H; Nur-E-Kamal, MS | 1 |
| Erecinska, M; Hertz, L; Nissim, I; Pleasure, D; Yudkoff, M | 1 |
| Aas, JE; Danbolt, NC; Kanner, BI; Langmoen, I; Ottersen, OP; Rothe, F; Storm-Mathisen, J; Torp, R; Zhang, N | 1 |
| Liu, CT; Newsholme, EA; Opara, E; Parry-Billings, M; Preedy, V | 1 |
| Osen, KK; Ottersen, OP; Usami, S; Zhang, N | 1 |
| Hardy, J | 1 |
| Beckingham, K; Klevit, RE; Starovasnik, MA; Su, DR | 1 |
| Broman, J; Ottersen, OP | 1 |
| Parks, TN; Zhou, N | 1 |
| Field, CJ; Marliss, EB; Wu, GY | 2 |
| Bautista, NS; Dass, PD; Hardman, SH; Kurtz, I; Lawson, LR | 1 |
| Abumrad, NN; Becker, T; Geer, RJ; Lacy, DB; Wasserman, DH; Williams, PE | 1 |
| Bullock, R; Butcher, SP; Chen, MH; Kendall, L; McCulloch, J | 1 |
| Ali, SF; Bowyer, JF; Holson, RR; Lipe, GW; Scallet, AC; Slikker, W | 1 |
| Bosman, DK; Bovee, WM; Chamuleau, RA; de Graaf, AA; de Haan, JG; Deutz, NE | 1 |
| Rosenberg, PA | 1 |
| Hertz, L; Peng, LA; Schousboe, A | 1 |
| Fujishima, M; Hirano, M; Matsumoto, T; Ooboshi, H; Sadoshima, S; Uchimura, H; Yao, H | 1 |
| Holmes, AR; McNaughton, GS; More, RD; Shepherd, MG | 1 |
| Austgen, TR; Chen, MK; Flynn, TC; Souba, WW | 1 |
| Shreve, PE; Uretsky, NJ | 1 |
| Behar, KL; Ogino, T | 1 |
| Plaitakis, A | 1 |
| Aas, JE; Ji, ZQ; Laake, J; Ottersen, OP; Walberg, F | 1 |
| Bosman, DK; Bovée, WM; Chamuleau, RA; den Hollander, JA; Luyten, PR | 1 |
| Ross, BD | 1 |
| Bovée, WM | 1 |
| Bruhn, H; Frahm, J; Gyngell, ML; Hänicke, W; Merboldt, KD; Michaelis, T | 1 |
| Ball, WD; Hand, AR; Mirels, L; Moreira, JE | 1 |
| Esmon, CT; Le Bonniec, BF | 1 |
| Wright, HT | 1 |
| Matsuno, T | 3 |
| Huether, G; Lajtha, A | 1 |
| Fine, A | 1 |
| Frangione, B; Ghiso, J; Wisniewski, T | 1 |
| Kangrga, I; Randić, M | 1 |
| Cain, BD; McCormick, KA | 1 |
| Ernst, T; Hennig, J | 1 |
| Bump, K; Fisher, M; Foreman, J; Kurcz, E; Lawrence, L; Miller-Graber, P | 1 |
| Badía, A; López-Farré, A; López-Novoa, JM; Montañés, I; Rengel, MA | 1 |
| Curti, B; Edmondson, DE; Rescigno, M; Vanoni, MA; Zanetti, G | 1 |
| Chu, CL; Leonard, M; Olmedo, R; Scher, BM; Scher, GS; Scher, W; Stecker, S; Waxman, S; Wu, H | 1 |
| Erecińska, M; Nelson, D; Osbakken, M; Zhang, DN | 1 |
| Prakasham, R; Rai, AN; Singh, AK; Singh, HN | 1 |
| Marumo, F; Nonoguchi, H; Tomita, K; Ujiie, K | 1 |
| Ishiura, S; Maruyama, K; Tagawa, K; Usami, M; Yamao-Harigaya, W | 1 |
| Chang, LJ; Deck, J; el-Awar, M; Gilbert, J; Kish, SJ; Robitaille, Y; Schut, L | 1 |
| Laake, J; Nagelhus, E; Ottersen, OP; Storm-Mathisen, J; Zhang, NH | 1 |
| Chválová, H; Mátlová, L; Mikes, V | 1 |
| Dickinson, DP; Dziejman, M; Kopec, L; Mirels, L; Tabak, LA; Yagil, C | 1 |
| Dawson, R; King, MJ; Wallace, DR | 1 |
| Peehl, D; Sommer, G; Yacoe, ME | 1 |
| Köhler, M; Seeburg, PH; Sommer, B; Sprengel, R | 1 |
| Copeland, EM; Flynn, TC; Hautamaki, RD; Martin, TD; Plumley, DA; Rout, WR; Souba, WW | 1 |
| Dodd, PR; Johnston, GA; Leong, DK; Maddison, JE | 1 |
| McMahon, HT; Nicholls, DG | 1 |
| Albert, JD; Barie, PS; Fong, YM; Hesse, DG; Lowry, SF; Tracey, KJ | 1 |
| Bachelard, HS; Badar-Goffer, RS; Morris, PG | 1 |
| Battaglioli, G; Martin, DL | 1 |
| Frank, R; König, I; Luz, CM; Schirmer, RH | 1 |
| Gunawan, S; Treiman, DM; Walton, NY | 2 |
| Bross, P; Engst, S; Ghisla, S; Kelly, DP; Rasched, I; Strauss, AW | 1 |
| Chen, MW; Ishino, Y; Jahn, D; Kim, YC; Söll, D | 1 |
| Buda, M; Fromentin, JR; Manchon, M; Miachon, S | 1 |
| Erecińska, M; Nelson, D; Nissim, I; Yudkoff, M; Zaleska, MM | 1 |
| Helton, WS; Rounds, J; Smith, RJ; Wilmore, DW | 1 |
| Chung, GH; Lee, HJ; Yang, KH | 1 |
| Fong, YL; Soderling, TR | 1 |
| Epstein, W; Logan, TM; Lynn, DG; McLaggan, D | 1 |
| Fernandez, A; Salloum, RM; Souba, WW; Stevens, BR | 1 |
| Kantrowitz, ER; Middleton, SA; Tauc, P; Vachette, P | 1 |
| Brusilow, SW; Koehler, RC; Traystman, RJ; Weigle, CG | 1 |
| Cerdan, S; Künnecke, B; Seelig, J | 1 |
| Dasch, GA; Kang, YH; Weiss, E; Williams, JC | 1 |
| Berkofsky, J; Duplessis, S; Lemieux, C; Lemieux, G | 1 |
| da Fonseca-Wollheim, F | 1 |
| Chen, G; Russell, JB | 1 |
| Bovée, WM; de Graaf, AA | 1 |
| Ciesielski, L; Clement, J; Mandel, P; Simler, S | 1 |
| Hamm, LL; Herndon, J; Merli, C; Simon, EE | 1 |
| Brosnan, JT; Brosnan, ME; Dhanakoti, SN; Herzberg, GR | 1 |
| Farrow, NA; Kanamori, K; Parivar, F; Ross, BD | 1 |
| Butler, M; Hassell, T | 1 |
| Blom, W; Hierck, L; Huijmans, JG; Kelholt-Dijkman, HH; Polder-Mol, AC | 1 |
| Hecker, M; Mitchell, JA; Sessa, WC; Vane, JR | 1 |
| Collier, RJ; Reich, KA; Weinstein, BR; Wilson, BA | 1 |
| Nathans, J | 1 |
| Bauman, MJ; Mawhinney, TD; Peterson, E; Rarey, KE; Raymer, SL; Schweitzer, VG; Woodson, BT | 1 |
| Erecińska, M; Silver, IA | 1 |
| Zalkin, H | 1 |
| Benjamin, AM | 1 |
| Bedi, GS; Dickinson, DP; Gross, KW; Mirels, L; Tabak, LA | 1 |
| Harper, DS; Jahn, CL | 1 |
| Nissim, I; States, B | 1 |
| Behar, KL; Fitzpatrick, SM; Hetherington, HP; Shulman, RG | 1 |
| Baab, PJ; Hopkins, IB; Tildon, JT; Zielke, HR | 1 |
| Barbeito, L; Cheramy, A; Girault, JA; Glowinski, J; Godeheu, G; Pittaluga, A | 1 |
| Bading, JR; Brennan, MF; Conlon, KC; Corbally, MT; DiResta, GR; Gelbard, AS | 1 |
| Daly, MP; Demediuk, P; Faden, AI | 1 |
| Edamatsu, R; Higashihara, Y; Hiramatsu, M; Kabuto, H; Mori, A | 1 |
| Simantov, R | 1 |
| Bates, TE; Gadian, DG; Kauppinen, RA; Williams, SR | 1 |
| Henriksen, EJ; Jaspers, SR; Satarug, S; Tischler, ME | 1 |
| Bell, EF; Filer, LJ; Stegink, LD; Tephly, TR; Ziegler, EE | 1 |
| Clarke, DM; Inesi, G; Leberer, E; Loo, TW; MacLennan, DH; Maruyama, K | 1 |
| Beale, D; Coadwell, J | 1 |
| Cambier, D; Pessac, B | 1 |
| Henriksson, J; Johansson, S; Nie, ZT; Wallberg-Henriksson, H | 1 |
| Hammen, HW; Radeck, W; Schadewaldt, P; Staib, W | 1 |
| Brand, K; Fekl, W; Langer, K; Luppa, P; Schoerner, C; von Hintzenstern, J | 1 |
| Alvestrand, A; Ekman, L; Kihlberg, R; Magnusson, I; Wahren, J; Wernerman, J | 1 |
| Ash, CW; Baldy, WJ; Shank, RP | 1 |
| Holm, E; Leweling, H; Staedt, U; Striebel, JP; Zeitz, R | 1 |
| Kantrowitz, ER; Stebbins, JW | 1 |
| Cole, LA; Sahai, A; Tannen, RL | 1 |
| Astier, H; Tapia-Arancibia, L | 1 |
| Feher, G; Okamura, MY; Paddock, ML; Rongey, SH | 1 |
| Barish, ME; Sands, SB | 1 |
| Rothman, SM; Yamada, KA | 1 |
| Gerok, W; Häussinger, D; Stehle, T; Stoll, B | 1 |
| Gouaux, JE; Ke, HM; Lipscomb, WN; Stevens, RC | 1 |
| Dye, J; Heiligenberg, W; Kawasaki, M; Keller, CH | 1 |
| Harsing, LG; Lajtha, A; Vizi, ES | 1 |
| de Barry, J; Gombos, G; Vizi, ES | 1 |
| Baverel, G; Martin, G; Michoudet, C | 1 |
| Ahl, PL; Khorana, HG; Mogi, T; Rothschild, KJ; Stern, LJ | 1 |
| Cole, DE; Holcenberg, JS; Jolivet, J; Poplack, DG | 1 |
| Bode, C; Bode, JC; Schäfer, K; Steffen, C; Ukida, M; Zelder, O | 1 |
| Behar, KL; den Hollander, JA; Hetherington, HP; Petroff, OA; Prichard, JW; Shulman, RG | 1 |
| Lin, S; Raabe, W | 1 |
| Askanazi, J; Elwyn, DH; Gil, KM; Gump, FE; Kinney, JM; Starker, PM | 1 |
| Shih, FF | 1 |
| O'Regan, PA; Szerb, JC | 2 |
| Durschlag, RP; Smith, RJ | 1 |
| Canioni, P; Cozzone, PJ; Desmoulin, F | 1 |
| Brand, K | 1 |
| Ogasahara, K; Soda, Y; Sugino, Y; Tsunasawa, S; Yutani, K | 1 |
| Aranda, MR; Ibanez, RJ; Kiss, AL; Lemieux, C; Lemieux, G | 1 |
| Hoop, B; Kazemi, H; Shih, VE | 1 |
| Gerok, W; Häussinger, D; Stehle, T | 1 |
| Laycock, M; McInnes, AG; Shapiro, S; Vining, LC; Walter, JA | 1 |
| Giesy, JP; Mitz, SV | 1 |
| Bartel, R; Bigner, DD; Campbell, GL; Freidman, HS | 1 |
| Lisý, V; Stastný, F; Tomásová, H; Trojan, S | 1 |
| Ivanov, VE; Novikova, EB; Pisarenko, OI; Serebriakova, LI; Tskitishvili, OV | 1 |
| Allignet, E; Junco, E; Lemieux, C; Lemieux, G; Perez, R | 1 |
| Manchester, KL; Tyobeka, EM | 1 |
| Lenzen, S; Panten, U; Schmidt, W | 1 |
| Roeder, LM; Stevenson, JH; Tildon, JT | 1 |
| Hertz, L; Kvamme, E; Schousboe, A; Svenneby, G; Torgner, IA | 1 |
| Scaduto, RC; Schoolwerth, AC | 1 |
| Estrela, JM; Meijer, AJ; Verhoeven, AJ | 1 |
| Bos, KD; Slump, P | 1 |
| Gerok, W; Häussinger, D; Meijer, AJ; Sies, H; Soboll, S; Tager, JM | 1 |
| Fagan, JM; Jaspers, SR; Tischler, ME | 1 |
| Nissim, I; Segal, S; Yudkoff, M | 2 |
| Gerok, W; Häussinger, D; Sies, H | 1 |
| Druse, MJ; Rathbun, WE | 1 |
| Pisarenko, OI; Studneva, IM | 1 |
| Evered, DF; Masola, B; Peters, TJ | 1 |
| Hoover, WJ; Keyser, GC; Scaduto, RC; Schoolwerth, AC; Strzelecki, T | 1 |
| Ito, M; Matsumoto, H | 1 |
| Leach, MJ; Marden, CM; Miller, AA; O'Donnell, RA; Weston, SB | 1 |
| Ivanov, VE; Novikova, EB; Pisarenko, OI; Serebryakova, LI; Studneva, IM; Tskitishvili, OV | 1 |
| Ivanov, VE; Lepilin, MG; Pisarenko, OI | 1 |
| Park, CH; Welbourne, TC | 1 |
| Jacob, S; Jaspers, SR; Tischler, ME | 1 |
| Arst, HN; Grenson, M; Wiame, JM | 1 |
| Denis, C; Murat, JC; Trocheris, V; Viallard, V | 1 |
| Allen, IC; Grieve, A; Griffiths, R | 1 |
| Cook, PH; Henriksen, EJ; Jacob, S; Tischler, ME | 1 |
| Grisar, TM | 1 |
| Hummeler, K; Medow, M; Nissim, I; Pleasure, D; Yudkoff, M | 1 |
| Holm, E; Leweling, H; Ritz, R; Saeger, HD; Striebel, JP | 1 |
| Martin, DL; Waniewski, RA | 1 |
| Henriksson, J; Katz, A; Sahlin, K | 1 |
| Kaback, HR; Poonian, MS; Sarkar, HK; Viitanen, PV | 1 |
| Welbourne, TC | 1 |
| Bier, DM; Darmaun, D; Matthews, DE | 1 |
| Joy, K; Ta, TC | 1 |
| Costello, CE; Pang, H; Tornheim, K | 1 |
| Fuchimura, K; Ikehara, M; Morioka, H; Nishikawa, S; Ohtsuka, E; Tanaka, T; Uesugi, S | 1 |
| Hertz, L; Lacoste, L; Lapointe, J | 1 |
| Fu-Long, T; Gundersen, V; Laake, JH; Nordbø, G; Ottersen, OP; Storm-Mathisen, J | 1 |
| Bradford, HF; Young, AM | 2 |
| Engelsen, B; Fonnum, F; Westerberg, E; Wieloch, T | 1 |
| Borg, J; Mark, J; Rendon, A; Steib, A | 1 |
| Rollins, DM; Weiss, E; Westfall, HN | 1 |
| Leone, M; Thiel, T | 1 |
| Haworth, JC; Perry, TL; Robinson, BH | 1 |
| Tønnesen, K | 1 |
| Aussel, C; Coudray-Lucas, C; Cynober, L; Giboudeau, J; Lioret, N; Saizy, R; Vaubourdolle, M | 1 |
| Hu, CZ; Li, JD; Yoch, DC | 1 |
| Bobbin, RP; Ceasar, G | 1 |
| Butcher, SP; Hagberg, H; Hamberger, A; Sandberg, M | 1 |
| Engelsen, BA; Fonnum, F; Fosse, VM | 1 |
| Häussinger, D | 1 |
| Manyam, BV | 1 |
| Chen, CH; Tabita, FR; Van Baalen, C | 1 |
| Alger, JR; Behar, KL; Petroff, OA; Prichard, JW; Shulman, RG | 1 |
| Biegel, JA; Bigner, DD; Bigner, SH; Eng, LF; Friedman, HS; Gebhardt, R; Mark, J; Wikstrand, CJ | 1 |
| Lindefors, N; Tossman, U; Ungerstedt, U | 1 |
| Indira, K; Prasad, GV; Rajendra, W | 1 |
| Chomatas, H; Iakovou, D; Linardou, A; Palaiologos, G; Philippidis, H | 1 |
| Johansen, L; Kvamme, E; Roberg, B | 1 |
| Fang, GH; Hager, LP; Kenigsberg, P | 1 |
| Issekutz, B; Szerb, JC | 1 |
| Hyndman, A; Nicklas, WJ; Zeevalk, G | 1 |
| Svenneby, G; Torgner, IA | 1 |
| Buttrose, M; McKellar, D; Welbourne, TC | 1 |
| Kaufmann, CA; Korpi, ER; Marnela, KM; Weinberger, DR | 1 |
| Arima, M; Hayashi, A; Nakazawa, K; Tanaka, H | 1 |
| Lehmann, A | 1 |
| Kanamori, K; Roberts, JD; Weiss, RL | 1 |
| Butterworth, RF; Giguère, JF; Lavoie, J; Layrargues, GP | 1 |
| Date, T; Kagawa, Y; Ohta, S; Ohtsubo, M; Yohda, M; Yoshida, M | 1 |
| Bellon, G; Borel, JP; Monboisse, JC; Randoux, A | 1 |
| Rennie, MJ; Taylor, PM | 1 |
| Harano, K; Harano, T; Nakaya, K; Ueda, S | 1 |
| Chan, PH; Fishman, RA; Yu, AC | 1 |
| Jernigan, HM; Zigler, JS | 1 |
| Adachi, K; Asakura, T; Harano, T; Kim, J; Travitz, R | 1 |
| Brand, K; Fekl, W; Langer, K; Von Hintzenstern, J | 1 |
| Anderson, LW; Strong, JM; Zaharevitz, DW | 1 |
| Cunningham, AM; Earl, JW; Goldsmith, RF | 1 |
| Gnaedinger, JM; Miller, JC; Rapoport, SI | 1 |
| Cangro, CB; Corigliano-Murphy, A; Namboodiri, MA; Neale, JH; Sklar, LA | 1 |
| Bell, EF; Brummel, MC; Filer, LJ; Krause, WL; Stegink, LD; Wolf-Novak, LC; Ziegler, EE | 1 |
| Abbes, S; Ducrocq, R; Elion, J; Fattoum, S; Guemira, F; Hajji, F; Sellami, M | 1 |
| Bier, DM; Darmaun, D; Desjeux, JF; Matthews, DE | 1 |
| Baker, PF; Revest, PA | 1 |
| Bourke, E; Dass, PD; Delaney, V; Lawson, LR | 1 |
| Nissim, I; Segal, S; States, B; Yudkoff, M | 1 |
| Givens, G; Joshi, S; Welbourne, TC | 1 |
| Bhandari, SD; Joshi, SK; McMartin, KE | 1 |
| Ardawi, MS | 1 |
| Fonnum, F; Paulsen, RE | 1 |
| Juurlink, BH | 1 |
| Curi, R; Kowalchuk, JM; Newsholme, EA | 1 |
| Cox, G; Gibson, F; Hatch, L; Howitt, SM; Lightowlers, RN | 1 |
| Adachi, K; Asakura, T; Ballas, S; Kim, J; Surrey, S | 1 |
| Cox, GB; Godovac-Zimmermann, J; Rosenberg, H; Webb, D | 1 |
| Ali, SF; Hikal, AH; Lipe, GW; Newport, GD; Scallet, AC; Slikker, W | 1 |
| Banjac, B; Drewes, LR; Kloiber, O | 1 |
| Bader, DE; Huber, RE; Ring, M | 1 |
| Hertz, L; Palaiologos, G; Schousboe, A | 1 |
| Chance, WT; Enrione, EB; Popp, MB; Wagner, SC | 1 |
| Cook, PH; Henriksen, EJ; Tischler, ME | 1 |
| Brusilow, SW; Cooper, AJ; Filc-DeRicco, S; Gelbard, AS; Nieves, E; Rosenspire, KC | 1 |
| Huntington, GB; Reynolds, CK; Reynolds, PJ; Tyrrell, HF | 1 |
| Nissim, I; Pleasure, D; Yudkoff, M | 1 |
| Contestabile, A; Fonnum, F; Paulsen, RE; Villani, L | 1 |
| Krůsek, J; Vlachová, V; Vyklický, L | 1 |
| Grunewald, RW; Jans, AW; Kinne, RK | 1 |
| Grieshaber, MK; Kreutzer, U; Rösen, P; Wiesner, RJ | 1 |
| Raigorodsky, G; Urca, G | 1 |
| Hoop, B; Kazemi, H; Shih, VE; Systrom, DM | 1 |
| Bourke, E; Diaz, G; Frindt, G; Gonzalez, G; Lizana, J | 1 |
| Bannai, S; Ishii, T | 1 |
| Golden, MH; Jackson, AA; Jahoor, F | 1 |
| Thompson, JR; Wu, GY | 1 |
| Escalante, L; Lucas, MT; Sánchez, S; Schwartz, R; Vázquez, G | 1 |
| Kapetanovic, IM; Kupferberg, HJ; Torchin, CD; Yonekawa, WD | 1 |
| Brodin, L; Grillner, S; Ohta, Y; Tossman, U; Ungerstedt, U | 1 |
| Schäfer, G; Schauder, P | 1 |
| Berrington, JM; Johnson, AW; Losowsky, MS; Manning, A; Walker, I | 1 |
| Mott, J; Sherman, AD | 1 |
| Beani, L; Bianchi, C; Moneti, G; Moroni, F; Tanganelli, S | 1 |
| Blondin, J; Delmez, JA; Klahr, S; Rutherford, WE | 1 |
| Gurd, FR; Jones, BN; Meuth, JL | 1 |
| Hong, JS; Masters, PS | 1 |
| Kvamme, E; Lenda, K | 1 |
| Alleyne, GA; McFarlane-Anderson, N | 1 |
| Metzler, H | 1 |
| Malaisse, WJ; Malaisse-Lagae, F; Sener, A | 2 |
| Bowness, KM; Faik, P; Morgan, MJ | 1 |
| Coleman, PS; Lavietes, BB | 1 |
| Carr, NG; Gupta, M | 1 |
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| Bogner, W; Handschuh, P; Lanzenberger, R; Reed, MB; Spies, M; Spurny-Dworak, B; Vanicek, T | 1 |
| Chen, RS; Liang, SL; Liao, WL | 1 |
| de Chastelain, A; DeMayo, MM; Harris, AD; McPeak, A; Miller, JV; Noel, M; Pigott, T; Rasic, N; Rayner, L | 1 |
| Bagautdinova, J; Delavari, F; Eliez, S; Mancini, V; Saleh, MG | 1 |
| Gouda, H; Jo, M; Kanayama, D; Koizumi, K; Mizuguchi, M; Mori, H; Nabeshima, Y; Obita, T; Okada, T; Suzuki, M; Toyooka, N; Watanabe, Y | 1 |
| Alvarado, E; Canalda-Baltrons, A; Clària, J; Cuyàs, B; Escorsell, À; Guarner, C; Laghi, L; Lan, Q; Manichanh, C; Nieto, JC; Poca, M; Román, E; Sánchez, E; Sánchez-Rodríguez, MB; Soriano, G; Vidal, S | 1 |
| Bagshawe, M; Bell, TK; Boudes, E; DeMayo, MM; Harris, AD; Lebel, C; Perdue, MV | 1 |
| Gao, J; Guo, G; Luo, G; Quan, D; Wang, S; Yao, S; Zheng, H | 1 |
| Baker, EH; Dang Do, AN; Farmer, CA; Porter, FD; Soldatos, AG; Thurm, AE | 1 |
| Durante, W | 1 |
| Du, X; Gao, Y; Li, X; Li, Y; Liu, S; Wang, D; Xu, Y; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Y | 1 |
| Baumgartner, MR; Bavato, F; Beste, C; Cole, DM; Coray, R; Friedli, N; Oeltzschner, G; Opitz, A; Quednow, BB; Seifritz, E; Steuer, AE; Stock, AK; Werner, A; Zimmermann, J; Zölch, N | 1 |
| Gâz, ȘA; Lungu, IA; Moldovan, OL; Rusu, A; Sandulea, A | 1 |
| Barantin, L; Bonnet-Brilhault, F; Briend, F; Cléry, H; Cottier, JP; Gomot, M; Houy-Durand, E | 1 |
| Bellosta, P; Vanoni, MA; Vitali, T | 1 |
| Pavlova, I; Ruda-Kucerova, J | 1 |
| Boeker, H; Ernst, J; Grimm, S; Lehmann, M; Richter, A; Seifritz, E; Wade-Bohleber, L; Zoelch, N | 1 |
| Chen, C; Du, G; Gao, L; Li, M; Qin, X; Yang, L; Zhou, Y | 1 |
| Benayoun, C; Cigognini, AC; Dellanoce, C; Demartini, B; Ferrucci, R; Gambini, O; Mrakic-Sposta, S; Nisticò, V; Priori, A; Vezzoli, A | 1 |
| Banerjee, R; Datta, I; Holla, V; Kamble, N; Kumar Pal, P; Potdar, C; Raj, A; Yadav, R | 1 |
| Aoki, YY; Fujino, J; Hashimoto, RI; Higuchi, M; Itahashi, T; Kato, N; Kubota, M; Matsuoka, K; Nakamura, M; Obata, T; Ohta, H; Oya, M; Seki, C; Shimada, H; Sugihara, G; Suhara, T; Tagai, K; Takado, Y; Takahashi, H; Takahata, K; Tei, S; Yamamoto, Y; Zhang, MR | 1 |
| An, L; Shen, J | 1 |
| Ai, K; Huang, W; Liu, G; Wang, J; Xu, K; Zhang, J | 1 |
| Li, Y; Liu, XF; Lu, JJ; Qiang, JW; Yang, XY | 1 |
| Obed Okwoli, A | 1 |
| Kawahara, JI; Kihara, K; Kochiyama, T; Kondo, HM; Shimada, Y; Terashima, H | 1 |
| Duan, Y; Lai, J; Li, L; Shao, L; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Xing, X; Yang, Z | 1 |
| Chen, Z; Doria, A; Hu, FB; Hu, Y; Manson, JE; Rimm, EB; Sun, Q | 1 |
| Dąbrowska-Bouta, B; Sidoryk-Węgrzynowicz, M; Strużyńska, L; Sulkowski, G | 1 |
| Fu, J; Gao, X; Liu, S; Lu, F; Lu, Y; Mohammed, SAD; Nan, Y; Wang, T; Wang, Y | 1 |
| Cudalbu, C; Gruetter, R; Lanz, B; Mosso, J; Simicic, D | 1 |
| Abegg, MA; Alvarenga, FBM; Bai, FY; Barros, KO; Han, PJ; Rosa, CA; Santos, ARO; Shang, YJ; Souza, GFL; Wang, QM; Yu, HT; Zhu, HY | 1 |
| Brunovský, M; Fajnerová, I; Greguš, D; Horáček, J; Kosová, E; Pajuelo, D; Stopková, P | 1 |
| Andersen, JV; McNair, LM; Waagepetersen, HS | 1 |
| Grochecki, P; Kochalska, K; Kotlinska, JH; Marszalek-Grabska, M; Matosiuk, D; Michalak, A; Ner-Kluza, J; Pankowska, A; Suder, P | 1 |
| Hatay, GH; Ozturk-Isik, E | 1 |
| Moulard, J; Rouach, N | 1 |
214 review(s) available for glutamine and glutamic acid
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Nitrogen metabolism: neuronal-astroglial relationships.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Cell Communication; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Nitrogen; Synaptosomes; Veratridine | 1992 |
Ultrastructural immunocytochemical observations on the localization, metabolism and transport of glutamate in normal and ischemic brain tissue.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Ischemia; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycoproteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Rats | 1992 |
Altered glutamatergic mechanisms and selective motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: possible role of glycine.
Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Motor Neurons; Nerve Degeneration; Synaptic Transmission | 1991 |
Biochemical considerations in 1H spectroscopy. Glutamate and glutamine; myo-inositol and related metabolites.
Topics: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Chemical; Protons | 1991 |
Nonenzymatic deamidation of asparaginyl and glutaminyl residues in proteins.
Topics: Amides; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Processing, Post-Translational | 1991 |
Metabolism and role of glutamate in mammalian brain.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Biological Transport; Brain; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hypoglycemia; Hypoxia; Mammals; Neurons; Synaptosomes | 1990 |
Nitrogen catabolite repression in yeasts and filamentous fungi.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Asparagine; Aspergillus nidulans; Biological Transport; Fungi; Genes, Fungal; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Membrane Transport Proteins; Neurospora crassa; Nitrogen; Proline; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Yeasts | 1985 |
Neuron-glia relationships in human and experimental epilepsy: a biochemical point of view.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Carbonic Anhydrases; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Humans; Ions; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Potassium; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase | 1986 |
Influence of precursors on brain GABA level.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Sodium Glutamate | 1987 |
Interactions between neurons and glia in glutamate/glutamine compartmentation.
Topics: Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kainic Acid; Neuroglia; Neurons | 1987 |
Localization and function of glutamine synthetase and glutaminase.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Phosphates | 1987 |
Bioenergetics of tumor cells: glutamine metabolism in tumor cell mitochondria.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Intracellular Membranes; Mitochondria; Neoplasms, Experimental | 1987 |
Membrane cholesterol, tumorigenesis, and the biochemical phenotype of neoplasia.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Division; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cholesterol; Citric Acid Cycle; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lipid Bilayers; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Membrane Lipids; Mitochondria; Mitochondria, Liver; Models, Biological; Neoplasms; Oxygen Consumption; Phenotype; Purines; Pyrimidines; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Surface Properties | 1981 |
Amino acid traffic in sheep.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Transport; Erythrocytes; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Liver; Sheep | 1981 |
Glutamate metabolism in the retina: a larger perspective.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Enzyme Induction; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Retina; Species Specificity | 1984 |
Amino acid metabolism in the central nervous system: role of glutamate dehydrogenase.
Topics: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Animals; Central Nervous System; Cerebellar Ataxia; Enzyme Activation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Leucine; Mitochondria; NADP; Nerve Endings; Neuroglia; Rats; Syndrome | 1984 |
Divergence of glutamate and glutamine aminoacylation pathways: providing the evolutionary rationale for mischarging.
Topics: Acylation; Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases; Anticodon; Biological Evolution; Eukaryotic Cells; Genetic Code; Glutamate-tRNA Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Models, Genetic; Nitrogenous Group Transferases; Prokaryotic Cells; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl; RNA, Transfer, Gln; RNA, Transfer, Glu; Transferases | 1995 |
Brain glutamate metabolism: neuronal-astroglial relationships.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurons | 1993 |
Glutamate and glutamine metabolism and compartmentation in astrocytes.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Compartmentation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 1993 |
Utilization of glutamine and of TCA cycle constituents as precursors for transmitter glutamate and GABA.
Topics: Animals; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 1993 |
The high affinity uptake system for excitatory amino acids in the brain.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Brain; Excitatory Amino Acids; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 1994 |
The regulation of nitrogen utilization in enteric bacteria.
Topics: Ammonia; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; DNA-Binding Proteins; Enterobacteriaceae; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Nitrogen; Operon; Phosphorylation; PII Nitrogen Regulatory Proteins; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Trans-Activators; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic | 1993 |
Neuronal-astrocytic interactions in glutamate metabolism.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Communication; Citric Acid Cycle; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents | 1993 |
Metabolic trafficking between neurons and astrocytes: the glutamate/glutamine cycle revisited.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurons | 1995 |
Glutamine metabolism and transport in skeletal muscle and heart and their clinical relevance.
Topics: Alanine; Biological Transport; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Myocardium | 1996 |
Modulation of transport systems for neutral and anionic amino acids in mesenchymal cells.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Amino Acid Transport Systems; Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Carrier Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Mesoderm; Models, Biological; Osmotic Pressure; Up-Regulation; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1996 |
Use of fluorocitrate and fluoroacetate in the study of brain metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Citrates; Citric Acid Cycle; Fluoroacetates; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neuroglia | 1997 |
Amino acid metabolism and the energetics of growth.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Growth; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Biosynthesis; Proteins | 1998 |
Effects of hyperammonaemia on brain function.
Topics: Ammonia; Astrocytes; Brain; Brain Diseases; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Receptors, Glutamate | 1998 |
Interpreting functional imaging studies in terms of neurotransmitter cycling.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mental Processes; Models, Neurological; Models, Psychological; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Signal Transduction; Tomography, Emission-Computed | 1998 |
Functional energy metabolism: in vivo 13C-NMR spectroscopy evidence for coupling of cerebral glucose consumption and glutamatergic neuronalactivity.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Biological; Neurons; Oxidation-Reduction | 1998 |
Synthesis of glutamate and its regulation.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Protein Precursors; Transaminases | 1998 |
1H MR spectroscopy in patients with mesial temporal epilepsy.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 1998 |
Astrocytes: glutamate producers for neurons.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurons; Oxidation-Reduction | 1999 |
In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of the relationship between the glutamate-glutamine neurotransmitter cycle and functional neuroenergetics.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Neurological; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nitrogen Isotopes; Rats; Tomography, Emission-Computed | 1999 |
[Streptomyces L-glutamate oxidase: use in clinical and fundamental medicine].
Topics: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biosensing Techniques; Central Nervous System; Creatinine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnesium; Mammals; NAD; NADP; Streptomyces; Urea | 1999 |
Newer aspects of glutamine/glutamate metabolism: the role of acute pH changes.
Topics: Animals; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Time Factors | 1999 |
Quantitative 13C NMR studies of metabolic compartmentation in the adult mammalian brain.
Topics: Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuroglia; Neurons | 1999 |
High extracellular glutamate and neuronal death in neurological disorders. Cause, contribution or consequence?
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Animals; Calcium; Cell Death; Cortical Spreading Depression; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Exocytosis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nervous System Diseases; Neurons; Potassium; Potassium Channel Blockers; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Sodium Channel Blockers; Tetrodotoxin | 1999 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human brain in schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Protons; Schizophrenia | 2000 |
Glutamine and glutamate exchange between the fetal liver and the placenta.
Topics: Animals; Female; Fetus; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Labor, Obstetric; Liver; Placenta; Pregnancy | 2000 |
Glutamine and glutamate metabolism across the liver sinusoid.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Liver; Urea | 2000 |
Glutamate, a window on liver intermediary metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Gluconeogenesis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Liver; Tissue Extracts | 2000 |
Compartmentation of brain glutamate metabolism in neurons and glia.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neuroglia; Neurons; Synaptic Transmission | 2000 |
Alterations in neurochemistry during retinal degeneration.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Neurotransmitter Agents; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate; Rats; Retina; Retinal Degeneration; Retinitis Pigmentosa; Time Factors | 2000 |
Neuroprotection by glutamine synthetase.
Topics: Animals; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Nerve Degeneration; Neuroglia; Neuroprotective Agents; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Retina | 2000 |
Studies of metabolic compartmentation and glucose transport using in vivo MRS.
Topics: Astrocytes; Biological Transport; Brain; Diabetes Mellitus; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muscles; Neurons | 2001 |
Metabolite and light regulation of metabolism in plants: lessons from the study of a single biochemical pathway.
Topics: Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic; Arabidopsis; Asparagine; Aspartate-Ammonia Ligase; Aspartic Acid; Carbon; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Light; Nitrogen; Receptors, Glutamate | 2001 |
Transfer of glutamine between astrocytes and neurons.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems; Animals; Astrocytes; Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Neurons | 2001 |
Glutamate uptake.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Anesthetics; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Bone and Bones; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Ethanol; Extracellular Space; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; HIV Infections; Humans; Intracellular Fluid; Ion Channel Gating; Ion Channels; Ion Transport; Ischemia; Male; Mammals; Mercury Poisoning; Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nervous System Diseases; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Organ Specificity; Placenta; Potassium; Pregnancy; Protein Conformation; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Sodium; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Viscera | 2001 |
Glutamine: the emperor or his clothes?
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Brain Chemistry; Carbon; Energy Metabolism; Evolution, Molecular; Gluconeogenesis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Models, Chemical; Nitrogen; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Substrate Cycling | 2001 |
Interaction between glutamine availability and metabolism of glycogen, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and glutathione.
Topics: Animals; Citric Acid Cycle; Clinical Trials as Topic; Exercise; Glucans; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Glycogen; Humans; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle, Skeletal; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardium; Perfusion | 2001 |
In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance studies of glutamate-gamma-aminobutyric acid-glutamine cycling in rodent and human cortex: the central role of glutamine.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Astrocytes; Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurons; Nitrogen Isotopes; Rats | 2001 |
Glutamine and the bowel.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Dietary Supplements; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Immunity; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Large; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Swine | 2001 |
Glutamine in the fetus and critically ill low birth weight neonate: metabolism and mechanism of action.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Cross Infection; Female; Fetus; Glucosamine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Nutritional Support; Pregnancy | 2001 |
Role of glutamine in cerebral nitrogen metabolism and ammonia neurotoxicity.
Topics: Ammonia; Astrocytes; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Neurotoxins; Nitrogen; Osmotic Pressure | 2001 |
Glutamine: an anaplerotic precursor.
Topics: Alanine; Citric Acid Cycle; Exercise; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal | 2002 |
Interaction of cytosolic and plastidic nitrogen metabolism in plants.
Topics: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Ammonia; Biological Transport; Cycadopsida; Cytosol; Dicarboxylic Acid Transporters; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Models, Biological; Nitrogen; Phylogeny; Plants; Plastids | 2002 |
The regulation of ammonium translocation in plants.
Topics: Amines; Amino Acids; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Cation Transport Proteins; Cell Wall; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nitrates; Plant Proteins; Plant Structures; Plants; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 2002 |
Neurotransmission in the vestibular endorgans--glutamatergic transmission in the afferent synapses of hair cells.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner; Neurons, Afferent; Receptors, Glutamate; Synaptic Transmission | 2001 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic approaches to studying neuronal: glial interactions.
Topics: Animals; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuroglia; Neurons | 2002 |
II. Glutamine and glutamate.
Topics: Animals; Disease; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Health; Humans | 2002 |
The complementary membranes forming the blood-brain barrier.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 2002 |
Mitochondria as the conductor of metabolic signals for insulin exocytosis in pancreatic beta-cells.
Topics: Animals; DNA, Mitochondrial; Exocytosis; Glucose; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Mitochondria; Signal Transduction | 2002 |
Glutamine and glutamate--their central role in cell metabolism and function.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Immune System; Intestinal Mucosa; Islets of Langerhans; Kidney; Liver; Models, Biological; Nitrogen | 2003 |
Gamma-fluorinated analogues of glutamic acid and glutamine.
Topics: Fluorine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Models, Chemical; Molecular Structure; Stereoisomerism | 2003 |
Cerebral metabolism and consciousness.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Brain; Consciousness; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Oxidation-Reduction | 2003 |
Ammonia assimilation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Ammonia; Carrier Proteins; Cation Transport Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Glucose; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Synthase (NADH); Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Models, Chemical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins | 2003 |
Compartmentation of glutamine, glutamate, and GABA metabolism in neurons and astrocytes: functional implications.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurons | 2003 |
[The metabolic coupling of glutamate and glutamine between astrocytes and neurons].
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurons | 2003 |
Glutamate metabolism in primary cultures of rat brain astrocytes: rationale and initial efforts toward developing a compartmental model.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Computer Simulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Models, Neurological; Rats | 2003 |
Glutamate synthase: a fascinating pathway from L-glutamine to L-glutamate.
Topics: Catalytic Domain; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ligands; Models, Molecular; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Conformation; Signal Transduction | 2004 |
[Memantine (Ebixa), glutaminergic modulator].
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Donepezil; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Indans; Memantine; Piperidines | 2004 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic evaluation of brain tumor metabolism.
Topics: Alanine; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine | 2004 |
Neural reapportionment: an hypothesis to account for the function of sleep.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Compartmentation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Mitochondria; Models, Neurological; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Vertebrates; Wakefulness | 2004 |
Astrocytic control of glutamatergic activity: astrocytes as stars of the show.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Glucose; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Synapses | 2004 |
Glutamate metabolism in the gut.
Topics: Animals; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa | 2003 |
[Glutamate, glutamine and ischaemia in the central nervous system].
Topics: Brain; Brain Ischemia; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Humans; Neuroglia; Neurons; Receptors, Glutamate; Synaptic Transmission | 2005 |
Glutamatergic hypothesis of schizophrenia: involvement of Na+/K+-dependent glutamate transport.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Central Nervous System; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Models, Biological; Neurotransmitter Agents; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Synapses | 2005 |
Structure of the blood-brain barrier and its role in the transport of amino acids.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; Sodium | 2006 |
Gut-trophic feed additives and their effects upon the gut structure and intestinal metabolism. State of the art in the pig, and perspectives towards humans.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Arginine; Cell Proliferation; Diarrhea; Dietary Supplements; Epithelial Cells; Gastrointestinal Tract; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Intestine, Small; Nucleotides; Probiotics; Swine | 2006 |
Transglutaminases: a meeting point for wheat allergy, celiac disease, and food safety.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Asthma, Exercise-Induced; Bacterial Proteins; Celiac Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross Reactions; Cross-Linking Reagents; Dietary Proteins; Digestion; Edible Grain; Epitopes; Food Additives; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutens; Humans; Industrial Microbiology; Intestinal Mucosa; Plant Proteins; Prolamins; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Streptomyces; Substrate Specificity; Transglutaminases; Triticum; Wheat Hypersensitivity | 2005 |
What have we learned from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy about schizophrenia? A critical update.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Cross-Over Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Protons; Schizophrenia; Temporal Lobe | 2006 |
Neurochemical alterations of the brain in bipolar disorder and their implications for pathophysiology: a systematic review of the in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Brain Chemistry; Child; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2006 |
Pathways from glutamine to apoptosis.
Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neoplasms; Neurons; Oxidative Stress; Signal Transduction | 2006 |
Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain; Brain Edema; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing); Carnitine; Diagnosis, Differential; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Valproic Acid | 2006 |
The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle: aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Biological Transport; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Humans | 2006 |
Energy metabolism in astrocytes: high rate of oxidative metabolism and spatiotemporal dependence on glycolysis/glycogenolysis.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain Chemistry; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogenolysis; Glycolysis; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Oxidation-Reduction | 2007 |
Is Huntington's a glutamine storage disease?
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Brain; Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Huntingtin Protein; Huntington Disease; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nuclear Proteins; Peptides | 2006 |
Amino acid catabolic pathways of lactic acid bacteria.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Aromatic; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Asparagine; Aspartate Ammonia-Lyase; Aspartic Acid; Biodegradation, Environmental; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Lactic Acid; Lactobacillus; Proline | 2006 |
The glutamate-glutamine cycle as an inducible, protective face of macrophage activation.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HIV Infections; Humans; Macrophages; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Models, Immunological; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2006 |
Control of brain glutamine synthesis by NMDA receptors.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2007 |
Glutamate-glutamine cycling in Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cell Membrane; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Models, Neurological; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2007 |
Pathophysiology of glutamine and glutamate metabolism in premature infants.
Topics: Bacterial Translocation; Clinical Trials as Topic; Critical Illness; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Inflammation | 2007 |
Oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Free Radicals; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Macrophage Activation; Microglia; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Oxidative Stress | 2007 |
The glutamate-glutamine cycle is not stoichiometric: fates of glutamate in brain.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurons | 2007 |
The neurotransmitter cycle and quantal size.
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Membrane Potentials; Neurotransmitter Agents; Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins; Proton Pumps; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptic Vesicles | 2007 |
Energy metabolism in brain cells: effects of elevated ammonia concentrations.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Neurons; Pyruvic Acid | 2007 |
Reconstruction and flux analysis of coupling between metabolic pathways of astrocytes and neurons: application to cerebral hypoxia.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypoxia, Brain; Kinetics; Lipids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Neurological; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2007 |
The micro-architecture of the cerebral cortex: functional neuroimaging models and metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Humans; Lactates; Models, Neurological; Models, Statistical; NAD; Oxidative Phosphorylation | 2008 |
(1)H MR spectroscopy in pediatrics.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine | 2008 |
Biologic basis of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Antimanic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Child; Energy Metabolism; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lithium Compounds; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuropsychological Tests | 2008 |
Comparative aspects of tissue glutamine and proline metabolism.
Topics: Amino Acids; Arginine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Mucosa; Kidney; Liver; Proline; Splanchnic Circulation | 2008 |
Ketosis and brain handling of glutamate, glutamine, and GABA.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Diet, Ketogenic; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketosis | 2008 |
Applications for magnetic resonance imaging in bipolar disorder.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2007 |
[Molecular mechanism of Helicobacter pylori-mediated pathogenesis].
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Apoptosis; Epithelial Cells; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Helicobacter pylori; Hydrolysis; Oxidative Stress; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer | 2008 |
Human fetal brain chemistry as detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Fetus; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Protons; Pyruvic Acid | 2009 |
13C NMR tracers in neurochemistry: implications for molecular imaging.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lithium; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Biological; Molecular Imaging; Neurochemistry; Rats | 2009 |
Proline and hydroxyproline metabolism: implications for animal and human nutrition.
Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Arginine; Birds; Chickens; Collagen; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Fishes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Milk; Nutritional Requirements; Proline; Pyrroles; Swine | 2011 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of glutamate-related abnormalities in mood disorders.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mood Disorders; Neurons | 2010 |
BJSM reviews: A to Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance--part 18.
Topics: Athletic Performance; Dietary Supplements; Exercise; Free Radicals; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans | 2011 |
Peripheral and central mechanisms of orofacial inflammatory pain.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Facial Pain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inflammation; Models, Biological; Neuroglia; Sensory Receptor Cells; Signal Transduction; Trigeminal Nerve; Trigeminal Nuclei | 2011 |
Glutamate in schizophrenia: a focused review and meta-analysis of ¹H-MRS studies.
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia | 2013 |
13C MRS studies of neuroenergetics and neurotransmitter cycling in humans.
Topics: Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2011 |
Roles of glutamine in neurotransmission.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Models, Biological; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Neurotransmitter Agents; Synaptic Transmission | 2010 |
MR spectroscopic studies of the brain in psychiatric disorders.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mental Disorders | 2012 |
Exploiting metabolic differences in glioma therapy.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; NAD; NADP; Signal Transduction | 2012 |
Imaging central neurochemical alterations in chronic pain with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Analgesics; Brain; Chronic Pain; Drug Discovery; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuroimaging; Precision Medicine | 2012 |
Roles of glutamine synthetase inhibition in epilepsy.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 2012 |
Age-related change in brain metabolite abnormalities in autism: a meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Aspartic Acid; Asperger Syndrome; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cell Division; Cephalometry; Child; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Child, Preschool; Choline; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuroglia; Reference Values; Young Adult | 2012 |
Brain glutamate levels measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Child; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2012 |
Primary cultures of astrocytes: their value in understanding astrocytes in health and disease.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Gene Expression Profiling; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 2012 |
Manganese toxicity in the central nervous system: the glutamine/glutamate-γ-aminobutyric acid cycle.
Topics: Central Nervous System; Dementia; Evidence-Based Medicine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Manganese; Parkinson Disease | 2013 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a probe into the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD): a review.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Choline; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2013 |
Role of astrocytes in manganese mediated neurotoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Manganese; Neurotoxicity Syndromes | 2013 |
A systematic review and meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mismatch negativity in bipolar disorder.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Evoked Potentials; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Protons | 2013 |
Association between a genetic variant related to glutamic acid metabolism and coronary heart disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genotype; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk; United States | 2013 |
Evidence of a vicious cycle in glutamine synthesis and breakdown in pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy-therapeutic perspectives.
Topics: Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Ammonia; Brain; Critical Illness; Drug Interactions; Enterocytes; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Intestines; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kidney; Liver; Microbiota; Muscle, Skeletal; Organ Specificity; Phenylbutyrates | 2014 |
Disruption of glutamate-glutamine-GABA cycle significantly impacts on suicidal behaviour: survey of the literature and own findings on glutamine synthetase.
Topics: Brain; Case-Control Studies; Cell Count; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroglia; Schizophrenia; Suicide; Synaptic Transmission | 2013 |
Glutamate and glutamine: a review of in vivo MRS in the human brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2013 |
Use of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: a critical update.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mental Disorders; Protons; Treatment Outcome | 2013 |
Magnetic resonance of the brain in chronic and acute liver failure.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Edema; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Lactic Acid; Liver Failure; Liver Failure, Acute; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuroimaging | 2014 |
Astrocyte glutamine synthetase: pivotal in health and disease.
Topics: Ammonia; Astrocytes; Disease; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Health; Humans | 2013 |
Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the healthy brain.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2014 |
Glutamate as chemotactic fuel for diffuse glioma cells: are they glutamate suckers?
Topics: Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chemotaxis; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase | 2014 |
Effects of diabetes on brain metabolism--is brain glycogen a significant player?
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Citric Acid Cycle; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Humans; Lactates; Models, Biological; Models, Neurological; Neurons; Rats | 2015 |
Could glutamate spectroscopy differentiate bipolar depression from unipolar?
Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2014 |
The glutamine-glutamate/GABA cycle: function, regional differences in glutamate and GABA production and effects of interference with GABA metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice | 2015 |
Glutamate-glutamine cycle and exchange in the placenta-fetus unit during late pregnancy.
Topics: Animals; Female; Fetal Development; Fetus; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Placenta; Pregnancy | 2015 |
PET and MR imaging of neuroinflammation in hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Brain Edema; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hyperammonemia; Imidazoles; Inflammation; Isoquinolines; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Microglia; Mitochondria; Multimodal Imaging; Neuroimaging; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Positron-Emission Tomography; Psychometrics; Pyrazoles; Pyrimidines; Rats | 2015 |
Glutamate Transporters/Na(+), K(+)-ATPase Involving in the Neuroprotective Effect as a Potential Regulatory Target of Glutamate Uptake.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Models, Biological; Neuroprotective Agents; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase | 2016 |
Glucose metabolism and astrocyte-neuron interactions in the neonatal brain.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Brain; Citric Acid Cycle; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Ketone Bodies; Milk; Neurons; Pentose Phosphate Pathway; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Rats | 2015 |
The functional polymorphism of NBS1 p.Glu185Gln is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in Chinese populations: case-control and a meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amino Acid Substitution; Case-Control Studies; Cell Cycle Proteins; China; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Nuclear Proteins; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Factors | 2014 |
Critical Evaluation of the Changes in Glutamine Synthetase Activity in Models of Cerebral Stroke.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Reperfusion Injury; Stroke | 2015 |
Alterations of amino acid metabolism in osteoarthritis: its implications for nutrition and health.
Topics: Arginine; Creatinine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homoarginine; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Immunologic Factors; Inflammation; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Status; Osteoarthritis; Proline; Tryptophan | 2016 |
Nonessential amino acid metabolism in breast cancer.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Breast Neoplasms; Cysteine; Diet Therapy; Female; Food Deprivation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Proline; Serine | 2016 |
Cancer metabolism: a therapeutic perspective.
Topics: Acetyl Coenzyme A; Adaptation, Physiological; Amino Acids; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Autophagy; Blood Glucose; Energy Metabolism; Epigenomics; Fatty Acids; Genetic Heterogeneity; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketone Bodies; Lactic Acid; Lipids; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Ribosomes; Neoplasms; Nucleic Acids; Oxidative Stress; Pyruvic Acid; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Transcription Factors; Tumor Microenvironment | 2017 |
Vanishing pineal mass in a young patient without therapy: Case report and review of the literature.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Electroencephalography; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Headache; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pineal Gland; Pinealoma; Recovery of Function; Tomography, X-Ray Computed | 2016 |
Measuring neural excitation and inhibition in autism: Different approaches, different findings and different interpretations.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Brain; Electroencephalography; Gamma Rhythm; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetoencephalography; Neural Inhibition; Young Adult | 2016 |
The use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for assessing the effect of diet on cognition.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Cognition; Creatine; Diet; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurotransmitter Agents; Taurine | 2018 |
[Metabolome analysis of solid tumors].
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; beta-Alanine; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Metabolome; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovary | 2016 |
Body fluid levels of neuroactive amino acids in autism spectrum disorders: a review of the literature.
Topics: Amino Acids; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Body Fluids; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Serine; Taurine; Tryptophan | 2017 |
Evaluation of neuron-glia integrity by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Implications for psychiatric disorders.
Topics: Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mental Disorders; Neuroglia; Neurons; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2016 |
Glutamine Synthetase: Role in Neurological Disorders.
Topics: Ammonia; Astrocytes; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Nervous System Diseases | 2016 |
The Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle in Epilepsy.
Topics: Astrocytes; Epilepsy; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 2016 |
MRS studies of neuroenergetics and glutamate/glutamine exchange in rats: Extensions to hyperammonemic models.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hyperammonemia; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Biological; Rats | 2017 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in Cerebral Autosomal-Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy: A literature review.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; CADASIL; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2017 |
Neuron-glia interaction is a key mechanism underlying persistent orofacial pain.
Topics: Animals; Facial Pain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Microglia; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2017 |
Roles of Glutamate and Glutamine Transport in Ammonia Neurotoxicity: State of the Art and Question Marks.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Amino Acid Transport Systems; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Kinetics; Mitochondria; Neurons | 2018 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy changes after lithium treatment. Systematic review.
Topics: Antimanic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lithium Compounds; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Treatment Outcome | 2018 |
Structure-Function Relationship of Transporters in the Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle of the Central Nervous System.
Topics: Animals; Carrier Proteins; Central Nervous System; Cytoplasm; Extracellular Fluid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation; Structure-Activity Relationship; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptic Vesicles; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Proteins | 2018 |
The Antioxidative Function of Alpha-Ketoglutarate and Its Applications.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Citric Acid Cycle; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress | 2018 |
Poor evidence for putative abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid neurotransmitters in patients with depression versus healthy non-psychiatric individuals: A systematic review and meta-analyses of 23 studies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Male; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Young Adult | 2018 |
Differences in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter levels between depressed patients and healthy controls: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Prefrontal Cortex | 2018 |
Glutamatergic neurometabolite levels in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Synaptic Transmission | 2019 |
Current Practice and New Developments in the Use of In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Assessment of Key Metabolites Implicated in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia | 2018 |
Chronic hyperammonemia alters extracellular glutamate, glutamine and GABA and membrane expression of their transporters in rat cerebellum. Modulation by extracellular cGMP.
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane; Cerebellum; Citrulline; Cyclic GMP; Extracellular Space; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hyperammonemia; Male; Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synaptic Transmission | 2019 |
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of L-Ornithine L-Aspartate (LOLA) in Hepatic Encephalopathy.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Dipeptides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Muscles; Rats; Signal Transduction | 2019 |
Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging to study glutamatergic alterations in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review.
Topics: Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia | 2019 |
Role of Astrocytes in Manganese Neurotoxicity Revisited.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Cell Line; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Manganese; Manganese Poisoning; Neurons | 2019 |
An Overview of Important Enzymes Involved in Nitrogen Assimilation of Plants.
Topics: Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Ammonium Compounds; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nitrate Reductase; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Plants | 2020 |
Astroglial contribution to tau-dependent neurodegeneration.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neurons; tau Proteins | 2019 |
Brain GABA and glutamate levels across pain conditions: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 1H-MRS studies using the MRS-Q quality assessment tool.
Topics: Chronic Pain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Musculoskeletal Pain; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2020 |
The far-reaching HAND of cART: cART effects on astrocytes.
Topics: Aging; AIDS Dementia Complex; Animals; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Astrocytes; Calcium; Cellular Senescence; Central Nervous System; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Mitochondria; Neurocognitive Disorders; Oxidative Stress; Phenotype; Prevalence; Rats | 2021 |
Possibility that the Onset of Autism Spectrum Disorder is Induced by Failure of the Glutamine-Glutamate Cycle.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Brain; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurogenesis; Neuroglia; Neurons; Plant Extracts; Tea | 2021 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in subjects with high risk for psychosis: A meta-analysis and review.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia | 2020 |
Pathophysiology of Hepatic Encephalopathy.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Diabetes Complications; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Histamine; Humans; Inflammation; Liver Cirrhosis; Manganese; Microglia; Oxidative Stress; Serotonin; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2020 |
Excitatory and inhibitory responses in the brain to experimental pain: A systematic review of MR spectroscopy studies.
Topics: Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pain; Pain Threshold | 2020 |
Nutrition and metabolism of glutamate and glutamine in fish.
Topics: Animals; Fishes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nutritional Status | 2020 |
Treatment effects on neurometabolite levels in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia; Thalamus | 2020 |
Free Amino Acids in Human Milk: A Potential Role for Glutamine and Glutamate in the Protection Against Neonatal Allergies and Infections.
Topics: Amino Acids; Breast Feeding; Disease Resistance; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infections; Milk, Human | 2020 |
The Glutamate System as a Crucial Regulator of CNS Toxicity and Survival of HIV Reservoirs.
Topics: Brain; Central Nervous System; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HIV Infections; Humans | 2020 |
Glutaminases regulate glutathione and oxidative stress in cancer.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Energy Metabolism; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Mitochondria; Neoplasms; Oxidative Stress; Signal Transduction; Tumor Microenvironment | 2020 |
A meta-analysis of ultra-high field glutamate, glutamine, GABA and glutathione 1HMRS in psychosis: Implications for studies of psychosis risk.
Topics: Adolescent; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Psychotic Disorders | 2020 |
Novel aspects of glutamine synthetase in ammonia homeostasis.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Brain Diseases; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Liver | 2020 |
Take Advantage of Glutamine Anaplerosis, the Kernel of the Metabolic Rewiring in Malignant Gliomas.
Topics: Central Nervous System; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress | 2020 |
Glutaminase in microglia: A novel regulator of neuroinflammation.
Topics: Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Microglia | 2021 |
The metabolic importance of the glutaminase II pathway in normal and cancerous cells.
Topics: Carbon; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Transaminases | 2022 |
Occipital gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate-glutamine alterations in major depressive disorder: An mrs study and meta-analysis.
Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 2021 |
Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Aquatic Crustaceans.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Diet; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Nutritional Status | 2021 |
Association of Age, Antipsychotic Medication, and Symptom Severity in Schizophrenia With Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Brain Glutamate Level: A Mega-analysis of Individual Participant-Level Data.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Biomarkers; Brain; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Patient Acuity; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia; Young Adult | 2021 |
Brain concentrations of glutamate and GABA in human epilepsy: A review.
Topics: Brain; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 2021 |
Nature of glutamate alterations in substance dependence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies.
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Substance-Related Disorders | 2021 |
Medial Prefrontal Cortex Glutamate Is Reduced in Schizophrenia and Moderated by Measurement Quality: A Meta-analysis of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies.
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia | 2021 |
The Translational Potential of Non-coding RNAs and Multimodal MRI Data Sets as Diagnostic and Differential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Mood Disorders.
Topics: Biomarkers; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Depressive Disorder, Major; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; MicroRNAs; Mood Disorders; RNA, Untranslated | 2021 |
Glutamatergic and GABAergic metabolite levels in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis of
Topics: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia | 2022 |
Frontal neural metabolite changes in schizophrenia and their association with cognitive control: A systematic review.
Topics: Brain; Cognition; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Schizophrenia | 2022 |
Glutamate and N-Acetylaspartate Alterations Observed in Early Phase Psychosis: A Systematic Review of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychotic Disorders | 2022 |
Emerging findings of glutamate-glutamine imbalance in the medial prefrontal cortex in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis of spectroscopy studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Prefrontal Cortex | 2022 |
Metabolic reservoir cycles in cancer.
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen; Humans; Lactic Acid; Neoplasms; Triglycerides | 2022 |
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Associated Changes in Neocortical Metabolites in Major Depression: A Systematic Review.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neocortex; Prefrontal Cortex; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Treatment Outcome | 2022 |
Astrocyte energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Integration of the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Astrocytes; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2022 |
L-Glutamine-, peptidyl- and protein-glutaminases: structural features and applications in the food industry.
Topics: Catalysis; Food Industry; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine | 2022 |
Glutamatergic and N-Acetylaspartate Metabolites in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2022 |
Dysregulation of glutamine/glutamate metabolism in COVID-19 patients: A metabolism study in African population and mini meta-analysis.
Topics: Biomarkers; COVID-19; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Metabolomics | 2023 |
Glutamine metabolism and optimal immune and CNS function.
Topics: Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 2023 |
Glial Glutamine Homeostasis in Health and Disease.
Topics: Astrocytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2023 |
Functional MRS studies of GABA and glutamate/Glx - A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2023 |
Therapeutic Targeting of Glutaminolysis as a Novel Strategy to Combat Cancer Stem Cells.
Topics: Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Stem Cells | 2022 |
Glutamatergic Neurometabolite Levels in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies.
Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Child; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2023 |
Variability and magnitude of brain glutamate levels in schizophrenia: a meta and mega-analysis.
Topics: Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia | 2023 |
Milestone Review: Metabolic dynamics of glutamate and GABA mediated neurotransmission - The essential roles of astrocytes.
Topics: Astrocytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Synaptic Transmission | 2023 |
Glutamine Deficiency Promotes Immune and Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in COVID-19.
Topics: COVID-19; Endothelial Cells; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Vascular Diseases | 2023 |
Brain metabolic derangements examined using
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rodentia | 2023 |
80 trial(s) available for glutamine and glutamic acid
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Aspartame-sweetened beverage: effect on plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults and adults heterozygous for phenylketonuria.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Asparagine; Aspartame; Aspartic Acid; Beverages; Biological Transport; Dipeptides; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heterozygote; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Phenylalanine; Phenylketonurias; Tyrosine | 1987 |
Effects of a parenteral nutrition regimen containing dicarboxylic amino acids on plasma, erythrocyte, and urinary amino acid concentrations of young infants.
Topics: Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic; Aspartic Acid; Erythrocytes; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nitrogen; Parenteral Nutrition | 1983 |
Growth hormone suppression and glutamine flux associated with cardiac surgery.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Coronary Artery Bypass; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Insulin; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Somatostatin | 1994 |
Low plasma glutamine in combination with high glutamate levels indicate risk for loss of body cell mass in healthy individuals: the effect of N-acetyl-cysteine.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Adult; Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Body Weight; Cachexia; Cystine; Exercise; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Tyrosine | 1996 |
Effect of prior O2 breathing on ventilatory response to sustained isocapnic hypoxia in adult humans.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Carbon Dioxide; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hormones; Humans; Hypoxia; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Oxygen; Plasma; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Mechanics | 1996 |
Central effects of acamprosate: part 2. Acamprosate modifies the brain in-vivo proton magnetic resonance spectrum in healthy young male volunteers.
Topics: Acamprosate; Adult; Alcohol Deterrents; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Creatine; Cross-Over Studies; Dipeptides; Double-Blind Method; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Taurine | 1998 |
Thiopental and midazolam do not seem to impede metabolism of glutamate in brain-injured patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alanine; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Ventricles; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Lactates; Midazolam; Middle Aged; Serine; Thiopental | 1999 |
Effects of valproate and other antiepileptic drugs on brain glutamate, glutamine, and GABA in patients with refractory complex partial seizures.
Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Astrocytes; Epilepsy, Complex Partial; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Refractory Period, Electrophysiological; Valproic Acid | 1999 |
In vivo effect of albuterol on methacholine-contracted bronchi in conjunction with salmeterol and formoterol.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Albuterol; Arginine; Bronchi; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchodilator Agents; Ethanolamines; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Formoterol Fumarate; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Homozygote; Humans; Male; Methacholine Chloride; Middle Aged; Muscle Contraction; Polymorphism, Genetic; Salmeterol Xinafoate; Spirometry | 1999 |
Increased detectability of alpha brain glutamate/glutamine in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
Topics: Brain; Brain Ischemia; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypoxia, Brain; Infant, Newborn; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2000 |
Quantitative analysis of short echo time (1)H-MRSI of cerebral gray and white matter.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Calibration; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Choline; Creatine; Dipeptides; Epilepsy; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Phantoms, Imaging; Regression Analysis; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2000 |
Quantitative short echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study of malformations of cortical development causing epilepsy.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Creatine; Dipeptides; Epilepsy; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Nervous System Malformations; Phosphocreatine; Reference Values | 2001 |
Aging alters regional multichemical profile of the human brain: an in vivo 1H-MRS study of young versus middle-aged subjects.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aging; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values | 2001 |
Aging alters the multichemical networking profile of the human brain: an in vivo (1)H-MRS study of young versus middle-aged subjects.
Topics: Adult; Aging; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Net; Organ Specificity | 2001 |
Growth hormone together with glutamine-containing total parenteral nutrition maintains muscle glutamine levels and results in a less negative nitrogen balance after surgical trauma.
Topics: Abdomen; Aged; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Nitrogen; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies | 2001 |
A mathematical model of compartmentalized neurotransmitter metabolism in the human brain.
Topics: Algorithms; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cytosol; Energy Metabolism; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gluconeogenesis; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Biological; Models, Theoretical; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2001 |
Is glutamine beneficial in ischemic heart disease?
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Administration, Oral; Aged; Angina Pectoris; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cardiac Output; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation; Exercise Test; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Heart; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardium; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 2002 |
Astroglial contribution to brain energy metabolism in humans revealed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: elucidation of the dominant pathway for neurotransmitter glutamate repletion and measurement of astrocytic oxidative metabolism.
Topics: Acetates; Adult; Astrocytes; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Ketoglutaric Acids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Neurological; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Neurons; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption | 2002 |
Characterization of oligodendrogliomas using short echo time 1H MR spectroscopic imaging.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Dipeptides; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Oligodendroglioma; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2003 |
Effect of parenteral glutamine supplementation on plasma amino acid concentrations in extremely low-birth-weight infants.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; Male; Nutritional Requirements; Parenteral Nutrition; Phenylalanine; Safety; Tyrosine | 2003 |
Metabolic changes after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left prefrontal cortex: a sham-controlled proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) study of healthy brain.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Biotransformation; Brain Mapping; Case-Control Studies; Dominance, Cerebral; Electric Stimulation; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Tritium | 2003 |
Proton MRS reveals frontal lobe metabolite abnormalities in idiopathic generalized epilepsy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Aspartic Acid; Carnosine; Epilepsy, Generalized; Female; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Protons; Reference Values; Valproic Acid | 2003 |
Antiretroviral treatment alters relationship between MCP-1 and neurometabolites in HIV patients.
Topics: Adult; AIDS Dementia Complex; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Brain; Brain Chemistry; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Chemokine CCL2; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prospective Studies; Viral Load | 2004 |
Lithium and valproic acid treatment effects on brain chemistry in bipolar disorder.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Antimanic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Mapping; Case-Control Studies; Echo-Planar Imaging; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Lithium; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Valproic Acid | 2004 |
Creatine supplementation lowers brain glutamate levels in Huntington's disease.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Creatine; Down-Regulation; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Huntington Disease; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neurologic Examination; Neuroprotective Agents; Pilot Projects; Treatment Outcome | 2005 |
A novel technique to study the brain's response to pain: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cold Temperature; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pressure; Protons; Synaptic Transmission | 2005 |
Assessment of glutamate and glutamine contribution to in vivo N-acetylaspartate quantification in human brain by (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Algorithms; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2005 |
Intravenous glutamine supplementation to head trauma patients leaves cerebral glutamate concentration unaffected.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Craniocerebral Trauma; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parenteral Nutrition | 2006 |
Monitoring for overreaching in rugby league players.
Topics: Adult; Anaerobic Threshold; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Creatine Kinase, MM Form; Cumulative Trauma Disorders; Exercise Tolerance; Football; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Endurance; Physical Exertion; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results; Testosterone; Time Factors | 2007 |
Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid in first-episode psychosis. A 1H-MRS study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Mapping; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Oxidative Stress; Placebos; Psychotic Disorders; Temporal Lobe; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Up-Regulation | 2008 |
High-field MRS study of GABA, glutamate and glutamine in social anxiety disorder: response to treatment with levetiracetam.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anxiety Disorders; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Levetiracetam; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Nootropic Agents; Piracetam | 2008 |
Differential effects of citalopram and reboxetine on cortical Glx measured with proton MR spectroscopy.
Topics: Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Citalopram; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Morpholines; Occipital Lobe; Reboxetine; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Young Adult | 2008 |
Evaluation of the severity of chronic hepatitis C with 3-T1H-MR spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Choline; Fatty Liver; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Severity of Illness Index | 2008 |
The glutamatergic system and its relation to the clinical effect of therapeutic-sleep deprivation in depression - an MR spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Antidepressive Agents; Choline; Creatine; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Parietal Lobe; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Sex Factors; Sleep Deprivation; Treatment Outcome | 2009 |
The pattern of amino acid exchange across the brain is unaffected by intravenous glutamine supplementation in head trauma patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain; Craniocerebral Trauma; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dipeptides; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parenteral Nutrition; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Young Adult | 2008 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic injury and its prognostic value.
Topics: Asphyxia Neonatorum; Basal Ganglia; Choline; Creatine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Infant, Newborn; Logistic Models; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Protons; Severity of Illness Index; Thalamus | 2008 |
A therapeutic dose of zolpidem reduces thalamic GABA in healthy volunteers: a proton MRS study at 4 T.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Brain Chemistry; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Pyridines; Single-Blind Method; Surveys and Questionnaires; Thalamus; Zolpidem | 2009 |
Decreased glutamate/glutamine levels may mediate cytidine's efficacy in treating bipolar depression: a longitudinal proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Chi-Square Distribution; Cytidine; Double-Blind Method; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Protons; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2009 |
Lack of effect of citalopram on magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures of glutamate and glutamine in frontal cortex of healthy volunteers.
Topics: Adult; Citalopram; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Software; Young Adult | 2010 |
Hypothalamic glutamate levels following serotonergic stimulation: a pilot study using 7-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy in healthy volunteers.
Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Carbidopa; Choline; Dopamine Agents; Double-Blind Method; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Granisetron; Humans; Hypothalamus; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Pilot Projects; Serotonin Agents; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2010 |
A phase I, pharmacokinetic, dosage escalation study of creatine monohydrate in subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Brain; Creatine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroprotective Agents | 2010 |
The acute and late CNS glutamine response to benzodiazepine challenge: a pilot pharmacokinetic study using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Aspartic Acid; Benzodiazepines; Brain Mapping; Central Nervous System; Choline; Clonazepam; Creatine; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; GABA Modulators; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Pilot Projects; Protons; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2010 |
Brain biochemical effects of methylphenidate treatment using proton magnetic spectroscopy in youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a controlled pilot study.
Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Methylphenidate; Pilot Projects; Protons; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Radionuclide Imaging | 2012 |
Brainstem metabolites in multiple system atrophy of cerebellar type: 3.0-T magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Aged; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Choline; Creatinine; Dipeptides; Feasibility Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Middle Aged; Multiple System Atrophy; Pons; Protons; Severity of Illness Index | 2011 |
Arginine synthesis from enteral glutamine in healthy adults in the fed state.
Topics: Arginine; Carbon Isotopes; Citrulline; Eating; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Male; Models, Biological; Nitrogen Isotopes; Ornithine; Young Adult | 2011 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of brain metabolite changes after antipsychotic treatment.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Fourier Analysis; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neurons; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizophrenia; Thalamus; Young Adult | 2011 |
Metabolic abnormalities in pain-processing regions of patients with fibromyalgia: a 3T MR spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Chronic Pain; Creatinine; Dipeptides; Female; Fibromyalgia; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Thalamus | 2011 |
Elevated glutamatergic compounds in pregenual anterior cingulate in pediatric autism spectrum disorder demonstrated by 1H MRS and 1H MRSI.
Topics: Adolescent; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Child; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Neurological; Phosphocreatine; Pilot Projects; Radiography | 2012 |
Cingulate biochemistry in heroin users on substitution pharmacotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Buprenorphine; Depression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Functional Neuroimaging; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Inositol; Male; Methadone; Opiate Substitution Treatment | 2013 |
Insula-specific H magnetic resonance spectroscopy reactions in heavy smokers under acute nicotine withdrawal and after oral nicotine substitution.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Carbon Monoxide; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Cortex; Functional Neuroimaging; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices | 2013 |
Metabolite profiles in the anterior cingulate cortex of depressed patients differentiate those taking N-acetyl-cysteine versus placebo.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aspartic Acid; Depressive Disorder, Major; Double-Blind Method; Female; Free Radical Scavengers; Functional Neuroimaging; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress | 2013 |
Acute shift in glutamate concentrations following experimentally induced panic with cholecystokinin tetrapeptide--a 3T-MRS study in healthy subjects.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Creatine; Functional Neuroimaging; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Male; Panic Disorder; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Tetragastrin | 2013 |
Metabolomic analysis reveals extended metabolic consequences of marginal vitamin B-6 deficiency in healthy human subjects.
Topics: Acetates; Adult; Amino Acids; Carnitine; Cystathionine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Male; Metabolomics; Proline; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Young Adult | 2013 |
Glutamine/glutamate metabolism studied with magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging for the characterization of adrenal nodules and masses.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Radiography | 2013 |
Can Lactobacillus acidophilus improve minimal hepatic encephalopathy? A neurometabolite study using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Brain; Choline; Creatinine; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Gastrointestinal Tract; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactulose; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Probiotics | 2013 |
Anterior cingulate cortex and cerebellar hemisphere neurometabolite changes in depression treatment: A 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Aspartic Acid; Cerebellum; Choline; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2014 |
Prolonged continuous intravenous infusion of the dipeptide L-alanine- L-glutamine significantly increases plasma glutamine and alanine without elevating brain glutamate in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alanine; Brain Injuries; Dipeptides; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Severity of Illness Index; Young Adult | 2014 |
Changes in metabolites after treatment with memantine in fibromyalgia. A double-blind randomized controlled trial with magnetic resonance spectroscopy with a 6-month follow-up.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Creatine; Dopamine Agents; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fibromyalgia; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Memantine; Mental Status Schedule; Middle Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome | 2014 |
Excitatory and inhibitory brain metabolites as targets of motor cortex transcranial direct current stimulation therapy and predictors of its efficacy in fibromyalgia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Female; Fibromyalgia; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Pain Measurement; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; Treatment Outcome | 2015 |
Effect of L-theanine on glutamatergic function in patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Schizophrenia; Sleep; Treatment Outcome | 2015 |
Dietary supplementation with glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid improves growth performance and serum parameters in 22- to 35-day-old broilers exposed to hot environment.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Proteins; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heat Stress Disorders; Hormones; Hot Temperature; Male; Poultry Diseases; Triglycerides | 2016 |
In vivo effects of ketamine on glutamate-glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Proof of concept.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketamine; Male; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Treatment Outcome | 2015 |
Glutamatergic system abnormalities in posttraumatic stress disorder.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic | 2015 |
Supplementation of antipsychotic treatment with sarcosine – GlyT1 inhibitor – causes changes of glutamatergic (1)NMR spectroscopy parameters in the left hippocampus in patients with stable schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Double-Blind Method; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Hippocampus; Humans; Inositol; Male; Middle Aged; Sarcosine; Schizophrenia; Young Adult | 2015 |
Effects of the potential lithium-mimetic, ebselen, on brain neurochemistry: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 7 tesla.
Topics: Adult; Azoles; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Isoindoles; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Occipital Lobe; Organoselenium Compounds; Young Adult | 2016 |
Online Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Real Time on Human Prefrontal and Striatal Metabolites.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; Double-Blind Method; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; Young Adult | 2016 |
Temporal Dynamics of Antidepressant Ketamine Effects on Glutamine Cycling Follow Regional Fingerprints of AMPA and NMDA Receptor Densities.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Ketamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2017 |
1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of glutamate-related abnormality in bipolar disorder.
Topics: Adult; Basal Ganglia; Biomarkers; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged | 2017 |
Utility of Imaging-Based Biomarkers for Glutamate-Targeted Drug Development in Psychotic Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Biomarkers; Brain; Drug Development; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketamine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neuroimaging; Oxygen; Psychotic Disorders; Receptors, Glutamate; Schizophrenia; Young Adult | 2018 |
7T
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketamine; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2018 |
Intralipid/Heparin Infusion Alters Brain Metabolites Assessed With 1H-MRS Spectroscopy in Young Healthy Men.
Topics: Adult; Anticoagulants; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Emulsions; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Healthy Volunteers; Heparin; Hippocampus; Humans; Inositol; Male; Phospholipids; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Soybean Oil | 2018 |
Quantitation of the arginine family amino acids in the blood of full-term infants perinatally in relation to their birth weight.
Topics: Arginine; Biomarkers; Birth Weight; Citrulline; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Ornithine; Prognosis; Proline | 2019 |
Elimination of glutamate using CRRT for 72 h in patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome: A randomized clinical pilot trial.
Topics: Aged; Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome; Prospective Studies; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome | 2019 |
N-acetylcysteine reduces cocaine-seeking behavior and anterior cingulate glutamate/glutamine levels among cocaine-dependent individuals.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Adult; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Seeking Behavior; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Reward | 2021 |
Ruminal microbes of adult sheep do not degrade extracellular l-citrulline.
Topics: Ammonia; Animal Feed; Animals; Arginine; Bacteria; Citrulline; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ornithine; Proline; Rumen; Sheep; Urea | 2020 |
Metabolomics strategy comprehensively unveils the effect of catechins intervention on the biomarkers of exposure to acrylamide and biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk.
Topics: Acrylamide; Adult; Alanine; Animals; Antioxidants; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Capsules; Cardiovascular Diseases; Catechin; Citric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolipids; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Metabolomics; Phenylalanine; Polyphenols; Rats; Tea | 2022 |
The longitudinal influence of tDCS on occipital GABA and glutamate/glutamine levels in episodic migraineurs.
Topics: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Single-Blind Method; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation | 2023 |
Strength gains after 12 weeks of resistance training correlate with neurochemical markers of brain health in older adults: a randomized control
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Resistance Training | 2023 |
A multistrain probiotic increases the serum glutamine/glutamate ratio in patients with cirrhosis: a metabolomic analysis.
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Metabolomics; Probiotics | 2023 |
Direct changes of neurometabolic concentrations in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex among obsessive-compulsive patients after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Time Factors; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Young Adult | 2023 |
2574 other study(ies) available for glutamine and glutamic acid
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the bitter thresholds of amino acids, peptides, and their derivatives.
Topics: Amino Acids; Humans; Mathematics; Peptides; Structure-Activity Relationship; Taste | 1987 |
13N-labeled L-amino acids for in vivo assessment of local myocardial metabolism.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Citric Acid Cycle; Coronary Disease; Dogs; Half-Life; Myocardium; Nitrogen Radioisotopes | 1981 |
Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Transport Systems; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Animals; Anion Transport Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Cloning, Molecular; Escherichia coli Proteins; Female; Intestine, Small; Kinetics; Levodopa; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Oocytes; Phenylalanine; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Substrate Specificity; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Xenopus laevis | 2001 |
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
Topics: Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cluster Analysis; Databases, Factual; Humans; MEDLINE; Mice; Models, Chemical; Molecular Conformation; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship | 2010 |
Different binding sites for entry and exit of amino acids in whole cells of Mycobacterium phlei.
Topics: Amino Acids; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium phlei; Proline; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1977 |
The cortical lesion of Huntington's disease: further neurochemical characterization, and reproduction of some of the histological and neurochemical features by N-methyl-D-aspartate lesions of rat cortex.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Cholecystokinin; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Huntington Disease; Male; Middle Aged; N-Methylaspartate; Neurochemistry; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Somatostatin; Substance P | 1992 |
Metabolic disorders of the brain in chronic hepatic encephalopathy detected with H-1 MR spectroscopy.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Female; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Liver Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine; Reproducibility of Results | 1992 |
Proton MR spectroscopy for diagnosing hepatic encephalopathy?
Topics: Brain; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 1992 |
Physiological levels of ammonia regulate glutamine synthesis from extracellular glutamate in astrocyte cultures.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Extracellular Space; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics | 1992 |
Relative role of the glutaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and AMP-deaminase pathways in hepatic ureagenesis: studies with 15N.
Topics: AMP Deaminase; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cells, Cultured; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Isotope Labeling; Kinetics; Liver; Male; Nitrogen Isotopes; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Urea | 1992 |
Hemophilia B caused by five different nondeletion mutations in the protease domain of factor IX.
Topics: Adult; Arginine; Binding Sites; Calcium; Exons; Factor IX; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemophilia B; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Middle Aged; Mutation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Conformation; Serine Endopeptidases; Valine | 1992 |
Altered glutamine metabolism in rat portal drained viscera and hindquarter during hyperammonemia.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Blood Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hindlimb; Intestinal Mucosa; Ischemia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Regional Blood Flow; Urea; Viscera | 1992 |
Glutamine and glutamate metabolism in normal and heat shock conditions in Drosophila Kc cells: conditions supporting glutamine synthesis maximize heat shock polypeptide expression.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Ammonia; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Cells, Cultured; Diazooxonorleucine; Dogs; Drosophila; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heat-Shock Proteins; Lactates; Pyruvates; Salts; Solutions; Transaminases | 1992 |
Neuroactive amino acids in organotypic slice cultures of the rat hippocampus: an immunocytochemical study of the distribution of GABA, glutamate, glutamine and taurine.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Dendrites; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Immunohistochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Fibers; Organ Culture Techniques; Pyramidal Tracts; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taurine; Time Factors | 1992 |
Characterization of two site-specifically mutated human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenases (His-452----Gln and Glu-457----Gln).
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Cloning, Molecular; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Escherichia coli; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Genetic Vectors; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Humans; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; NAD; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Protein Conformation; Recombinant Proteins | 1992 |
Metabolic compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine: morphological evidence obtained by quantitative immunocytochemistry in rat cerebellum.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Specificity; Astrocytes; Cerebellar Cortex; Cerebellum; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutaral; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Neuroglia; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tissue Fixation | 1992 |
Mechanism of activation of liver glycogen synthase by swelling.
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Enzyme Activation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen Synthase; Glycogen-Synthase-D Phosphatase; Hypotonic Solutions; Kinetics; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Potassium Chloride; Rats | 1992 |
Uptake, metabolism, and release of N-[3H]acetylaspartylglutamate by the avian retina.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Chickens; Dipeptides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Retina; Time Factors; Tritium | 1992 |
Growth hormone and renal glutamine and glutamate handling.
Topics: Amiloride; Ammonia; Animals; Bicarbonates; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Growth Hormone; Hypophysectomy; Kidney; Male; Nitrogen; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1992 |
RNase T1 mutant Glu46Gln binds the inhibitors 2'GMP and 2'AMP at the 3' subsite.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Exoribonucleases; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guanosine Monophosphate; Isomerism; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; X-Ray Diffraction | 1992 |
Localized 1H NMR spectra of glutamate in the human brain.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 1992 |
Transport of L-glutamine and L-glutamate across sinusoidal membranes of rat liver. Effects of starvation, diabetes and corticosteroid treatment.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Carboxylic Acids; Cell Membrane; Cells, Cultured; Dexamethasone; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Liver; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Starvation; Streptozocin | 1992 |
Resonance Raman microprobe spectroscopy of rhodopsin mutants: effect of substitutions in the third transmembrane helix.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Binding Sites; Cattle; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isomerism; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Mutation; Rhodopsin; Spectrum Analysis, Raman | 1992 |
Glutamine affects glutamate metabolism in isolated rat kidney cortex mitochondria.
Topics: Aminooxyacetic Acid; Ammonia; Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kidney Cortex; Mitochondria; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Rats | 1992 |
Concomitant increases in the extracellular concentrations of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in the rat hippocampus during forebrain ischemia.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cell Death; Consciousness; Ethanolamines; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Male; Neurotoxins; Prosencephalon; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taurine | 1992 |
Monitoring glutamine in mammalian cell cultures using an amperometric biosensor.
Topics: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Animals; Biosensing Techniques; Cells, Cultured; Electric Conductivity; Enzyme Stability; Enzymes, Immobilized; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hybridomas; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity | 1992 |
N-acetyl-L-aspartate and other amino acid metabolites in Alzheimer's disease brain: a preliminary proton nuclear magnetic resonance study.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cadaver; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male | 1992 |
Effect of pH on glutamine content derived from exogenous glutamate in astrocytes.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Bicarbonates; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ions; Osmolar Concentration; Time Factors | 1992 |
Short echo time proton spectroscopy of human brain using a gradient head coil.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Cerebellum; Choline; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mesencephalon; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine; Taurine; Temporal Lobe | 1992 |
Amino acid gradients across the intestinal circulation in fetal lambs.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemoglobins; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Oxygen; Pregnancy | 1992 |
Mechanisms of increased hepatic glutamine uptake in the endotoxin-treated rat.
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane; Endotoxins; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Kinetics; Liver; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1992 |
Mechanistic consequences of mutation of the active site nucleophile Glu 358 in Agrobacterium beta-glucosidase.
Topics: Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; beta-Glucosidase; Binding Sites; Deuterium; Drug Stability; Glucosides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycosylation; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Conformation; Rhizobium; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1992 |
Structural determinants of barium permeation and rectification in non-NMDA glutamate receptor channels.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Arginine; Barium; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; N-Methylaspartate; Permeability; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Xenopus | 1992 |
Effects of major and minor surgery on plasma glutamine and cytokine levels.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alanine; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Cytokines; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hernia, Inguinal; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Male; Middle Aged; Minor Surgical Procedures; Time Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 1992 |
Immunocytochemical and circadian biochemical analysis of neuroactive amino acids in the pineal gland of the rat: effect of superior cervical ganglionectomy.
Topics: Alanine; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Circadian Rhythm; Endothelium; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Ganglionectomy; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Melatonin; Neuroglia; Pineal Gland; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serine; Taurine | 1992 |
Evaluation of the role of electrostatic residues in human epidermal growth factor by site-directed mutagenesis and chemical modification.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Electrochemistry; Epidermal Growth Factor; ErbB Receptors; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Conformation | 1992 |
Energy requirements of glutamatergic pathways in rabbit retina.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kainic Acid; Light; Oxygen Consumption; Quinoxalines; Rabbits; Retina | 1992 |
Reversal by 3,3',5-triido-L-thyronine of the working memory deficit, and the decrease in acetylcholine, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid induced by ethylcholine aziridinium ion in mice.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Aziridines; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Choline; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hippocampus; Male; Memory; Memory Disorders; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Neurotransmitter Agents; Taurine; Triiodothyronine | 1992 |
Regulation of rat erythrocyte L-glutamine, L-glutamate and L-lysine uptake by short term starvation.
Topics: Animals; Erythrocytes; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Lysine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Starvation | 1992 |
A chemiluminescence fiber-optic biosensor system for the determination of glutamine in mammalian cell cultures.
Topics: Animals; Biosensing Techniques; Cells, Cultured; Enzyme Stability; Enzymes, Immobilized; Ferricyanides; Fiber Optic Technology; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen Peroxide; Luminescent Measurements; Luminol; Mammals; Optical Fibers | 1992 |
In vivo identification and monitoring of changes in rat brain glucose by two-dimensional shift-correlated 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Brain; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Monitoring, Physiologic; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1992 |
Glutamate production in islets of Langerhans: properties of phosphate-activated glutaminase.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Citrates; Enzyme Activation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Insulin; Islets of Langerhans; Lactates; Malates; Male; Pancreas; Phosphates; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1992 |
In vitro evidence for the role of glutamate in the CNS toxicity of mercury.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Central Nervous System Diseases; Deoxyglucose; Extracellular Space; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mercury; Mice; Models, Biological; Neurons; Photomicrography; Silver Staining; Spinal Cord; Tritium | 1992 |
Role of B13 Glu in insulin assembly. The hexamer structure of recombinant mutant (B13 Glu-->Gln) insulin.
Topics: Animals; Crystallization; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Insulin; Macromolecular Substances; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Protein Conformation; Recombinant Proteins; Swine; X-Ray Diffraction; Zinc | 1992 |
Glutamine and glucose metabolism in bovine blood lymphocytes.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Cattle; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Lymphocytes; Male; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats | 1992 |
Limbic seizure-induced changes in extracellular amino acid levels in the hippocampal formation: a microdialysis study of freely moving rats.
Topics: Amino Acids; Amygdala; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Mapping; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dialysis; Extracellular Space; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Kainic Acid; Limbic System; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Serine; Synaptic Transmission | 1992 |
Brain glutamate metabolism during metabolic alkalosis and acidosis.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Alkalosis; Animals; Brain; Dogs; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Neuroglia; Nitrogen Isotopes; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Respiratory Mechanics | 1992 |
Regulation of the glutamine content of astrocytes by cAMP and hydrocortisone: effect of pH.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Bucladesine; Cyclic AMP; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrocortisone; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mice; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 1992 |
The role of Gln61 and Glu63 of Ras GTPases in their activation by NF1 and Ras GAP.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Enzyme Activation; Escherichia coli; Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1; Genes, ras; Genetic Vectors; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione Transferase; GTP Phosphohydrolases; GTP-Binding Proteins; GTPase-Activating Proteins; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Proteins; ras GTPase-Activating Proteins; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Signal Transduction | 1992 |
Acute ethanol administration and the metabolism of glutamine by skeletal muscle of the rat: implications for ethanol-induced reductions in protein synthesis.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Ethanol; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Muscle Proteins; Muscles; Rats | 1992 |
Distribution of glutamate-like and glutamine-like immunoreactivities in the rat organ of Corti: a light microscopic and semiquantitative electron microscopic analysis with a note on the localization of aspartate.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Specificity; Aspartic Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Organ of Corti; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1992 |
Framing beta-amyloid.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acid Sequence; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Brain; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Codon; Genotype; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Phenotype; Protein Structure, Secondary | 1992 |
A series of point mutations reveal interactions between the calcium-binding sites of calmodulin.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Calcium; Calmodulin; DNA Mutational Analysis; Drosophila melanogaster; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Point Mutation; Protein Conformation; Structure-Activity Relationship; Titrimetry | 1992 |
Cervicothalamic tract terminals are enriched in glutamate-like immunoreactivity: an electron microscopic double-labeling study in the cat.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Axonal Transport; Cats; Dendrites; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Horseradish Peroxidase; Immunohistochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Endings; Thalamic Nuclei; Wheat Germ Agglutinins | 1992 |
Gamma-D-glutamylaminomethyl sulfonic acid (GAMS) distinguishes subtypes of glutamate receptor in the chick cochlear nucleus (nuc. magnocellularis).
Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Chick Embryo; Chickens; Cochlea; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ibotenic Acid; Kainic Acid; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 1992 |
Glutamine and glucose metabolism in rat splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Dioxide; Cells, Cultured; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocytes; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred WF; Spleen | 1991 |
Glutamine is a powerful effector of heat shock protein expression in Drosophila Kc cells.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Drosophila; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucose; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Heat-Shock Proteins; Hot Temperature | 1991 |
Benzoate modulates renal and extrarenal nitrogen flow: metabolic mechanisms.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Benzoates; Benzoic Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippurates; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Male; Nitrogen; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1991 |
Interaction of gut and liver in nitrogen metabolism during exercise.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Dogs; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Artery; Intestinal Mucosa; Liver; Nitrogen; Physical Exertion; Portal Vein; Regional Blood Flow; Splanchnic Circulation; Urea | 1991 |
Elevated glutamine metabolism in splenocytes from spontaneously diabetic BB rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Lactates; Lymphocytes; Male; Pyruvates; Rats; Rats, Inbred BB; Spleen | 1991 |
Correlation of the extracellular glutamate concentration with extent of blood flow reduction after subdural hematoma in the rat.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hematoma, Subdural; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Regression Analysis; Valine | 1991 |
Interactions of MK-801 with glutamate-, glutamine- and methamphetamine-evoked release of [3H]dopamine from striatal slices.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dopamine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Magnesium; Male; Methamphetamine; Nomifensine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Tritium | 1991 |
The use of in vivo proton NMR to study the effects of hyperammonemia in the rat cerebral cortex.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1991 |
Accumulation of extracellular glutamate and neuronal death in astrocyte-poor cortical cultures exposed to glutamine.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Extracellular Space; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Pipecolic Acids; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1991 |
Utilization of alpha-ketoglutarate as a precursor for transmitter glutamate in cultured cerebellar granule cells.
Topics: Alanine; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Mice; Potassium | 1991 |
Excitatory and inhibitory amino acid changes in ischemic brain regions in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Hypertension; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Septum Pellucidum; Taurine | 1991 |
Ammonium assimilation by Candida albicans and other yeasts: a 13N isotope study.
Topics: Ammonia; Candida; Candida albicans; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glucose; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nitrogen; Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 1991 |
The effects of endotoxin on the splanchnic metabolism of glutamine and related substrates.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Blood Flow Velocity; DNA; Endotoxins; Escherichia coli; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intestinal Mucosa; Liver; Liver Circulation; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Portal Vein; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Urea | 1991 |
GABA and glutamate interact in the substantia innominata/lateral preoptic area to modulate locomotor activity.
Topics: 2-Aminoadipic Acid; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ibotenic Acid; Male; Motor Activity; Muscimol; N-Methylaspartate; Picrotoxin; Preoptic Area; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter | 1991 |
Assignment of resonance in the 1H spectrum of rat brain by two-dimensional shift correlated and J-resolved NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Creatine; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Female; Fourier Analysis; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen; Inositol; Lactates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taurine; Threonine | 1991 |
An electron microscopic, immunogold analysis of glutamate and glutamine in terminals of rat spinocerebellar fibers.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Antibody Specificity; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord; Subcellular Fractions; tau Proteins | 1991 |
What the clinician can learn from MR glutamine/glutamate assays.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Protons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1991 |
Quantification of glutamate, glutamine, and other metabolites in in vivo proton NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Protons; Rats | 1991 |
On the identification of cerebral metabolites in localized 1H NMR spectra of human brain in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Protons; Rats; Taurine | 1991 |
Accumulation and localization of two adult acinar cell secretory proteins during development of the rat submandibular gland.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycoproteins; Microscopy, Electron; Mucins; Phenotype; Proteins; Rats; Submandibular Gland; Tissue Distribution | 1991 |
Glu-192----Gln substitution in thrombin mimics the catalytic switch induced by thrombomodulin.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cattle; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Prothrombin; Rabbits; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Thrombin; Recombinant Proteins; Substrate Specificity; Thrombin; Trypsin | 1991 |
Pathway of glutamate oxidation and its regulation in the HuH13 line of human hepatoma cells.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bicarbonates; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Mitochondria; Mitochondria, Liver; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Succinates; Succinic Acid; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1991 |
Changes in free amino acid concentrations in serum, brain, and CSF throughout embryogenesis.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Chick Embryo; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Optic Lobe, Nonmammalian; tau Proteins; Time Factors | 1991 |
Remnant kidney metabolism in the dog.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Dogs; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kidney; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Ligation; Nephrectomy; Nephrons; Oxygen Consumption; Renal Veins | 1991 |
Peptides homologous to the amyloid protein of Alzheimer's disease containing a glutamine for glutamic acid substitution have accelerated amyloid fibril formation.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acid Sequence; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Immunoelectron; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Myofibrils; Peptides | 1991 |
Outflow of endogenous aspartate and glutamate from the rat spinal dorsal horn in vitro by activation of low- and high-threshold primary afferent fibers. Modulation by mu-opioids.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Capsaicin; Diterpenes; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Naloxone; Nerve Fibers; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Spinal Cord; Time Factors | 1991 |
Targeted mutagenesis of the b subunit of F1F0 ATP synthase in Escherichia coli: Glu-77 through Gln-85.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Chromosome Deletion; Escherichia coli; Genetic Complementation Test; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Macromolecular Substances; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Plasmids; Proton-Translocating ATPases; Restriction Mapping | 1991 |
Coupling effects in volume selective 1H spectroscopy of major brain metabolites.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 1991 |
Metabolic responses to ammonium acetate infusion in exercising horses.
Topics: Acetates; Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Fatigue; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Horse Diseases; Horses; Infusions, Intravenous; Lactates; Muscles; Physical Exertion; Random Allocation | 1991 |
Intermediary metabolism in renal proximal tubules in the recovery phase of experimental renal ischemia in dogs.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Dogs; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Ischemia; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kidney; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Oxygen Consumption; Rats | 1991 |
Mechanistic studies on Azospirillum brasilense glutamate synthase.
Topics: Ammonia; Azospirillum brasilense; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; NADP; Oxidation-Reduction; Pyridines | 1991 |
Reduction in lactate accumulation correlates with differentiation-induced terminal cell division of leukemia cells.
Topics: Acetamides; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Dexamethasone; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Mice | 1991 |
Effect of cyclocreatine feeding on levels of amino acids in rat hearts before and after an ischemic episode.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Coronary Disease; Creatinine; Diet; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardium; Phosphates; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1991 |
Influence of different forms of nitrogen on uptake of ammonium, glutamate and glutamine in the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum.
Topics: Ammonia; Biological Transport, Active; Cyanobacteria; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nitrogen | 1991 |
Role of glutamate on ammoniagenesis from glutamine in acute metabolic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis; Acute Disease; Ammonia; Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1991 |
Mutation of Glu693 to Gln or Val717 to Ile has no effect on the processing of Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein expressed in COS-1 cells by cDNA transfection.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Cell Line; Cloning, Molecular; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Immunoblotting; Isoleucine; Molecular Weight; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Recombinant Proteins; Transfection; Valine | 1991 |
Brain amino acid reductions in one family with chromosome 6p-linked dominantly inherited olivopontocerebellar atrophy.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6; Ethanolamines; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Genes, Dominant; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Middle Aged; Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies; Taurine | 1991 |
Distribution of glutamine-like immunoreactivity in the cerebellum of rat and baboon (Papio anubis) with reference to the issue of metabolic compartmentation.
Topics: Animals; Cerebellum; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Nerve Fibers; Neuroglia; Papio; Purkinje Cells; Pyramidal Tracts; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Stellate Ganglion | 1991 |
Assimilation of ammonia in Paracoccus denitrificans.
Topics: Ammonia; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nitrogen; Paracoccus denitrificans | 1991 |
Expression of glutamine/glutamic acid-rich proteins in rat submandibular glands.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Western; DNA Probes; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunoblotting; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Species Specificity; Submandibular Gland | 1990 |
Monoamine and amino acid content in brain regions of Brattleboro rats.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Amino Acids; Animals; Biogenic Monoamines; Brain; Dopamine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Brattleboro; Serotonin; Spinal Cord; Taurine; Tissue Distribution | 1990 |
In vitro proton spectroscopy of normal and abnormal prostate.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carbon; Cells, Cultured; Citrates; Citric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Lactates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protons | 1991 |
RNA editing in brain controls a determinant of ion flow in glutamate-gated channels.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Brain; Cloning, Molecular; Codon; Exons; Genomic Library; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ion Channel Gating; Kainic Acid; Liver; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Oxadiazoles; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; RNA; RNA, Messenger | 1991 |
Accelerated lung amino acid release in hyperdynamic septic surgical patients.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Bacterial Infections; Cardiac Output; Catheterization, Swan-Ganz; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lung; Postoperative Period; Surgical Procedures, Operative | 1990 |
Plasma GABA-like activity in rats with hepatic encephalopathy is due to GABA and taurine.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, GABA-A; Taurine; Tyrosine | 1990 |
Glutamine and aspartate loading of synaptosomes: a reevaluation of effects on calcium-dependent excitatory amino acid release.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Calcium; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Synaptosomes | 1990 |
Influence of enterectomy on peripheral tissue glutamine efflux in critically ill patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Laparotomy; Middle Aged; Nitrogen | 1990 |
Cerebral metabolism of acetate and glucose studied by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. A technique for investigating metabolic compartmentation in the brain.
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male | 1990 |
Stimulation of synaptosomal gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis by glutamate and glutamine.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Culture Media; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes | 1990 |
Human cytosolic adenylate kinase allelozymes; purification and characterization.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Alleles; Cytosol; Electrophoresis; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Isoenzymes; Muscles; Peptide Fragments; Phosphotransferases; Protein Conformation | 1990 |
Brain amino acid concentration changes during status epilepticus induced by lithium and pilocarpine.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Electroencephalography; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lithium; Male; Pilocarpine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Status Epilepticus; Tissue Distribution | 1990 |
Characterization of wild-type and an active site mutant of human medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase after expression in Escherichia coli.
Topics: Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase; Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases; Animals; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Cloning, Molecular; Escherichia coli; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kidney; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Oligonucleotide Probes; Recombinant Proteins; Restriction Mapping; Spectrophotometry; Swine | 1990 |
Purification and functional characterization of the Glu-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Ammonia; Asparagine; Azo Compounds; Binding Sites; Chlamydomonas; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Activation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnesium; Molecular Weight; Nitrogenous Group Transferases; Norleucine; Phosphorylation; Protein Denaturation; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl; Spectrophotometry; Substrate Specificity; Transferases | 1990 |
Isolation-induced changes in radioligand binding to benzodiazepine binding sites.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Kinetics; Male; Models, Biological; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, GABA-A; Social Isolation; Software | 1990 |
Neuronal glutamine utilization: glutamine/glutamate homeostasis in synaptosomes.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Electrochemistry; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Hydrogen; Ions; Neurons; Nitrogen Isotopes; Phosphates; Synaptosomes | 1990 |
Glutamine prevents pancreatic atrophy and fatty liver during elemental feeding.
Topics: Animals; Atrophy; Fatty Liver; Food, Formulated; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Liver; Male; Pancreas; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1990 |
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of selected amino acids in rat brain by precolumn derivatization with phenylisothiocyanate.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Isothiocyanates; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Serine; Thiocyanates | 1990 |
Regulation of the hydrolytic and transfer activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Enzyme Activation; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hippurates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Kidney; Kinetics; Maleates; Substrate Specificity | 1990 |
Studies on the regulatory domain of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Functional analyses of arginine 283 using synthetic inhibitory peptides and site-directed mutagenesis of the alpha subunit.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Arginine; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Calcium; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; Cattle; DNA; Egtazic Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunosorbent Techniques; Kinetics; Lysine; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Peptide Fragments; Phenylglyoxal; Phosphorylation; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein Kinases; Rats | 1990 |
Involvement of gamma-glutamyl peptides in osmoadaptation of Escherichia coli.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Culture Media; Dipeptides; Escherichia coli; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Mutation; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium | 1990 |
Dietary modulation of small intestinal glutamine transport in intestinal brush border membrane vesicles of rats.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane; Diet; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Jejunum; Male; Microvilli; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1990 |
Structural consequences of the replacement of Glu239 by Gln in the catalytic chain of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Sequence; Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase; Aspartic Acid; Carbamyl Phosphate; Cytidine Triphosphate; Escherichia coli; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Protein Engineering; Structure-Activity Relationship; X-Ray Diffraction | 1990 |
Arterial pH modulation of regional cerebral blood flow during hyperammonemia in dogs.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Brain; Cerebral Arteries; Dogs; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemodynamics; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Osmolar Concentration; Oxygen Consumption; Regional Blood Flow | 1990 |
Cerebral metabolism of [1,2-13C2]acetate as detected by in vivo and in vitro 13C NMR.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inositol; Isotope Labeling; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Biological; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1990 |
Comparison of properties of isolated ehrlichiae and scrub typhus rickettsiae.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Bacterial Proteins; Ehrlichia; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Orientia tsutsugamushi; Rickettsiaceae | 1990 |
Metabolic characteristics of cat kidney: failure to adapt to metabolic acidosis.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Adaptation, Physiological; Ammonia; Animals; Arteries; Cats; Female; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kidney; Kidney Cortex; Male; Osmolar Concentration | 1990 |
Deamidation of glutamine by increased plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase is a source of rapid ammonia formation in blood and plasma specimens.
Topics: Ammonia; Borates; Chromatography, Gel; Diazooxonorleucine; False Positive Reactions; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Maleates; Serine; Specimen Handling | 1990 |
Transport and deamination of amino acids by a gram-positive, monensin-sensitive ruminal bacterium.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Fermentation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Monensin; Protons; Rumen | 1990 |
Improved quantification of in vivo 1H NMR spectra by optimization of signal acquisition and processing and by incorporation of prior knowledge into the spectral fitting.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen; Image Enhancement; Ischemia; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats | 1990 |
Amino acid neurotransmitter alterations in three sublines of Rb mice differing by their susceptibility to audiogenic seizures.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Mice; Mice, Mutant Strains; Neurotransmitter Agents; Seizures; Taurine; Temporal Lobe; Tissue Distribution | 1990 |
Contribution of luminal ammoniagenesis to proximal tubule ammonia appearance in the rat.
Topics: Absorption; Ammonia; Animals; Antimetabolites; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isoxazoles; Kidney Tubules; Osmolar Concentration; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1990 |
Renal arginine synthesis: studies in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Citrulline; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Cortex; Kidney Tubules; Kinetics; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Serine | 1990 |
A 15N-n.m.r. study of cerebral, hepatic and renal nitrogen metabolism in hyperammonaemic rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inactivation, Metabolic; Kidney; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Isotopes; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Urea | 1990 |
Adaptation to non-ammoniagenic medium and selective substrate feeding lead to enhanced yields in animal cell cultures.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Cell Division; Cell Line; Culture Media; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Lactates; Lactic Acid | 1990 |
The detection of abnormal metabolites in MCAD deficiency: a new method.
Topics: Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase; Amino Acids; Chromatography, Gas; Fatty Acid Desaturases; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Piperidones | 1990 |
The metabolism of L-arginine and its significance for the biosynthesis of endothelium-derived relaxing factor: L-glutamine inhibits the generation of L-arginine by cultured endothelial cells.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arginine; Argininosuccinic Acid; Cattle; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Citrulline; Endothelium, Vascular; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Mice; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nitric Oxide; Rabbits | 1990 |
Active-site mutations of diphtheria toxin: effects of replacing glutamic acid-148 with aspartic acid, glutamine, or serine.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; Affinity Labels; Aspartic Acid; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Diphtheria Toxin; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; NAD; Peptide Elongation Factor 2; Peptide Elongation Factors; Serine; Substrate Specificity | 1990 |
Determinants of visual pigment absorbance: identification of the retinylidene Schiff's base counterion in bovine rhodopsin.
Topics: Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Cattle; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Membranes; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Plasmids; Protein Conformation; Recombinant Proteins; Retinaldehyde; Rhodopsin; Schiff Bases; Spectrophotometry | 1990 |
Free amino acid analysis of guinea pig perilymph: a possible clinical assay for the PLF enigma?
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Arginine; Asparagine; Biomarkers; Chromatography; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fistula; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Histidine; Isoleucine; Labyrinth Diseases; Leucine; Lysine; Perilymph; Phenylalanine; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Threonine; Tyrosine; Valine | 1990 |
Amidophosphoribosyltransferase.
Topics: Amidophosphoribosyltransferase; Amino Acid Sequence; Ammonia; Binding Sites; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Escherichia coli; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Pentosephosphates; Pentosyltransferases; Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Ribosemonophosphates; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 1985 |
Influence of Na+, K+, and Ca2+ on glutamine synthesis and distribution in rat brain cortex slices: a possible linkage of glutamine synthetase with cerebral transport processes and energetics in the astrocytes.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Calcium; Cations; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ion Channels; Male; Ouabain; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Tetrodotoxin; Veratrine | 1987 |
Molecular characterization of glutamic acid/glutamine-rich secretory proteins from rat submandibular glands.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Dental Pellicle; DNA; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Plasmids; Poly A; Proline; Protein Biosynthesis; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; RNA; RNA, Messenger; Submandibular Gland | 1987 |
Differential use of termination codons in ciliated protozoa.
Topics: Actins; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Biological Evolution; Ciliophora; Codon; DNA; Genetic Code; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histones; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; RNA; RNA, Messenger; Species Specificity; Tetrahymena; Tubulin | 1989 |
Ammoniagenesis by cultured human renal cortical epithelial cells: study with 15N.
Topics: Ammonia; Cells, Cultured; Epithelium; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney Cortex; Nitrogen Isotopes; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid | 1989 |
Effects of acute hyperammonemia on cerebral amino acid metabolism and pHi in vivo, measured by 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance.
Topics: Acetates; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Energy Metabolism; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Nucleotides; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Protons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Synthesis of glutamate and glutamine in dibutyryl cyclic AMP-treated astrocytes.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Bucladesine; Cells, Cultured; Fatty Acids; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Rats | 1989 |
Activation of the bilateral corticostriatal glutamatergic projection by infusion of GABA into thalamic motor nuclei in the cat: an in vivo release study.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Amino Acids; Animals; Cats; Caudate Nucleus; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Injections; Male; Synaptic Transmission; Thalamic Nuclei; Valine | 1989 |
Validation of transport measurements in skeletal muscle with N-13 amino acids using a rabbit isolated hindlimb model.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Transport; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hindlimb; Male; Models, Biological; Muscles; Nitrogen Radioisotopes; Perfusion; Rabbits; Regional Blood Flow | 1989 |
Effect of impact trauma on neurotransmitter and nonneurotransmitter amino acids in rat spinal cord.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Kinetics; Laminectomy; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Serine; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries; Taurine; Threonine | 1989 |
Increased seizure susceptibility induced by guanidinoethane sulfonate in E1 mice and its relation to glutamatergic neurons.
Topics: Animals; Convulsants; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Seizures; Serotonin; Taurine | 1989 |
Glutamate neurotoxicity in culture depends on the presence of glutamine: implications for the role of glial cells in normal and pathological brain development.
Topics: Brain; Cell Line; Cytological Techniques; Electrophysiology; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hybrid Cells; Neuroglia; Neurons; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1989 |
Observation of cerebral metabolites in an animal model of acute liver failure in vivo: a 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Biomarkers; Brain; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphorus; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Effects of stretching and disuse on amino acids in muscles of rat hind limbs.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Denervation; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hindlimb; Immobilization; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tyrosine | 1989 |
Effect of repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverage on plasma amino acid, blood methanol, and blood formate concentrations in normal adults.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Asparagine; Aspartame; Aspartic Acid; Beverages; Dipeptides; Female; Formates; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Methanol; Phenylalanine; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 1989 |
Functional consequences of glutamate, aspartate, glutamine, and asparagine mutations in the stalk sector of the Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Calcium; Calcium-Transporting ATPases; Cell Line; Cloning, Molecular; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunoblotting; Microsomes; Molecular Sequence Data; Muscles; Mutation; Phosphorylation; Rabbits; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; Transfection | 1989 |
Some observations on conserved polar side chains in immunoglobulin V-domains.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Immunoglobulin Variable Region; Protein Conformation; Threonine; Tyrosine | 1989 |
Spontaneous glutamate release by a "fibrous"-like cerebellar astroglial cell clone.
Topics: Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Astrocytes; Cerebellum; Clone Cells; Culture Media; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice | 1989 |
Effects of adrenaline and prior exercise on the release of alanine, glutamine and glutamate from incubated rat skeletal muscle.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Epinephrine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Physical Exertion; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Transamination and oxidative decarboxylation of L-isoleucine, L-alloisoleucine and related 2-oxo acids in perfused rat hind limb muscle.
Topics: Alanine; Amination; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Animals; Decarboxylation; Dichloroacetic Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Isoleucine; Male; Muscles; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenylalanine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Stereoisomerism | 1989 |
Metabolism of glutamine in lymphocytes.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; B-Lymphocytes; Carbon Dioxide; Cell Division; Citric Acid Cycle; Dipeptides; Female; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Lymphocytes; Rats; T-Lymphocytes; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1989 |
Utilization of intravenously administered N-acetyl-L-glutamine in humans.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amino Acids; Blood Glucose; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Insulin; Kidney; Male; Middle Aged; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Postoperative Care; Renal Circulation | 1989 |
Glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate as metabolic precursors of the transmitter pools of glutamate and GABA: correlation of regional uptake by rat brain synaptosomes.
Topics: Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes | 1989 |
Intra- and extracellular amino acid concentrations in portacaval-shunted rabbits. Role of hyperammonemia and effects of branched-chain amino acid-enriched parenteral nutrition.
Topics: Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Ammonia; Animals; Body Fluids; Extracellular Space; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intracellular Fluid; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental; Liver Function Tests; Male; Muscles; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Rabbits | 1989 |
The importance of the link between Glu204 of the catalytic chain and Arg130 of the regulatory chain for the homotropic and heterotropic properties of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Arginine; Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase; Catalysis; Enzyme Stability; Escherichia coli; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Mutation; X-Ray Diffraction | 1989 |
Pathways and regulation of ammoniagenesis by the LLC-PK1 cells in culture.
Topics: Alanine; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Ammonia; Animals; Antimetabolites; Cell Line; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isoxazoles; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kidney; Kinetics; Mitochondria; Models, Biological | 1989 |
Actions of excitatory amino acids on somatostatin release from cortical neurons in primary cultures.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Fetus; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Kinetics; Magnesium; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Somatostatin; Tetrodotoxin; Veratridine | 1989 |
Pathway of proton transfer in bacterial reaction centers: replacement of glutamic acid 212 in the L subunit by glutamine inhibits quinone (secondary acceptor) turnover.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Chromosome Deletion; Cytochrome c Group; Electron Transport; Genes; Genes, Bacterial; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Light; Models, Molecular; Mutation; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Protein Conformation; Quinones; Restriction Mapping; Rhodobacter sphaeroides | 1989 |
NMDA receptor activation by residual glutamate in glutamine preparations: a cautionary note regarding weak NMDA receptor agonists.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Crystallization; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Membrane Potentials; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Spinal Cord; Xenopus | 1989 |
End products of glutamine oxidation in MC-29 virus-induced chicken hepatoma mitochondria.
Topics: Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspartic Acid; Chickens; Citric Acid Cycle; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Malates; Mitochondria, Liver; Oxidation-Reduction; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid | 1989 |
Glutamine currents in hippocampal neurons are attributable to contaminating glutamate.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Electric Conductivity; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Neurons | 1989 |
Hepatocyte heterogeneity in glutamate metabolism and bidirectional transport in perfused rat liver.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Carbon Dioxide; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Male; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Crystal structure of the Glu-239----Gln mutant of aspartate carbamoyltransferase at 3.1-A resolution: an intermediate quaternary structure.
Topics: Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase; Escherichia coli; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Macromolecular Substances; Models, Molecular; Mutation; Protein Conformation; X-Ray Diffraction | 1989 |
Different classes of glutamate receptors mediate distinct behaviors in a single brainstem nucleus.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Aspartic Acid; Avoidance Learning; Brain Stem; Electric Fish; Electric Organ; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kainic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Oxadiazoles; Pipecolic Acids; Quisqualic Acid; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter | 1989 |
A high performance liquid chromatography/electrochemical assay for glutamatergic neurotransmitters in the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Electrochemistry; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Release of [3H]L-glutamate and [3H]L-glutamine in rat cerebellum slices: a comparison of the effect of veratridine and electrical stimulation.
Topics: Animals; Cerebellum; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Veratridine; Veratrine | 1989 |
Stimulation of glutamine metabolism by the antiepileptic drug, sodium valproate, in isolated dog kidney tubules.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Dogs; Female; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Kidney Tubules; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Valproic Acid | 1989 |
Substitution of amino acids in helix F of bacteriorhodopsin: effects on the photochemical cycle.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Bacteriorhodopsins; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hydrogen Bonding; Kinetics; Leucine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Phenylalanine; Photochemistry; Proline; Protons; Serine; Tryptophan | 1989 |
Prevention of methotrexate cytotoxicity by asparaginase inhibition of methotrexate polyglutamate formation.
Topics: Animals; Asparaginase; Asparagine; Biological Transport; Cell Survival; DNA Replication; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Leukemia L5178; Leukemia, Experimental; Methotrexate; Mice; Peptides; Polyglutamic Acid | 1985 |
Effect of ammonia on plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in dogs with and without portacaval anastomoses.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Dogs; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Methionine; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical | 1985 |
Effect of hypoglycemic encephalopathy upon amino acids, high-energy phosphates, and pHi in the rat brain in vivo: detection by sequential 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Electroencephalography; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nucleotides; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Rats | 1985 |
Ammonia intoxication: effects on cerebral cortex and spinal cord.
Topics: Acetates; Ammonia; Animals; Blood; Carbon Dioxide; Cats; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Spinal Cord | 1985 |
Splanchnic substrate balance in malnourished patients during parenteral nutrition.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Alanine; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Cystine; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Lipids; Liver; Male; Mesentery; Nitrogen; Parenteral Nutrition; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Serine; Splanchnic Circulation; Threonine; Tyrosine | 1985 |
Analysis of glutamine, glutamic acid and pyroglutamic acid in protein hydrolysates by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Caseins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Protein Hydrolysates; Pyrrolidinones; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid | 1985 |
Effect of glutamine on glutamate release from hippocampal slices induced by high K+ or by electrical stimulation: interaction with different Ca2+ concentrations.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Calcium; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
Regulation of glutamine production by skeletal muscle cells in culture.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Diazooxonorleucine; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Methionine Sulfoximine; Muscles; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
Glutamate-glutamine metabolism in the perfused rat liver. 13C-NMR study using (2-13C)-enriched acetate.
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Animals; Cytosol; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mitochondria, Liver; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
Glutamine and glucose metabolism during thymocyte proliferation. Pathways of glutamine and glutamate metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Concanavalin A; Female; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydroxy Acids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thymus Gland | 1985 |
Effect of single amino acid substitutions on the protease susceptibility of tryptophan synthase alpha subunit.
Topics: Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Macromolecular Substances; Methionine; Mutation; Peptide Hydrolases; Pronase; Protein Conformation; Subtilisins; Trypsin; Tryptophan Synthase | 1985 |
Renal tubular biochemistry during acute and chronic metabolic alkalosis in the dog.
Topics: Acute Disease; Alkalosis; Ammonia; Animals; Chronic Disease; Citrates; Citric Acid; Cytosol; Dogs; Gluconeogenesis; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kidney Tubules; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Malates; Mitochondria; Potassium | 1985 |
Relationship between central nervous system hydrogen ion regulation and amino acid metabolism in hypercapnia, II.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Amino Acids; Animals; Bicarbonates; Brain; Dogs; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypercapnia; Medulla Oblongata; Neurotransmitter Agents | 1985 |
Glutamine metabolism in isolated perfused rat liver. The transamination pathway.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Cinnamates; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Liver; Male; Methionine; Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; Perfusion; Phenylpyruvic Acids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Transaminases; Urea | 1985 |
Pathway of ammonium assimilation in Streptomyces venezuelae examined by amino acid analyses and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonium Sulfate; Anaerobiosis; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nitrogen Radioisotopes; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Species Specificity; Streptomyces | 1985 |
Sewage effluent biomonitoring. II. Biochemical indicators of ammonia exposure in channel catfish.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Fishes; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ketoglutaric Acids; Liver; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Proteins; Sewage; Temperature | 1985 |
Effect of glutamate analogues on brain tumor cell lines.
Topics: 2-Aminoadipic Acid; Aminobutyrates; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Division; Cell Line; Glioma; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homocysteine; Medulloblastoma; Neuroglia; Sarcoma | 1985 |
Effects of short-term and prolonged aerogenic hypoxia on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in the brain, liver, and biological fluids of young rats.
Topics: Altitude; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Body Fluids; Brain; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoxia; Liver; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
[Correction of contractile function and metabolism in canine ischemic myocardium due to exogenous glutamic acid].
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Coronary Disease; Dogs; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption | 1985 |
The metabolic response of the kidney to acute sodium lactate alkalosis.
Topics: Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Alkalosis; Animals; Dogs; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kidney; Kidney Cortex; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver; Muscles; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid | 1985 |
Control of cell-free protein synthesis by amino acids: effects on tRNA charging.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cell-Free System; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Protein Biosynthesis; Rats; RNA, Transfer | 1985 |
Transamination of neutral amino acids and 2-keto acids in pancreatic B-cell mitochondria.
Topics: Animals; Caproates; Cytoplasm; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemiterpenes; Islets of Langerhans; Keto Acids; Kinetics; Leucine; Mice; Mice, Obese; Mitochondria; Transaminases; Valine | 1985 |
Substrate oxidation by isolated rat brain mitochondria and synaptosomes.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mitochondria; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Subcellular Fractions; Synapses | 1985 |
Developmental change of endogenous glutamate and gamma-glutamyl transferase in cultured cerebral cortical interneurons and cerebellar granule cells, and in mouse cerebral cortex and cerebellum in vivo.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Interneurons; Mice; Neurons | 1985 |
Effect of bicarbonate on glutamine and glutamate metabolism by rat kidney cortex mitochondria.
Topics: Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Bicarbonates; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kidney Cortex; Malates; Male; Malonates; Mitochondria; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Succinate Dehydrogenase | 1985 |
Alpha-adrenergic stimulation of glutamine metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Ketoglutaric Acids; Liver; Male; Norepinephrine; Phenylephrine; Proline; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
Determination of glutamine and glutamate in plasma of men and women by ion exchange chromatography.
Topics: Adult; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Fasting; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Reference Values | 1985 |
Role of plasma membrane transport in hepatic glutamine metabolism.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Membrane; Cytosol; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Male; Mitochondria, Liver; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium | 1985 |
Biochemical response to chronic shortening in unloaded soleus muscles.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Alanine; Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hindlimb; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Proteins; Muscles; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Restraint, Physical | 1985 |
Metabolism of glutamine and glutamate by rat renal tubules. Study with 15N and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Adenine Nucleotides; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kidney Tubules; Kinetics; Male; Nitrogen Isotopes; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
Functional hepatocyte heterogeneity in ammonia metabolism. The intercellular glutamine cycle.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Ammonia; Animals; Bicarbonates; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Male; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Urea | 1985 |
Maternal undernutrition during lactation: effect on amino acids in brain regions of offspring.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Body Weight; Brain Chemistry; Corpus Striatum; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hippocampus; Hypothalamus; Lactation; Nutrition Disorders; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Serine; Taurine | 1985 |
[Mechanisms of ammonia binding in the heart muscle].
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Urea | 1985 |
Transamination pathways influencing L-glutamine and L-glutamate oxidation by rat enterocyte mitochondria and the subcellular localization of L-alanine aminotransferase and L-aspartate aminotransferase.
Topics: Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Malates; Male; Mitochondria; Oxidation-Reduction; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Subcellular Fractions | 1985 |
The effects of CO2/HCO3 on the metabolism of glutamine and glutamate by rat kidney cortex mitochondria.
Topics: Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bicarbonates; Carbon Dioxide; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Cortex; Male; Mitochondria; Rats | 1985 |
Aspartate metabolism in rats during aging.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
Changes in cortical amino acids during electrical kindling in rats.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kindling, Neurologic; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Veratrine | 1985 |
Function and metabolism of dog heart in ischemia and in subsequent reperfusion: effect of exogenous glutamic acid.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Coronary Disease; Dogs; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heart; Lactates; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Perfusion; Pyruvates | 1985 |
Cardiac metabolism and performance during L-glutamic acid infusion in postoperative cardiac failure.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Cardiac Output; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heart; Heart Failure; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Lactates; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardium; Postoperative Complications | 1986 |
Glutamate, glutamine, glutathione, and related compounds.
Topics: Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans | 1985 |
Fate of intraluminal glutamine in the perfused renal tubule.
Topics: Absorption; Animals; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrolysis; In Vitro Techniques; Isoxazoles; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Microvilli; Perfusion; Rabbits | 1986 |
Metabolism of amino acids by the atrophied soleus of tail-casted, suspended rats.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Muscles; Muscular Atrophy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1986 |
Effect of glutamine deprivation and glutamate or ammonium chloride addition on growth rate, metabolism and differentiation of human colon cancer cell-line HT29.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cell Line; Colonic Neoplasms; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen; Humans; Lactates; Microscopy, Electron | 1986 |
Differential changes in the content of amino acid neurotransmitters in discrete regions of the rat brain prior to the onset and during the course of homocysteine-induced seizures.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Homocysteine; Hypothalamus; Inferior Colliculi; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Serine; Substantia Nigra; Taurine; Tissue Distribution | 1986 |
Responses of amino acids in hindlimb muscles to recovery from hypogravity and unloading by tail-cast suspension.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gravitation; Hindlimb; Muscles; Rats; Weightlessness | 1985 |
Utilization of [15N]glutamate by cultured astrocytes.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intracellular Fluid; Nitrogen Isotopes; Rats | 1986 |
[Amino acid uptake and release by colorectal cancer in man].
Topics: Aged; Amino Acids; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ornithine; Rectal Neoplasms; Tyrosine | 1986 |
Exogenous glutamate is metabolized to glutamine and exported by rat primary astrocyte cultures.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Biological Transport; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cells, Cultured; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Rats | 1986 |
Muscle ammonia metabolism during isometric contraction in humans.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adolescent; Adult; Alanine; Ammonia; AMP Deaminase; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isometric Contraction; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles | 1986 |
Substitution of glutamine-60 with glutamic acid causes the lac permease of Escherichia coli to become temperature sensitive.
Topics: Base Sequence; DNA Restriction Enzymes; DNA, Recombinant; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Genes; Genes, Bacterial; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Lactose; Membrane Transport Proteins; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; Symporters; Temperature | 1986 |
Effect of metabolic acidosis on hindquarter glutamine and alanine release.
Topics: Acidosis; Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Chronic Disease; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hindlimb; Kidney; Male; Muscles; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Regional Blood Flow | 1986 |
Glutamine and glutamate kinetics in humans.
Topics: Adult; Biological Transport; Diet; Energy Intake; Extracellular Space; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Intracellular Fluid; Kinetics; Male; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Isotopes | 1986 |
Separation of amino acid and amide nitrogen from plant extracts for 15N analysis.
Topics: Amides; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Fabaceae; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Isotopes; Plants; Plants, Medicinal | 1986 |
The purine nucleotide cycle and ammoniagenesis in rat kidney tubules.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Glucose; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kidney Tubules; Male; Purine Nucleotides; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1986 |
Modification of Glu 58, an amino acid of the active center of ribonuclease T1, to Gln and Asp.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Endoribonucleases; Escherichia coli; Genes; Genes, Bacterial; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Mutation; Phosphorylation; Plasmids; Ribonuclease T1 | 1986 |
Non-linear kinetics of glutamyl-tRNA synthesis catalyzed by high molecular weight complexes from rat brain neuronal cells but not from glial cells.
Topics: Acylation; Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Catalysis; Cell Line; Glioma; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Macromolecular Substances; Mice; Molecular Weight; Neuroblastoma; Neuroglia; Rats; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl; Substrate Specificity; Valine | 1986 |
Metabolism and transport of amino acids studied by immunocytochemistry.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport, Active; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Histocytochemistry; Immunochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Rats; Taurine | 1986 |
Excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters in the corticostriate pathway: studies using intracerebral microdialysis in vivo.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Dialysis; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Taurine; Threonine | 1986 |
Effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on the concentrations of glutamate and related amino acids and energy metabolites in the intact and decorticated rat neostriatum.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Electroencephalography; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1986 |
Preferential glutamine uptake in rat brain synaptic mitochondria.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Mitochondria; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sulfhydryl Reagents; Synapses; Tritium | 1986 |
Substrate utilization by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli.
Topics: Campylobacter; Campylobacter fetus; Carbon Dioxide; Culture Media; Escherichia coli; Formates; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kinetics | 1986 |
Effect of glutamine on growth and heterocyst differentiation in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis.
Topics: Acetylene; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Biological Transport; Cyanobacteria; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mutation; Nitrogen; Nitrogenase; Oxidation-Reduction | 1986 |
Brain amino acid abnormalities in pyruvate carboxylase deficiency.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Amino Acids; Brain; Canada; Child, Preschool; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Indians, North American; Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency Disease | 1985 |
Cerebral metabolism during cross-circulation in experimental hepatic failure in the pig.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cross Circulation; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Liver; Liver Diseases; Oxygen Consumption; Parabiosis; Potassium; Sodium; Swine | 1986 |
Plasma branched-chain keto acids in burn patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alanine; Arteries; Burns; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hematocrit; Humans; Keto Acids; Male; Middle Aged; Veins | 1986 |
Changes in amino acid and nucleotide pools of Rhodospirillum rubrum during switch-off of nitrogenase activity initiated by NH4+ or darkness.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Azaserine; Darkness; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Nitrogenase; Nucleotides; Rhodospirillum rubrum | 1987 |
Kynurenic acid and gamma-D-glutamylaminomethylsulfonic acid suppress the compound action potential of the auditory nerve.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Cochlea; Cochlear Microphonic Potentials; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Hair Cells, Auditory; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Vestibulocochlear Nerve | 1987 |
Cellular origins of endogenous amino acids released into the extracellular fluid of the rat striatum during severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Denervation; Ethanolamines; Extracellular Space; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Kainic Acid; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taurine | 1987 |
The acute effect of ammonium acetate on levels of amino acids in the intact and decorticated rat neostriatum.
Topics: Acetates; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; Denervation; Frontal Lobe; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Regulation of hepatic ammonia metabolism: the intercellular glutamine cycle.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Extracellular Space; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Liver; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Urea | 1986 |
DL-7-azatryptophan and citrulline metabolism in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain 1F.
Topics: Amino Acids; Bicarbonates; Carbon Radioisotopes; Citrulline; Cyanobacteria; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Tryptophan | 1987 |
Detection of metabolites in rabbit brain by 13C NMR spectroscopy following administration of [1-13C]glucose.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoxia, Brain; Lactates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rabbits; Radionuclide Imaging; Spectrum Analysis | 1986 |
Specific chromosomal abnormalities characterize four established cell lines derived from malignant human gliomas.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Surface; Cell Line; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Female; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glioma; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Karyotyping; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Neoplasm Transplantation | 1986 |
Subchronic haloperidol and sulpiride treatment induces region-specific changes in tissue levels of putative amino acid transmitters in rat brain.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Haloperidol; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sulpiride | 1987 |
Brain ammonia metabolism in hexachlorophene-induced encephalopathy.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Encephalitis; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hexachlorophene; Male; Mice | 1987 |
Effects of branched chain amino acids, pyruvate, or ketone bodies on the free amino acid pool and release from brain cortex slices of normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
Topics: Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Ketone Bodies; Male; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Uptake and release for glutamine and glutamate in a crude synaptosomal fraction from rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ouabain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Synaptosomes | 1987 |
Post-translational modifications of chloroperoxidase from Caldariomyces fumago.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Asparagine; Chloride Peroxidase; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycosylation; Isoenzymes; Mitosporic Fungi; Peptide Fragments; Peroxidases; Protein Conformation; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Protein Sorting Signals | 1987 |
Increase in the stimulation-induced overflow of glutamate by fluoroacetate, a selective inhibitor of the glial tricarboxylic cycle.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Citric Acid Cycle; Fluoroacetates; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Neuroglia; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Gut-liver interaction in glutamine homeostasis: portal ammonia role in uptake and metabolism.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Carbonates; Citrulline; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Liver; Male; Mitochondria, Liver; Portal Vein; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Cerebrospinal fluid amino acid concentrations in chronic schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine; Amino Acids; Chronic Disease; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Schizophrenia; Taurine | 1987 |
Tuberous sclerosis: aberrant metabolism of ornithine, proline and glutamate in cultured fibroblasts.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cells, Cultured; Child; Female; Fibroblasts; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Ornithine; Ornithine-Oxo-Acid Transaminase; Proline; Skin; Subcellular Fractions; Tuberous Sclerosis | 1987 |
Evidence for a direct action of N-methylaspartate on non-neuronal cells.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cell Survival; Dialysis; Ethanolamines; Extracellular Space; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Neuroglia; Purines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taurine | 1987 |
Ammonia assimilation in Bacillus polymyxa. 15N NMR and enzymatic studies.
Topics: Alanine; Alanine Dehydrogenase; Alanine Transaminase; Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Ammonia; Bacillus; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; NADP; Nitrates; Nitrogen Fixation | 1987 |
Amino acid changes in autopsied brain tissue from cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Aged; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged | 1987 |
In vitro mutated beta subunits from the F1-ATPase of the thermophilic bacterium, PS3, containing glutamine in place of glutamic acid in positions 190 or 201 assembles with the alpha and gamma subunits to produce inactive complexes.
Topics: Bacteria; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Macromolecular Substances; Mutation; Proton-Translocating ATPases | 1987 |
Effects of preformed proline and proline amino acid precursors (including glutamine) on collagen synthesis in human fibroblast cultures.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Cells, Cultured; Fibroblasts; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Ornithine; Procollagen; Proline; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl | 1987 |
Perivenous localisation of Na-dependent glutamate transport in perfused rat liver.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Liver; Perfusion; Portal Vein; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium | 1987 |
Hb D Los Angeles [beta 121 Glu----Gln] in Japan.
Topics: Female; Genetic Code; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Humans; Japan; Middle Aged; Peptide Mapping | 1987 |
Arachidonic acid inhibits uptake of glutamate and glutamine but not of GABA in cultured cerebellar granule cells.
Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Arachidonic Acids; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Metabolism of glutamine and glutamate in monkey lens.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Culture Media; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lens, Crystalline; Macaca; Macaca mulatta; Organ Culture Techniques | 1987 |
Effect of amino acid at the beta 6 position on surface hydrophobicity, stability, solubility, and the kinetics of polymerization of hemoglobin. Comparisons among Hb A (Glu beta 6), Hb C (Lys beta 6), Hb Machida (Gln beta 6), and Hb S (Val beta 6).
Topics: Drug Stability; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemoglobin A; Hemoglobin C; Hemoglobin, Sickle; Hemoglobins; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Humans; Kinetics; Lysine; Macromolecular Substances; Oxyhemoglobins; Solubility; Structure-Activity Relationship; Valine | 1987 |
Pathways of glutamine and glutamate metabolism in resting and proliferating rat thymocytes: comparison between free and peptide-bound glutamine.
Topics: Animals; Dipeptides; DNA Replication; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Peptides; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; T-Lymphocytes | 1987 |
Glutamine and glutamate: automated quantification and isotopic enrichments by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Topics: Animals; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nitrogen Isotopes; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; Rats | 1987 |
Determination of delta-aminobutyric acid and other amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid of pediatric patients by reversed-phase liquid chromatography.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Myelography; Neurotransmitter Agents; Reference Standards | 1987 |
Utilization of plasma fatty acid in rat brain: distribution of [14C]palmitate between oxidative and synthetic pathways.
Topics: Aging; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Gangliosides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Oxidation-Reduction; Palmitic Acid; Palmitic Acids; Phospholipids; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Tissue Distribution | 1987 |
Immunohistochemistry and biosynthesis of N-acetylaspartylglutamate in spinal sensory ganglia.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Anisomycin; Aspartic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cycloheximide; Dipeptides; Ganglia; Ganglia, Spinal; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histocytochemistry; Immunologic Techniques; Male; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
[A case of hemoglobin D Punjab in Tunisia. Characterization and structural study].
Topics: Adult; Chromatography; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrophoresis; Genetic Variation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemoglobins; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Male; Pedigree; Tunisia | 1987 |
Glutamine and glutamate nitrogen exchangeable pools in cultured fibroblasts: a stable isotope study.
Topics: Body Fluids; Cells, Cultured; Fibroblasts; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Intracellular Fluid; Ion Exchange; Nitrogen; Skin | 1988 |
Glutamate transport in large muscle fibres of Balanus nubilus.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Binding, Competitive; Biological Transport; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cysteic Acid; Diffusion; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Muscles; Sodium; Thoracica | 1988 |
Effects of inhibition and modulation of gamma-glutamyltransferase on glutamine and glutamate metabolism in control and acidotic rat proximal tubules.
Topics: Acidosis; Animals; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippurates; Isoxazoles; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Characterization of amino acid metabolism by cultured rat kidney cells: study with 15N.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cell Line; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isotope Labeling; Kidney; Nitrogen Isotopes; Rats; Reference Values | 1987 |
Renal ammoniagenic response to chronic acid loading: role of glucocorticoids.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Adrenalectomy; Ammonia; Animals; Glucocorticoids; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kidney; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1988 |
Folate binding and transport by rat kidney brush-border membrane vesicles.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Choline; Electrochemistry; Folic Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney Cortex; Kinetics; Male; Microvilli; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium Chloride; Tritium | 1988 |
Glutamine and ketone-body metabolism in the gut of streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Separation; Colon; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Ketone Bodies; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Regional Blood Flow | 1988 |
Regulation of transmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis and metabolism illustrated by the effect of gamma-vinyl GABA and hypoglycemia.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Aminocaproates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoglycemia; Male; Postmortem Changes; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vigabatrin | 1988 |
Effects of medium glutamine, glutamate, and ammonia on glutamine synthetase activity in cultured mouse astroglial cells.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrocortisone; Mice; Mice, Inbred DBA; Proteins | 1987 |
Glutamine metabolism in isolated incubated adipocytes of the rat.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Insulin; Isoproterenol; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Obesity; Rats; Rats, Zucker; Triglycerides | 1988 |
The proton pore in the Escherichia coli F0F1-ATPase: substitution of glutamate by glutamine at position 219 of the alpha-subunit prevents F0-mediated proton permeability.
Topics: Escherichia coli; Genes; Genes, Bacterial; Genotype; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Macromolecular Substances; Mutation; Plasmids; Proton-Translocating ATPases | 1988 |
Facilitation of Hb S polymerization by the substitution of Glu for Gln at beta 121.
Topics: Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemoglobin, Sickle; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Humans; Kinetics; Polymers; Probability; Protein Multimerization; Solubility; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1988 |
Arg-220 of the PstA protein is required for phosphate transport through the phosphate-specific transport system in Escherichia coli but not for alkaline phosphatase repression.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Alleles; Arginine; Base Sequence; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Enzyme Repression; Escherichia coli; Genes, Bacterial; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mutation; Phosphate-Binding Proteins; Phosphates; Protein Biosynthesis | 1988 |
Determination of amino acids in different regions of the rat brain. Application to the acute effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and trimethyltin (TMT).
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dronabinol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Quality Control; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taurine; Tissue Distribution; Trialkyltin Compounds; Trimethyltin Compounds | 1988 |
Protection against acute hyperammonemia: the role of quaternary amines.
Topics: Acetates; Ammonia; Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Methylamines; Mice | 1988 |
Site-directed mutagenic replacement of glu-461 with gln in beta-galactosidase (E. coli): evidence that glu-461 is important for activity.
Topics: beta-Galactosidase; Escherichia coli; Galactosidases; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Structure-Activity Relationship; Temperature | 1988 |
Evidence that aspartate aminotransferase activity and ketodicarboxylate carrier function are essential for biosynthesis of transmitter glutamate.
Topics: Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspartic Acid; Calcium Chloride; Carrier Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Cobalt; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Succinates | 1988 |
Influence of total nitrogen, asparagine, and glutamine on MCA tumor growth in the Fischer 344 rat.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Body Weight; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Nitrogen; Organ Size; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Sarcoma, Experimental | 1988 |
Role of glucocorticoids in increased muscle glutamine production in starvation.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Animals; Enzyme Induction; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrocortisone; Male; Muscles; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Starvation | 1988 |
Short-term metabolic fate of 13N-labeled glutamate, alanine, and glutamine(amide) in rat liver.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Veins; Kinetics; Liver; Male; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Radioisotopes; Portal Vein; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Transaminases; Urea | 1988 |
Net portal-drained visceral and hepatic metabolism of glucose, L-lactate, and nitrogenous compounds in lactating holstein cows.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Cattle; Female; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactates; Lactation; Liver; Nitrogen; Pregnancy; Urea | 1988 |
Astrocyte metabolism of [15N]glutamine: implications for the glutamine-glutamate cycle.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Nitrogen Isotopes; Osmolar Concentration | 1988 |
The effect of fluorocitrate on transmitter amino acid release from rat striatal slices.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Citrates; Corpus Striatum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Neuroglia; Neurotransmitter Agents; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1988 |
Glutamine-induced membrane currents in cultured chick spinal cord neurons.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Kainic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Spinal Cord | 1988 |
Pathways for organic osmolyte synthesis in rabbit renal papillary tissue, a metabolic study using 13C-labeled substrates.
Topics: Alanine; Aldehyde Reductase; Animals; Citric Acid Cycle; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Glycolysis; Inositol; Kidney Medulla; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rabbits; Sorbitol | 1988 |
Subcellular distribution of malate-aspartate cycle intermediates during normoxia and anoxia in the heart.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Citrates; Citric Acid; Citric Acid Cycle; Cytosol; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Malates; Male; Mitochondria, Heart; Myocardium; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Subcellular Fractions | 1988 |
Behavioral classification of excitatory amino acid receptors in mouse spinal cord.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Behavior, Animal; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kainic Acid; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; N-Methylaspartate; Oxadiazoles; Quisqualic Acid; Receptors, Amino Acid; Receptors, Cell Surface; Spinal Cord; Valine | 1988 |
Central respiratory effects of glutamine synthesis inhibition in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Chemoreceptor Cells; Dogs; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Models, Biological; Neurotransmitter Agents; Respiration | 1988 |
Effects of L-glutamate infusion on the renal utilization of glutamate and glutamine in the dog kidney in vivo during chronic metabolic acidosis or alkalosis.
Topics: Acidosis; Alkalosis; Animals; Chronic Disease; Dogs; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kidney; Male; Mitochondria | 1988 |
A novel function of glutamine in cell culture: utilization of glutamine for the uptake of cystine in human fibroblasts.
Topics: Biological Transport, Active; Cells, Cultured; Cysteine; Cystine; Fibroblasts; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Sodium | 1988 |
In vivo metabolism of nitrogen precursors for urea synthesis in the postprandial rat.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Food; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kidney; Liver; Male; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Isotopes; Rats; Urea | 1988 |
The effect of ketone bodies on alanine and glutamine metabolism in isolated skeletal muscle from the fasted chick.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Chickens; Fasting; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Intracellular Fluid; Ketone Bodies; Muscles; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid | 1988 |
Glutathione formation in Penicillium chrysogenum: stimulatory effect of ammonium.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Penicillium; Penicillium chrysogenum | 1988 |
Effects of pharmacological manipulations on basal and newly synthesized levels of GABA, glutamate, aspartate and glutamine in mouse brain cortex.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice; N-Methylaspartate; Valproic Acid | 1988 |
The effect of an uptake inhibitor (dihydrokainate) on endogenous excitatory amino acids in the lamprey spinal cord as revealed by microdialysis.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Lampreys; Neurotransmitter Agents; Reference Values; Spinal Cord | 1988 |
Assessment of effects of amino acids and branched chain keto acids on leucine oxidation in human lymphocytes.
Topics: 3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide); Adolescent; Adult; Alanine; Amino Acids; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Isoleucine; Keto Acids; Ketone Oxidoreductases; Leucine; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Multienzyme Complexes; Oxidation-Reduction; Valine | 1988 |
Measurement of the transfer of the nitrogen moiety of intestinal lumen glutamic acid in man after oral ingestion of l-[15N]glutamic acid.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Alanine; Amino Acids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Nitrogen | 1988 |
Direct effect of neuroleptics on glutamate release.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Atropine; Avoidance Learning; Butaclamol; Calcium; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Haloperidol; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Rats; Synaptosomes | 1984 |
The release of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and acetylcholine from striatal slices: a mass fragmentographic study.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Caudate Nucleus; Electric Stimulation; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Perfusion; Potassium Chloride; Tetrodotoxin | 1981 |
Studies on the role of the liver and splanchnic tissues in the production of carbohydrate intolerance in uremia.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Nephrectomy; Portal Vein; Rats; Uremia | 1981 |
Reassignment of residue 122 in the myoglobin from the killer whale, Orcinus orca.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cetacea; Dolphins; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Myoglobin; Species Specificity; Whales | 1981 |
Genetics of the glutamine transport system in Escherichia coli.
Topics: Biological Transport, Active; Carrier Proteins; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Genes; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, Regulator; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mutation | 1981 |
Evidence for compartmentalization of glutamate in rat brain synaptosomes using the glutamate sensitivity of phosphate-activated glutaminase as a functional test.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enzyme Activation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Phosphates; Rats; Synaptosomes | 1981 |
The effect of maleate on glutamine metabolism by rat kidney.
Topics: Acetoacetates; Acidosis; Ammonia; Animals; Gluconeogenesis; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Keto Acids; Kidney Cortex; Maleates; Microvilli; Rats | 1981 |
Light-induced oscillations of the glutamate pool size and of the respiratory oxygen uptake in the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Cyanobacteria; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Light; Oxygen Consumption | 1981 |
Stimulation of pancreatic islet metabolism and insulin release by a nonmetabolizable amino acid.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Cyclic; Animals; Enzyme Activation; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Rats | 1981 |
Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in cultured mammalian cells: energy provision in a glycolytic mutant.
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic; Animals; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cells, Cultured; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Mutation; Ovary; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphoglycerate Kinase | 1981 |
Detection of glutamate synthase in heterocysts of Anabaena sp. strain 7120.
Topics: Cyanobacteria; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Transaminases | 1981 |
Foetal glutamate as a possible precursor of placental glutamine in the guinea pig.
Topics: Animals; Female; Fetal Blood; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Perfusion; Placenta; Pregnancy | 1981 |
Determination of [amide-15N]glutamine in plasma with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Ammonia; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Nitrogen Isotopes | 1982 |
Rapid formation of poly-gamma-glutamyl derivatives of methotrexate and their association with dihydrofolate reductase as assessed by high pressure liquid chromatography in the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Folic Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Male; Methotrexate; Mice; Pteroylpolyglutamic Acids; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase | 1982 |
Changed taurine-glutamic acid content and altered nervous tissue cytoarchitecture.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Dark Adaptation; Fishes; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Haplorhini; Homeostasis; Humans; Light; Mice; Taurine | 1981 |
L-histidine utilization in Aspergillus nidulans.
Topics: Ammonia-Lyases; Aspergillus nidulans; Biological Transport; Culture Media; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Histidine Ammonia-Lyase; Nitrates; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Urocanic Acid | 1982 |
Physiology of ammonium assimilation in Neurospora crassa.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neurospora; Neurospora crassa; Protein Biosynthesis; RNA, Fungal; RNA, Messenger | 1982 |
Glial versus neuronal uptake of glutamate.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Biological Transport; Brain; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histocytochemistry; Neuroglia; Neurons; Rats; Tritium | 1981 |
The topographical distribution of alanine, aspartate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, glutamine, and glycine in the pigeon optic tectum and the effect of retinal ablation.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Columbidae; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Kinetics; Male; Optic Nerve; Retina; Superior Colliculi; Taurine | 1982 |
Regional amino acid distribution in relation to function in insulin hypoglycaemia.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Catalepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tissue Distribution | 1982 |
Huntington's disease. Glutamate and aspartate metabolism in blood platelets.
Topics: Adult; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Blood Platelets; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Huntington Disease; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged | 1982 |
Uptake of glutamate, GABA, and glutamine into a predominantly GABA-ergic and a predominantly glutamatergic nerve cell population in culture.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Biological Transport; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Mice; Mice, Inbred DBA; Neurons | 1982 |
Effects of in vitro potassium on ammoniagenesis in rat and canine kidney tissue.
Topics: Acidosis; Ammonia; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1982 |
Hereditary high concentration of glutathione in canine erythrocytes associated with high accumulation of glutamate, glutamine, and aspartate.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Dogs; Erythrocytes; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Pedigree | 1982 |
Glutamate metabolism triggered by oxaloacetate in intact plant mitochondria.
Topics: Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Malonates; Mitochondria; Oxaloacetates; Oxidation-Reduction; Plants; Time Factors; Transaminases | 1982 |
Long-term potentiation of the perforant path in vivo is associated with increased glutamate release.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Kinetics; Rats; Synapses; Tritium | 1982 |
GABA synthesis in isolated vestibulary tissue of chick inner ear.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Vestibule, Labyrinth | 1982 |
Renal ammoniagenesis in kidney slices from rats undergoing glycerol-induced acute tubular necrosis.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Ammonia; Animals; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Gluconeogenesis; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycerol; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1982 |
Alteration in neuronal-glial metabolism of glutamate by the neurotoxin kainic acid.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kainic Acid; Male; Neuroglia; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Tetrodotoxin; Veratridine | 1982 |
Glutamine distribution in mitochondria from normal and acidotic rat kidneys.
Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Animals; Cell Membrane Permeability; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Kidney; Male; Mannitol; Mitochondria; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1982 |
L-glutamate and L-glutamine uptake in adult rat cerebellum: an autoradiographic study.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nerve Fibers; Neurons; Purkinje Cells; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptic Transmission | 1982 |
Glutamine and glutamate transport in cultured neuronal and glial cells.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Electrolytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Neuroglia; Neurons; Rats | 1982 |
Glutamine and alpha-ketoglutarate uptake and metabolism by nerve terminal enriched material from mouse cerebellum.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Nerve Endings; Neurons; Sodium | 1982 |
Age-related changes in the glutamate metabolism of cerebral cortical slices from rats.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1982 |
On the mechanism of the protective effect of ethanol against ammonia intoxication in mice.
Topics: Acetates; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Ethanol; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Liver; Male; Mice | 1982 |
Biochemical characterization and interaction of neuronal and glial cells in culture.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Surface; Astrocytes; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Chick Embryo; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Rats | 1982 |
The stimulus-secretion coupling of amino acid-induced insulin release. XII. Contrasting effects of L-leucine and a nonmetabolized analog upon islet metabolism and insulin secretion.
Topics: Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Cyclic; Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Leucine; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats | 1982 |
Hemoglobin Camden (beta 131 (H 9) Gln replaced by Glu): the second instance in Japan.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Female; Globins; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Humans; Japan; Middle Aged | 1982 |
Effect of the nitrogen source on glutamine and alanine biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa. An in vivo 15N nuclear magnetic resonance study.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurospora; Neurospora crassa; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Isotopes | 1982 |
Hemoglobin Oleander [alpha 116(GH4)Glu replaced by Gln beta 2]: structural and functional characterization.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Erythrocyte Indices; Erythrocytes; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mutation; Oxygen | 1982 |
Hemoglobin Machida [beta 6 (A3) Glu replaced by Gln], a new abnormal hemoglobin discovered in a Japanese family: structure, function and biosynthesis.
Topics: Adult; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Female; Globins; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Humans; Japan; Male; Oxygen; Peptides | 1982 |
Secondary effects of the ethionine-resistance mutation in Saccharomycopsis lipolytica.
Topics: Arginine; Ascomycota; Drug Resistance; Ethionine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Lysine; Methionine; Mutation; Saccharomycopsis | 1982 |
Ammonia formation from some amino acids by human term placental mitochondria.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Mitochondria; Models, Biological; NAD; Placenta; Pregnancy | 1982 |
Glutamine uptake by isolated rat brain mitochondria.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Brain; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ketoglutaric Acids; Lactones; Mersalyl; Mitochondria; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1982 |
Glutamine and glucose as precursors of transmitter amino acids: ex vivo studies.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport, Active; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution | 1983 |
Biochemical development of the human brain. III. Benzodiazepine receptors, free gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) and other amino acids.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebellum; Female; Flunitrazepam; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gestational Age; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kinetics; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, GABA-A | 1982 |
Renal metabolism of glutamine in rats with acute renal failure.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Glycerol; Kidney Cortex; Rats | 1982 |
Release of endogenous amino acids from superior colliculus of the rabbit: in vitro studies after retinal ablation.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; beta-Alanine; Functional Laterality; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Rabbits; Retina; Superior Colliculi; Taurine | 1983 |
Desmethylimipramine enhances the release of endogenous GABA and other neurotransmitter amino acids from the rat thalamus.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Calcium Chloride; Desipramine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Magnesium; Magnesium Chloride; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thalamus | 1983 |
Ornithine as a precursor of glutamate and GABA: uptake and metabolism by neuronal and glial enriched cellular material.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Nerve Endings; Neuroglia; Neurons; Ornithine; Rats; Synaptosomes | 1983 |
Some aspects on amino acid metabolism in relation to glucose and ketone bodies in brain cortex slices of the rat.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydroxybutyrates; In Vitro Techniques; Ketone Bodies; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats | 1982 |
Control of ammoniagenesis by alpha-ketoglutarate in rat kidney mitochondria.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kidney Cortex; Kinetics; Male; Mitochondria; Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1983 |
Alterations in the content of amino acid neurotransmitters before the onset and during the course of methoxypyridoxine-induced seizures in individual rabbit brain regions.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Kinetics; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pyridoxine; Rabbits; Seizures; Taurine; Tissue Distribution | 1983 |
Stimulation of glutamine metabolism by 3-aminopicolinate in isolated dog kidney-cortex tubules.
Topics: Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Dogs; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Cortex; Kidney Tubules; Male; Picolinic Acids; Stimulation, Chemical | 1983 |
The influence of total hepatectomy on cerebral energy state, ammonia-related amino acids of the brain and plasma amino acids in the rat.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Stem; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatectomy; Male; Rats | 1983 |
In vivo release from cerebral cortex of [14C]glutamate synthesized from [U-14C]glutamine.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Scorpion Venoms | 1983 |
Glutamine metabolism in bone.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Biological Transport; Bone and Bones; Carbon Dioxide; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Phosphates; Rats; Skull; Sodium; Transaminases | 1983 |
The purine nucleotide cycle and ammonia formation from glutamine by rat kidney slices.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Fructose; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Cortex; Phosphates; Purine Nucleotides; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1983 |
A method for manual determination of glutamate, glutamine, GABA and aspartate from brain regions.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Indicators and Reagents; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sex Factors | 1983 |
Concerning the equilibrium exchange kinetics and mechanism of the sheep brain glutamine synthetase reaction.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Phosphates; Sheep | 1983 |
Glutamine and glutamate transport by Anabaena variabilis.
Topics: Biological Transport; Cyanobacteria; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Methionine Sulfoximine; Mutation | 1983 |
A radioautographic study of [3H]L-glutamate and [3H]L-glutamine uptake in the guinea-pig cochlea.
Topics: Absorption; Animals; Autoradiography; Cochlea; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Hair Cells, Auditory; In Vitro Techniques; Methionine Sulfoximine; Neurotransmitter Agents; Sodium | 1983 |
Lactate, alanine and glutamine metabolism in isolated canine pup liver cells.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Dogs; Female; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver; Male; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Urea | 1983 |
Karabemycin, a new antimetabolite of glutamine produced by a strain of streptomycete.
Topics: Amino Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Bacteria; Culture Media; Fermentation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Peptides; Streptomyces | 1983 |
Substrates of energy metabolism of the pituitary and pineal glands.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Pineal Gland; Pituitary Gland; Rats; Time Factors | 1983 |
Incorporation of 14C from glucose into amino acids in brain in vitro in the presence of organo- and inorganic lead and pyridoxal phosphate.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Brain Stem; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Lead; Male; Organometallic Compounds; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tetraethyl Lead | 1983 |
Uptake and metabolism of L-[3H]glutamate and L-[3H]glutamine in adult rat cerebellar slices.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cerebellum; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tritium | 1983 |
Influence of pathological concentrations of ammonia on metabolic fate of 14C-labeled glutamate in astrocytes in primary cultures.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cells, Cultured; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Mice | 1984 |
Ammonia inhibits protein synthesis in slices from young rat brain.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Rats | 1984 |
Effects of hypoglycemia on the transmitter pool and the metabolic pool of glutamate in rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Corpus Striatum; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insulin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptic Transmission | 1983 |
Effect of cortex ablation on amino acid neurotransmitters in the pallidum of baboons.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartame; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Globus Pallidus; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Neurotransmitter Agents; Papio; Taurine | 1984 |
Renal gluconeogenesis: axial and internephron heterogeneity and the effect of parathyroid hormone.
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Cyclic AMP; Gluconeogenesis; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Nephrons; Parathyroid Hormone; Rats | 1984 |
Glutamine, glutamate, and other possible regulators of alpha-ketoglutarate and malate uptake by synaptic terminals.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Calcium; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kinetics; Malates; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptic Membranes | 1984 |
Alterations in uptake and release rates for GABA, glutamate, and glutamine during biochemical maturation of highly purified cultures of cerebral cortical neurons, a GABAergic preparation.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Neurons; Potassium; Pregnancy | 1984 |
[Thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in the rat. III Ammonia level and its metabolic substrates in the brain].
Topics: Acetamides; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Ketoglutaric Acids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thioacetamide | 1983 |
Glutamine-dependent synthesis of citrulline by isolated hepatic mitochondria from Squalus acanthias.
Topics: Ammonia; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Citrulline; Dogfish; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isoxazoles; Methionine Sulfoximine; Mitochondria, Liver | 1984 |
Successful long-term use of a plasmapheresis reactor system in dogs with lymphoma.
Topics: Animals; Asparagine; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Lymphoma; Plasmapheresis | 1983 |
Effects of glucagon in vivo on the N-acetylglutamate, glutamate and glutamine contents of rat liver.
Topics: Animals; Glucagon; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Liver; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
The oxidation of glutamine and glutamate in relation to anion transport in enterocyte mitochondria.
Topics: Animals; Anions; Biological Transport; Epithelium; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intestinal Mucosa; Malates; Male; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Swelling; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
In vivo release by vagal stimulation of L-[3H] glutamic acid in the nucleus tractus solitarius preloaded with L-[3H] glutamine.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Autoradiography; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Medulla Oblongata; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tritium; Vagus Nerve | 1984 |
Metabolism of the glutamate group of amino acids in rat brain as a function of age.
Topics: Aging; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Energy Metabolism; Enzymes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
Potential locus and mechanism of blockade of conditioned avoidance responding by neuroleptics.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Avoidance Learning; Chlorpromazine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Haloperidol; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Stereotaxic Techniques; Thioridazine | 1984 |
Transport of amino acids for glutathione biosynthesis in human and dog red cells.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Carbon Radioisotopes; Dogs; Erythrocytes; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Kinetics | 1983 |
Glutamine synthetase from Mycobacterium avium.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Chromatography, Affinity; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isoelectric Point; Methionine Sulfoximine; Molecular Weight; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium avium; Peptides; Temperature | 1984 |
Identification of a glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase mutation Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Topics: Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases; Genes; Genes, Fungal; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Mutation; Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 1984 |
The pathways of glutamate and glutamine oxidation by tumor cell mitochondria. Role of mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kidney; Kinetics; Leukemia L1210; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mitochondria; Mitochondria, Liver; NAD; NADP; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thymoma; Thymus Neoplasms | 1984 |
Changes in regional neurotransmitter amino acid levels in rat brain during seizures induced by L-allylglycine, bicuculline, and kainic acid.
Topics: Allylglycine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Bicuculline; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Kainic Acid; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Taurine | 1984 |
Nitrogen movement between host and tumor in mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascitic tumor cells.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Biological Transport; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Mice; Nitrogen | 1984 |
Regulation of glutamine synthetase and glutaminase activities in cultured skeletal muscle cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Dexamethasone; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Kinetics; Muscles; Phosphates; Rats | 1984 |
Metabolic fate of [14C]-glutamine in mouse cerebral neurons in primary cultures.
Topics: Absorption; Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon Dioxide; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Neurons; Oxidation-Reduction | 1984 |
The route of incorporation of nitrogen atom into rifamycin during its biosynthesis.
Topics: Ammonium Sulfate; Diazooxonorleucine; Fermentation; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nitrogen; Nocardia; Rifamycins | 1984 |
Effect of phenylephrine on glutamate and glutamine metabolism in isolated perfused rat liver.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Citric Acid Cycle; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Male; Perfusion; Phenylephrine; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
Cerebral cortex and amino acid neurotransmitters: higher levels of aspartic acid but not GABA in the frontal cortex of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Occipital Lobe; Parietal Lobe; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Temporal Lobe; Tissue Distribution | 1984 |
Metabolism of the alpha-amino nitrogen of glutamine in rat lens.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lens, Crystalline; Nitrogen Isotopes; Organ Culture Techniques; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
Glutamine enhances glutamate release in preference to gamma-aminobutyrate release in hippocampal slices.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Calcium; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Magnesium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors | 1984 |
Regional synthesis of 14C-amino acids in cerebral cortex of the unanesthetized rat: simultaneous analysis by "push-pull" perfusion.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Rats | 1984 |
Enzymes of glutamate and glutamine biosynthesis in Bacillus licheniformis.
Topics: Bacillus; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Macromolecular Substances; Molecular Weight; Nitrogen; Transaminases | 1984 |
Amino acid changes in regions of the CNS in relation to function in experimental portal-systemic encephalopathy.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Central Nervous System; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Male; Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
Glutamic acid and glutamine levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Tyrosine | 1984 |
Arginine uptake by isolated rat liver mitochondria.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Citrulline; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lysine; Male; Mitochondria, Heart; Mitochondria, Liver; Ornithine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
Profile of amino acid synthesis in rat hippocampus during push-pull perfusion of ethanol or morphine.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Ethanol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hippocampus; Male; Morphine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
The role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in muscle alanine synthesis.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscles; Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP); Picolinic Acids; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Starvation; Substrate Specificity | 1984 |
Proline, glutamate and glutamine metabolism in mouse brain synaptosomes.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cell Fractionation; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Proline; Synaptosomes | 1984 |
Glutamine-induced alterations in the content of brain amino acid neurotransmitters in rats with different alcohol motivation.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Motivation; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taurine | 1984 |
ColE1 hybrid plasmids containing Escherichia coli genes involved in the biosynthesis of glutamate and glutamine.
Topics: Electrophoresis; Escherichia coli; Genetic Markers; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunoelectrophoresis; Plasmids | 1980 |
A new gamma chain variant: Hb F-Pordenone [gamma 6(A3) Glu replaced by Gln: 75ILE: 136ALA].
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Fetal Hemoglobin; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Humans; Isoleucine; Italy; Male | 1982 |
Homonuclear J-refocused spectral editing technique for quantification of glutamine and glutamate by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Algorithms; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Feasibility Studies; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen; Image Enhancement; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | 1995 |
Endogenous excitatory amino acid release from brain slices and astrocyte cultures evoked by trimethyltin and other neurotoxic agents.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Excitatory Amino Acids; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Neurotoxins; Ouabain; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Glutamate; Taurine; Trimethyltin Compounds; Veratrine | 1995 |
Comparison of glutamine-enhanced glutamate release from slices and primary cultures of rat brain.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Brain Stem; Catecholamines; Cells, Cultured; Corpus Striatum; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Immunohistochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neurofilament Proteins; Neuroglia; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 1995 |
Traumatic brain injury-induced excitotoxicity assessed in a controlled cortical impact model.
Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Microdialysis; Microinjections; N-Methylaspartate; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serine | 1993 |
Compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine in the lateral cervical nucleus: further evidence for glutamate as a spinocervical tract neurotransmitter.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Ganglia, Spinal; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Horseradish Peroxidase; Immunohistochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Endings; Neurotransmitter Agents; Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugate; Wheat Germ Agglutinins | 1994 |
Glu192-->Gln substitution in thrombin yields an enzyme that is effectively inhibited by bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Aprotinin; Binding, Competitive; Cattle; Factor Xa; Fibrinolytic Agents; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Lipoproteins; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Point Mutation; Recombinant Proteins; Thrombin | 1994 |
Histamine-mediated neuronal death in a rat model of Wernicke's encephalopathy.
Topics: Animals; Cell Death; Disease Models, Animal; Gliosis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Histamine; Histamine Release; Male; Methylhistidines; Microdialysis; Necrosis; Nerve Degeneration; Neuroglia; Pyrithiamine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Thalamus; Thiamine Deficiency; Wernicke Encephalopathy | 1994 |
Estimates of Krebs cycle activity and contributions of gluconeogenesis to hepatic glucose production in fasting healthy subjects and IDDM patients.
Topics: Adult; Bicarbonates; Blood Glucose; Carbon Radioisotopes; Case-Control Studies; Citric Acid Cycle; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Fasting; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Lactates; Liver; Male; Models, Biological; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Reference Values; Urea | 1995 |
Noradrenaline-induced stimulation of glutamine metabolism in primary cultures of astrocytes.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Carbon Dioxide; Cells, Cultured; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Norepinephrine; Time Factors | 1995 |
Hormonal control of hepatic glutaminase.
Topics: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dietary Proteins; Endotoxins; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ethers, Cyclic; Glucagon; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Mitochondria, Liver; Okadaic Acid; Phosphates; Rats; Signal Transduction; Thionucleotides | 1995 |
Ca2+ channel selectivity at a single locus for high-affinity Ca2+ interactions.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Binding Sites; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Cations, Divalent; Electrochemistry; Electrophysiology; Female; Gene Transfer Techniques; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mutagenesis; Myocardium; Oocytes; Point Mutation; Rabbits; RNA, Messenger; Xenopus laevis | 1995 |
EPR studies of wild-type and several mutants of cytochrome c oxidase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides: Glu286 is not a bridging ligand in the cytochrome a3-CuB center.
Topics: Base Sequence; Copper; Cytochrome a Group; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Electron Transport Complex IV; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Structure, Secondary; Rhodobacter sphaeroides | 1995 |
Glutamine cycle enzymes in the crayfish giant nerve fiber: implications for axon-to-glia signaling.
Topics: Animals; Astacoidea; Axons; Cell Communication; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Fibers; Neuroglia; Rabbits | 1995 |
The concentration of ammonia regulates nitrogen metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Ammonia; Base Sequence; Biomass; Fungal Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Dehydrogenase (NADP+); Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Membrane Transport Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Nitrogen; Osmolar Concentration; RNA, Fungal; RNA, Messenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 1995 |
Suppression of anionic amino acid transport impairs the maintenance of intracellular glutamate in Ha-ras-expressing cells.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Amino Acids; Animals; Anions; Asparaginase; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Dexamethasone; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Mice; Oncogene Protein p21(ras); Recombinant Proteins | 1995 |
Extracellular glutamate flux regulates intracellular glutaminase activity in LLC-PK1-F+ cells.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cell Line; Extracellular Space; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Intracellular Fluid; Isoxazoles; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Kinetics; LLC-PK1 Cells; Models, Biological; Swine | 1995 |
Miniaturized thin film glutamate and glutamine biosensors.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Calibration; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration | 1995 |
On-line monitoring of glucose, glutamate and glutamine during mammalian cell cultivations.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Cells, Cultured; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 1995 |
Differential cellular distribution of glutamate and glutamine in the rat vestibular endorgans: an immunocytochemical study.
Topics: Animals; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sensory Receptor Cells; Tissue Embedding; Vestibule, Labyrinth | 1995 |
Initial observations on effect of vigabatrin on in vivo 1H spectroscopic measurements of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and glutamine in human brain.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Epilepsy; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Vigabatrin | 1995 |
Glutamine from glial cells is essential for the maintenance of the nerve terminal pool of glutamate: immunogold evidence from hippocampal slice cultures.
Topics: Animals; Culture Techniques; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Immune Sera; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Endings; Neuroglia; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1995 |
Gentamicin formation in Micromonospora purpurea: stimulatory effect of ammonium.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Fermentation; Gentamicins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Methionine Sulfoximine; Micromonospora | 1995 |
Free amino acids in plasma and muscle of high yielding dairy cows in early lactation.
Topics: Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Amino Acids, Essential; Animals; Cattle; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Labor, Obstetric; Lactation; Methionine; Muscles; Phenylalanine; Pregnancy | 1995 |
The Escherichia coli PII signal transduction protein is activated upon binding 2-ketoglutarate and ATP.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Bacterial Proteins; Enzyme Activation; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Oxaloacetates; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; PII Nitrogen Regulatory Proteins; Protein Binding; Protein Kinases; Signal Transduction | 1995 |
Purification and characterization of a low molecular weight endogenous glutamate binding inhibitor (LGBI) in porcine brain.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Factors; Brain; Cysteine; Drug Stability; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Membranes; Molecular Weight; Receptors, Glutamate; Swine | 1995 |
[Importance of organic osmolytes in central pontine myelinolysis].
Topics: Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Myelinolysis, Central Pontine; Phosphocreatine; Taurine | 1995 |
Platelet and plasma levels of glutamate and glutamine in migraine with and without aura.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Platelets; Case-Control Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders; Reference Values | 1995 |
Age-dependent neurotoxicity of striatal lesions produced by aminooxyacetic acid: quantitative in vitro 1H NMR spectroscopic studies.
Topics: Aging; Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mitochondria; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1995 |
Excess extracellular and low intracellular glutamate in poorly differentiating wobbler astrocytes and astrocyte recovery in glutamine-depleted culture medium.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Communication; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Neurologic Mutants; Nerve Degeneration; Spinal Cord | 1995 |
Effect of amygdaloid kindling on the content and release of amino acids from the amygdaloid complex: in vivo and in vitro studies.
Topics: Amino Acids; Amygdala; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Dialysis; Electric Stimulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Kindling, Neurologic; Male; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seizures | 1995 |
Effect of biotin on ammonia intoxication in rats and mice.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biotin; Brain; Dipeptides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1995 |
[Characteristics of the pool of blood free amino acids of rats during extended hypokinesis].
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cystine; Dehydration; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypokinesia; Kidney; Liver; Male; Muscles; Myocardium; Neurosecretory Systems; Rats; Time Factors | 1995 |
A single amino acid substitution within the mature sequence of ornithine aminotransferase obstructs mitochondrial entry of the precursor.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Animals; Base Composition; Base Sequence; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; DNA Mutational Analysis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mitochondria; Molecular Sequence Data; Ornithine-Oxo-Acid Transaminase; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid | 1995 |
Determination of amino acids and monoamine neurotransmitters in caudate nucleus of seizure-resistant and seizure-prone BALB/c mice.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Amino Acids; Animals; Biogenic Monoamines; Caudate Nucleus; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homovanillic Acid; Hydrazines; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Levodopa; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Seizures; Serotonin; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1993 |
Huntington's disease: the neuroexcitotoxin aspartate is increased in platelets and decreased in plasma.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Blood Platelets; Blood Proteins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Huntington Disease; Male; Middle Aged; Phenylalanine; Plasma | 1994 |
Crystal structure of bovine angiogenin at 1.5-A resolution.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; Animals; Binding Sites; Cattle; Crystallography, X-Ray; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Milk; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Structure, Secondary; Proteins; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid | 1995 |
Differences in amino acid content of preimplantation mouse embryos that develop in vitro versus in vivo: in vitro effects of five amino acids that are abundant in oviductal secretions.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Blastocyst; Culture Media; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Gestational Age; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Pregnancy | 1995 |
Structural determinants of allosteric regulation in alternatively spliced AMPA receptors.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Alternative Splicing; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Benzothiadiazines; Embryo, Mammalian; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kainic Acid; Kidney; Macromolecular Substances; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oocytes; Point Mutation; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Serine; Transfection; Xenopus laevis | 1995 |
Metabolite flux across portal-drained viscera, liver, and hindquarters of hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic beef steers.
Topics: Aging; Alanine; Animals; Biological Transport; Body Weight; Cattle; Glucose; Glucose Clamp Technique; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hyperinsulinism; Insulin; Liver; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Portal Vein; Random Allocation; Viscera | 1994 |
Glutamate and glutamine metabolism in cultured GABAergic neurons studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy may indicate compartmentation and mitochondrial heterogeneity.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Mitochondria; Neurons; Vigabatrin | 1995 |
Glutamine-glutamate exchange between placenta and fetal liver.
Topics: Animals; Female; Fetus; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Liver; Osmolar Concentration; Placenta; Pregnancy; Sheep | 1995 |
Yeast N-terminal amidase. A new enzyme and component of the N-end rule pathway.
Topics: Acyltransferases; Amidohydrolases; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Aminoacyltransferases; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Base Sequence; Carbohydrate Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Codon; Fungal Proteins; Genes, Fungal; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Half-Life; Ligases; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Multienzyme Complexes; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases | 1995 |
Neuroprotective effect of phenylsuccinate, an inhibitor of cytosolic glutamate formation from glutamine, under anoxic conditions but not during exposure to exogenous glutamate.
Topics: Animals; Cell Death; Cerebellum; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoxia; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Mice; Succinates | 1995 |
Glutamate substitution for glutamine at position 5 or 6 reduces somatostatin action in the eel intestine.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Eels; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intestinal Mucosa; Molecular Sequence Data; Somatostatin | 1994 |
Selecting and designing cell lines for improved physiological characteristics.
Topics: Animals; Cell Division; Cholesterol; Choline; Clone Cells; Culture Techniques; DNA, Recombinant; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hybridomas; Mice; Multiple Myeloma; Recombinant Proteins; Transfection; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1994 |
Effective formation of di- and tri-gamma-glutamates by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Esters; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Sequence Data; Substrate Specificity | 1995 |
Methods for reducing the ammonia in hybridoma cell cultures.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Biotechnology; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Cytological Techniques; Filtration; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hybridomas; Ion Exchange; Membranes, Artificial; Mice; Zeolites | 1995 |
Role of residue 161 in the allosteric transitions of two bacterial phosphofructokinases.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Amino Acid Sequence; Enzyme Activation; Escherichia coli; Geobacillus stearothermophilus; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guanosine Diphosphate; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Phosphoenolpyruvate; Phosphofructokinase-1 | 1995 |
ADP-ribosylation of glutamine synthetase in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; Ammonium Chloride; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cyanobacteria; Enzyme Activation; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Species Specificity | 1995 |
Ethanol elevates fetal serum glutamate levels in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Ethanol; Female; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; Fetal Growth Retardation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glutamate; Synaptic Transmission | 1995 |
Protein kinase C activation inhibits glutamate transport by endothelial cells.
Topics: Biological Transport; Cells, Cultured; Endothelium, Vascular; Enzyme Activation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Protein Kinase C; Sodium; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate | 1995 |
Increased levels of oxidized glutathione in CD4+ lymphocytes associated with disturbed intracellular redox balance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
Topics: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cysteine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Interleukin-2; Lymphocyte Subsets; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 1995 |
Transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of the general amino acid permease of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems; Ammonia; Cloning, Molecular; DNA-Binding Proteins; Fungal Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione Peroxidase; Membrane Transport Proteins; Nitrogen Compounds; Phosphorylation; Prions; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Repressor Proteins; Restriction Mapping; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic; Urea | 1995 |
Simultaneous determination of the rates of the TCA cycle, glucose utilization, alpha-ketoglutarate/glutamate exchange, and glutamine synthesis in human brain by NMR.
Topics: Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Ketone Bodies; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Oxygen Consumption; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid | 1995 |
Kinetics of 2-oxoglutarate uptake by synaptosomes from bovine and rat retina and cerebral cortex and regulation by glutamate and glutamine.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Ketoglutaric Acids; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Retina; Synaptosomes | 1993 |
Pathway of free fatty acid oxidation in human subjects. Implications for tracer studies.
Topics: Acetates; Acetyl Coenzyme A; Adult; Carbon Dioxide; Citric Acid Cycle; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Half-Life; Humans; Lactates; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Palmitates; Pyruvates | 1995 |
Glutamate production by cultured microglia: differences between rat and mouse, enhancement by lipopolysaccharide and lack effect of HIV coat protein gp120 and depolarizing agents.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media, Serum-Free; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HIV Envelope Protein gp120; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Microglia; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors | 1994 |
In vivo activity of glutaminase in the brain of hyperammonaemic rats measured by 15N nuclear magnetic resonance.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Nitrogen Isotopes; Quantum Theory; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sensitivity and Specificity | 1995 |
Effect of anoxia on glutamate formation from glutamine in cultured neurons: dependence on neuronal subtype.
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Granulocytes; Hypoxia; Intracellular Membranes; Mice; Neurons | 1994 |
Adult-onset hypothyroidism and the cerebral metabolism of (1,2-13C2) acetate as detected by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance.
Topics: Acetates; Age of Onset; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Isotopes; Electronic Data Processing; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypothyroidism; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Neurological; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Thyroidectomy; Thyroxine; Tissue Extracts | 1995 |
Muscle ammonia and glutamine exchange during chronic liver insufficiency in the rat.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Chronic Disease; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Liver Failure; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1994 |
Ligand binding to wild-type and E-B13Q mutant insulins: a three-state allosteric model system showing half-site reactivity.
Topics: Allosteric Site; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insulin; Ligands; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Chemical; Mutation; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 1995 |
Functional effects of mutations in the putative agonist binding region of recombinant alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lysine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oocytes; Point Mutation; Receptors, AMPA; Recombinant Proteins; Xenopus | 1995 |
Activation of hepatic glutaminase by spermine.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Enzyme Activation; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Magnesium; Male; Mitochondria, Liver; Phosphates; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spermine | 1995 |
Cold lability of the mutant forms of Escherichia coli inorganic pyrophosphatase.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Cold Temperature; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Kinetics; Macromolecular Substances; Magnesium; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Pyrophosphatases; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1995 |
Dietary arginine deficiency and gut ammonium infusion alter flux of urea cycle intermediates across the portal-drained viscera of pigs.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Arginine; Citrulline; Diet; Digestive System; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lysine; Ornithine; Portal Vein; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Regional Blood Flow; Swine; Urea; Viscera | 1995 |
Dietary fiber increases oxidative metabolism in colonocytes but not in distal small intestinal enterocytes isolated from rats.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Colon; Dietary Fiber; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intestine, Small; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 1995 |
Endogenous glutamate involvement in pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone: evidence from effect of glutamine and developmental changes.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Diazooxonorleucine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Male; Pulsatile Flow; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Veratridine | 1995 |
Effect of luminal administration of glutamine to suppress preservation graft injury in small bowel transplants.
Topics: Alanine; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cell Survival; Dogs; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intestinal Mucosa; Isotonic Solutions; Jejunum; Organ Preservation; Perfusion; Protein Biosynthesis; Ringer's Lactate; Sucrase | 1995 |
Immune-related edemagenic activity of glutamines and glutamic acid, components of immunomodulatory agents.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Amantadine; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Dipeptides; Edema; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemolytic Plaque Technique; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Molecular Sequence Data; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1994 |
Stability of free amino acids in sulfosalicylic filtrates.
Topics: Amino Acids; Benzenesulfonates; Drug Stability; Filtration; Freezing; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Salicylates; Time Factors | 1995 |
Neuroactive amino acids in synaptosomes from focal and nonfocal temporal lobe tissue of patients with intractable complex partial seizures.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Animals; Epilepsy, Complex Partial; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes; Taurine; Temporal Lobe | 1994 |
Protonation of Glu L212 following QB- formation in the photosynthetic reaction center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides: evidence from time-resolved infrared spectroscopy.
Topics: Binding Sites; Electron Transport; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Models, Chemical; Molecular Structure; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oxidation-Reduction; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Protons; Rhodobacter sphaeroides; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared | 1995 |
Co-localization of glutamate and homocysteic acid immunoreactivities in human photoreceptor terminals.
Topics: Animals; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homocysteine; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Microscopy, Immunoelectron; Nerve Endings; Papio; Photoreceptor Cells; Retina | 1994 |
A Glu329-->Gln variant of the alpha-subunit of the rat kidney Na+,K(+)-ATPase can sustain active transport of Na+ and K+ and Na+,K(+)-activated ATP hydrolysis with normal turnover number.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Base Sequence; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Line; DNA; DNA, Complementary; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrolysis; Kidney; Molecular Sequence Data; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Recombinant Proteins; Sodium; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1993 |
A periplasmic intermediate in the extracellular secretion pathway of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A.
Topics: ADP Ribose Transferases; Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Toxins; Base Sequence; Cell Membrane; DNA Primers; Exotoxins; Genes, Bacterial; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Lysine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A; Virulence Factors | 1993 |
Effect of glutamine on heat-shock-induced mRNA and stress proteins.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Blotting, Northern; Cell Line; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heat-Shock Proteins; Hot Temperature; Kidney; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Opossums; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors; Transcription, Genetic | 1993 |
Protonation states of membrane-embedded carboxylic acid groups in rhodopsin and metarhodopsin II: a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy study of site-directed mutants.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Cell Line; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Light; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Conformation; Recombinant Proteins; Retinaldehyde; Rhodopsin; Spectrophotometry; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Time Factors; Transfection | 1993 |
Isotopomer studies of gluconeogenesis and the Krebs cycle with 13C-labeled lactate.
Topics: Acetyl Coenzyme A; Alanine; Animals; Blood Glucose; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isotope Labeling; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver; Male; Oxaloacetates; Phosphoenolpyruvate; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1993 |
Effects of halothane on the synthesis of neurotransmitter amino acids in mouse brain.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Halothane; Male; Mice | 1993 |
Isolation of a glutamate synthase (GOGAT)-negative, pleiotropically N utilization-defective mutant of Azospirillum brasilense: cloning and partial characterization of GOGAT structural gene.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Ammonium Chloride; Azospirillum brasilense; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Cosmids; Escherichia coli; Gene Library; Genes, Bacterial; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Nitrogenase; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Restriction Mapping; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid | 1993 |
Renal ammonia and glutamine metabolism during liver insufficiency-induced hyperammonemia in the rat.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney; Kinetics; Liver Failure; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Regional Blood Flow; Time Factors; Urea | 1993 |
The stimulus-evoked release of glutamate and GABA from brain subregions following transient forebrain ischemia in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Calcium; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Kinetics; Male; Potassium; Rats; Sodium Chloride | 1993 |
Determination of L-glutamate and L-glutamine in pharmaceutical formulations by amperometric L-glutamate oxidase based enzyme sensors.
Topics: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Azetidines; Biosensing Techniques; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Enzymes, Immobilized; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Membranes, Artificial; Nylons; Polymers; Reproducibility of Results; Stereoisomerism | 1993 |
Glutamine utilization in resting and stimulated platelets.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Blood Platelets; Carbon Dioxide; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Platelet Activation; Thrombin | 1993 |
Mutagenesis of the conserved lysine 14 of cytochrome c-550 from Thiobacillus versutus affects the protein structure and the electron self-exchange rate.
Topics: Conserved Sequence; Cytochrome c Group; Electrons; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lysine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Conformation; Thiobacillus | 1993 |
Changes in evoked potentials and amino acid content during fluorocitrate action studied in rat hippocampal cortex.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Citrates; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synapses; Taurine; Time Factors | 1993 |
Growth hormone-enhanced acid production and glutamate and glutamine utilization in LLC-PK-F+ cells.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Culture Techniques; Epithelium; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Intercellular Junctions; Kidney; Recombinant Proteins; Swine | 1993 |
Characterization of a mutant alpha-galactosidase gene product for the late-onset cardiac form of Fabry disease.
Topics: Age of Onset; alpha-Galactosidase; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cell Line; Enzyme Stability; Fabry Disease; Galactose; Gene Expression; Genetic Variation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lymphocytes; Melibiose; Point Mutation; Recombinant Proteins; Thermodynamics; Transfection | 1993 |
Structural model for the reaction mechanism of glutamine synthetase, based on five crystal structures of enzyme-substrate complexes.
Topics: Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Methionine Sulfoximine; Models, Chemical; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Salmonella typhimurium | 1994 |
Identification of Hb Anantharaj [alpha 11(A9)Lys->Glu] as Hb J-Wenchang-Wuming [alpha 11(A9)Lys->Gln].
Topics: Adult; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Humans; Lysine; Male; Middle Aged | 1993 |
Brain amino acid levels are related to seizure propensity in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).
Topics: Amino Acids; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Citrulline; Cysteine; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Gerbillinae; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Seizures | 1993 |
Effect of ischaemia and reperfusion on the extra- and intracellular distribution of glutamate, glutamine, aspartate and GABA in the rat hippocampus, with a note on the effect of the sodium channel blocker BW1003C87.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Calcium Channel Blockers; Extracellular Space; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Intracellular Fluid; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Male; Microdialysis; Microscopy, Immunoelectron; Neurons; Pyramidal Cells; Pyrimidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reperfusion; Time Factors | 1993 |
Sodium-dependent glutamate transport in cultured rat myotubes increases after glutamine deprivation.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cells, Cultured; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Muscles; Rats; Sodium | 1994 |
Production of glutamine and utilization of glutamate by rat subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Calibration; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Microdialysis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Regression Analysis; Skin | 1994 |
Replacement of catalytic histidine-195 of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase: evidence for a general base role for glutamate.
Topics: Acetyl Coenzyme A; Alanine; Catalysis; Chloramphenicol; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; Codon; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Molecular Structure; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed | 1994 |
Replacement of glutamic acid 29 with glutamine leads to a loss of cooperativity for AMP with porcine fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Circular Dichroism; DNA Primers; Enzyme Activation; Fructose-Bisphosphatase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Liver; Magnesium; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Swine | 1994 |
Regulation of ammonium ion assimilation enzymes in Neurospora crassa nit-2 and ms-5 mutant strains.
Topics: Alanine; Carbon; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mutation; Neurospora crassa; Nitrogen; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 1993 |
Clinical significance of measuring plasma concentrations of glutamine and glutamate in alcoholic liver diseases.
Topics: Acute Disease; Biomarkers; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chronic Disease; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatitis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary; Liver Diseases; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; Liver Neoplasms; Temperance | 1993 |
Cerebral alanine transport and alanine aminotransferase reaction: alanine as a source of neuronal glutamate.
Topics: Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Calcium; Cytosol; Fura-2; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isotope Labeling; Kinetics; Male; Neurons; Nitrogen Isotopes; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium; Synaptosomes | 1994 |
Effects of apomorphine and L-methionine sulphoximine on the release of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters and glutamine in the striatum of the conscious rat.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Apomorphine; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Haloperidol; Kinetics; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2 | 1994 |
Intestinal glutamine and ammonia metabolism during chronic hyperammonaemia induced by liver insufficiency.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Bile Ducts; Blood Flow Velocity; Body Weight; Chronic Disease; Citrulline; Diet; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Jejunum; Ligation; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Portal System; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1993 |
Interactions of gamma-L-glutamyltaurine with excitatory aminoacidergic neurotransmission.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Cyclic GMP; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Mice; Neurons; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glutamate; Stereoisomerism; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptosomes; Taurine | 1994 |
Effects of chronic exposure to ammonia on glutamate and glutamine interconversion and compartmentation in homogeneous primary cultures of mouse astrocytes.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cells, Cultured; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Mice; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Regression Analysis; Time Factors | 1994 |
Effect of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate on glutamate uptake and glutamine synthetase activity in hypoxic astrocyte cultures.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Hypoxia; Cells, Cultured; Fructosediphosphates; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reference Values | 1994 |
Inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I by hepatocyte swelling.
Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; Amino Acids; Animals; Bucladesine; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cell Size; Digitonin; Ethers, Cyclic; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen Synthase; Hypotonic Solutions; Liver; Male; Okadaic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1994 |
Conformational analysis of carboxylate and carboxamide side-chains bound to cations.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Aspartic Acid; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mathematics; Protein Conformation; Proteins | 1994 |
The microI skeletal muscle sodium channel: mutation E403Q eliminates sensitivity to tetrodotoxin but not to mu-conotoxins GIIIA and GIIIB.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Cells, Cultured; Conotoxins; DNA; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Muscles; Mutation; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Oocytes; Peptides, Cyclic; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rats; Saxitoxin; Sodium Channels; Tetrodotoxin; Xenopus laevis | 1994 |
Three new mutations of thyroid hormone receptor-beta associated with resistance to thyroid hormone.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amino Acid Sequence; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Base Sequence; Drug Resistance; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lysine; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Point Mutation; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; Sicily; Syndrome; Thyroid Hormones | 1994 |
Redesign of the substrate specificity of human cathepsin D: the dominant role of position 287 in the S2 subsite.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Cathepsin D; Escherichia coli; Genetic Engineering; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Liver; Methionine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Pepstatins; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Folding; Recombinant Proteins; Substrate Specificity | 1994 |
Physiological elevations of glucocorticoids potentiate glutamate accumulation in the hippocampus.
Topics: Adrenalectomy; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Corticosterone; Delayed-Action Preparations; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine | 1994 |
Effects of 3-nitropropionic acid on synaptosomal energy and transmitter metabolism: relevance to neurodegenerative brain diseases.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain Diseases; Cell Death; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guanosine Diphosphate; Guanosine Triphosphate; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nitro Compounds; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Propionates; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes | 1994 |
Double-echo multislice proton spectroscopic imaging using Hadamard slice encoding.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Fourier Analysis; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Image Enhancement; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Structural; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Water | 1994 |
Short-term starvation alters the free amino acid content of the human intestinal mucosa.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Asparagine; Colon; Duodenum; Food; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Large; Male; Starvation; Threonine; Time Factors | 1994 |
Aspartate aminotransferase and glutaminase activities in rat olfactory bulb and cochlear nucleus; comparisons with retina and with concentrations of substrate and product amino acids.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspartic Acid; Cochlear Nucleus; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Isoenzymes; Malate Dehydrogenase; Olfactory Bulb; Organ Specificity; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retina | 1994 |
Glutamate in some retinal neurons is derived solely from glia.
Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Immune Sera; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Neuroglia; Rabbits; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Sensitivity and Specificity; Taurine | 1994 |
Detection of brain glutamate and glutamine in spectroscopic images at 4.1 T.
Topics: Brain; Brain Chemistry; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurotransmitter Agents; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | 1994 |
Dietary citrulline but not ornithine counteracts dietary arginine deficiency in rats by increasing splanchnic release of citrulline.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Arginine; Blood Flow Velocity; Body Weight; Citrulline; Creatinine; Diet; Food; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Ornithine; Orotic Acid; Proline; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Splanchnic Circulation; Urea | 1994 |
Site-directed mutagenesis of the catalytic base glutamic acid 400 in glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger and of tyrosine 48 and glutamine 401, both hydrogen-bonded to the gamma-carboxylate group of glutamic acid 400.
Topics: Aspergillus niger; Base Sequence; Carboxylic Acids; Catalysis; DNA Primers; Enzyme Stability; Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen Bonding; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Thermodynamics; Tyrosine | 1994 |
Effects of benzoate and hippurate on the regulation of interorgan nitrogen flow: therapeutic benefits.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Benzoates; Benzoic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippurates; Male; Mannitol; Nitrogen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1994 |
Effect of isonicotinic acid hydrazide on extracellular amino acids and convulsions in the rat: reversal of neurochemical and behavioural deficits by sodium valproate.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Extracellular Space; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Isoniazid; Kinetics; Male; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Taurine; Valproic Acid | 1994 |
Release of alpha-ketoglutarate, malate and succinate from cultured astrocytes: possible role in amino acid neurotransmitter homeostasis.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kinetics; Malates; Mice; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Potassium; Succinates; Succinic Acid | 1994 |
A mechanism of proton translocation by F1F0 ATP synthases suggested by double mutants of the a subunit.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Arginine; Base Sequence; Cattle; Consensus Sequence; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Kinetics; Macromolecular Substances; Models, Structural; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Proton-Translocating ATPases; Recombinant Proteins; Restriction Mapping; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid | 1994 |
Analysis of macromolecule resonances in 1H NMR spectra of human brain.
Topics: Adult; Creatine; Cytosol; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen; Image Enhancement; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Macromolecular Substances; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Molecular Weight; Peptides; Temporal Lobe | 1994 |
Multichannel flow-injection-analysis biosensor system for on-line monitoring of glucose, lactate, glutamine, glutamate and ammonia in animal cell culture.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Biosensing Techniques; Cells, Cultured; Flow Injection Analysis; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hybridomas; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Luminescent Measurements; Mice; Online Systems | 1994 |
Taurine, amino acid transmitters, and related molecules in the retina of the Australian lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri: a light-microscopic immunocytochemical and electron-microscopic study.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Asparagine; Fishes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia, Sensory; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Microglia; Microscopy, Electron; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nitric Oxide; Photoreceptor Cells; Retina; Taurine | 1994 |
N-methyl-D-aspartate releases gamma-aminobutyric acid from rat striatum in vivo: a microdialysis study using a novel preloading method.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Dialysis; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Infusions, Parenteral; Kinetics; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Piperazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Time Factors; Tritium | 1993 |
Cerebral cortex ammonia and glutamine metabolism in two rat models of chronic liver insufficiency-induced hyperammonemia: influence of pair-feeding.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bile Ducts; Cerebral Cortex; Chronic Disease; Eating; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Ligation; Liver Failure; Male; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1993 |
In vitro changes in platelet function and metabolism following increasing doses of ultraviolet-B irradiation.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Bicarbonates; Blood Platelets; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxanthine; Hypoxanthines; Lactates; Leukocyte Count; Osmosis; Platelet Count; Temperature; Ultraviolet Rays | 1993 |
Direct demonstration by [13C]NMR spectroscopy that glutamine from astrocytes is a precursor for GABA synthesis in neurons.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucose; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Methionine Sulfoximine; Mice; Neurons | 1993 |
Uptake of glutamate, not glutamine synthetase, regulates adaptation of mammalian cells to glutamine-free medium.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Division; Culture Media, Serum-Free; Dogs; Eukaryotic Cells; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycoproteins; Kidney; Kinetics; Mice | 1993 |
Glutamine and glutamate in ascitic fluid of dogs.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Ascites; Ascitic Fluid; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heart Failure; Hypoproteinemia; Liver Cirrhosis; Neoplasms; Peritonitis | 1993 |
Interaction between the glutamine cycle and the uptake of large neutral amino acids in astrocytes.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kynurenine; Methionine Sulfoximine; Mice; Phenylalanine | 1993 |
2-Oxoglutarate transport: a potential mechanism for regulating glutamate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in neurons.
Topics: Ammonium Sulfate; Animals; Biological Transport; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Citric Acid Cycle; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kinetics; Malates; Male; Neurons; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Synaptosomes; Veratridine | 1993 |
Evidence using in vivo microdialysis that aminotransferase activities are important in the regulation of the pools of transmitter amino acids.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Dialysis; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Neostriatum; Neurotransmitter Agents; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Transaminases | 1993 |
Glucocorticoid regulation of splanchnic glutamine, alanine, glutamate, ammonia, and glutathione fluxes.
Topics: Adrenalectomy; Alanine; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane; Cells, Cultured; DNA Probes; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Glutathione; Liposomes; Liver; Male; Proteolipids; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Regional Blood Flow; RNA, Messenger; Splanchnic Circulation; Triamcinolone | 1993 |
Effect of anoxia on excitatory amino acids in brain slices of rats and turtles: in vitro microdialysis.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Stem; Dialysis; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hypoxia; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors; Turtles | 1993 |
Redistribution of glutamate and glutamine in slices of human neocortex exposed to combined hypoxia and glucose deprivation in vitro.
Topics: Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Cortex; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypoxia; Immunohistochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Microscopy, Electron; Tissue Distribution | 1993 |
Variant of canine erythrocytes with high potassium content and lack of glutathione accumulation.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Dogs; Erythrocyte Count; Erythrocytes; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Potassium; Rubidium; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase | 1993 |
The folding and stability of rhodanese are influenced by the replacement of glutamic acid 17 in the NH2-terminal helix by proline but not by glutamine.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Enzyme Stability; Escherichia coli; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Models, Structural; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Proline; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thiosulfate Sulfurtransferase; Urea | 1993 |
Glycerol 3-phosphate and lactate as indicators of the cerebral cytoplasmic redox state in severe and mild hypoxia respectively: a 13C- and 31P-n.m.r. study.
Topics: Acetates; Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Cerebral Cortex; Cytoplasm; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycerophosphates; Hypoxia, Brain; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine | 1993 |
The plasma amino acid response to cafeteria feeding and essential-amino acid gavage in weaning rats.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Essential; Animals; Cysteine; Diet; Female; Food Services; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hydroxyproline; Methionine; Ornithine; Proline; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1993 |
Subunit-specific block of cloned NMDA receptors by argiotoxin636.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Asparagine; Cloning, Molecular; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Indoleacetic Acids; Kinetics; Macromolecular Substances; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oocytes; Phenylacetates; Polyamines; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Recombinant Proteins; Spider Venoms; Xenopus laevis | 1993 |
Metabolic fate of alanine in an insect Manduca sexta: effects of starvation and parasitism.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Larva; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Biological; Moths; Starvation | 1993 |
Splanchnic bed utilization of glutamine and glutamic acid in humans.
Topics: Adult; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Leucine; Male; Splanchnic Circulation | 1993 |
Mutation of glutamate 309 to glutamine alters one Ca(2+)-binding site in the Ca(2+)-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum expressed in Sf9 cells.
Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Calcium; Calcium-Transporting ATPases; Cells, Cultured; Cloning, Molecular; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Moths; Mutation; Phosphorylation; Rabbits; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | 1993 |
15N n.m.r. measurement of the in vivo rate of glutamine synthesis and utilization at steady state in the brain of the hyperammonaemic rat.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Nitrogen Isotopes; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1993 |
"In vivo" glutamic acid metabolism in late pregnant rats.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Blood Proteins; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Liver; Muscles; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Starvation | 1993 |
Effect of L-carnitine on cerebral and hepatic energy metabolites in congenitally hyperammonemic sparse-fur mice and its role during benzoate therapy.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Ammonia; Animals; Benzoates; Benzoic Acid; Body Weight; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carnitine; Coenzyme A; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Energy Metabolism; Genetic Linkage; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hair Diseases; Ketoglutaric Acids; Lactates; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Mutant Strains; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Pyruvates; Time Factors; Urea | 1993 |
Age-dependent changes in some aspects of glutamate metabolism in the brain of the teleost, Channa punctatus. I. Ammonia and glutamine contents and glutamate dehydrogenase activity.
Topics: Aging; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Fishes; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male | 1993 |
Role of NH2-terminal positively charged residues in establishing membrane protein topology.
Topics: Amidohydrolases; Amino Acid Sequence; Arginine; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Electrochemistry; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HN Protein; Immunosorbent Techniques; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Paramyxoviridae; Peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) Asparagine Amidase; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Signal Transduction; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1993 |
Metabolism of [U-13C]glutamate in astrocytes studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy: incorporation of more label into lactate than into glutamine demonstrates the importance of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon Isotopes; Cells, Cultured; Citric Acid Cycle; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 1993 |
Time-related loss of glutamine from hippocampal slices and concomitant changes in neurotransmitter amino acids.
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Amino Acids; Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neurotransmitter Agents; Osmolar Concentration; Tetrodotoxin; Time Factors | 1993 |
Substitution of glutamine for glutamic acid-58 in Escherichia coli thymidylate synthase results in pronounced decreases in catalytic activity and ligand binding.
Topics: Binding Sites; Catalysis; Escherichia coli; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Ligands; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Thymidylate Synthase | 1993 |
Conversion of glutamic acid 192 to glutamine in activated protein C changes the substrate specificity and increases reactivity toward macromolecular inhibitors.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Cattle; DNA; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Activation; Factor Va; Factor X; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Protein C; Prothrombin; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Thrombin; Recombinant Proteins; Substrate Specificity; Thrombin | 1993 |
A glutamatergic mechanism for aluminum toxicity in astrocytes.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Rats | 1993 |
Co-overexpression of bacterial GroESL chaperonins partly overcomes non-productive folding and tetramer assembly of E. coli-expressed human medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) carrying the prevalent disease-causing K304E mutation.
Topics: Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase; Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Chaperonins; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lysine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Plasmids; Protein Folding; Proteins | 1993 |
Immunocytochemistry of amino-acids in the rodent pituitary using extremely specific, very high titre antisera.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Antibody Specificity; Astrocytes; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Immune Sera; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mice; Pituitary Gland; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Taurine; Tissue Distribution | 1993 |
A survey of a functional amino acid of class C beta-lactamase corresponding to Glu166 of class A beta-lactamases.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; beta-Lactamases; DNA Primers; Escherichia coli; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lysine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid | 1993 |
Amino acid flux across the gastrointestinal tract and liver of calves.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aorta; Arteries; Cattle; Digestive System; Erythrocytes; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Veins; Liver; Male; Peptides; Portal Vein | 1993 |
Role of ornithine as a proline precursor in healing wounds.
Topics: Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Binding, Competitive; Cells, Cultured; Collagen; Fibroblasts; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydroxyproline; Male; Ornithine; Proline; Rats; Wound Healing | 1993 |
Elective abdominal operations alter the free amino acid content of the human intestinal mucosa.
Topics: Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Cholecystectomy; Colon; Duodenum; Elective Surgical Procedures; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Middle Aged; Postoperative Period | 1995 |
Exogenous glutamate concentration regulates the metabolic fate of glutamate in astrocytes.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Biological Transport; Cell Compartmentation; Cells, Cultured; Citric Acid Cycle; Culture Media, Conditioned; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats | 1996 |
Effect of metal-ligand mutations on phosphoryl transfer reactions catalyzed by Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Aminobutyrates; Base Sequence; DNA, Bacterial; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Escherichia coli; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Ligands; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Manganese; Metals; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Phosphorylation | 1995 |
Brain uptake and metabolism of [1-11C]octanoate in rats: pharmacokinetic basis for its application as a radiopharmaceutical for studying brain fatty acid metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Biotransformation; Brain; Caprylates; Carbon Radioisotopes; Fatty Acids; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Male; Radionuclide Imaging; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution | 1995 |
The role of glutaminase in Rhizobium etli: studies with a new mutant.
Topics: Fabaceae; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Mutation; Nitrogen; Phenotype; Plants, Medicinal; Rhizobium; Symbiosis | 1995 |
Changes in cerebellar amino acid neurotransmitter concentrations and receptors following administration of the neurotoxin L-2-chloropropionic acid.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Autoradiography; Binding Sites; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Male; Neurotoxins; Neurotransmitter Agents; Propionates; Prosencephalon; Rats; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Stereoisomerism; Synaptic Transmission; Taurine | 1996 |
Determination of glutamine and glutamic acid in mammalian cell cultures using tetrathiafulvalene modified enzyme electrodes.
Topics: Animals; Biosensing Techniques; Cells, Cultured; Chlorocebus aethiops; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heterocyclic Compounds | 1996 |
Synthesis and characterization of a monomeric mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase with partially reconstituted enzymic activity.
Topics: Binding Sites; Chromatography, Gel; Copper; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Enzyme Activation; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Weight; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Point Mutation; Protein Conformation; Superoxide Dismutase; Zinc | 1995 |
Changes in intracellular concentration of amino acids in human saphenous vein during preparation for coronary artery bypass grafting.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Asparagine; Biological Transport; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coronary Artery Bypass; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Intracellular Fluid; Saphenous Vein; Taurine | 1995 |
Interhelical salt bridges, coiled-coil stability, and specificity of dimerization.
Topics: DNA-Binding Proteins; Fungal Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Leucine Zippers; Lysine; Protein Conformation; Protein Folding; Protein Kinases; Protein Structure, Secondary; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Thermodynamics | 1996 |
Interaction of substrate uridyl 3',5'-adenosine with ribonuclease A: a molecular dynamics study.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Cattle; Dinucleoside Phosphates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Kinetics; Lysine; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Protein Conformation; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic | 1995 |
Enhanced pathologic properties of Dutch-type mutant amyloid beta-protein.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloidosis; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Meninges; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Netherlands; Peptide Fragments; Point Mutation | 1996 |
Glu-416 of beta-galactosidase (Escherichia coli) is a Mg2+ ligand and beta-galactosidases with substitutions for Glu-416 are inactivated, rather than activated, by MG2+.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; beta-Galactosidase; Binding Sites; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Ligands; Magnesium; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Recombinant Proteins; Valine | 1996 |
Quantitative changes of amino acid distributions in the rat vestibular nuclear complex after unilateral vestibular ganglionectomy.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Behavior, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglionectomy; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Nerve Degeneration; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine; Vestibular Nuclei | 1996 |
Inhibition of cerebral neurogenic vasodilation by L-glutamine and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and its reversal by L-citrulline.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Cerebral Arteries; Citrulline; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitroarginine; Swine; Vasodilation | 1996 |
In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the normal aging human brain.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Body Water; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Protons | 1996 |
Response of LLC-PK1-F+ cells to metabolic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Bicarbonates; Biological Transport; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; LLC-PK1 Cells; Models, Biological; Swine | 1996 |
Glutamic acid residue 98 is critical for catalysis in pig kidney fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Fructose-Bisphosphatase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kidney; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Point Mutation; Recombinant Proteins; Swine | 1996 |
Calcification of pericardial tissue pretreated with different amino acids.
Topics: Amino Acids; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Arginine; Bioprosthesis; Calcinosis; Calcium; Cardiomyopathies; Cattle; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutaral; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Lysine; Pericardium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1996 |
Modulation of the thermosensing profile of the Escherichia coli aspartate receptor tar by covalent modification of its methyl-accepting sites.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Cell Movement; Chemoreceptor Cells; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hot Temperature; Membrane Proteins; Methyl-Accepting Chemotaxis Proteins; Methylation; Receptors, Cell Surface; Signal Transduction; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1996 |
Point mutations characterize KEL10, the KEL3, KEL4, and KEL21 alleles, and the KEL17 and KEL11 alleles.
Topics: Alanine; Alleles; Amino Acid Sequence; Arginine; Base Sequence; Codon; DNA; Exons; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kell Blood-Group System; Molecular Sequence Data; Point Mutation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tryptophan; Valine | 1996 |
Postnatal developmental expression of glutamine and related amino acids in the rat retinas.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retina | 1996 |
Salmonella typhimurium apparently perceives external nitrogen limitation as internal glutamine limitation.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mutation; Nitrogen; Nucleotidyltransferases; PII Nitrogen Regulatory Proteins; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Salmonella typhimurium | 1996 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Huntington's disease: evidence in favour of the glutamate excitotoxic theory.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Genetic Carrier Screening; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Huntington Disease; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Nerve Degeneration; Reference Values; Synaptic Transmission | 1996 |
Increase in ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of rat T lymphocyte alloantigen RT6.1 by a single amino acid mutation.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; ADP Ribose Transferases; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; Base Sequence; DNA Primers; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histocompatibility Antigens; Membrane Glycoproteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Point Mutation; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; Rats; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; T-Lymphocytes | 1996 |
Functional site in alpha-lactalbumin encompasses a region corresponding to a subsite in lysozyme and parts of two adjacent flexible substructures.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Conserved Sequence; DNA Primers; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Isoleucine; Kinetics; Lactalbumin; Leucine; Models, Molecular; Muramidase; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Point Mutation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Valine | 1996 |
Immunocytochemical evidence that glutamate is a neurotransmitter in the cochlear nerve: a quantitative study in the guinea-pig anteroventral cochlear nucleus.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Antibodies; Brain Stem; Cochlear Nerve; Excitatory Amino Acids; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Immunohistochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Immunoelectron; Nerve Fibers; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Synapses | 1996 |
Prevention of diabetes in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat by the glutamine antimetabolite acivicin.
Topics: Animals; Blood Cell Count; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ionomycin; Isoxazoles; Lymphocyte Subsets; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred BB; Spleen; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate | 1996 |
Charge-affected transperitoneal movement of amino acids in CAPD.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascitic Fluid; Capillary Permeability; Creatinine; Dialysis Solutions; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Lysine; Male; Membrane Potentials; Middle Aged; Peritoneum | 1996 |
Glutamate metabolic pathways in displaced ganglion cells of the chicken retina.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cell Size; Chickens; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Immunohistochemistry; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Tissue Fixation | 1996 |
T1 and T2 relaxation times of the major 1H-containing metabolites in rat brain after focal ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Rats | 1995 |
Possible role of nitric oxide in the development of L-2-chloropropionic acid-induced cerebellar granule cell necrosis.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; In Vitro Techniques; Indazoles; Male; Necrosis; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitroarginine; Ornithine; Propionates; Rats | 1996 |
Changes in the intracellular free amino acid pool in human saphenous vein tissue culture.
Topics: Aged; Alanine; Amino Acids; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Culture Techniques; Cytosol; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Middle Aged; Proline; Saphenous Vein; Serine; Taurine | 1996 |
Therapeutic use of carbamylglutamate in the case of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase deficiency.
Topics: Ammonia; Arginine; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia); Child, Preschool; Citrulline; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male | 1996 |
Potentiation by K+ of anoxic release of newly synthesized neuronal glutamate.
Topics: Animals; Cell Death; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoxia; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Mice; Neurons; Potassium | 1995 |
Glutamine metabolism in AS-30D hepatoma cells. Evidence for its conversion into lipids via reductive carboxylation.
Topics: Animals; Carboxylic Acids; Citric Acid Cycle; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Lipid Metabolism; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1995 |
Inter-relationships between glutamine and other biochemical and immunological changes after major vascular surgery.
Topics: Aged; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Stress, Physiological; Vascular Surgical Procedures | 1996 |
Inhibitory effect of MS-153 on elevated brain glutamate level induced by rat middle cerebral artery occlusion.
Topics: Animals; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Brain; Cerebral Arteries; Cerebral Infarction; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Nicotinic Acids; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1996 |
Amino-acid-dependent modulation of amino acid transport in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems; Amino Acids; Animals; Arginine; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Oocytes; Phenylalanine; Serine; Sodium; Xenopus laevis | 1996 |
Spectroscopic imaging of human brain glutamate by water-suppressed J-refocused coherence transfer at 4.1 T.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Body Water; Brain; Carbon; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Energy Transfer; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Chemical; Phantoms, Imaging; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | 1996 |
A glutamate/glutamine/aspartate/asparagine transport operon in Rhodobacter capsulatus.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Transport Systems; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Chromosome Mapping; Cloning, Molecular; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Operon; Rhodobacter capsulatus; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid | 1996 |
Catalytic and EPR studies of the beta E204Q mutant of the chloroplast F1-ATPase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; Chloroplasts; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Point Mutation; Protein Conformation; Proton-Translocating ATPases; Recombinant Proteins; Restriction Mapping | 1996 |
Amino acid signatures in the primate retina.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Immunohistochemistry; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Pattern Recognition, Automated; Peptide Mapping; Photoreceptor Cells; Protein Precursors; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Taurine | 1996 |
Glucose and glutamine metabolism in C6 glioma cells studied by carbon 13 NMR.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Division; Culture Media; Glioma; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1996 |
Gamma-glutamyl peptides and related amino acids in rat hippocampus in vitro: effect of depolarization and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibition.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cysteine; Dipeptides; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hippocampus; Isoxazoles; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1996 |
Changes in dietary protein intake fail to prevent decrease in muscle growth induced by severe hypoxia in rats.
Topics: Altitude; Animals; Body Weight; Diet; Dietary Proteins; Eating; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histocytochemistry; Hypoxia; Liver Glycogen; Male; Muscle Development; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Organ Size; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1996 |
Direct immunocytochemical evidence for the transfer of glutamine from glial cells to neurons: use of specific antibodies directed against the d-stereoisomers of glutamate and glutamine.
Topics: Animals; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Neuroglia; Rabbits; Retina | 1996 |
Patterns of nutrient interchange and oxygen use among portal-drained viscera, liver, and hindquarters of beef steers from 235 to 525 kg body weight.
Topics: Acetates; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Diet; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydroxybutyrates; Lactates; Liver; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Nitrogen; Oxygen Consumption; Propionates; Regional Blood Flow; Viscera | 1996 |
Dietary glutamine supplementation prevents jejunal atrophy in weaned pigs.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Atrophy; Diet; Disease Models, Animal; Duodenum; Epithelium; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intestinal Diseases; Jejunum; Male; Stomach; Swine; Swine Diseases; Taurine; Weaning | 1996 |
Arterial-jugular vein free amino acid levels in patients with head injuries: important role of glutamine in cerebral nitrogen metabolism.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amino Acids; Brain; Brain Injuries; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Jugular Veins; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrogen; Pulmonary Artery; Radial Artery | 1996 |
Portacaval anastomosis results in altered neuron--astrocytic metabolic trafficking of amino acids: evidence from 13C-NMR studies.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon Isotopes; Carboxylic Acids; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Biological; Neurons; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reference Values | 1996 |
Correlation of in vivo nitric oxide and cGMP with glutamate/glutamine metabolism in the rat striatum.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Cyclic GMP; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Microdialysis; Nitric Oxide; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1996 |
Glutamate, glutamine and glutamine synthetase in the neonatal rat brain following hypoxia.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Hypoxia; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 1996 |
Neurotransmitter amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Aged; Amino Acids; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Parkinson Disease | 1996 |
1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopic observation of cultured malignant cells pharmacologically induced to different phenotypes.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Butyrates; Butyric Acid; Choline; Creatine; Dexamethasone; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Humans; Hydrogen; Interferon-gamma; Lactates; Lung Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phenotype; Phospholipids; Phosphorylcholine; Triglycerides; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1996 |
Glutamate and vasopressin interact to control scent marking in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus).
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aggression; Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Behavior, Animal; Cricetinae; Drug Interactions; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mesocricetus; Microinjections; Propranolol; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Smell | 1996 |
In vivo elevation of extracellular potassium in the rat amygdala increases extracellular glutamate and aspartate and damages neurons.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Edema; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Kinetics; Male; Microdialysis; Neurons; Potassium; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Serine; Taurine | 1996 |
Insulin treatment can abolish changes in glucose and glutamine metabolism of lymphocytes and macrophages caused by the implantation of the Walker 256 tumour.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Carbon Radioisotopes; Carcinoma 256, Walker; Glucose Transporter Type 1; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Lactic Acid; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Male; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; Neoplasm Transplantation; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1996 |
3-[(Phenylacetyl)amino]-2,6-piperidinedione hydrolysis studies with improved synthesis and characterization of hydrolysates.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Benzeneacetamides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrolysis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Piperidones; Reference Standards | 1996 |
Monitoring of asparaginase activity and asparagine levels in children on different asparaginase preparations.
Topics: Adolescent; Antineoplastic Agents; Asparaginase; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Child; Child, Preschool; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma | 1996 |
Broadband decoupled, 1H-localized 13C MRS of the human brain at 4 Tesla.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 1996 |
Glutamate transport in Rhodobacter sphaeroides is mediated by a novel binding protein-dependent secondary transport system.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Binding, Competitive; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ionophores; Kinetics; Mutation; Nigericin; Rhodobacter sphaeroides; Sodium; Valinomycin; Vanadates | 1996 |
Regulation of GABA level in rat brain synaptosomes: fluxes through enzymes of the GABA shunt and effects of glutamate, calcium, and ketone bodies.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Brain; Calcium; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketone Bodies; Male; Phosphates; Protons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes | 1996 |
Hyperammonemia-induced depletion of glutamate and branched-chain amino acids in muscle and plasma.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Ammonia; Animals; Blood Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insulin; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1996 |
An in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of schizophrenia patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology | 1996 |
New insights into the compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine in cultured rat brain astrocytes.
Topics: Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Cells, Cultured; Enzymes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Tissue Distribution | 1996 |
[1-13C]glucose metabolism in brain cells: isotopomer analysis of glutamine from cerebellar astrocytes and glutamate from granule cells.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon Isotopes; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Citric Acid Cycle; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Models, Biological; Neurons; Rats | 1996 |
Mass isotopomer study of glutamine oxidation and synthesis in primary culture of astrocytes.
Topics: Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Citric Acid Cycle; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Oxidation-Reduction | 1996 |
Substrate binding mechanism of Glu180-->Gln, Asp176-->Asn, and wild-type glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger.
Topics: Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Aspergillus niger; Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Models, Chemical; Point Mutation; Protein Binding; Thermodynamics | 1996 |
Glutamate transport modulation of paracellular permeability across LLC-PK1-F+ monolayers.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cell Membrane Permeability; Epithelium; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isoxazoles; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Kinetics; LLC-PK1 Cells; Models, Biological; Rabbits; Swine | 1996 |
Conservation of amino acids in multiple alignments: aspartic acid has unexpected conservation.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Conserved Sequence; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Proteins; Sequence Alignment | 1996 |
[Charge selectivity of peritoneal transport in CAPD patients under stable states and during peritonitis].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amino Acids; Biological Transport; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Lysine; Male; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Peritoneum; Peritonitis | 1996 |
Noninvasive probing of citric acid cycle intermediates in primate liver with phenylacetylglutamine.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kidney; Lactic Acid; Liver; Macaca mulatta; Muscles; Phenylacetates | 1996 |
Nitric oxide enhances amino acid release from immature chick embryo retina.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Chick Embryo; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Enzyme Inhibitors; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemoglobins; Nitric Oxide; Nitroprusside; Penicillamine; Receptors, Glutamate; Retina; S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine | 1996 |
Different preferences in the utilization of amino acids for glutathione synthesis in cultured neurons and astroglial cells derived from rat brain.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Cysteine; Cystine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1996 |
Glutamine, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production.
Topics: Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Cytokines; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-6; Leucine; Lymphocytes; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 1996 |
Electrostatic interaction between two domains of isocitrate dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus is important for the catalytic function and protein stability.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Catalysis; Electrochemistry; Enzyme Stability; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hot Temperature; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Lysine; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Thermus thermophilus | 1996 |
Effect of dietary L-glutamine on the hepatotoxic action of D-galactosamine in rats.
Topics: Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Diet; Galactosamine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Diseases; Male; Neomycin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stereoisomerism | 1996 |
Influence of acidic residues and the kink in the active-site helix on the properties of the disulfide oxidoreductase DsbA.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Disulfides; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ions; Isomerases; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Osmolar Concentration; Point Mutation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Disulfide-Isomerases; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Sequence Deletion; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Thermodynamics | 1997 |
Oxygen activation by cytochrome P450BM-3: effects of mutating an active site acidic residue.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Enzyme Activation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydroxylation; Laurates; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Myristates; NAD; NADP; NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Palmitates; Protein Structure, Secondary; Substrate Specificity | 1997 |
Neurochemical changes in cerebellum of goldfish exposed to various temperatures.
Topics: Acclimatization; Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine; Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebellum; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Goldfish; Kinetics; Potassium; Serine; Taurine; Temperature | 1997 |
Allosteric modulation of the activity of thrombin.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; Amino Acid Sequence; Chromogenic Compounds; Dipeptides; Enzyme Activation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hirudins; Kinetics; Mutation; Peptide Fragments; Receptors, Thrombin; Substrate Specificity; Thrombin | 1997 |
Isolation and characterization of Rhizobium etli mutants altered in degradation of asparagine.
Topics: Asparaginase; Asparagine; Aspartate Ammonia-Lyase; Aspartic Acid; Cloning, Molecular; Enzyme Stability; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Complementation Test; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isoenzymes; Mutation; Nitrogenase; Rhizobium; Temperature | 1997 |
Aspects of glutamine metabolism in human tumour cells.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cell Division; Culture Media; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Phosphates; Purines; Pyrimidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Thymidine; Tritium; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1997 |
Detection of glutamate/glutamine resonances by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 0.5 tesla.
Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Brain; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Phantoms, Imaging; Protons; Sensitivity and Specificity | 1997 |
Amino acid concentrations in hypothalamic and caudate nuclei during microwave-induced thermal stress: analysis by microdialysis.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Body Temperature; Caudate Nucleus; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electromagnetic Fields; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hot Temperature; Hypothalamus; Male; Microdialysis; Microwaves; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serine; Skin Temperature; Stress, Physiological; Time Factors | 1997 |
Regulation of cellular thiols in human lymphocytes by alpha-lipoic acid: a flow cytometric analysis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Caprylates; Cell Size; DNA; Flow Cytometry; Fluorescence; Fluorescent Dyes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Jurkat Cells; Kinetics; Lymphocytes; Male; Sulfhydryl Compounds; T-Lymphocytes; Thioctic Acid | 1997 |
Increased production of extracellular glutamate by the mitochondrial glutaminase following neuronal death.
Topics: 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate; Animals; Cell Compartmentation; Cell Death; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Culture Techniques; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Mice; Mitochondria; Models, Biological; N-Methylaspartate; Neuroglia; Neurons | 1997 |
In vivo 13C NMR measurements of cerebral glutamine synthesis as evidence for glutamate-glutamine cycling.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; Glucose; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Chemical; Models, Theoretical; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1997 |
Glutamine or glutamate release by the liver constitutes a major mechanism for nitrogen salvage.
Topics: Absorption; Animals; Carbon; Eating; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Liver; Male; Nitrogen; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Viscera | 1997 |
Glial and neuronal glutamine pools at glutamatergic synapses with distinct properties.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Specificity; Axons; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Lampreys; Microscopy, Immunoelectron; Mitochondria; Neuroglia; Neurons; Spinal Cord; Synapses | 1997 |
Differential effect of glucose deprivation on MAPK activation in drug sensitive human breast carcinoma MCF-7 and multidrug resistant MCF-7/ADR cells.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; Cell Line; Doxorubicin; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Enzyme Activation; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; Protein Kinase C; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; ras Proteins; Signal Transduction; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1997 |
Effects of valproate on amino acid and monoamine concentrations in striatum of audiogenic seizure-prone Balb/c mice.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Amino Acids; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Biogenic Monoamines; Corpus Striatum; Disease Susceptibility; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Homovanillic Acid; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Mesencephalon; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Seizures; Serotonin; Species Specificity; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; Valproic Acid | 1996 |
Neurochemical studies with the novel anticonvulsant levetiracetam in mouse brain.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Drug Administration Schedule; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Levetiracetam; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Piracetam | 1997 |
Neuronal and glial handling of glutamate and glutamine during hypoosmotic stress: a biochemical and quantitative immunocytochemical analysis using the rat cerebellum as a model.
Topics: Animals; Cerebellum; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Neuroglia; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stress, Physiological | 1996 |
Role of the Gln/Glu residues of trichocellins A-II/B-II in ion-channel formation in lipid membranes and catecholamine secretion from chromaffin cells.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Catecholamines; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Chromaffin Cells; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ion Channels; Lipid Bilayers; Peptaibols; Peptides | 1997 |
Frontotemporal dementia and early Alzheimer disease: differentiation with frontal lobe H-1 MR spectroscopy.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Aspartic Acid; Dementia; Discriminant Analysis; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen; Inositol; Lactates; Linear Models; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Degeneration; Neuroglia; Neurons; Parietal Lobe; Protons; Sensitivity and Specificity; Temporal Lobe | 1997 |
Inhibition of glutamate uptake causes an acute increase in aqueous humor protein.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aqueous Humor; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane Permeability; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Eye Proteins; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Rabbits | 1997 |
Glutamine utilization by rat neutrophils.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Neutrophils; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1997 |
Kinetic analysis of a mutational hot spot in the EcoRV restriction endonuclease.
Topics: Binding Sites; Calcium; Cations, Divalent; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; DNA; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Leucine; Lysine; Magnesium; Mutagenesis; Protein Conformation; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1997 |
Neurochemical actions of the desglycinyl metabolite of remacemide hydrochloride (ARL 12495AA) in mouse brain.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Phenethylamines; Stereoisomerism | 1997 |
Effects of ketone bodies on astrocyte amino acid metabolism.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetoacetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Citric Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydroxybutyrates; Ketone Bodies; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sheep | 1997 |
A single amino acid can switch the oligomerization state of the alpha-helical coiled-coil domain of cartilage matrix protein.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Arginine; Cartilage; Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein; Chickens; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycoproteins; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ions; Matrilin Proteins; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary | 1997 |
Effect of polar side chains at position 172 on thermal stability of 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus.
Topics: 3-Isopropylmalate Dehydrogenase; Alanine; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Asparagine; Enzyme Stability; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heating; Molecular Structure; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Conformation; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thermus thermophilus | 1997 |
Increased red cell glutamine availability in sickle cell anemia: demonstration of increased active transport, affinity, and increased glutamate level in intact red cells.
Topics: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Biological Transport, Active; Erythrocytes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; NAD | 1997 |
Catalytic activities and structural properties of horseradish peroxidase distal His42 --> Glu or Gln mutant.
Topics: Catalysis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Horseradish Peroxidase; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Structure-Activity Relationship; Styrenes; Sulfides | 1997 |
Trapping and characterization of the reaction intermediate in cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase by use of activated substrates and a mutant enzyme.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacillus; Binding Sites; Enzyme Activation; Fluorides; Glucosyltransferases; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Peptides; Substrate Specificity | 1997 |
Effect of alpha-ketoisocaproate and leucine on the in vivo oxidation of glutamate and glutamine in the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Caproates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Keto Acids; Leucine; Male; Maple Syrup Urine Disease; Microdialysis; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats | 1997 |
Glutamine homologues and derivatives: a limiting factor in current artificial nutrition?
Topics: Arginine; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Oxaloacetates; Parenteral Nutrition, Total | 1997 |
Endogenous glutamate levels regulate nerve growth factor mRNA expression in the rat dentate gyrus.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Astrocytes; Citrates; Dentate Gyrus; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Situ Hybridization; Microdialysis; Nerve Growth Factors; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Synaptic Transmission | 1997 |
Role of the distal hinge region of C1-inhibitor in the regulation of C1s activity.
Topics: Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins; Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein; Complement C1s; Computer Simulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Molecular; Peptides; Protein Binding; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1997 |
Regulation of glutamine synthetase in human breast carcinoma cells and experimental tumors.
Topics: Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Division; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Mice; Mice, Nude; Protein Biosynthesis; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic; Transplantation, Heterologous; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1997 |
Effect of a glutamine-enriched diet on small bowel allograft during immunosuppressive therapy.
Topics: Aging; Alanine; Alkaline Phosphatase; Ammonia; Animals; Body Weight; Bromodeoxyuridine; Cell Division; Diet; Epithelial Cells; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Male; Microvilli; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Inbred BN; Rats, Inbred Lew; Tacrolimus; Time Factors; Transplantation, Homologous | 1997 |
Metabolism of acetate in rat brain neurons, astrocytes and cocultures: metabolic interactions between neurons and glia cells, monitored by NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunoblotting; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuroglia; Neurons; Phosphorus Isotopes; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tritium | 1997 |
Contribution of glial metabolism to neuronal damage caused by partial inhibition of energy metabolism in retina.
Topics: Animals; Chick Embryo; Citrates; Dizocilpine Maleate; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; In Vitro Techniques; Iodoacetates; Neuroglia; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Retina | 1997 |
Glutamine biosensors for biotechnology applications, with suppression of the endogenous glutamate signal.
Topics: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Biosensing Techniques; Catalase; Enzymes, Immobilized; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine | 1997 |
Sorting determinants in the transmembrane domain of p24 proteins.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antigens, CD; CD8 Antigens; Coatomer Protein; Conserved Sequence; COS Cells; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Golgi Apparatus; Humans; Kinetics; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Receptors, Cell Surface; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Transfection | 1997 |
Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotizing toxin induces reorganization of actin stress fibers through deamidation of Gln-63 of the GTP-binding protein Rho.
Topics: Actins; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Bacterial Toxins; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Cell Line; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; GTP-Binding Proteins; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Guanosine Triphosphate; Kinetics; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Recombinant Proteins; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein; Sequence Alignment; Transfection; Transglutaminases; Virulence Factors, Bordetella | 1997 |
Soluble and membrane-bound forms of phosphate-activated glutaminase with different kinetic characteristics in pig and rat kidney mitochondria.
Topics: Animals; Cytosol; Detergents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ethylmaleimide; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunoblotting; Kidney; Kinetics; Mitochondria; Octoxynol; Phosphates; Polyethylene Glycols; Rats; Swine | 1997 |
Measurement of glutamate and glutamine in the medial prefrontal cortex of never-treated schizophrenic patients and healthy controls by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Educational Status; Female; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Protons; Schizophrenia; Sex Factors; Tomography, Emission-Computed | 1997 |
Effect of gravity changes on the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
Topics: Acceleration; Adaptation, Physiological; Cyanobacteria; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gravity Sensing; Heat-Shock Proteins; Hot Temperature; Hypergravity; Light; Oxidoreductases; Rotation; Sodium Chloride; Weightlessness Simulation | 1997 |
Evaluation of the role of specific acidic amino acid residues in electron transfer between the flavodoxin and cytochrome c3 from Desulfovibrio vulgaris.
Topics: Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Cytochrome c Group; Desulfovibrio vulgaris; Electrochemistry; Electron Transport; Flavodoxin; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Osmolar Concentration | 1997 |
Effects of 4-aminopyridine on extracellular concentrations of glutamate in striatum of the freely moving rat.
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Microdialysis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Wakefulness | 1997 |
Intracerebral microdialysis study of glutamate reuptake in awake, behaving rats.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aspartic Acid; Behavior, Animal; Carbon Radioisotopes; Consciousness; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homovanillic Acid; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Male; Mannitol; Microdialysis; Norepinephrine; Parietal Lobe; Phentolamine; Phenylephrine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sympatholytics; Sympathomimetics; Synaptic Transmission; Tritium | 1997 |
Molecular cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a gene coding for bovine S100A1 protein and its Glu32-->Gln and Glu73-->Gln mutants.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cattle; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cloning, Molecular; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Macromolecular Substances; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Recombinant Proteins; S100 Proteins; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 1997 |
Ketone bodies activate gluconeogenesis in isolated rabbit renal cortical tubules incubated in the presence of amino acids and glycerol.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycerol; In Vitro Techniques; Ketone Bodies; Kidney Cortex; Kidney Tubules; Lactic Acid; Male; Rabbits | 1997 |
Purification and properties of two isozymes of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase from Bacillus subtilis TAM-4.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacillus subtilis; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Stability; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrolysis; Isoenzymes; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Substrate Specificity | 1997 |
Glutamate residues located within putative transmembrane helices are essential for TetA(P)-mediated tetracycline efflux.
Topics: Antiporters; Aspartic Acid; Bacterial Proteins; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane; Escherichia coli; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunoblotting; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Plasmids; RNA, Bacterial; Tetracycline; Tetracycline Resistance | 1997 |
Role of pyruvate carboxylase in facilitation of synthesis of glutamate and glutamine in cultured astrocytes.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon Dioxide; Cells, Cultured; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1997 |
An in vitro 1H-MRS model of oncogene transfection. The spectral feature of c-erbB-2 and c-Ha-ras transfected NIH3T3 fibroblast cells.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Choline; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genes, erbB-2; Genes, ras; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Membrane Lipids; Mice; Oncogenes; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphorylcholine; Spectrum Analysis; Transfection; Viscosity | 1997 |
Association between genetic polymorphisms of the beta2-adrenoceptor and response to albuterol in children with and without a history of wheezing.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Alleles; Arginine; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Child; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Linkage Disequilibrium; Longitudinal Studies; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Respiratory Sounds | 1997 |
The PsaD subunit of photosystem I. Mutations in the basic domain reduce the level of PsaD in the membranes.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; DNA Primers; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Lysine; Macromolecular Substances; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Photosystem I Protein Complex; Plant Proteins; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Structure, Secondary; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid | 1997 |
Quantification of circulating peptides and assessment of peptide uptake across the gastrointestinal tract of sheep.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Chromatography, Gel; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Peptides; Sheep; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization | 1997 |
Lubeluzole blocks increases in extracellular glutamate and taurine in the peri-infarct zone in rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cerebral Infarction; Cortical Spreading Depression; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heart Rate; Male; Neocortex; Neuroprotective Agents; Piperidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Taurine; Thiazoles | 1997 |
GM-CSF affects hypothalamic neurotransmitter levels in mice: involvement of interleukin-1.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Hypothalamus; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Interleukin-1; Male; Mice; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Recombinant Proteins; Serotonin; Sialoglycoproteins | 1997 |
Varying degradation rates of total nonstructural carbohydrates: effects on nutrient uptake and utilization by the mammary gland in high producing Holstein cows.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cattle; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Proteins; Digestion; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Lactation; Mammary Glands, Animal; Milk Proteins; Rumen | 1997 |
Insight into signal transduction: structural alterations in transmembrane helices probed by multi-1 ns molecular dynamics simulations.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Aspartic Acid; Computer Simulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis; Peptides; Protein Conformation; Receptor, ErbB-2; Signal Transduction | 1997 |
Production and utilization of amino acids by ovine placenta in vivo.
Topics: Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Animals; Biological Transport; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Oxygen Consumption; Placenta; Pregnancy; Regional Blood Flow; Serine; Sheep; Uterus | 1998 |
Neurotransmitters in cerebrospinal fluid reflect pathological activity.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Blood-Brain Barrier; Central Nervous System Diseases; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Serine; Taurine | 1997 |
Plasma amino acid concentrations in elderly patients with protein energy malnutrition.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alanine; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Amino Acids, Essential; Body Height; Body Weight; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Protein-Energy Malnutrition | 1997 |
Calcium binding to the first EGF-like module of human factor IX in a recombinant fragment containing residues 1-85. Mutations V46E and Q50E each manifest a negligible increase in calcium affinity.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Calcium; Cell Line; Epidermal Growth Factor; Factor IX; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Spodoptera; Valine | 1998 |
Glucose deprivation-induced cytotoxicity and alterations in mitogen-activated protein kinase activation are mediated by oxidative stress in multidrug-resistant human breast carcinoma cells.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Cell Death; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Enzyme Activation; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Glutathione Disulfide; Humans; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; Oxidative Stress; Signal Transduction; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1998 |
Brain lactate by magnetic resonance spectroscopy during fulminant hepatic failure in the dog.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Brain; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Feasibility Studies; Galactosamine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Intracranial Hypertension; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Time Factors | 1998 |
Identifying Lys359 as a critical residue for the ATP-dependent reactions of Drosophila DNA topoisomerase II.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; DNA; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II; DNA, Circular; Drosophila; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Lysine; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Point Mutation; Protein Conformation; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Substrate Specificity | 1998 |
Influence of polymorphism Q3405E and mutation A3371V in the apolipoprotein B gene on LDL receptor binding.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Apolipoproteins B; DNA; DNA Mutational Analysis; Family; Family Health; Female; Gene Frequency; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Haplotypes; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Leucine; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Middle Aged; Point Mutation; Polymorphism, Genetic; Protein Binding; Receptors, LDL; Valine | 1998 |
Proton MR spectroscopy in Lesch-Nyhan disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Child; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Protons | 1998 |
Glutamine transport by the blood-brain barrier: a possible mechanism for nitrogen removal.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cattle; Cell Membrane; Endothelium, Vascular; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Nitrogen; Sodium | 1998 |
A new multiple quantum filter design procedure for use on strongly coupled spin systems found in vivo: its application to glutamate.
Topics: Brain; Brain Chemistry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phantoms, Imaging; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Time Factors | 1998 |
Involvement of glutamic acid 278 in the redox reaction of the cytochrome c oxidase from Paracoccus denitrificans investigated by FTIR spectroscopy.
Topics: Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Deuterium Oxide; Electron Transport Complex IV; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oxidation-Reduction; Paracoccus denitrificans; Serine; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared | 1998 |
Spectroscopic evidence for interaction between transmembrane helices 3 and 5 in rhodopsin.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Asparagine; Cattle; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Membrane Proteins; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Phenylalanine; Photochemistry; Protein Structure, Secondary; Rhodopsin; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Transducin | 1998 |
Glutamate, glutamine, and GABA as substrates for the neuronal and glial compartments after focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Arteries; Blood Pressure; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Carbon Isotopes; Cytosol; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen; Infusions, Intravenous; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuroglia; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substrate Specificity; Tissue Extracts; Veins | 1998 |
Changes in brain organic osmolytes in experimental cerebral ischemia.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Brain Ischemia; Creatine; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Methylamines; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine | 1998 |
New approach for quantitation of short echo time in vivo 1H MR spectra of brain using AMARES.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Dipeptides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Software; Time Factors | 1998 |
Glutamate transport and cellular glutamine metabolism: regulation in LLC-PK1 vs. LLC-PK1-F+ cell lines.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Binding, Competitive; Biological Transport; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kinetics; LLC-PK1 Cells; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Swine | 1998 |
Glutamate transport asymmetry in renal glutamine metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Arteries; Biological Transport; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kidney; Kidney Glomerulus; Male; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stereoisomerism | 1998 |
The separate effects of E60Q in Lactobacillus casei thymidylate synthase delineate between mechanisms for formation of intermediates in catalysis.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Asparagine; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Crystallography, X-Ray; Deoxyuracil Nucleotides; Folic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Mutation; Nucleotides; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Pyrimidines; Quinazolines; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Thymidylate Synthase | 1998 |
Distribution of glutaminase and glutamine synthetase activities in the human gastrointestinal tract.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Digestive System; Esophagus; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Middle Aged; Mucous Membrane | 1998 |
Determinants of glutamine dependence and utilization by normal and tumor-derived breast cell lines.
Topics: Biological Transport; Breast Neoplasms; Carbon Dioxide; Cell Division; Culture Media; Cystine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Kinetics; Sodium; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1998 |
Measurement of chemical shifts and coupling constants for glutamate and glutamine.
Topics: Brain; Computer Simulation; Fourier Analysis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 1998 |
Measurement of glutamine and glutamate by capillary electrophoresis and laser induced fluorescence detection in cerebrospinal fluid of meningitis sick children.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Lasers; Meningitis, Bacterial; Meningitis, Viral; Spectrometry, Fluorescence | 1998 |
Glutamate-459 is important for Escherichia coli branching enzyme activity.
Topics: 1,4-alpha-Glucan Branching Enzyme; Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Aspartic Acid; Bacterial Proteins; Conserved Sequence; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lysine; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Plant Proteins; Sequence Alignment | 1998 |
Thermodynamics of a transition state analogue inhibitor binding to Escherichia coli chorismate mutase: probing the charge state of an active site residue and its role in inhibitor binding and catalysis.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Binding Sites; Calorimetry; Catalysis; Chorismate Mutase; Enzyme Inhibitors; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protons; Thermodynamics | 1998 |
Effects of single and double mutations in plastocyanin on the rate constant and activation parameters for the rearrangement gating the electron-transfer reaction between the triplet state of zinc cytochrome c and cupriplastocyanin.
Topics: Animals; Copper; Cytochrome c Group; Cytochromes c; Electron Transport; Enzyme Activation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Horses; Kinetics; Lysine; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Photolysis; Plastocyanin; Spectrophotometry; Spinacia oleracea; Temperature; Viscosity; Zinc | 1998 |
Contribution of proton release to the B2 photocurrent of bacteriorhodopsin.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Bacteriorhodopsins; Biophysical Phenomena; Biophysics; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Photochemistry; Protons; Schiff Bases | 1998 |
Glu78, from the conserved PEWY sequence of subunit IV, has a key function in cytochrome b6f turnover.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; Chloroplasts; Conserved Sequence; Cytochrome b Group; Cytochrome b6f Complex; Electron Transport; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Leucine; Lysine; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oxidation-Reduction; Peptide Fragments; Transformation, Genetic | 1998 |
Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate pool size and estimated cycle flux in human muscle during exercise.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Ammonia; Carboxylic Acids; Citric Acid Cycle; Exercise; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heart Rate; Humans; Lactates; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Exertion; Regional Blood Flow; Time Factors | 1998 |
Comparison of the allosteric properties of the Co(II)- and Zn(II)-substituted insulin hexamers.
Topics: Allosteric Site; Cobalt; Fluorescent Dyes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insulin; Ligands; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Nitrobenzoates; Parabens; Protein Conformation; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Zinc | 1998 |
Mutation to the glutamate in the fourth membrane segment of Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase affects cation binding from both sides of the membrane and destabilizes the occluded enzyme forms.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Binding Sites; Calcium; Calcium-Transporting ATPases; Cations; Cell Membrane; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Stability; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrolysis; Isoenzymes; Membrane Proteins; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oligomycins; Phosphorylation; Potassium; Rats; Rubidium; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Thapsigargin | 1998 |
Synaptic vesicular localization and exocytosis of L-aspartate in excitatory nerve terminals: a quantitative immunogold analysis in rat hippocampus.
Topics: Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Calcium; Electrophysiology; Exocytosis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Hypoglycemia; Immunohistochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Nerve Endings; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reference Values; Synaptic Vesicles; Tetanus Toxin; Tissue Distribution | 1998 |
Switching the amino acid specificity of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.
Topics: Acylation; Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases; Glutamate-tRNA Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrolysis; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Phosphates; RNA, Transfer, Glu; Substrate Specificity; Transfer RNA Aminoacylation | 1998 |
Selective deamidation by tissue transglutaminase strongly enhances gliadin-specific T cell reactivity.
Topics: Amides; Amino Acid Substitution; Epitopes; Gliadin; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Lymphocyte Activation; Peptide Fragments; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; Transglutaminases | 1998 |
Amphetamine increases extracellular concentrations of glutamate in the prefrontal cortex of the awake rat: a microdialysis study.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Arginine; Calcium; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Microdialysis; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Taurine | 1998 |
A comparison of the effects of clonidine and CNQX infusion into the locus coeruleus and the amygdala on naloxone-precipitated opiate withdrawal in the rat.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Amygdala; Animals; Clonidine; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Morphine Dependence; N-Methylaspartate; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1998 |
Effects of iron deficiency on iron distribution and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism in young rat brain tissues.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hematologic Tests; Iron; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Trace Elements | 1998 |
Effects of prolonged exercise on brain ammonia and amino acids.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1998 |
Compartmentation of [14C]glutamate and [14C]glutamine oxidative metabolism in the rat hippocampus as determined by microdialysis.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Radioisotopes; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Male; Microdialysis; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats | 1998 |
MR imaging and localized proton MR spectroscopy in late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Cerebellum; Cerebral Ventricles; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactates; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies; Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses; Peroxisomal Disorders; Thalamus | 1998 |
Proton spectroscopy without water suppression: the oversampled J-resolved experiment.
Topics: Adult; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurotransmitter Agents; Phantoms, Imaging; Reference Values; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | 1998 |
Plasma and muscle amino acid levels in relation to resting energy expenditure and inflammation in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Acute-Phase Reaction; Adipose Tissue; Aged; Alanine; Amino Acids; Arginine; Carrier Proteins; Case-Control Studies; Citrulline; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Membrane Glycoproteins; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Diseases; Ornithine; Proteins; Rest | 1998 |
Synthesis of amidrazones using an engineered papain nitrile hydratase.
Topics: Catalysis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrazones; Hydro-Lyases; Hydrolysis; Mutagenesis; Papain; Pichia; Protein Engineering; Recombinant Proteins; Salicylates | 1998 |
Elucidation of the structural basis for the slow reactivity of thrombin with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Lysine; Methionine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Peptide Fragments; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; Sequence Alignment; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thrombin; Tissue Plasminogen Activator; Trypsin | 1998 |
Major identity element of glutamine tRNAs from Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli in the reaction with B. subtilis glutamyl-tRNA synthetase.
Topics: Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases; Bacillus subtilis; Binding Sites; Cloning, Molecular; Escherichia coli; Genes, Bacterial; Glutamate-tRNA Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; RNA, Transfer, Gln; RNA, Transfer, Glu; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Transcription, Genetic | 1998 |
Gln27Glu variant of the human beta2-adrenoreceptor gene is not associated with early-onset obesity in Danish men.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adolescent; Adult; Body Mass Index; Gene Expression; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Mutation; Obesity; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta | 1998 |
Ca2+ binding and conformational changes in a calmodulin domain.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Calcium; Calmodulin; Cattle; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary | 1998 |
Specific requirements for cytochrome c-550 and the manganese-stabilizing protein in photoautotrophic strains of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 with mutations in the domain Gly-351 to Thr-436 of the chlorophyll-binding protein CP47.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Calcium; Chlorides; Chlorophyll; Culture Media, Conditioned; Cyanobacteria; Cytochrome c Group; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Leucine; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; Manganese; Metalloproteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Peptide Fragments; Photosynthesis; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Photosystem II Protein Complex; Proteins; Threonine | 1998 |
Proton uptake by carboxylic acid groups upon photoreduction of the secondary quinone (QB) in bacterial reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides: FTIR studies on the effects of replacing Glu H173.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Aspartic Acid; Carboxylic Acids; Deuterium Oxide; Electron Transport; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Photochemistry; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Protons; Quinones; Rhodobacter sphaeroides; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared | 1998 |
Localized in vivo 13C-NMR of glutamate metabolism in the human brain: initial results at 4 tesla.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetics; Models, Biological; Visual Cortex | 1998 |
In vivo investigation of glutamate-glutamine metabolism in hyperammonemic monkey brain using 13C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Acetates; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inactivation, Metabolic; Injections, Intravenous; Isomerism; Macaca fascicularis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male | 1998 |
15N-NMR spectroscopy studies of ammonia transport and glutamine synthesis in the hyperammonemic rat brain.
Topics: Acetates; Ammonia; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Biological; Nitrogen Isotopes; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1998 |
Corticosterone peak is responsible for stress-induced elevation of glutamate in the hippocampus.
Topics: Adrenalectomy; Amino Acids; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Corticosterone; Drug Implants; Ether; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Microdialysis; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stress, Physiological; Taurine | 1998 |
Proton MR spectroscopic measurement of neurometabolites in hepatic encephalopathy during oral lactulose therapy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Lactulose; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Reference Values | 1998 |
Excitatory amino acid synthesis in hypoxic brain slices: does alanine act as a substrate for glutamate production in hypoxia?
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Brain; Carbon; Excitatory Amino Acids; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Intracellular Membranes; Osmolar Concentration; Perfusion; Pyruvic Acid; Reference Values; Substrate Specificity | 1998 |
Stability of trimeric OmpF porin: the contributions of the latching loop L2.
Topics: Alanine; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Computer Simulation; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hot Temperature; Ion Channel Gating; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Porins; Protein Structure, Secondary; Thermodynamics | 1998 |
Crystal structure of thiaminase-I from Bacillus thiaminolyticus at 2.0 A resolution.
Topics: Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; Bacillus; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Computer Simulation; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Models, Molecular; Peptide Fragments; Protein Structure, Secondary; Substrate Specificity | 1998 |
Rate at which glutamine enters TCA cycle influences carbon atom fate in intestinal epithelial cells.
Topics: Animals; Carbon; Citric Acid Cycle; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344 | 1998 |
Restoration of the activity of active-site mutants of the hyperthermophilic beta-glycosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus: dependence of the mechanism on the action of external nucleophiles.
Topics: Binding Sites; Catalytic Domain; Enzyme Activation; Formates; Glucosidases; Glucosides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hot Temperature; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Sodium Azide; Sulfolobus | 1998 |
Total plasma homocysteine as part of the routine aminogram by ion-exchange chromatography.
Topics: Amino Acids; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cysteine; Dithiothreitol; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homocysteine; Humans; Time Factors | 1998 |
Calcium binding to the class I alpha-1,2-mannosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurs outside the EF hand motif.
Topics: Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Calcium; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Catalysis; Enzyme Stability; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hot Temperature; Kinetics; Mannosidases; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Peptide Fragments; Recombinant Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 1999 |
Glutamine synthesis is heterogeneous and differentially regulated along the rabbit renal proximal tubule.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Male; Rabbits | 1999 |
Is glutamine a pretender to the throne?
Topics: Arginine; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Dipeptides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Parenteral Nutrition, Total | 1999 |
Re: Glutamine homologues and derivatives: a limiting factor in current artificial nutrition by F.H.R. Pesty, PharmD and F. Sultan, PhD.
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional Support | 1999 |
Thiamin-binding protein from sunflower seeds.
Topics: Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Carrier Proteins; Chromatography, Gel; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Helianthus; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Weight; Seeds; Thiamine | 1998 |
Absolute conservation of residue 6 of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions of class IIA is required for correct folding.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens; Binding Sites, Antibody; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; Immunoglobulin Variable Region; Mice; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Engineering; Protein Folding; Structure-Activity Relationship; Trypsin | 1998 |
Excitotoxic death of a subset of embryonic rat motor neurons in vitro.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Death; Cells, Cultured; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Kainic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Motor Neurons; N-Methylaspartate; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurotoxins; Potassium; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Spinal Cord | 1999 |
Formation of N-pyroglutamyl peptides from N-Glu and N-Gln precursors in Aplysia neurons.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Aplysia; Ganglia, Invertebrate; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Neurons; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1999 |
In vivo quantitation of cerebral metabolite concentrations using natural abundance 13C MRS at 1.5 T.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Canavan Disease; Carbon Isotopes; Child; Child, Preschool; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Infant; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spin Labels; Synaptic Transmission | 1999 |
Energy on demand.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Astrocytes; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cognition; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Oxidation-Reduction; Sodium; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Tomography, Emission-Computed | 1999 |
Role of the buried glutamate in the alpha-helical coiled coil domain of the macrophage scavenger receptor.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cattle; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Macrophages; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Peptide Fragments; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Rabbits; Receptors, Immunologic; Receptors, Scavenger; Sequence Analysis; Valine | 1999 |
Generation of the O630 photointermediate of bacteriorhodopsin is controlled by the state of protonation of several protein residues.
Topics: Amino Acids; Bacteriorhodopsins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mathematical Computing; Metals; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Photolysis; Protons; Purple Membrane; Titrimetry | 1999 |
The proton release group of bacteriorhodopsin controls the rate of the final step of its photocycle at low pH.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Azides; Bacteriorhodopsins; Catalysis; Deuterium Oxide; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Halobacterium salinarum; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mathematical Computing; Models, Chemical; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Photochemistry; Protons; Titrimetry | 1999 |
Enzyme-based flow injection analysis system for glutamine and glutamate in mammalian cell culture media.
Topics: Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Enzymes, Immobilized; Erwinia; Flow Injection Analysis; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mammals | 1999 |
The contribution of acidic residues to the conformational stability of common-type acylphosphatase.
Topics: Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; Acylphosphatase; Amino Acid Substitution; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Enzyme Stability; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Conformation; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Substrate Specificity | 1999 |
Mutagenic and enzymological studies of the hydratase and isomerase activities of 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase-1.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Carbon-Carbon Double Bond Isomerases; Catalysis; Dodecenoyl-CoA Isomerase; Enoyl-CoA Hydratase; Enzyme Activation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leucine; Mitochondria, Liver; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Recombinant Proteins | 1999 |
Effect of ketamine on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in newborn rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Carotid Artery Diseases; Female; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoxia, Brain; Ketamine; Male; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors | 1999 |
Crystal structure determination of cholesterol oxidase from Streptomyces and structural characterization of key active site mutants.
Topics: Asparagine; Binding Sites; Cholesterol Oxidase; Crystallography, X-Ray; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Streptomyces; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Water | 1999 |
Seven novel mutations in the adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene in patients with severe and delayed onset combined immunodeficiency: G74C, V129M, G140E, R149W, Q199P, 462delG, and E337del. Mutations in brief no. 142. Online.
Topics: Adenosine Deaminase; Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Arginine; Cysteine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Methionine; Mutation; Proline; Sequence Deletion; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency; Tryptophan; Valine | 1998 |
Glutamate metabolism of the heart during coronary artery bypass grafting.
Topics: Aged; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Citric Acid Cycle; Coronary Artery Bypass; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardium | 1998 |
Changes in the extracellular profiles of neuroactive amino acids in the rat striatum at the asymptomatic stage of hepatic failure.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Corpus Striatum; Excitatory Amino Acids; Fatty Liver; Gliosis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Liver; Male; Microdialysis; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Taurine; Thioacetamide | 1999 |
Effects of mutation of the conserved glutamic acid-286 in subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Conserved Sequence; Electron Transport Complex IV; Ferric Compounds; Formates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ligands; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oxidation-Reduction; Rhodobacter sphaeroides | 1999 |
An age-related decline in striatal taurine is correlated with a loss of dopaminergic markers.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Aging; Animals; Biomarkers; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Male; Maze Learning; Nerve Growth Factors; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Reaction Time; Space Perception; Taurine; Temporal Lobe | 1999 |
Postembedding immunogold labelling reveals subcellular localization and pathway-specific enrichment of phosphate activated glutaminase in rat cerebellum.
Topics: Animals; Cerebellum; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Immunoblotting; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mitochondria; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tissue Distribution; Tissue Embedding | 1999 |
A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of the striatum and cerebral cortex in Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Aged; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Parietal Lobe; Parkinson Disease; Reference Values; Temporal Lobe | 1999 |
[1-(13)C]glucose metabolism in the tumoral and nontumoral cerebral tissue of a glioma-bearing rat.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Body Weight; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Carbon Isotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; Female; Functional Laterality; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glioma; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Chemical; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1999 |
NH4+ transport system of a psychrophilic marine bacterium, Vibrio sp. strain ABE-1.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Biological Transport; Carbon; Culture Media; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Methylamines; Nitrogen; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Temperature; Vibrio | 1999 |
Effects of the amyloid precursor protein Glu693-->Gln 'Dutch' mutation on the production and stability of amyloid beta-protein.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Amyloidosis; Cell Line; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Culture Media, Conditioned; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Netherlands; Peptide Fragments; Precipitin Tests; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Sequence Analysis; Sweden; Time Factors | 1999 |
Time-resolved FT-IR studies on the CO adduct of Paracoccus denitrificans cytochrome c oxidase: comparison of the fully reduced and the mixed valence form.
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Electron Transport; Electron Transport Complex IV; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oxidation-Reduction; Paracoccus denitrificans; Photolysis; Protons; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Temperature; Time Factors | 1999 |
Role of the ATP-binding domain of the human papillomavirus type 11 E1 helicase in E2-dependent binding to the origin.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Binding Sites; Cattle; DNA Helicases; DNA Replication; DNA-Binding Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lysine; Magnesium; Papillomaviridae; Proline; Replication Origin; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Serine; Temperature; Viral Proteins; Virus Replication | 1999 |
Effects of ammonia in vitro on endogenous taurine efflux and cell volume in rat cerebrocortical minislices: influence of inhibitors of volume-sensitive amino acid transport.
Topics: Ammonia; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Cell Size; Cerebral Cortex; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Ethylmaleimide; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Neurons; Niflumic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Taurine | 1999 |
Measurement of urinary amino acids using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a strong cation exchange resin pre-column.
Topics: Amino Acids; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Reproducibility of Results | 1999 |
Histological changes and neurotransmitter levels three months following perinatal asphyxia in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Asphyxia; Brain; Cell Count; Cerebellum; Corpus Striatum; Female; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Histamine; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Hypothalamus; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serotonin; Taurine; Time Factors | 1999 |
Determination of the rate of the glutamate/glutamine cycle in the human brain by in vivo 13C NMR.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Chemical; Oxidation-Reduction; Parietal Lobe; Rats; Reference Values; Temporal Lobe; Time Factors | 1999 |
Delayed labelling of brain glutamate after an intra-arterial [13C]glucose bolus: evidence for aerobic metabolism of guinea pig brain glycogen store.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen; Guinea Pigs; Infusions, Intra-Arterial; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Time Factors | 1999 |
The adaptation of BHK cells to a non-ammoniagenic glutamate-based culture medium.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Line; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cricetinae; Culture Media; Dipeptides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hybridomas; Time Factors; Vero Cells | 1999 |
RNase H requirements for the second strand transfer reaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcription.
Topics: Base Sequence; Cations, Divalent; DNA, Viral; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HIV Reverse Transcriptase; HIV-1; Humans; Magnesium; Manganese; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Ribonuclease H; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl; RNA, Transfer, His; RNA, Viral; Transcription, Genetic | 1999 |
Inhibition of glutamine transport in rat brain mitochondria by some amino acids and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Brain; Citric Acid Cycle; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kinetics; Malates; Mitochondria; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Succinic Acid | 1999 |
1H-MRS evidence of neurodegeneration and excess glutamate + glutamine in ALS medulla.
Topics: Adult; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Middle Aged; Nerve Degeneration; Reference Values | 1999 |
Substrate oxidation by the portal drained viscera of fed piglets.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactates; Oxidation-Reduction; Portal Vein; Swine; Viscera | 1999 |
Fourier transform infrared spectra of a late intermediate of the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle suggest transient protonation of Asp-212.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Bacteriorhodopsins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Halobacterium salinarum; Kinetics; Photolysis; Photoperiod; Protons; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Time Factors | 1999 |
Transport of amino acids and ammonium in mycelium of Agaricus bisporus.
Topics: Agaricus; Amino Acids; Arginine; Biological Transport; Carbon Radioisotopes; Culture Media; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Kinetics; Lysine; Methylamines; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 1999 |
Relocation of the catalytic carboxylate group in class A beta-lactamase: the structure and function of the mutant enzyme Glu166-->Gln:Asn170-->Asp.
Topics: Acylation; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Catalytic Domain; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Mutation; Protein Conformation; Staphylococcus aureus; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1999 |
Analysis of the substrate specificity of human sulfotransferases SULT1A1 and SULT1A3: site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic studies.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Arylsulfotransferase; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Dopamine; Enzyme Activation; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Genes, Overlapping; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Nuclear Proteins; Phenols; Recombinant Proteins; RNA-Binding Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Substrate Specificity; Transcription Factors | 1999 |
Role of glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters in the regulation of the glutamate-glutamine cycle in the awake rat.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Dicarboxylic Acids; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Piperazines; Pyrrolidines; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glutamate | 1999 |
Mutations of human topoisomerase II alpha affecting multidrug resistance and sensitivity.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antineoplastic Agents; Arginine; Catalysis; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II; DNA-Binding Proteins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Enzyme Activation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Isoenzymes; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Proline; Serine; Teniposide; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1999 |
Effect of dietary glutamate on chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Diet; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Lymphocyte Activation; Methotrexate; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344 | 1999 |
Conformational heterogeneity of the bacteriopheophytin electron acceptor HA in reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas viridis revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and site-directed mutagenesis.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Benzoquinones; Deuterium Oxide; Electron Transport; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenylalanine; Pheophytins; Photochemistry; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Protein Conformation; Protons; Rhodopseudomonas; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Static Electricity; Tryptophan | 1999 |
Neurochemical studies with the anticonvulsant felbamate in mouse brain.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Felbamate; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Neuroprotective Agents; Phenylcarbamates; Propylene Glycols | 1999 |
Glutamate transport asymmetry and metabolism in the functioning kidney.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Male; Perfusion; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stereoisomerism | 1999 |
The role of glutamine in skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat hind limb model.
Topics: Animals; Creatine Kinase; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hindlimb; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Ischemia; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Neutrophils; Oxidative Stress; Peroxidase; Protective Agents; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reperfusion Injury; Single-Blind Method; Time Factors | 1999 |
Inhibitory effect of valproate on weak organic acid uptake in rat renal proximal tubules.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Fluorescein; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Valproic Acid | 1999 |
Role of glutamate-59 hydrogen bonded to N(3)H of the flavin mononucleotide cofactor in the modulation of the redox potentials of the Clostridium beijerinckii flavodoxin. Glutamate-59 is not responsible for the pH dependency but contributes to the stabiliz
Topics: Circular Dichroism; Clostridium; Coenzymes; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Flavodoxin; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroquinones; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Nitrogen Isotopes; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Binding; Protons; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Temperature; Thermodynamics | 1999 |
Determination of glutamine in muscle protein facilitates accurate assessment of proteolysis and de novo synthesis-derived endogenous glutamine production.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Biopsy; Cattle; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; DNA; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kinetics; Leucine; Male; Microwaves; Muscle Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Swine | 1999 |
Glucagon-like peptide-1 modulates neuronal activity in the rat's hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Electroencephalography; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Neurons; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glucagon; Stimulation, Chemical; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | 1999 |
Mks1p is a regulator of nitrogen catabolism upstream of Ure2p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Topics: Ammonia; Asparagine; Crosses, Genetic; Fungal Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione Peroxidase; Nitrogen; Plasmids; Prions; Proline; Recombinant Proteins; Repressor Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Transcription Factors | 1999 |
Nitrogen metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2): modification of glutamine synthetase I by an adenylyltransferase.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Blotting, Southern; Chromosome Mapping; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Bacterial; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Nitrogen; Nucleotidyltransferases; Plasmids; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Streptomyces | 1999 |
A point mutation in the ethylene-inducing xylanase elicitor inhibits the beta-1-4-endoxylanase activity but not the elicitation activity.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Base Sequence; Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases; Ethylenes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Nicotiana; Plant Leaves; Plants, Toxic; Point Mutation; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Solanum lycopersicum; Xylosidases | 1999 |
Reaction mechanism of glyoxalase I explored by an X-ray crystallographic analysis of the human enzyme in complex with a transition state analogue.
Topics: Binding, Competitive; Catalysis; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Lactoylglutathione Lyase; Ligands; Macromolecular Substances; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation; Zinc | 1999 |
Cerebral proton and phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with subclinical hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain; Choline; Creatinine; Electroencephalography; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Phosphates; Phosphorus Isotopes; Protons | 1999 |
Frontal lobe neuronal injury correlates to altered function in FIV-infected cats.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cats; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Choline; Electroencephalography; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neurons; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms | 1999 |
The astroglial ASCT2 amino acid transporter as a mediator of glutamine efflux.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Transport Systems; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Base Sequence; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Cells, Cultured; DNA, Complementary; Gene Expression; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Oocytes; Rats; Sequence Homology; Transfection; Xenopus laevis | 1999 |
Effects of ammonia on the anaplerotic pathway and amino acid metabolism in the brain: an ex vivo 13C NMR spectroscopic study of rats after administering [2-13C]] glucose with or without ammonium acetate.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Chemical; Models, Neurological; Neuroglia; Neurons; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 1999 |
Glutamine synthetase activity in Solanaceous cell suspensions accumulating alkaloids or not. 13C NMR and enzymatic assay.
Topics: Alkaloids; Cells, Cultured; Datura stramonium; Enzyme Induction; Enzyme Inhibitors; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Methionine Sulfoximine; Nicotiana; Plant Proteins; Plants, Medicinal; Plants, Toxic; Species Specificity; Suspensions | 1999 |
Glutamate-containing parenteral nutrition doubles plasma glutamate: a risk factor in neurosurgical patients with blood-brain barrier damage?
Topics: Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Edema; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Craniotomy; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hospitals, University; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Male; Middle Aged; Parenteral Nutrition; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome | 1999 |
Studies on amino acid metabolism in the brain using 15N-labeled precursors.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Nitrogen Isotopes; Potassium | 1999 |
Lack of association between a human beta-2 adrenoceptor gene polymorphism (gln27glu) and morbid obesity.
Topics: Alleles; Body Mass Index; DNA; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Obesity, Morbid; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 | 1999 |
Reciprocal effects of substitutions at the subunit interfaces in hexameric pyrophosphatase of Escherichia coli. Dimeric and monomeric forms of the enzyme.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Aspartic Acid; Catalysis; Crystallography, X-Ray; Dimerization; Enzyme Stability; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Magnesium Compounds; Protein Structure, Quaternary; Pyrophosphatases; Substrate Specificity; Temperature; Tyrosine | 1999 |
In vivo carbon-edited detection with proton echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (ICED PEPSI): [3,4-(13)CH(2)]glutamate/glutamine tomography in rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; Echo-Planar Imaging; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1999 |
On-line derivatization for continuous and automatic monitoring of brain extracellular glutamate levels in anesthetized rats: a microdialysis study.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Autoanalysis; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Extracellular Space; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Microdialysis; o-Phthalaldehyde; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine; Vasospasm, Intracranial | 1999 |
Circadian variations in plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of glutamate, glutamine, and alanine in men on a diet without and with added monosodium glutamate.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Analysis of Variance; Circadian Rhythm; Erythrocytes; Food Additives; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Reference Values; Sodium Glutamate | 1999 |
Mutant trimers of light-harvesting complex II exhibit altered pigment content and spectroscopic features.
Topics: Asparagine; Binding Sites; Carotenoids; Chlorophyll; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Pisum sativum; Protein Folding; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry | 1999 |
Engineering a thermostable protein via optimization of charge-charge interactions on the protein surface.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Arginine; Asparagine; Circular Dichroism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Linear Models; Lysine; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Engineering; Protein Folding; Static Electricity; Surface Properties; Thermodynamics; Ubiquitins | 1999 |
Phosphate activated glutaminase is concentrated in mitochondria of sensory hair cells in rat inner ear: a high resolution immunogold study.
Topics: Animals; Enzyme Activation; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hair Cells, Auditory; Immunohistochemistry; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Mitochondria; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Signal Transduction; Subcellular Fractions | 1999 |
4-Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: an ionizable probe of the active site of the medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.
Topics: Acyl Coenzyme A; Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase; Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases; Animals; Binding Sites; Coenzyme A; Coumaric Acids; Esters; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Kidney; Ligands; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Substrate Specificity; Swine | 2000 |
Hyperglycemia enhances extracellular glutamate accumulation in rats subjected to forebrain ischemia.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hyperglycemia; Male; Prosencephalon; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Serine; Taurine | 2000 |
Expression and stereochemical and isotope effect studies of active 4-oxalocrotonate decarboxylase.
Topics: Carbon Isotopes; Carboxy-Lyases; Deuterium; Enzyme Activation; Escherichia coli; Genetic Vectors; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydro-Lyases; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Protons; Pseudomonas putida; Recombinant Proteins; Stereoisomerism | 2000 |
Mitochondrial compartmentation at the cellular level: astrocytes and neurons.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mitochondria; Models, Chemical; Neurons | 1999 |
Mutational, kinetic, and NMR studies of the roles of conserved glutamate residues and of lysine-39 in the mechanism of the MutT pyrophosphohydrolase.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aspartic Acid; Bacterial Proteins; Binding, Competitive; Catalysis; Chlorides; Conserved Sequence; DNA Mutational Analysis; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Lysine; Magnesium; Magnesium Chloride; Manganese; Manganese Compounds; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Nitrogen Isotopes; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protons; Pyrophosphatases; Recombinant Proteins; Solvents | 2000 |
3D localized 1H-13C heteronuclear single-quantum coherence correlation spectroscopy in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen; Macaca fascicularis; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Phantoms, Imaging; Reproducibility of Results; Time Factors | 2000 |
[Alterations of amino acids in rat cerebral cortex of infectious brain injuries].
Topics: Animals; Bordetella pertussis; Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycerol; Male; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Whooping Cough | 1998 |
Substrate oxidation and ATP supply in AS-30D hepatoma cells.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetoacetates; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Division; Cell Respiration; Cytosol; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Mitochondria; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Substrate Specificity; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2000 |
Reactions of Pseudomonas 7A glutaminase-asparaginase with diazo analogues of glutamine and asparagine result in unexpected covalent inhibitions and suggests an unusual catalytic triad Thr-Tyr-Glu.
Topics: Amidohydrolases; Aminolevulinic Acid; Asparagine; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Crystallography, X-Ray; Diazooxonorleucine; Electrons; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Pseudomonas; Threonine; Tyrosine | 2000 |
The carbonyl group of glutamic acid-795 is essential for gastric H+,K+-ATPase activity.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Binding Sites; Cations, Monovalent; Enzyme Activation; Gastric Mucosa; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase; Hydrolysis; Leucine; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Phosphorylation; Rats | 2000 |
Mechanisms of glutamate metabolic signaling in retinal glial (Müller) cells.
Topics: Ambystoma; Animals; Biosensing Techniques; Citric Acid Cycle; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Lactic Acid; Microscopy, Fluorescence; NADP; Neuroglia; Neurons, Afferent; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Retina; Signal Transduction | 2000 |
Reduced glutamate in the anterior cingulate cortex in depression: an in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Myo-Inositol-1-Phosphate Synthase; Severity of Illness Index | 2000 |
Probing the mechanistic role of glutamate residue in the zinc-binding motif of type A botulinum neurotoxin light chain.
Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Aspartic Acid; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Circular Dichroism; Energy Transfer; Enzyme Activation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Metalloendopeptidases; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Substrate Specificity; Zinc | 2000 |
Pathways of glutamine metabolism in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells: evidence for the presence of the nitrogen assimilation system, and a metabolic switch by 1H/15N NMR.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Carbon; Carbon Isotopes; Cells, Cultured; Ethanol; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycerol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nitrogen; Oxidation-Reduction; Protons; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Spodoptera | 2000 |
An engineered blockage within the ammonia tunnel of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase prevents the use of glutamine as a substrate but not ammonia.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Aspartic Acid; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing); Carbamyl Phosphate; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Kinetics; Lysine; Methionine; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Phenylalanine; Serine; Substrate Specificity; Time Factors | 2000 |
Site-directed mutagenesis identifies residues in uncoupling protein (UCP1) involved in three different functions.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Carrier Proteins; Chlorides; Cricetinae; Electron Transport; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guanosine Triphosphate; Ion Channels; Membrane Proteins; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Proteins; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protons; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Uncoupling Agents; Uncoupling Protein 1 | 2000 |
Novel peak assignments of in vivo (13)C MRS in human brain at 1.5 T.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bicarbonates; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Child, Preschool; Creatine; Demyelinating Diseases; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Occipital Lobe; Taurine | 2000 |
Changes in glutamine and glutamate concentrations for tracking training tolerance.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Exercise; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Physical Endurance; Sports | 2000 |
Acidosis and astrocyte amino acid metabolism.
Topics: Acidosis; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats | 2000 |
Investigation of spectroscopic intermediates during copper-binding and TPQ formation in wild-type and active-site mutants of a copper-containing amine oxidase from yeast.
Topics: Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Coenzymes; Copper; Cysteine; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oxygen Consumption; Pichia; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 2000 |
Mechanisms of umami taste preference and aversion in rats.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Diet; Drug Combinations; Food Preferences; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium Glutamate; Solutions; Taste; Vagus Nerve | 2000 |
The E148Q mutation in the MEFV gene: is it a disease-causing mutation or a sequence variant?
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alleles; Amino Acid Substitution; Child; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Familial Mediterranean Fever; Female; Genetic Variation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Jews; Male; Middle Aged; Morocco; Mutation; Pedigree; Proteins; Pyrin | 2000 |
Impact of polymorphisms of the human beta2-adrenoceptor gene on obesity in a French population.
Topics: Adult; Arginine; Body Constitution; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Female; France; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Linkage Disequilibrium; Male; Middle Aged; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Obesity; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 | 2000 |
The Gln27Glu polymorphism in the beta2-adrenergic receptor gene is not associated with morbid obesity in Austrian women.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Arginine; Austria; Body Mass Index; Carrier Proteins; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Ion Channels; Leptin; Membrane Proteins; Middle Aged; Mitochondrial Proteins; Obesity, Morbid; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; RNA, Messenger; Uncoupling Protein 1 | 2000 |
The Na+-dependent glutamate and aspartate transporter supports glutathione maintenance and survival of CHO-K1 cells.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Benzoquinones; Cell Division; Cell Survival; CHO Cells; Cisplatin; Cricetinae; Culture Media; Drug Resistance; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mutation; Oxidative Stress; Sodium | 1998 |
Interaction of glutamine and arginine on cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia.
Topics: Acetates; Ammonia; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Arginine; Arterioles; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Drug Synergism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypercapnia; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Pia Mater; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium Acetate | 2000 |
A T4-phage deoxycytidylate deaminase mutant that no longer requires deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate for activation.
Topics: Arginine; Bacteriophage T4; Binding Sites; Chromatography, Gel; DCMP Deaminase; Deoxycytosine Nucleotides; Edetic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Renaturation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Time Factors; Zinc | 2000 |
Effect of dexamethasone on fetal hepatic glutamine-glutamate exchange.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Blood Glucose; Carbon Isotopes; Dexamethasone; Female; Fetal Weight; Gestational Age; Glucocorticoids; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Infusions, Intravenous; Lactic Acid; Liver; Liver Circulation; Organ Size; Sheep; Umbilical Veins | 2000 |
Effects of aluminum exposure on glutamate metabolism: a possible explanation for its toxicity.
Topics: Aluminum; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Brain; Cell Extracts; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inhibitory Concentration 50; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver; Organ Specificity; Rats | 2000 |
Identification of three novel mutations (E196K, V203I, E211Q) in the prion protein gene (PRNP) in inherited prion diseases with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease phenotype.
Topics: Aged; Amino Acid Substitution; Amyloid; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Isoleucine; Lysine; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation, Missense; Phenotype; Prion Proteins; Prions; Protein Precursors; Valine | 2000 |
Deterministic features of side-chain main-chain hydrogen bonds in globular protein structures.
Topics: Amino Acids; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Crystallization; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Hydrogen Bonding; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Proteins; Serine; Threonine | 2000 |
Proton MR spectroscopy in children with bipolar affective disorder: preliminary observations.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Bipolar Disorder; Child; Choline; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Reference Values; Temporal Lobe | 2000 |
In vivo glutamine hydrolysis in the formation of extracellular glutamate in the injured rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Brain Injuries; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrolysis; Male; Microdialysis; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 2000 |
Modeling the effects of mutations on the free energy of the first electron transfer from QA- to QB in photosynthetic reaction centers.
Topics: Alanine; Arginine; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Electron Transport; Energy Transfer; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Leucine; Models, Chemical; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Quinones; Rhodobacter capsulatus; Rhodobacter sphaeroides; Static Electricity; Thermodynamics; Water | 2000 |
Hippocampal pathology in schizophrenia: magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy studies.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Dominance, Cerebral; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Schizophrenia | 2000 |
Selective methylation changes on the Bacillus subtilis chemotaxis receptor McpB promote adaptation.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Asparagine; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Chemoreceptor Cells; Consensus Sequence; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Membrane Proteins; Methanol; Methylation; Models, Biological; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Recombinant Proteins; Static Electricity | 2000 |
Mutational analysis of the putative K(+)-binding site on the fourth transmembrane segment of the gastric H(+),K(+)-ATPase.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Binding Sites; Cell Fractionation; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; DNA Mutational Analysis; Gastric Mucosa; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Membrane Proteins; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Phosphorylation; Point Mutation; Potassium; Protein Conformation; Rabbits; Transfection | 2000 |
Diabetes reduces glutamate oxidation and glutamine synthesis in the retina. The Penn State Retina Research Group.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Culture Techniques; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retina; Time Factors | 2000 |
Effects of ammonia on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure threshold.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Linear Models; Male; Neurons; Pentylenetetrazole; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures | 1999 |
Altered peptide ligand-mediated TCR antagonism can be modulated by a change in a single amino acid residue within the CDR3 beta of an MHC class I-restricted TCR.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Antigen Presentation; Antigens, Viral; Arginine; Binding, Competitive; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; H-2 Antigens; Ligands; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Peptides; Point Mutation; Protein Binding; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus | 2000 |
Copper catalyzed oxidation of Alzheimer Abeta.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acids; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Arginine; Catalysis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Copper; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Iron; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Peptide Fragments; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Time Factors; Tyrosine | 2000 |
Biosynthesis of pyridoxine: origin of the nitrogen atom of pyridoxine in microorganisms.
Topics: Eukaryotic Cells; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Japan; Nitrogen; Prokaryotic Cells; Pyridoxine | 2000 |
The Q/E27 polymorphism in the beta2-adrenoceptor gene is associated with increased body weight and dyslipoproteinaemia involving triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
Topics: Adult; Alleles; Arginine; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, VLDL; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Hyperlipoproteinemias; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Sweden; Triglycerides | 2000 |
Dexmedetomidine-induced stimulation of glutamine oxidation in astrocytes: a possible mechanism for its neuroprotective activity.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain Ischemia; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Dexmedetomidine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoxia, Brain; Mice; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxins; Oxidation-Reduction | 2000 |
A possible role of alanine for ammonia transfer between astrocytes and glutamatergic neurons.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon Isotopes; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Coculture Techniques; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Lactates; Mice; Models, Chemical; Models, Neurological; Neurons | 2000 |
The effects of thiopentone on free intracellular amino acids in polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Cell Separation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Neutrophils; Taurine; Thiopental | 2000 |
Identification of the site of glucocorticoid action on neutral amino acid transport in superficial nephrons of rat kidney.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Dexamethasone; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glucocorticoids; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isoxazoles; Kidney Cortex; Leucine; Nephrons; Punctures; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2000 |
Glutamine metabolism in endothelial cells: ornithine synthesis from glutamine via pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Aorta; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Azaserine; Carbon Dioxide; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Diazooxonorleucine; Endothelium, Vascular; Enzymes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Microcirculation; Ornithine; Ornithine-Oxo-Acid Transaminase; Umbilical Veins; Venules | 2000 |
Backbone dynamics of human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase and of its monomeric F50E/G51E/E133Q mutant: the influence of dimerization on mobility and function.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Crystallography, X-Ray; Dimerization; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Models, Molecular; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Phenylalanine; Point Mutation; Protein Conformation; Recombinant Proteins; Structure-Activity Relationship; Superoxide Dismutase; Thermodynamics | 2000 |
A structure-function study of a proton transport pathway in the gamma-class carbonic anhydrase from Methanosarcina thermophila.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Carbonic Anhydrases; Cysteine; Deuterium; Escherichia coli; Genetic Variation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lysine; Methanosarcina; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protons; Serine; Solvents; Structure-Activity Relationship; Threonine; Tryptophan | 2000 |
Receptor subtype and dose dependence of dexmedetomidine-induced accumulation of [14C]glutamine in astrocytes suggests glial involvement in its hypnotic-sedative and anesthetic-sparing effects.
Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Astrocytes; Calcium; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Dexmedetomidine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Mice; Neurons; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Synaptic Transmission | 2000 |
Lactate prevents the alterations in tissue amino acids, decline in ATP, and cell damage due to aglycemia in retina.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Chickens; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; Retina; Serine | 2000 |
Two clusters of acidic amino acids near the NH2 terminus of complement component C4 alpha'-chain are important for C2 binding.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Animals; Antibodies, Blocking; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites, Antibody; Complement C2; Complement C4; COS Cells; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Molecular Mimicry; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Peptide Fragments; Protein Binding | 2000 |
The structure of a CREB bZIP.somatostatin CRE complex reveals the basis for selective dimerization and divalent cation-enhanced DNA binding.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Arginine; Asparagine; Cations; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Dimerization; DNA; DNA-Binding Proteins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrons; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen Bonding; Ions; Kinetics; Leucine Zippers; Lysine; Magnesium; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Structure, Secondary; Response Elements; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Signal Transduction; Somatostatin | 2000 |
High-affinity [3H] kainic acid binding to brain membranes: a re-evaluation of ligand potency and selectivity.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Cell Membrane; Cerebral Cortex; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kainic Acid; Male; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes; Tritium | 1999 |
MR imaging and (1)H spectroscopy of brain metabolites in hepatic encephalopathy: time-course of renormalization after liver transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Basal Ganglia; Choline; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Liver Transplantation; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Reference Values | 2000 |
Single-shot, three-dimensional "non-echo" localization method for in vivo NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Calibration; Carbon Isotopes; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Formates; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen; Inositol; Lipids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Ostreidae; Phantoms, Imaging; Protons; Radio Waves; Rats; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2000 |
Dual-specific Cdc25B phosphatase: in search of the catalytic acid.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; cdc25 Phosphatases; Cell Cycle Proteins; Genetic Vectors; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Substrate Specificity; Xenopus laevis; Xenopus Proteins | 2000 |
In vivo measurements of glutamine + glutamate (Glx) and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) levels in human partial epilepsy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Epilepsies, Partial; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neocortex; Temporal Lobe | 2000 |
Neurobiology. Bundling up excitement.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Caenorhabditis elegans; Carrier Proteins; Cell Line; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurons; Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins; Symporters; Synapses; Synaptic Vesicles | 2000 |
Internal glutamine and glutamate pools in Klebsiella pneumoniae grown under different conditions of nitrogen availability.
Topics: Fermentation; Genes, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Fixation | 2000 |
Contribution of salt bridges near the surface of a protein to the conformational stability.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Crystallization; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hot Temperature; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Muramidase; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Potassium Chloride; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Salts; Surface Properties | 2000 |
Gln27Glu and Arg16Gly polymorphisms of the beta2-adrenergic receptor gene are not associated with obesity in Japanese men.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arginine; Codon; Gene Frequency; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Heterozygote; Homozygote; Humans; Japan; Linkage Disequilibrium; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta | 2000 |
Effect of chronic hyperprolactinemia on daily changes of glutamate and aspartate concentrations in the median eminence and different hypothalamic areas of male rats.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Circadian Rhythm; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hyperprolactinemia; Hypothalamus; Male; Median Eminence; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tissue Distribution | 2000 |
Anxiety in healthy humans is associated with orbital frontal chemistry.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anxiety; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatinine; Female; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Psychological Tests | 2000 |
Development of an improved technique for the perfusion of the isolated caudal lobe of sheep liver.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Gluconeogenesis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver; Microscopy, Electron; Nitrogen; Oxygen Consumption; Perfusion; Potassium; Propionates; Sheep; Urea | 2000 |
Long-term regulation of neuronal high-affinity glutamate and glutamine uptake in Aplysia.
Topics: Animals; Aplysia; Carrier Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neurons; Time Factors | 2000 |
Glutamate, GABA and precursor amino acids in adult mouse neocortex: cellular diversity revealed by quantitative immunocytochemistry.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neocortex; Neurons | 2000 |
A neurochemical study of the novel antiepileptic drug retigabine in mouse brain.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain Chemistry; Carbamates; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Phenylenediamines | 2000 |
Melatonin disrupts circadian rhythms of glutamate and GABA in the neostriatum of the aware rat: a microdialysis study.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Antioxidants; Arginine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Circadian Rhythm; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Melatonin; Microdialysis; Neostriatum; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Taurine; Wakefulness | 2000 |
Highly nonproductive complexes with Anabaena ferredoxin at low ionic strength are induced by nonconservative amino acid substitutions at Glu139 in Anabaena ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Anabaena; Circular Dichroism; Conserved Sequence; Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase; Ferredoxins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Lysine; Osmolar Concentration; Oxidation-Reduction; Photolysis; Static Electricity | 2000 |
Cation binding and thermostability of FTHFS monovalent cation binding sites and thermostability of N10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase from Moorella thermoacetica.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cations, Monovalent; Cesium; Clostridium; Crystallography, X-Ray; Enzyme Stability; Formate-Tetrahydrofolate Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Potassium; Protein Denaturation; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Thermodynamics | 2000 |
Fourier transform infrared evidence of proton uptake by glutamate L212 upon reduction of the secondary quinone QB in the photosynthetic reaction center from Rhodobacter capsulatus.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Deuterium Oxide; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Light; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oxidation-Reduction; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Protein Conformation; Protons; Quinones; Rhodobacter capsulatus; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Water | 2000 |
Proton MR spectroscopy of the brain in patients treated with TIPS.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain Chemistry; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Inositol; Liver Function Tests; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic | 2000 |
NMR spectroscopic study on the metabolic fate of [3-(13)C]alanine in astrocytes, neurons, and cocultures: implications for glia-neuron interactions in neurotransmitter metabolism.
Topics: Acetyl Coenzyme A; Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Communication; Cells, Cultured; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Protein Transport; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2000 |
Abnormal brain chemistry in chronic back pain: an in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Aspartic Acid; Back Pain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Chronic Disease; Creatine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Thalamus | 2000 |
Helium-oxygen pressure induces striatal glutamate increase: a microdialysis study in freely-moving rats.
Topics: Animals; Atmospheric Pressure; Benzazepines; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Helium; High Pressure Neurological Syndrome; Male; Microdialysis; Motor Activity; Oxygen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sulpiride | 2001 |
Relationship between NO synthesis, arginine transport, and intracellular arginine levels in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Cells, Cultured; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Interleukin-1; Lysine; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nitric Oxide; Nitrites; Ornithine; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans | 2000 |
Basal ganglia metabolite concentrations in idiopathic Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple System Atrophy; Parkinson Disease; Pilot Projects; Reference Values | 2000 |
Free glutamine and glutamic acid increase in human milk through a three-month lactation period.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colostrum; Female; Fluorometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Growth; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lactation; Longitudinal Studies; Milk, Human; Time Factors | 2000 |
Redistribution of neuroactive amino acids in hippocampus and striatum during hypoglycemia: a quantitative immunogold study.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Hypoglycemia; Immunohistochemistry; Insulin; Microscopy, Immunoelectron; Nerve Endings; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reference Values | 2001 |
Net amino acid flux across the fetal liver and placenta during spontaneous ovine parturition.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Transport; Dexamethasone; Female; Fetal Blood; Glucocorticoids; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrocortisone; Labor, Induced; Labor, Obstetric; Lactic Acid; Liver; Placenta; Pregnancy; Sheep | 2001 |
Site-directed mutagenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase at amino acid position 138.
Topics: Alanine; Anti-HIV Agents; Aspartic Acid; Cell Line; Deoxyguanine Nucleotides; Dideoxynucleotides; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HIV Reverse Transcriptase; HIV-1; Humans; Lysine; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Nucleosides; Phenylalanine; Recombination, Genetic; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; Spiro Compounds; Thymidine; Tyrosine; Uridine | 2001 |
In vivo (13)C NMR measurement of neurotransmitter glutamate cycling, anaplerosis and TCA cycle flux in rat brain during.
Topics: Acetates; Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Blood Glucose; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Hyperammonemia; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Theoretical; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2001 |
Essential role of Glu-C66 for menaquinol oxidation indicates transmembrane electrochemical potential generation by Wolinella succinogenes fumarate reductase.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Crystallography, X-Ray; Electrochemistry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Naphthols; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Conformation; Protein Subunits; Recombinant Proteins; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Terpenes; Wolinella | 2000 |
Structural basis for anticodon recognition by discriminating glutamyl-tRNA synthetase.
Topics: Anticodon; Binding Sites; Crystallography, X-Ray; Evolution, Molecular; Glutamate-tRNA Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Point Mutation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; RNA, Transfer, Glu; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Thermus thermophilus | 2001 |
[Effects of glutamine on the release of glutamate in rat hippocampal slices].
Topics: Animals; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2000 |
The role for an invariant aspartic acid in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferases is examined using saturation mutagenesis, functional analysis, and X-ray crystallography.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Crystallography, X-Ray; Enzyme Activation; Escherichia coli; Genetic Complementation Test; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Plasmodium falciparum; Recombinant Proteins; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity | 2001 |
Factors that control the reactivity of the interface cysteine of triosephosphate isomerase from Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Cysteine; Dimerization; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leishmania mexicana; Methyl Methanesulfonate; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Peptide Fragments; Proline; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Triose-Phosphate Isomerase; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2001 |
Nitrogen shuttling between neurons and glial cells during glutamate synthesis.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Bicarbonates; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Radioisotopes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Keto Acids; Models, Chemical; Models, Neurological; Neuroglia; Neurons; Nitrogen; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Pyruvates; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retina | 2001 |
Decreased glutamate + glutamine in Alzheimer's disease detected in vivo with (1)H-MRS at 0.5 T.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Protons | 2001 |
Regulation of mitochondrial glutamine/glutamate metabolism by glutamate transport: studies with (15)N.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cell Line; Cytosol; Extracellular Space; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Intracellular Fluid; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Kinetics; Mitochondria; Models, Chemical; Nitrogen Isotopes; Stereoisomerism | 2001 |
In vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic measurement of brain glycine levels in nonketotic hyperglycinemia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Choline; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Creatine; Follow-Up Studies; Genes, Recessive; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Hyperglycinemia, Nonketotic; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male | 2001 |
Site-directed mutagenesis of human membrane-associated ganglioside sialidase: identification of amino-acid residues contributing to substrate specificity.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Animals; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Blotting, Western; Cell Membrane; COS Cells; Gangliosides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Neuraminidase; Rats; Salmonella typhimurium; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Substrate Specificity; Temperature; Transfection | 2001 |
Increases in cortical glutamate concentrations in transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice are attenuated by creatine supplementation.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Body Weight; Brain Chemistry; Creatine; Dicarboxylic Acids; Disease Models, Animal; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Microdialysis; Motor Activity; Motor Neuron Disease; N-Methylaspartate; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Oxidative Stress; Psychomotor Performance; Pyrrolidines; Superoxide Dismutase | 2001 |
Formation of a new buried charge drives a large-amplitude protein quake in photoreceptor activation.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Coumaric Acids; Crystallization; Crystallography, X-Ray; Energy Transfer; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Photoreceptors, Microbial; Propionates; Protein Conformation; Protons; Static Electricity; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thermodynamics | 2001 |
Structures of the acyl-enzyme complexes of the Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactamase mutant Glu166Asp:Asn170Gln with benzylpenicillin and cephaloridine.
Topics: Acylation; Amino Acid Substitution; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; beta-Lactamases; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Cephaloridine; Crystallization; Crystallography, X-Ray; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Macromolecular Substances; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Penicillin G; Staphylococcus aureus; Substrate Specificity | 2001 |
13C isotopomer analysis of glucose and alanine metabolism reveals cytosolic pyruvate compartmentation as part of energy metabolism in astrocytes.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Compartmentation; Cell Extracts; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Cytosol; Energy Metabolism; Enzymes; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2001 |
Thermodynamics of metal ion binding. 2. Metal ion binding by carbonic anhydrase variants.
Topics: Asparagine; Binding Sites; Calorimetry; Carbonic Anhydrases; Cations, Divalent; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Ligands; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Binding; Thermodynamics; Zinc | 2001 |
Substitution of murine ferrochelatase glutamate-287 with glutamine or alanine leads to porphyrin substrate-bound variants.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Catalytic Domain; Conserved Sequence; Ferrochelatase; Genetic Variation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Porphyrins; Protoporphyrins | 2001 |
Insulin-like growth factor-I stimulates amino acid transport in a glutamine-deprived human neuroblastoma cell line.
Topics: Amino Acids; beta-Alanine; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Division; Cycloheximide; DNA, Neoplasm; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Leucine; Neoplasm Proteins; Neuroblastoma; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2001 |
Stabilization of apoflavodoxin by replacing hydrogen-bonded charged Asp or Glu residues by the neutral isosteric Asn or Gln.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Anabaena; Apoproteins; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Circular Dichroism; Cyanobacteria; Flavodoxin; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Urea | 2001 |
The effect of thiopental on glutamate metabolism in mouse cerebellar astrocytes in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Extracts; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Citric Acid Cycle; Culture Media; Drug Combinations; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Thiopental | 2001 |
Latent specificity of molecular recognition in sodium channels engineered to discriminate between two "indistinguishable" mu-conotoxins.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Conotoxins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lysine; Membrane Potentials; Molecular Sequence Data; Mollusk Venoms; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Protein Binding; Rats; Sodium Channel Blockers; Sodium Channels; Thermodynamics | 2001 |
Glutamate-glutamine cycle and aging in striatum of the awake rat: effects of a glutamate transporter blocker.
Topics: Aging; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Corpus Striatum; Dicarboxylic Acids; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2001 |
Beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene variation and hypertension in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Arginine; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 | 2001 |
Active site residues of glutamate racemase.
Topics: Amino Acid Isomerases; Amino Acid Sequence; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Deuterium; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Alignment | 2001 |
Folate activation and catalysis in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli: roles for aspartate 120 and glutamate 28.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Catalysis; Enzyme Activation; Escherichia coli; Folic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (NAD+); Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; NAD; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases; Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; Spectrophotometry; Vitamin K | 2001 |
Investigating the role of histidine 157 in the catalytic activity of human cytomegalovirus protease.
Topics: Alanine; Binding Sites; Catalytic Domain; Conserved Sequence; Crystallization; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cytomegalovirus; Dimerization; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Humans; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride; Protease Inhibitors; Serine; Serine Endopeptidases; Solvents | 2001 |
The structures of anthranilate synthase of Serratia marcescens crystallized in the presence of (i) its substrates, chorismate and glutamine, and a product, glutamate, and (ii) its end-product inhibitor, L-tryptophan.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Anthranilate Synthase; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Chorismic Acid; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cyclohexenes; DNA, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lyases; Molecular Sequence Data; Nitrogenous Group Transferases; Oligopeptides; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Protein Structure, Secondary; Serratia marcescens; Substrate Specificity; Tryptophan | 2001 |
[1-13C]glucose MRS in chronic hepatic encephalopathy in man.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Synaptic Transmission | 2001 |
Common variants in the beta2-(Gln27Glu) and beta3-(Trp64Arg)--adrenoceptor genes are associated with elevated serum NEFA concentrations and type II diabetes.
Topics: Alleles; Amino Acid Substitution; Arginine; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homozygote; Humans; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Nuclear Family; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; Reference Values; Sweden; Triglycerides; Tryptophan; White People | 2001 |
Identification of the proton pathway in bacterial reaction centers: cooperation between Asp-M17 and Asp-L210 facilitates proton transfer to the secondary quinone (QB).
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Benzoquinones; Electron Transport; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Peptides; Photolysis; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Protons; Rhodobacter sphaeroides; Static Electricity | 2001 |
The influence of the buried glutamine or glutamate residue in position 6 on the structure of immunoglobulin variable domains.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antigens; Binding Sites, Antibody; Consensus Sequence; Crystallography, X-Ray; Databases as Topic; Dimerization; Germ-Line Mutation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Immunoglobulin Variable Region; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Conformation; Protein Engineering; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Sequence Alignment; Software; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2001 |
Catalytic acid-base groups in yeast pyruvate decarboxylase. 1. Site-directed mutagenesis and steady-state kinetic studies on the enzyme with the D28A, H114F, H115F, and E477Q substitutions.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Dioxide; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Recombinant; Enzyme Activation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Phenylalanine; Pyruvate Decarboxylase; Recombinant Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Substrate Specificity; Thiamine Pyrophosphate | 2001 |
Catalytic acid-base groups in yeast pyruvate decarboxylase. 2. Insights into the specific roles of D28 and E477 from the rates and stereospecificity of formation of carboligase side products.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Acetoin; Acetolactate Synthase; Alanine; Aspartic Acid; Catalytic Domain; Circular Dichroism; Decarboxylation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lactates; Pyruvate Decarboxylase; Pyruvic Acid; Recombinant Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Stereoisomerism; Substrate Specificity | 2001 |
Catalytic acid-base groups in yeast pyruvate decarboxylase. 3. A steady-state kinetic model consistent with the behavior of both wild-type and variant enzymes at all relevant pH values.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Catalytic Domain; Computer Simulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Models, Chemical; Pyruvate Decarboxylase; Pyruvates; Recombinant Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Substrate Specificity | 2001 |
1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rat: longitudinal metabolic changes in ischemic core and rim.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain Ischemia; Caudate Nucleus; Circle of Willis; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Ligation; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Necrosis; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Somatosensory Cortex; Time Factors | 2001 |
Alternate cadmium exposure differentially affects amino acid metabolism within the hypothalamus, median eminence, striatum and prefrontal cortex of male rats.
Topics: Aging; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cadmium; Corpus Striatum; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypothalamus; Male; Median Eminence; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reference Values | 2001 |
Glutamate 170 of human l-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase is required for proper orientation of the catalytic histidine and structural integrity of the enzyme.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Humans; Hydrogen; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Models, Chemical; Models, Molecular; Protein Binding; Time Factors | 2001 |
Methylmercury has a selective effect on mitochondria in cultured astrocytes in the presence of [U-(13)C]glutamate.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Mercury Poisoning, Nervous System; Methylmercury Compounds; Mitochondria; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2001 |
Sirolimus, but not the structurally related RAD (everolimus), enhances the negative effects of cyclosporine on mitochondrial metabolism in the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Body Weight; Brain; Cyclosporine; Drug Synergism; Everolimus; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunosuppressive Agents; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mitochondria; Oxaloacetic Acid; Phosphates; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sirolimus; Weight Gain | 2001 |
High glycolytic activity in rat glioma demonstrated in vivo by correlation peak 1H magnetic resonance imaging.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Ethanolamines; Female; Glioma; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2001 |
Serotonin depletion produces long lasting increase in striatal glutamatergic transmission.
Topics: 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Excitatory Amino Acids; Extracellular Space; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; In Situ Hybridization; Microdialysis; Microinjections; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Serotonin; Serotonin Agents; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptosomes; Transcription, Genetic | 2001 |
Low-temperature Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of photoactive yellow protein.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Coumaric Acids; Deuterium; Freezing; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Halorhodospira halophila; Light; Photochemistry; Photoreceptors, Microbial; Propionates; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared | 2001 |
Crystal structures of amylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea in complex with D-glucose and the active site mutant Glu328Gln in complex with the natural substrate sucrose.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Binding Sites; Carbohydrate Conformation; Crystallization; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glucose; Glucosyltransferases; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen Bonding; Ligands; Macromolecular Substances; Models, Molecular; Neisseria; Point Mutation; Substrate Specificity; Sucrose | 2001 |
Volume correction for edema in single-volume proton MR spectroscopy of contrast-enhancing multiple sclerosis lesions.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Contrast Media; Creatine; Edema; Female; Gadolinium DTPA; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Regression Analysis; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | 2001 |
Restoration of motion-related signal loss and line-shape deterioration of proton MR spectra using the residual water as intrinsic reference.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatinine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Movement; Phantoms, Imaging; Protons; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Water | 2001 |
A novel protein involved in the functional assembly of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Calcium; Chlorides; Cyanobacteria; Genetic Complementation Test; Genome, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Open Reading Frames; Oxygen; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Photosystem II Protein Complex; Restriction Mapping; Sequence Deletion; Transcription, Genetic | 2001 |
The glutamine/glutamate couplet and cellular function.
Topics: Acidosis; Animals; Cell Physiological Phenomena; Chromans; Cytosol; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Troglitazone | 2001 |
A program of Yersinia enterocolitica type III secretion reactions is activated by specific signals.
Topics: Albumins; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Calcium; Genes, Regulator; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HeLa Cells; Humans; Mutation; Signal Transduction; Yersinia enterocolitica | 2001 |
Multiple compartments with different metabolic characteristics are involved in biosynthesis of intracellular and released glutamine and citrate in astrocytes.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Compartmentation; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Citric Acid; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intracellular Fluid; Lactic Acid; Mice; Pyruvic Acid | 2001 |
beta-Ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase I of Escherichia coli: aspects of the condensation mechanism revealed by analyses of mutations in the active site pocket.
Topics: 3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Carboxy-Lyases; Catalysis; Chromatography; Cysteine; DNA; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isoenzymes; Lysine; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Myristic Acid; Plasmids; Protein Binding; Recombinant Proteins | 2001 |
Regulation of glutamate transport and transport proteins in a placental cell line.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; beta-Alanine; Biological Transport; Biotinylation; Carrier Proteins; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Choline; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Female; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Humans; Kinetics; Leucine; Placenta; Pregnancy; Rats; Symporters | 2001 |
High-resolution magic angle spinning 1H-NMR spectroscopy studies on the renal biochemistry in the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and the effects of arsenic (As3+) toxicity.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Arsenic; Arvicolinae; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Muridae; Necrosis; Phosphorylcholine; Species Specificity | 2001 |
Dissecting the electrostatic interactions and pH-dependent activity of a family 11 glycosidase.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Bacillus; Binding Sites; Cloning, Molecular; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycosylation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Recombinant Proteins; Static Electricity; Thermodynamics; Xylan Endo-1,3-beta-Xylosidase; Xylosidases | 2001 |
Influence of Glu-376 --> Gln mutation on enthalpy and heat capacity changes for the binding of slightly altered ligands to medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.
Topics: Acyl Coenzyme A; Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase; Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases; Animals; Calorimetry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ligands; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Protein Binding; Solvents; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Swine; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Water | 2001 |
Glutamate is not a major conveyer of ATP-sensitive K+ channel-independent glucose action in pancreatic islet beta cell.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium; Exocytosis; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Potassium; Potassium Channels; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2001 |
Nitrogen recycling during phenylpropanoid metabolism in sweet potato tubers.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Darkness; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Indans; Light; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Isotopes; Phenylalanine; Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase; Plant Stems; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Solanaceae; Time Factors; Tyrosine | 1998 |
The distinct roles that Gln-192 and Glu-217 of factor IX play in selectivity for macromolecular substrates and inhibitors.
Topics: Antithrombin III; Blood Coagulation; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Factor IX; Factor IXa; Factor VIIIa; Factor X; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrolysis; Models, Chemical; Mutagenesis; Mutation; Neoplasm Proteins; Peptides; Plant Proteins; Serine Endopeptidases; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; Serpins; Substrate Specificity; Trypsin Inhibitors | 2001 |
Differentiation-associated Na+-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter (DNPI) is a vesicular glutamate transporter in endocrine glutamatergic systems.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Blotting, Northern; Calcium; Carrier Proteins; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; COS Cells; DNA, Complementary; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunoblotting; Immunohistochemistry; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Neurons; Pineal Gland; Protein Binding; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sodium; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2; Vesicular Transport Proteins | 2001 |
Synthesis and release of N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) by crayfish nerve fibers: implications for axon-glia signaling.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astacoidea; Axons; Carbon Radioisotopes; Carboxypeptidases; Cell Communication; Culture Media; Cytoplasm; Dipeptides; Electric Stimulation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nervous System; Neuroglia; Organ Culture Techniques; Quisqualic Acid; Signal Transduction; Tritium | 2001 |
Role of glutamine synthetase in nitrogen metabolite repression in Aspergillus nidulans.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Anabaena; Aspergillus nidulans; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Complementation Test; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Nitrogen; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Signal Transduction | 2001 |
Decrease in GABA synthesis rate in rat cortex following GABA-transaminase inhibition correlates with the decrease in GAD(67) protein.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cerebral Cortex; Down-Regulation; Enzyme Inhibitors; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Male; Neurons; Protein Isoforms; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vigabatrin | 2001 |
Amino acid metabolism of bovine blastocysts derived from parthenogenetically activated or in vitro fertilized oocytes.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Asparagine; Blastocyst; Cattle; Cryopreservation; Culture Techniques; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Oocytes; Parthenogenesis; Serine | 1998 |
Increased glutamate, GABA and glutamine in lateral geniculate nucleus but not in medial geniculate nucleus caused by visual attention to novelty.
Topics: Animals; Attention; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Geniculate Bodies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei; Neural Inhibition; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Synaptic Transmission; Visual Cortex; Visual Pathways; Visual Perception | 2001 |
Synthesis and biochemical characterization of a phosphorylated analogue of the response regulator CheB.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Bacterial Proteins; Catalytic Domain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cysteine; Escherichia coli; Esterases; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnesium; Mass Spectrometry; Methylation; Models, Chemical; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Phosphates; Phosphorylation; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Signal Transduction; Time Factors | 2001 |
Aldrin-induced stimulation of locomotor activity and brain regional glutamate.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Aldrin; Animals; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insecticides; Male; Motor Activity; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2001 |
Limited heat-shock protein 72 induction in Caco-2 cells by L-glutamine.
Topics: Alanine; Blotting, Western; Caco-2 Cells; Densitometry; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Heat-Shock Proteins; Hot Temperature; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Luminescent Measurements; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid | 2001 |
Glutamine is the major precursor for GABA synthesis in rat neocortex in vivo following acute GABA-transaminase inhibition.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Astrocytes; Blood Glucose; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Energy Metabolism; Enzyme Inhibitors; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isotope Labeling; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neocortex; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2001 |
Regulation of phototransduction in short-wavelength cone visual pigments via the retinylidene Schiff base counterion.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cattle; COS Cells; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protons; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells; Retinaldehyde; Retinoids; Rod Opsins; Schiff Bases; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Static Electricity; Vision, Ocular; Xenopus | 2001 |
Simultaneous replacement of Asp-L210 and Asp-M17 with Asn increases proton uptake by Glu-L212 upon first electron transfer to QB in reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Deuterium Oxide; Electron Transport; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Protons; Quinones; Rhodobacter sphaeroides; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared | 2001 |
Beta-amyloid fibrils activate the C1 complex of complement under physiological conditions: evidence for a binding site for A beta on the C1q globular regions.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Complement C1; Complement C1q; Complement Pathway, Classical; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptide Fragments; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Rats | 2001 |
Bacillus subtilis glutamine synthetase controls gene expression through a protein-protein interaction with transcription factor TnrA.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Consensus Sequence; DNA, Bacterial; Feedback; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Nitrogen; Protein Binding; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Repressor Proteins; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Signal Transduction; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic | 2001 |
Chronic hepatitis: in vivo proton MR spectroscopic evaluation of the liver and correlation with histopathologic findings.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biopsy; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Lipids; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphates | 2001 |
Specificity of the interactions between Glu-3, Ser-24, and Gln-30 within the N-terminal segment of rat liver mitochondrial overt carnitine palmitoyltransferase (L-CPT I) in determining the malonyl-CoA sensitivity of the enzyme.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; DNA Primers; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Malonyl Coenzyme A; Mitochondria, Liver; Palmitoyl Coenzyme A; Peptide Fragments; Pichia; Plasmids; Point Mutation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Serine | 2001 |
Decreased plasma and cerebrospinal fluid glutamine concentrations in a patient with bialaphos poisoning.
Topics: Adult; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Herbicides; Humans; Japan; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphorus Compounds; Renal Dialysis; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Seizures; Unconsciousness | 2001 |
Troglitazone inhibits glutamine metabolism in rat mesangial cells.
Topics: Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Chromans; Collagen; Deamination; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glomerular Mesangium; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycosaminoglycans; Male; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Troglitazone | 2002 |
Differences in neurotransmitter synthesis and intermediary metabolism between glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons during 4 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat: the role of astrocytes in neuronal survival.
Topics: Acetate-CoA Ligase; Alanine; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Blood Glucose; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Communication; Cell Survival; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Isoflurane; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neostriatum; Neurons; Parietal Lobe; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2001 |
The first in vivo observation of (13)C-(15)N coupling in mammalian brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Nitrogen Isotopes; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2001 |
Coupled and uncoupled proton movement by amino acid transport system N.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems; Animals; Astrocytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ion Channel Gating; Protons; Xenopus | 2001 |
Effect of glutamine and GABA on [U-(13)C]glutamate metabolism in cerebellar astrocytes and granule neurons.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Extracts; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Citric Acid Cycle; Drug Interactions; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Mice; Neurons; Synaptic Transmission | 2001 |
Mechanisms underlying the nociception and paw oedema caused by injection of glutamate into the mouse paw.
Topics: Animals; Azo Compounds; Coloring Agents; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Edema; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Extremities; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Donors; Nitrites; Nitroarginine; Nociceptors; Penicillamine; Quinoxalines; Trypan Blue | 2002 |
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and glutathione biosynthesis in non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic rat liver oval cell lines.
Topics: Aminopeptidases; Animals; Cell Division; Cell Line; Cystine; Enzyme Inhibitors; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Kinetics; Liver; Rats; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2001 |
Novel 1-hydroxyazole bioisosteres of glutamic acid. Synthesis, protolytic properties, and pharmacology.
Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Azoles; Brain; Carrier Proteins; CHO Cells; COS Cells; Cricetinae; Electrophysiology; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Models, Molecular; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Structure-Activity Relationship; Synaptosomes | 2002 |
Specificity determining residues in ammonia- and glutamine-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthetases.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Allosteric Site; Amino Acid Sequence; Ammonia; Animals; Binding Sites; Blotting, Western; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia); Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing); Cysteine; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Leucine; Lysine; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Plasmids; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Ranidae; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Substrate Specificity | 2002 |
Association of beta2-adrenoceptor Gln27Glu variant with body weight but not hypertension.
Topics: Body Weight; Case-Control Studies; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5; Cohort Studies; Genetic Markers; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypertension; Obesity; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Risk Factors | 2001 |
Molecular phenotyping of retinal ganglion cells.
Topics: Agmatine; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cell Count; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Image Cytometry; Immunohistochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Phenotype; Rabbits; Receptors, Glutamate; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Signal Transduction; Taurine | 2002 |
Taurine, glutamine, glutamate, and aspartate content and efflux, and cell volume of cerebrocortical minislices of rats with hepatic encephalopathy: influence of ammonia.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cell Size; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Taurine | 2000 |
Intracellular sensing of amino acids in Xenopus laevis oocytes stimulates p70 S6 kinase in a target of rapamycin-dependent manner.
Topics: Alanine; Alcohols; Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acids; Animals; Blotting, Western; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Leucine; Oocytes; Phosphorylation; Protein Binding; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; Signal Transduction; Sirolimus; Time Factors; Tryptophan; Xenopus laevis | 2002 |
Localization and functional relevance of system a neutral amino acid transporters in cultured hippocampal neurons.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System A; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Animals; Astrocytes; Blotting, Western; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Electrophysiology; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Immunoblotting; Immunohistochemistry; Neuroglia; Neurons; Rats; Time Factors | 2002 |
Cytosolic glutamine synthetase in soybean is encoded by a multigene family, and the members are regulated in an organ-specific and developmental manner.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Ammonia; Blotting, Southern; Cotyledon; Cytosol; DNA, Complementary; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine max; Isoenzymes; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; Plant Structures; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Seeds; Sequence Analysis, DNA; TATA Box | 2002 |
A vibrational spectroscopic investigation of interactions of agonists with GluR0, a prokaryotic glutamate receptor.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Carboxylic Acids; Cyanobacteria; Deuterium Oxide; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen Bonding; Ligands; Potassium Channels; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Receptors, Glutamate; Serine; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Static Electricity; Vibration | 2002 |
Alterations in brain metabolism, CNS morphology and CSF dynamics in adult rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebrospinal Fluid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hydrocephalus; Intracranial Pressure; Kaolin; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Syringomyelia | 2002 |
Nitrogen metabolism and excretion in the mangrove killifish Rivulus marmoratus II. Significant ammonia volatilization in a teleost during air-exposure.
Topics: Air; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Arginase; Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases; Fundulidae; Gills; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nitrogen; Ornithine; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Urea; Volatilization | 2002 |
Rapid determination of underivatized pyroglutamic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine and other relevant amino acids in fermentation media by LC-MS-MS.
Topics: Amino Acids; Bioreactors; Chromatography, Liquid; Corynebacterium; Culture Media; Fermentation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mass Spectrometry; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid | 2002 |
Tricarboxylic acid cycle of glia in the in vivo human brain.
Topics: Acetates; Adult; Bicarbonates; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; Epilepsy; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroglia; Oxidation-Reduction; Valproic Acid | 2002 |
Arabidopsis glt1-T mutant defines a role for NADH-GOGAT in the non-photorespiratory ammonium assimilatory pathway.
Topics: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Amino Acids; Arabidopsis; Carbon Dioxide; Chlorophyll; DNA, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Glutamate Synthase (NADH); Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Light; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Mutation; Oxygen Consumption; Phenotype; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; RNA, Messenger | 2002 |
Biosensor arrays for simultaneous measurement of glucose, lactate, glutamate, and glutamine.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Enzymes, Immobilized; Equipment Design; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Membranes, Artificial; Microelectrodes; Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate | 2002 |
Alteration of glutamate receptors in the striatum of dyskinetic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated monkeys following dopamine agonist treatment.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Benzazepines; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Agonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Macaca fascicularis; Ovariectomy; Parkinsonian Disorders; Receptors, Glutamate; Reference Values | 2002 |
Plasma glutamine and glutamate concentrations in Gabonese children with Plasmodium falciparum infection.
Topics: Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Child, Preschool; Female; Gabon; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Prospective Studies | 2002 |
Long-term effects of light damage on the retina of albino and pigmented rats.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Aspartic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Light; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Rats, Wistar; Retina; Retinal Degeneration; Taurine; Vitreous Body | 2002 |
The fate of [U-(13)C]palmitate extracted by skeletal muscle in subjects with type 2 diabetes and control subjects.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Arteries; Blood Flow Velocity; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Isoproterenol; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidation-Reduction; Palmitic Acid | 2002 |
Analysis of taste-active compounds in an enzymatic hydrolysate of deamidated wheat gluten.
Topics: Adult; Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Endopeptidases; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Glutens; Humans; Hydrolysis; Middle Aged; Oligopeptides; Taste; Triticum | 2002 |
Regional muscle and adipose tissue amino acid metabolism in lean and obese women.
Topics: Abdomen; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Alanine; Amino Acids; Arteries; Body Composition; Body Constitution; Body Mass Index; Fasting; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Leucine; Muscle, Skeletal; Obesity; Proteins; Veins | 2002 |
The ubiquitously expressed DNA-binding protein late SV40 factor binds Ig switch regions and represses class switching to IgA.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Base Sequence; Binding Sites, Antibody; Cell Line; Chromatin; DNA-Binding Proteins; Gene Silencing; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin alpha-Chains; Immunoglobulin Class Switching; Immunoglobulin mu-Chains; Immunoglobulin Switch Region; Leucine; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Lysine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Molecular Sequence Data; Repressor Proteins; RNA-Binding Proteins; Spleen; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2002 |
Amino acid concentrations in the blood of the jugular vein and peripheral artery after traumatic brain injury: decreased release of glutamate into the jugular vein in the early phase.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amino Acids; Arteries; Aspartic Acid; Brain Injuries; Cystine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Jugular Veins; Male; Middle Aged | 2002 |
A comparison in normal individuals and sickle cell patients of reduced glutathione precursors and their transport between plasma and red cells.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acid Transport System ASC; Amino Acid Transport System L; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Biological Transport; Carbon Monoxide; Cysteine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Erythrocytes; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Glycine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxygen; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein Kinases; Serine; Staurosporine | 2000 |
Proton MR spectroscopic study at 3 Tesla on glutamate/glutamine in Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Reference Values; Tissue Distribution | 2002 |
Effects of L-glutamate transport inhibition by a conformationally restricted glutamate analogue (2S,1'S,2'R)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (L-CCG III) on metabolism in brain tissue in vitro analysed by NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Cortex; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Conformation; Oocytes; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Pyruvic Acid; Xenopus laevis | 2002 |
Ammonia-induced extracellular accumulation of taurine in the rat striatum in vivo: role of ionotropic glutamate receptors.
Topics: 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Microdialysis; Quinoxalines; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Taurine | 2002 |
Metabolic compartmentation in cortical synaptosomes: influence of glucose and preferential incorporation of endogenous glutamate into GABA.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; Drug Synergism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoglycemia; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes | 2002 |
Beyond the proton abstracting role of Glu-376 in medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase: influence of Glu-376-->Gln substitution on ligand binding and catalysis.
Topics: Acyl Coenzyme A; Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase; Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isomerism; Kinetics; Ligands; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Conformation; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrometry, Fluorescence | 2002 |
Photorespiration-dependent increases in phospho enolpyruvate carboxylase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase in transformed tobacco plants deficient in ferredoxin-dependent glutamine-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase.
Topics: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbon; Cytosol; Enzymes; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Ketoglutaric Acids; Mitochondria; Nicotiana; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase; Photosynthesis; Plant Leaves; Plants, Genetically Modified; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase; Signal Transduction | 2002 |
Increase in amino acids in the pons after sleep deprivation: a pilot study using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Depressive Disorder; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Pons; Protons; Sleep Deprivation | 2002 |
Impact of oral L-glutamine on glutathione, glutamine, and glutamate blood levels in volunteers.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Antioxidants; Circadian Rhythm; Dietary Supplements; Erythrocytes; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Isomerism; Male | 2002 |
Aspartate aminotransferase isotope exchange reactions: implications for glutamate/glutamine shuttle hypothesis.
Topics: Alkalies; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspartic Acid; Catalysis; Citric Acid Cycle; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Malate Dehydrogenase; Oxaloacetic Acid; Tritium | 2002 |
The TOR-controlled transcription activators GLN3, RTG1, and RTG3 are regulated in response to intracellular levels of glutamine.
Topics: Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; Carrier Proteins; Cation Transport Proteins; DNA-Binding Proteins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fungal Proteins; Gene Expression; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intracellular Fluid; Methionine Sulfoximine; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); Repressor Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Signal Transduction; Trans-Activators; Transcription Factors | 2002 |
Plasma lysine concentration and availability of 2-ketoglutarate in liver mitochondria.
Topics: Alanine; Biological Availability; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Ketoglutaric Acids; Lysine; Mitochondria, Liver | 2002 |
Alterations of amino acids and monoamine metabolism in male Fmr1 knockout mice: a putative animal model of the human fragile X mental retardation syndrome.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Aging; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Stem; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein; Fragile X Syndrome; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Homovanillic Acid; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Intellectual Disability; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Models, Animal; Nerve Tissue Proteins; RNA-Binding Proteins; Serotonin; Taurine; Thalamus | 2001 |
The anaplerotic substrate alanine stimulates acetate incorporation into glutamate and glutamine in rabbit kidney tubules. A (13)C NMR study.
Topics: Acetates; Alanine; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kidney Tubules; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Rabbits | 2002 |
Enthalpic homogeneous pair interaction coefficients of L-alpha-amino acids as a hydrophobicity parameter of amino acid side chains.
Topics: Amino Acids; Arginine; Asparagine; Calorimetry; Cysteine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Solutions; Stereoisomerism; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan; Water | 2002 |
Redox-coupled proton pumping activity in cytochrome b6f, as evidenced by the pH dependence of electron transfer in whole cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
Topics: Animals; Catalysis; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; Cytochrome b Group; Cytochrome b6f Complex; Electron Transport; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lysine; Models, Chemical; Oxidation-Reduction; Plastoquinone; Proton Pumps; Protons | 2002 |
Glutamine concentration and tissue exchange with intravenously administered alpha-ketoglutaric acid and ammonium: a dose-response study in the pig.
Topics: Acidosis; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Injections, Intravenous; Ketoglutaric Acids; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Random Allocation; Splanchnic Circulation; Swine; Urea; Viscera | 2002 |
Phosphorylation of three regulatory serines of Tob by Erk1 and Erk2 is required for Ras-mediated cell proliferation and transformation.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Alanine; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Cell Cycle; Cell Division; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cyclin D1; Enzyme Inhibitors; Flavonoids; G1 Phase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione Transferase; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Mice; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Peptide Mapping; Phosphorylation; Phosphoserine; Plasmids; Protein Structure, Tertiary; ras Proteins; Resting Phase, Cell Cycle; S Phase; Serine; Time Factors; Transfection | 2002 |
Cell-specific expression of the glutamine transporter SN1 suggests differences in dependence on the glutamine cycle.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Animals; Astrocytes; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Kidney; Liver; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Microscopy, Electron; Neurons; Oligodendroglia; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synapses; Tissue Distribution | 2002 |
Properties of the recombinant ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase of Synechocystis PCC6803. Comparison with the Azospirillum brasilense NADPH-dependent enzyme and its isolated alpha subunit.
Topics: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Azospirillum brasilense; Catalysis; Cyanobacteria; Dithionite; Ferredoxins; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; NADP; Oxidation-Reduction; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry; Sulfites; Tetrazolium Salts; Titrimetry | 2002 |
Specific effects of chloride on the photocycle of E194Q and E204Q mutants of bacteriorhodopsin as measured by FTIR spectroscopy.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Bacteriorhodopsins; Chlorides; Freezing; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Light; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Potassium Chloride; Protons; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Water | 2002 |
gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase and glutathione biosynthesis in non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic rat liver oval cell lines.
Topics: Aminopeptidases; Animals; Cell Division; Cell Line; Cystine; Enzyme Inhibitors; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Kinetics; Liver; Rats; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2002 |
Modifications of alamethicin ion channels by substitution of Glu-7 for Gln-7.
Topics: Alamethicin; Amino Acid Sequence; Anions; Biophysical Phenomena; Biophysics; Chlorine; Electrophysiology; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ionophores; Ions; Lipid Bilayers; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptides; Potassium | 2002 |
Proton MR spectroscopy of neurometabolites in hepatic encephalopathy during L-ornithine-L-aspartate treatment--results of a pilot study.
Topics: Aged; Brain; Creatine; Dipeptides; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Treatment Outcome | 2002 |
Glutamate-glutamine cycling in the epileptic human hippocampus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carbon Isotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Epilepsy; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neurons | 2002 |
Monitoring of in vitro deamidation of gliadin peptic fragment by mass spectrometry may reflect one of the molecular mechanisms taking place in celiac disease development.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Celiac Disease; Gliadin; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; GTP-Binding Proteins; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Interleukin-10; Macrophage Activation; Molecular Sequence Data; Nitric Oxide; Oligopeptides; Peptide Fragments; Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Sequence Analysis, Protein; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Transglutaminases; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2002 |
Impaired glutamate transport and glutamate-glutamine cycling: downstream effects of the Huntington mutation.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Huntingtin Protein; Huntington Disease; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Microdialysis; Mutation; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nuclear Proteins | 2002 |
Mutations in the Bacillus subtilis glnRA operon that cause nitrogen source-dependent defects in regulation of TnrA activity.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; DNA-Binding Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mutation; Nitrogen; Operon; Phenotype; Repressor Proteins; Ribosomes; Trans-Activators; Transcription Factors | 2002 |
[2,4-13 C2 ]-beta-Hydroxybutyrate metabolism in human brain.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetyl Coenzyme A; Aspartic Acid; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketones; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurons; Oxidation-Reduction | 2002 |
Effects of nitrate pulses on BnNRT1 and BnNRT2 genes: mRNA levels and nitrate influx rates in relation to the duration of N deprivation in Brassica napus L.
Topics: Amino Acids; Anion Transport Proteins; Arabidopsis Proteins; Biological Transport, Active; Blotting, Northern; Brassica napus; Cloning, Molecular; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Nitrate Transporters; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Isotopes; Plant Proteins; Plant Roots; Plant Shoots; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction | 2002 |
Proteomic identification of oxidatively modified proteins in Alzheimer's disease brain. Part I: creatine kinase BB, glutamine synthase, and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L-1.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Blotting, Western; Brain Chemistry; Creatine Kinase; Creatine Kinase, BB Form; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Free Radicals; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Isoenzymes; Nerve Degeneration; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Oxidation-Reduction; Proteomics; Rosaniline Dyes; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Staining and Labeling; Thiolester Hydrolases; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase | 2002 |
Amino acid release from the rat oral pontine reticular nucleus across the sleep-wakefulness cycle.
Topics: Algorithms; Amino Acids; Animals; Arousal; Calcium; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Microdialysis; Perfusion; Pons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sleep; Sleep Stages; Sleep, REM; Time Factors; Wakefulness | 2000 |
Regulation of amino acid uptake in conifers by exogenous and endogenous nitrogen.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Amino Acids; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Azaserine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Methionine Sulfoximine; Nitrate Reductase; Nitrate Reductases; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Plant Roots; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Tracheophyta; Transaminases; Tungsten Compounds; Up-Regulation | 2002 |
Glu 103 Gln site-directed mutation causes an alteration in physical properties of spinach betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Topics: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Aldehydes; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Activation; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Plasmids; Sodium Chloride; Spinacia oleracea; Temperature | 2002 |
Extracellular glutamate in the brains of children with severe head injuries: a pilot microdialysis study.
Topics: Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Brain; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Craniocerebral Trauma; Extracellular Space; Female; Glasgow Coma Scale; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Microdialysis; Monitoring, Physiologic; Pilot Projects; Prognosis; Time Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tyrosine | 2002 |
Mutational, kinetic, and NMR studies of the mechanism of E. coli GDP-mannose mannosyl hydrolase, an unusual Nudix enzyme.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Arginine; Catalysis; DNA Mutational Analysis; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycoside Hydrolases; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lysine; Molecular Sequence Data; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Nudix Hydrolases; Osmolar Concentration; Protons; Pyrophosphatases; Temperature | 2002 |
Valproate-induced encephalopathy: assessment with MR imaging and 1H MR spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Choline; Creatine; Epilepsy; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Occipital Lobe; Valproic Acid | 2002 |
Proton MRS in Kennedy disease: absolute metabolite and macromolecular concentrations.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal; Pons | 2002 |
Two highly conserved glutamate residues critical for type III sodium-dependent phosphate transport revealed by uncoupling transport function from retroviral receptor function.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Biotinylation; Cell Line; Conserved Sequence; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lysine; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oocytes; Phosphates; Protein Folding; Receptors, Virus; Recombinant Proteins; Retroviridae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins; Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type III; Symporters; Transfection; Xenopus laevis | 2002 |
Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of protein amino acids on growth rate and efficiency of mixed ruminal bacteria.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Bacteria; Cattle; Cellobiose; Cysteine; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isoleucine; Leucine; Nitrogen; Phenylalanine; Rumen; Xylose | 2002 |
Localization and possible function of the glutamate transporter, EAAC1, in the rat retina.
Topics: Amacrine Cells; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Amino Acids; Animals; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Symporters; Synaptic Membranes; Synaptic Transmission | 2002 |
Photorespiratory NH(4)(+) production in leaves of wild-type and glutamine synthetase 2 antisense oilseed rape.
Topics: Ammonia; Antisense Elements (Genetics); Brassica napus; Carbon Dioxide; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Immunohistochemistry; Light; Microscopy, Electron; Models, Biological; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Photosynthesis; Plant Leaves; Plant Transpiration; Plants, Genetically Modified; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase; Serine; Temperature | 2002 |
Effect of a new injectable male contraceptive on the seminal plasma amino acids studied by proton NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amino Acids; Arginine; Contraceptive Agents, Male; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Injections; Isoleucine; Leucine; Lysine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Maleates; Polyesters; Polystyrenes; Semen; Styrenes; Valine; Vas Deferens | 2002 |
Role of glutamine and arginase in protection against ammonia-induced cell death in gastric epithelial cells.
Topics: Ammonia; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Arginase; Cell Death; Cell Line; Epithelial Cells; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Kinetics; Methylamines; Rats; Stomach; Urea; Vacuoles | 2002 |
Glial uptake of neurotransmitter glutamate from the extracellular fluid studied in vivo by microdialysis and (13)C NMR.
Topics: Acetates; Ammonia; Anesthesia; Animals; Body Fluid Compartments; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Isotopes; Extracellular Space; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Infusions, Intravenous; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Microdialysis; Neuroglia; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Wakefulness | 2002 |
Neuronal and glial metabolite content of the epileptogenic human hippocampus.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroglia; Neurons | 2002 |
Adult primitive neuroectodermal tumor: proton MR spectroscopic findings with possible application for differential diagnosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alanine; Astrocytoma; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glioblastoma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Middle Aged; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies | 2002 |
Glutamate and glutamine measured with 4.0 T proton MRS in never-treated patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers.
Topics: Adult; Dominance, Cerebral; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Reference Values; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Thalamus | 2002 |
Amino acids regulate the intracellular trafficking of the general amino acid permease of Saccharomycescerevisiae.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems; Amino Acids; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane; Culture Media; Gene Deletion; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Plasmids; Promoter Regions, Genetic; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 2002 |
Is the glutamate residue Glu-373 the proton acceptor of the excitatory amino acid carrier 1?
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ions; Kinetics; Linear Models; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Models, Biological; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Potassium; Rats; Retina; Symporters; Time Factors; Transfection | 2003 |
Block of glutamate-glutamine cycle between astrocytes and neurons inhibits epileptiform activity in hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Electrophysiology; Epilepsy; Extracellular Space; Fluorescent Dyes; Fura-2; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Membrane Potentials; Microscopy, Video; Neuroglia; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats | 2002 |
A maximal effort trial in obese women carrying the beta2-adrenoceptor Gln27Glu polymorphism.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Energy Metabolism; Exercise Test; Female; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Insulin; Obesity; Oxygen Consumption; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Statistics, Nonparametric | 2002 |
Excitatory amino acid release in the spinal cord caused by plantar incision in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Microdialysis; Pain, Postoperative; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serine; Spinal Cord | 2002 |
Location of the pteroylpolyglutamate-binding site on rabbit cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Cations; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cytosol; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase; Kinetics; Ligands; Lysine; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Pteroylpolyglutamic Acids; Rabbits | 2003 |
Gln27Glu polymorphism in the beta2 adrenergic receptor gene and lipid metabolism during exercise in obese women.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Body Mass Index; Exercise; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Middle Aged; Obesity; Oxygen Consumption; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 | 2002 |
Compartmentation of metabolism probed by [2-13C]alanine: improved 13C NMR sensitivity using a CryoProbe detects evidence of a glial metabolon.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Compartmentation; Citric Acid Cycle; Electronics; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuroglia; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2003 |
L-citrulline recycling by argininosuccinate synthetase and lyase in rat gastric fundus.
Topics: Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Argininosuccinate Lyase; Argininosuccinate Synthase; Argininosuccinic Acid; Aspartic Acid; Citrulline; Dinoprost; Electric Stimulation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gastric Fundus; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth; N-Methylaspartate; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Thiolester Hydrolases; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase | 2002 |
Catalytic mechanism of Cdc25.
Topics: Amides; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; cdc25 Phosphatases; Cell Cycle Proteins; Deuterium Oxide; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Naphthalenes; Organophosphorus Compounds; Solvents; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Substrate Specificity; Viscosity | 2002 |
Longitudinal pattern of glutamine/glutamate balance across the leg in long-stay intensive care unit patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amino Acids; APACHE; Critical Illness; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Organ Failure; Muscle, Skeletal; Phenylalanine | 2002 |
The pH dependence of CD2 domain 1 self-association and 15N chemical exchange broadening is correlated with the anomalous pKa of Glu41.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; CD2 Antigens; Cell Adhesion; Dimerization; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Chemical; Models, Molecular; Nitrogen Isotopes; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Rats; Thermodynamics | 2002 |
Influence of the protein environment on the properties of a tyrosyl radical in reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.
Topics: Arginine; Dimerization; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Free Radicals; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Rhodobacter sphaeroides; Spectrophotometry; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Tyrosine | 2002 |
Pre-steady-state kinetic studies on the Glu171Gln active site mutant of adenosylcobalamin-dependent glutamate mutase.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Binding Sites; Cobamides; Deuterium; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intramolecular Transferases; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; N-Methylaspartate; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Substrate Specificity | 2002 |
Detection of [1,6-13C2]-glucose metabolism in rat brain by in vivo 1H-[13C]-NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2003 |
Demonstration of pyruvate recycling in primary cultures of neocortical astrocytes but not in neurons.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Neocortex; Neurons; Pregnancy; Pyruvates | 2002 |
The unusual catalytic triad of poliovirus protease 3C.
Topics: 3C Viral Proteases; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Cysteine; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Deuterium; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Methionine; Models, Chemical; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Poliovirus; Serine; Solvents; Substrate Specificity; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Viral Proteins | 2003 |
Differential effects of glucose and glyburide on energetics and Na+ levels of betaHC9 cells: nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and respirometry studies.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cell Line; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glyburide; Islets of Langerhans; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mitochondria; Oxygen Consumption; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Sodium; Succinic Acid | 2003 |
Structural and biochemical studies of inhibitor binding to human cytomegalovirus protease.
Topics: Alanine; Arginine; Binding, Competitive; Crystallization; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cytomegalovirus; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Binding; Serine Endopeptidases; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; Structure-Activity Relationship; Water | 2003 |
Changes in stability upon charge reversal and neutralization substitution in staphylococcal nuclease are dominated by favorable electrostatic effects.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Aspartic Acid; Enzyme Stability; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guanidine; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lysine; Micrococcal Nuclease; Models, Chemical; Normal Distribution; Poisson Distribution; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Static Electricity; Surface Properties; Thermodynamics | 2003 |
Hippocampal region asymmetry assessed by 1H-MRS in rolandic epilepsy.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Child; Choline; Creatine; Dominance, Cerebral; Electroencephalography; Energy Metabolism; Epilepsy, Rolandic; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Reference Values | 2003 |
Role of glutamic acid 216 in cytochrome P450 2D6 substrate binding and catalysis.
Topics: Amines; Amino Acid Substitution; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; Ethanolamines; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydroxylation; Methylation; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Binding; Quinidine; Recombinant Proteins; Spiro Compounds; Static Electricity; Substrate Specificity; Sulfonamides; Tyramine | 2003 |
Fragmentation reactions of protonated peptides containing glutamine or glutamic acid.
Topics: Deuterium; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Oligopeptides; Protons; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization | 2003 |
Structural and biochemical exploration of a critical amino acid in human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Circular Dichroism; Crystallography, X-Ray; DNA; DNA-Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Stability; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hot Temperature; Humans; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Substrate Specificity | 2003 |
The C terminus of initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 contains multiple regulatory features that influence its function and phosphorylation.
Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Binding Sites; Carrier Proteins; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Division; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Enzyme Inhibitors; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; Genetic Vectors; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Immunoblotting; Insulin; Models, Genetic; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Peptides; Phosphoproteins; Phosphorylation; Protein Binding; Protein Isoforms; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Serine; Time Factors; Transfection | 2003 |
Slow binding of retinal to rhodopsin mutants G90D and T94D.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Night Blindness; Protein Binding; Protein Denaturation; Retinaldehyde; Rhodopsin; Schiff Bases; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Threonine | 2003 |
Characterization of rhodopsin congenital night blindness mutant T94I.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cattle; COS Cells; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isoleucine; Kinetics; Light; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Night Blindness; Rhodopsin; Schiff Bases; Threonine; Transducin; Transfection | 2003 |
Characterization of metal ligand mutants of tyrosine hydroxylase: insights into the plasticity of a 2-histidine-1-carboxylate triad.
Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Animals; Binding Sites; Carboxylic Acids; Catalysis; Dopamine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Iron; Kinetics; Ligands; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Binding; Rats; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2003 |
Engineering a catalytic metal binding site into a calcium-independent phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C leads to enhanced stereoselectivity.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Bacillus; Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Calcium; Catalytic Domain; Cattle; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Metals, Alkaline Earth; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase; Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C; Stereoisomerism; Streptomyces antibioticus; Substrate Specificity; Type C Phospholipases | 2003 |
Obesity, Type II diabetes and the beta 2 adrenoceptor gene Gln27Glu polymorphism in the Tongan population.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Constitution; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetics, Population; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Tonga | 2003 |
The effect of burn plasma on skeletal muscle proteolysis in rats.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Burns; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Leucine; Male; Muscle Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Plasma; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2003 |
Astrocyte metabolism is disturbed in the early development of experimental hydrocephalus.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Astrocytes; Biomarkers; Brain Stem; Carbon Isotopes; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrocephalus; Kaolin; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Predictive Value of Tests; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine; Telencephalon | 2003 |
Redox potential of quinones in photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides: dependence on protonation of Glu-L212 and Asp-L213.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Deuterium Oxide; Electron Transport; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Light; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Oxidation-Reduction; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Protein Conformation; Protons; Quinones; Rhodobacter sphaeroides; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared | 2003 |
Increased lysine synthesis coupled with a knockout of its catabolism synergistically boosts lysine content and also transregulates the metabolism of other amino acids in Arabidopsis seeds.
Topics: Amino Acids; Arabidopsis; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Germination; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydro-Lyases; Lysine; Methionine; Mutation; Plants, Genetically Modified; Pterocarpans; Seeds; Signal Transduction; Threonine | 2003 |
Inhibition of glutamine transport depletes glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter pools: further evidence for metabolic compartmentation.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Alanine; Animals; Astrocytes; beta-Alanine; Biological Transport; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Compartmentation; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Histidine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuroblastoma; Rats | 2003 |
A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of metabolites in the occipital lobes in epilepsy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Carnosine; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy, Generalized; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Enhancement; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neural Inhibition; Occipital Lobe; Synaptic Transmission | 2003 |
Acute mania is accompanied by elevated glutamate/glutamine levels within the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Receptors, Glutamate | 2003 |
Amino acid discrimination by a class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase specified by negative determinants.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases; Catalytic Domain; Crystallography, X-Ray; Escherichia coli; Evolution, Molecular; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen Bonding; Kinetics; Macromolecular Substances; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; RNA, Transfer, Gln; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Static Electricity; Substrate Specificity; Water | 2003 |
Effective electroconvulsive therapy reverses glutamate/glutamine deficit in the left anterior cingulum of unipolar depressed patients.
Topics: Depressive Disorder; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome | 2003 |
1H MR spectroscopy of mesial temporal lobe epilepsies treated with Gamma knife.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Postoperative Complications; Radiation Injuries; Radiation Tolerance; Radiosurgery; Seizures; Time Factors; Treatment Failure | 2003 |
Plasma amino acid levels in children with autism and their families.
Topics: Adolescent; Alanine; Amino Acids; Asparagine; Asperger Syndrome; Autistic Disorder; Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn; Child; Child, Preschool; Family; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lysine; Male; Phenylalanine; Tyrosine | 2003 |
Content of ileal EAAC1 and hepatic GLT-1 high-affinity glutamate transporters is increased in growing vs. nongrowing lambs, paralleling increased tissue D- and L-glutamate, plasma glutamine, and alanine concentrations.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ileum; Immunoblotting; Kidney; Liver; Male; Random Allocation; RNA, Messenger; Sheep; Symporters; Up-Regulation | 2003 |
[Effects of glutamate and glutamine on learning and memory of rats].
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Brain; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Memory; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2000 |
Mutation of active site residues of the puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase: conversion of the enzyme into a catalytically inactive binding protein.
Topics: Aminopeptidases; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Chromatography, Gel; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Complementary; Dynorphins; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Protein Binding; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Puromycin; Recombinant Proteins; Substrate Specificity; Time Factors; Tyrosine | 2003 |
Point mutations at L1280 in Nav1.4 channel D3-S6 modulate binding affinity and stereoselectivity of bupivacaine enantiomers.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Asparagine; Bupivacaine; Cells, Cultured; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Point Mutation; Rats; Sodium Channel Blockers; Sodium Channels; Stereoisomerism | 2003 |
Eight amino acids form the ATP recognition site of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Binding Sites; Brain; Cysteine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Genetic Complementation Test; Genetic Vectors; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen Bonding; Mice; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Phenylalanine; Point Mutation; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared | 2003 |
Extracellular glutamine to glutamate ratio may predict outcome in the injured brain: a clinical microdialysis study in children.
Topics: Adolescent; Amino Acids; Brain Injuries; Child; Extracellular Fluid; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Male; Microdialysis; Pilot Projects; Prognosis | 2003 |
Biosynthesis of pyridoxine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae--origin of the pyridoxine nitrogen atom differs under anaerobic and aerobic conditions.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Isotopes; Pyridoxine; Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 2002 |
The reported human NADsyn2 is ammonia-dependent NAD synthetase from a pseudomonad.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Ammonia; Base Sequence; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22; Cloning, Molecular; CpG Islands; Cysteine; DNA; Gene Library; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrolysis; Molecular Sequence Data; Muscles; NAD; Nicotinamidase; Open Reading Frames; Operon; Phylogeny; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Pseudomonas; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid | 2003 |
Homozygous Gly555Glu mutation in the nuclear-encoded 70 kDa flavoprotein gene causes instability of the respiratory chain complex II.
Topics: Amino Acids; Cardiomegaly; Cell Nucleus; Electron Transport; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Fibroblasts; Flavoproteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Homozygote; Humans; Infant; Iron; Models, Molecular; Muscle, Skeletal; Mutation; Oxygen; Peptides; Phosphorylation; Protein Structure, Tertiary | 2003 |
Glutamine preserves protein synthesis and paracellular permeability in Caco-2 cells submitted to "luminal fasting".
Topics: Caco-2 Cells; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cell Polarity; Enterocytes; Fasting; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Glycine; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Leucine; Protein Biosynthesis | 2003 |
Automated data processing of [1H-decoupled] 13C MR spectra acquired from human brain in vivo.
Topics: Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Electronic Data Processing; Epilepsy; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mathematical Computing; Observer Variation | 2003 |
Acute effects of gabapentin and pregabalin on rat forebrain cellular GABA, glutamate, and glutamine concentrations.
Topics: Acetates; Amines; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurons; Pregabalin; Prosencephalon; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Vigabatrin | 2003 |
Disease-related metabolites in culture medium of fibroblasts from patients with D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, and combined D/L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cell Line; Culture Media; Fibroblasts; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutarates; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Lysine; Metabolic Diseases; Stereoisomerism; Succinic Acid | 2003 |
A single amino acid change (substitution of the conserved Glu-590 with alanine) in the C-terminal domain of rat liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase I increases its malonyl-CoA sensitivity close to that observed with the muscle isoform of the enzyme.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Blotting, Western; Carnitine; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; Chickens; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Immunoblotting; Kinetics; Liver; Lysine; Malonyl Coenzyme A; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Muscles; Mutation; Palmitoyl Coenzyme A; Pichia; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Isoforms; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Rats; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Swine | 2003 |
Basal fat oxidation and after a peak oxygen consumption test in obese women with a beta2 adrenoceptor gene polymorphism.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Alleles; Calorimetry, Indirect; Exercise; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycerol; Humans; Lipolysis; Obesity; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Triglycerides | 2003 |
Glutamate-dependent glutamine, aspartate and serine release from rat cortical glial cell cultures.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspartic Acid; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Dexamethasone; Dicarboxylic Acids; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neuroglia; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serine; Time Factors | 2003 |
Pain intensity, illness duration, and protein catabolism in temporomandibular disorder patients with chronic muscle pain.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Case-Control Studies; Chi-Square Distribution; Chronic Disease; Cohort Studies; Confidence Intervals; Facial Pain; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Leucine; Male; Pain Measurement; Protein Denaturation; Succinic Acid; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Time Factors; Tyrosine | 2003 |
Energy contribution of octanoate to intact rat brain metabolism measured by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Caprylates; Carbon Isotopes; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketones; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Biological; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2003 |
The glutamate-dependent acid resistance system of Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri is inhibited in vitro by L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid.
Topics: Acids; Bacterial Proteins; Culture Media; Dicarboxylic Acids; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Proteins; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Phenotype; Plasmids; Pyrrolidines; Shigella flexneri; Sigma Factor | 2003 |
Ontogeny of the neutral amino acid transporter SAT1/ATA1 in rat brain.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System A; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Embryo, Mammalian; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunoblotting; Immunohistochemistry; Membrane Transport Proteins; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2003 |
Molecular determinants of Ca2+ potentiation of diltiazem block and Ca2+-dependent inactivation in the pore region of cav1.2.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Cells, Cultured; Diltiazem; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Conformation | 2003 |
Inhibition of glutamine synthetase in the mouse kidney: a novel mechanism of adaptation to metabolic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis; Actins; Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Carbon; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kidney; Kidney Cortex; Kidney Tubules; Mice; Models, Biological; Nitrogen; Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP); Proline; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Species Specificity; Time Factors | 2003 |
Sequence context strongly modulates association of polar residues in transmembrane helices.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids, Acidic; Amino Acids, Basic; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Capsid; Capsid Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Membrane Proteins; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Recombinant Fusion Proteins | 2003 |
Obesity risk is associated with carbohydrate intake in women carrying the Gln27Glu beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Sex Characteristics | 2003 |
Differential activity and degradation of plant volatile elicitors in regurgitant of tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) larvae.
Topics: Animals; Feeding Behavior; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Larva; Linolenic Acids; Manduca; Nicotiana; Plants, Edible; Seedlings; Volatilization | 2003 |
Specific isotopic labeling and photooxidation-linked structural changes in the manganese-stabilizing subunit of photosystem II.
Topics: Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Escherichia coli; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gene Expression; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isotope Labeling; Manganese; Oxidation-Reduction; Photochemistry; Photosynthesis; Photosystem II Protein Complex; Recombinant Proteins; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Water | 2003 |
Requirement of a Tha4-conserved transmembrane glutamate in thylakoid Tat translocase assembly revealed by biochemical complementation.
Topics: Alanine; Aspartic Acid; Cross-Linking Reagents; DNA, Complementary; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Membrane Proteins; Models, Genetic; Pisum sativum; Plant Proteins; Point Mutation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protein Transport; Thylakoids | 2003 |
Glutamine cycling in isolated working rat heart.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Cardiac Output; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Male; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Propionates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Acetate; Substrate Cycling | 2003 |
Evolution of amino acid metabolism inferred through cladistic analysis.
Topics: Amino Acids; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Biological Evolution; Citric Acid Cycle; Enzymes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Models, Biological; Multigene Family; Phylogeny; Software; Statistics as Topic; Substrate Specificity | 2003 |
13C NMR analysis reveals a link between L-glutamine metabolism, D-glucose metabolism and gamma-glutamyl cycle activity in a clonal pancreatic beta-cell line.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Isotopes; Clone Cells; gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Islets of Langerhans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Biological | 2003 |
Virus-like particle production at low multiplicities of infection with the baculovirus insect cell system.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Baculoviridae; Capsid Proteins; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Division; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Parvovirus, Porcine; Recombinant Proteins; Spodoptera; Viral Plaque Assay; Virion; Virus Cultivation; Virus Replication | 2003 |
Glutamate transport, glutamine synthetase and phosphate-activated glutaminase in rat CNS white matter. A quantitative study.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Biomarkers; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Central Nervous System; Enzyme Activation; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Fornix, Brain; Glucose; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Optic Nerve; Proteolipids; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Trigeminal Nerve | 2003 |
Phosphates of brain during in vitro metabolism: effects of oxygen, glucose, glutamate, glutamine, and calcium and potassium salts.
Topics: Brain; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Oxygen; Phosphates; Potassium; Salts | 1952 |
The biological activity of mixtures of lycomarasmin and glutamic acid, glutamine glutathione, or cysteine.
Topics: Cysteine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Peptides | 1953 |
A new growth medium for the cultivation and production of Clostridium welchii SR 12 in Krebs' method for the quantitative determination of glutamine and glutamic acid.
Topics: Clostridium perfringens; Culture Media; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine | 1952 |
Glutamine, glutamic acid, and gamma-aminobutyric acid in cerebrospinal fluids.
Topics: Butyrates; Cerebrospinal Fluid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 1953 |
On the determination of glutamine and glutamic acid in urine by a modification of Krebs' method.
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Urine | 1953 |
The effect of rat liver carcinomas, growing in the yolk sacs of chick embryos, on the free glutamic acid and glutamine content of the eggs.
Topics: Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Liver; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Yolk Sac | 1954 |
Plasma glutamine and glutamic acid in children with brain diseases as compared with normal children.
Topics: Blood; Brain; Brain Diseases; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Plasma | 1954 |
Pharmacological studies upon the production of glutamic acid and glutamine in the brain.
Topics: Brain; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neurochemistry | 1954 |
The urinary excretion of glutamine and glutamic acid in normals and in a group of psychiatric patients.
Topics: Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Schizophrenia; Urine | 1954 |
Glutamine, glutamic acid, and glycolysis in Bacillus subtilis.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacillus subtilis; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbohydrates; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Pyruvates | 1954 |
Aspartic acid inhibition of glutamic acid utilization for proline, citrulline and glutamine biosynthesis.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Biochemical Phenomena; Citrulline; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactobacillus; Proline | 1955 |
The growth response of mammalian cells in tissue culture to L-glutamine and L-glutamic acid.
Topics: Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neoplasms; Tissue Culture Techniques | 1956 |
The effect of pH on the utilization of glutamic acid, glutamine and their derivatives by Lactobacillus arabinosus.
Topics: Biochemical Phenomena; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus plantarum | 1956 |
Diminished phenylketonuria in phenylpyruvic oligophrenia after administration of L-glutamine, L-glutamate or L-asparagine.
Topics: Asparagine; Body Fluids; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Ketones; Phenylketonurias; Urine | 1956 |
Studies on water and electrolytes in nervous tissue. II. Effect of glutamate and glutamine.
Topics: Electrolytes; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neurons; Retina; Water | 1956 |
Distribution of glutamine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid between erythrocytes and plasma.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Blood; Erythrocytes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 1956 |
GLUTAMATE and arginine treatment of ammonium toxicity.
Topics: Ammonia; Ammonium Compounds; Arginine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Liver Diseases | 1957 |
The utilization of glutamine, glutamic acid, and ammonia for the biosynthesis of nucleic acid bases in mammalian cell cultures.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mammals; Nucleic Acids; Purines | 1958 |
Effect of glutamate and glutamine on the intracellular electrolytes of nervous tissue.
Topics: Electrolytes; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Retina | 1958 |
Determination of glutamic acid, glutamine, glutathione and gamma-aminobutyric acid and their distribution in brain tissue.
Topics: Amino Acids; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione | 1958 |
[On the effect of glutamine, glutamic acid and alpha-ketoglutaric acid on the O2 uptake and NH3 formation of rabbit reticulocytes].
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Erythrocytes; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kernicterus; Ketoglutaric Acids; Oxygen; Rabbits; Reticulocytes | 1960 |
Activated glutamate intermediate in the enzymatic synthesis of glutamine.
Topics: Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine | 1960 |
[Ammonia, glutamic acid and glutamine in the brain during ontogenesis under the influence of oxygen applied under pressure].
Topics: Ammonia; Brain; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neurochemistry; Oxygen | 1962 |
[Ammonia, glutamine, glutamic acid and amino nitrogen in muscle proteins in circulatory disorders].
Topics: Ammonia; Blood Circulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Muscle Proteins; Nitrogen | 1962 |
Heat capacities from 11 to 305 degree K, entropies and free energies of formation of L-asparagine monohydrate, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, and L-glutamine.
Topics: Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Entropy; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hot Temperature | 1963 |
The activation of glutamic acid and glutamine in mammalian tissues.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ligases; Liver; Mammals | 1963 |
The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the metabolism of glutamic acid and glutamine in brain.
Topics: Amino Acids; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine | 1963 |
[The ammonia-glutamic acid-glutamine system of the brain in various phases of hypothermia].
Topics: Ammonia; Body Temperature; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypothermia; Neurochemistry | 1962 |
ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF GAMMA-GLUTAMYLHYDROXAMIC ACID FROM GLUTAMIC ACID AND HYDROXYLAMINE.
Topics: Amidohydrolases; Ammonia; Antimetabolites; Asparagine; Azaserine; Azotobacter; Carbon Isotopes; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hydroxamic Acids; Hydroxylamine; Hydroxylamines; Pharmacology; Proteins; Research; Streptomycin | 1963 |
[THE AMMONIA-GLUTAMIC ACID-GLUTAMINE SYSTEM IN THE RAT BRAIN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXTRACEREBRAL MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS].
Topics: Ammonia; Brain; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Metabolism; Rats; Research; Sarcoma; Sarcoma, Experimental | 1963 |
EFFECTS OF DIELDRIN OR DDT IN VIVO ON ALPHA-ALANINE, GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRATE, GLUTAMINE, AND GLUTAMATE IN RAT BRAIN.
Topics: Alanine; Aminobutyrates; Brain; DDT; Dieldrin; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Pharmacology; Proteins; Rats; Research; Toxicology | 1964 |
[QUANTITATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF THE GLUTAMATE SYSTEM (GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC AND GLUTAMIC ACIDS, GLUTAMINE, REDUCED GLUTATHIONE) IN THE NEURAXIS OF ALBINO RATS OF VARIOUS AGES].
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Brain; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Metabolism; Rats; Research; Spinal Cord | 1963 |
[A GROUP OF CHILDREN WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA TREATED WITH A DERIVATIVE OF GLUTAMIC ACID (L-GLUTAMINE)].
Topics: Asthma; Child; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant | 1963 |
[CONCERNING LINKED PRODUCTS OF GLUTAMIC ACID, GLUTAMINE, ASPARAGINE AND AROMATIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS].
Topics: Aminosalicylic Acid; Aminosalicylic Acids; Animals; Asparagine; Benzoates; Chromatography; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Hippurates; Kidney; Liver; Metabolism; Phenylacetates; Rats; Research; Ultraviolet Rays | 1964 |
THE EFFECT OF AN EPILEPTOGENIC FOCUS, INDUCED BY TOPICAL APPLICATION OF MESCALINE, ON GLUTAMIC ACID, GLUTAMINE AND GABA IN THE NEOCORTEX OF THE CAT.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Cats; Cerebral Cortex; Electroencephalography; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mescaline; Neocortex; Pharmacology; Research | 1964 |
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN PLANT MITOCHONDRIA. II. GLUTAMATE AND GLUTAMINE INCORPORATION AND A STUDY OF INITIAL STEPS AND STREPTOMYCIN EFFECT.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbon Isotopes; Chloramphenicol; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mitochondria; Pharmacology; Plant Proteins; Protein Biosynthesis; Proteins; Research; Ribonucleases; Streptomycin | 1964 |
STUDIES ON SPECIFIC ENZYME INHIBITORS. 8. ENZYME-REGULATORY MECHANISM OF THE ENTRY OF GLUTAMIC ACID INTO METABOLIC PATHWAYS IN KIDNEY TISSUE.
Topics: Acetates; Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutarates; Hexokinase; Kidney; Malates; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolism; Mitochondria; NAD; Oxalates; Pyruvates; Rats; Research | 1964 |
[THE BRAIN AMMONIA-GLUTAMIC ACID-GLUTAMINE SYSTEM IN THE COMBINED ACTION OF HYPOTHERMIA AND INCREASED OXYGEN PRESSURE].
Topics: Ammonia; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Hypothermia; Hypothermia, Induced; Oxygen; Physiology; Rats; Research | 1964 |
[CONDITION OF THE AMMONIA-GLUTAMINE-GLUTAMIC ACID SYSTEM IN THE RAT BRAIN DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF M-1 SARCOMA].
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Metabolism; Neoplasms; Rats; Research; Sarcoma; Sarcoma, Experimental | 1964 |
A SEX-LINKED DISORDER WITH MENTAL AND PHYSICAL RETARDATION CHARACTERIZED BY CEREBROCORTICAL ATROPHY AND INCREASE OF GLUTAMIC ACID IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID.
Topics: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Amino Acids; Atrophy; Blood; Brain Diseases; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Chromosomes; Galactose; Genetics, Medical; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Growth; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Kidney; Renal Aminoacidurias; Urine | 1964 |
CHANGES IN GLUTAMIC ACID, GLUTAMINE, AND GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID CONCENTRATIONS DURING POSTNATAL MATURATION OF THE CAT BRAIN.
Topics: Aging; Aminobutyrates; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cats; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Research | 1964 |
SEPARATION OF SPECIFIC GLUTAMATE- AND GLUTAMINE-ACTIVATING ENZYMES FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI.
Topics: Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Enzyme Activators; Escherichia coli; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Metabolism; Oxidoreductases; Proteins; Research; RNA | 1964 |
STUDIES ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN TOBACCO PLANTS. VI. METABOLISM OF GLUTAMIC ACID, GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID, AND PROLINE IN TOBACCO LEAVES.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Autoanalysis; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nicotiana; Nitrogen; Photosynthesis; Proline; Research | 1964 |
ISOLATION OF GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-L-GLUTAMIC ACID AND GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-L-GLUTAMINE FROM BOVINE BRAIN.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cattle; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chromatography; Dipeptides; Gamma Rays; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Research | 1964 |
[THE AMMONIA-GLUTAMIC ACID-GLUTAMINE SYSTEM OF THE BRAIN UNDER THE COMBINED ACTION OF HYPOTHERMIA AND HIGH OXYGEN PRESSURE].
Topics: Ammonia; Atmospheric Pressure; Brain; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypothermia; Hypothermia, Induced; Oxygen; Rats; Research | 1964 |
[INTENSITY OF THE EXCHANGE OF AMIDE GROUPS OF CEREBRAL GLUTAMINE AND PROTEINS FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION OF N-15-GLUTAMIC ACID].
Topics: Amides; Animals; Brain; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Metabolism; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nitrogen; Proteins; Rabbits; Radioisotopes; Research | 1964 |
[ACTIVITY OF GLUTAMATE ASPARTATE AND GLUTAMINE ALANINE TRANSAMINASES IN HUMAN FETAL TISSUES].
Topics: Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspartic Acid; D-Alanine Transaminase; Fetus; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Metabolism; Transaminases | 1964 |
4-DEAMIDO-OXYTOCIN, AN ANALOG OF THE HORMONE CONTAINING GLUTAMIC ACID IN PLACE OF GLUTAMINE.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inorganic Chemicals; Organic Chemicals; Oxytocin; Research | 1965 |
AMINO ACID UTILIZATION BY ALCALIGENES VISCOLACTIS FOR GROWTH AND SLIME PRODUCTION.
Topics: Alcaligenes; Amino Acids; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Colorimetry; Culture Media; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactose; Nitrogen; Proline; Research; Salts; Tyrosine | 1965 |
[EFFECT OF THE INSPIRATION OF GAS MIXTURES OF VARIOUS COMPOSITIONS ON THE CONTENT OF AMMONIA, GLUTAMINE, GLUTAMIC ACID AND ATP IN THE ANIMAL BRAIN].
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Ammonia; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cell Respiration; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Research; Respiration | 1965 |
CHANGES OF CEREBRAL GLUTAMINE, GLUTAMIC ACID AND GABA DURING AROUSAL FROM HIBERNATION.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Arousal; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hibernation; Metabolism; Research; Rodentia | 1965 |
[FREE AMINO ACIDS IN RETICULOCYTES; THE ACTIVITY OF GLYCINE, ALANINE AND GLUTAMATE IN SHORT-TERM INCUBATION].
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Dinitrophenols; Glucose; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Metabolism; Rabbits; Research; Reticulocytes | 1964 |
SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF THE ENZYMES OF THE GLUTAMIC ACID, GLUTAMINE AND GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID CYCLES IN RAT BRAIN.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Brain; Cell Nucleus; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Electrons; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Microscopy; Microscopy, Electron; Microsomes; Mitochondria; Oxidoreductases; Rats; Research; Synapses | 1965 |
EFFECTS OF DIELDRIN, PICROTOXIN AND TELODRIN ON THE METABOLISM OF AMMONIA IN BRAIN.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Dieldrin; Furans; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactates; Metabolism; Pharmacology; Picrotoxin; Rats; Seizures | 1965 |
Glutamic acid and glutamine metabolism in cerebral cortex after seizures induced by methionine sulphoximine.
Topics: Cerebral Cortex; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Methionine; Methionine Sulfoximine; Seizures | 1959 |
Determination of glutamine and glutamic acid in the blood plasma of chicks by a combined chromatographic and microbiological method.
Topics: Animals; Biological Assay; Chickens; Chromatography; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Plasma | 1962 |
Concentrations of free amino acids in blood plasma of rats force-fed L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine or L-alanine.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Diet; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nutrition Assessment; Rats | 1962 |
Contribution of active site residues to the activity and thermal stability of ribonuclease Sa.
Topics: Arginine; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Dinucleoside Phosphates; Enzyme Stability; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Poly I; Recombinant Proteins; Ribonucleases; Substrate Specificity; Thermodynamics | 2003 |
The glutamine 27 glutamic acid polymorphism of the beta2-adrenoceptor gene is associated with abdominal obesity and greater risk of impaired glucose tolerance in men but not in women: a population-based study in Spain.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Constitution; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotype; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Insulin; Leptin; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Sex Factors | 2003 |
A magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study of adult nonhuman primates exposed to early-life stressors.
Topics: Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Brain Mapping; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Macaca radiata; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Stress, Psychological; Temporal Lobe | 2003 |
Identification of Pseudomonas proteins coordinately induced by acidic amino acids and their amides: a two-dimensional electrophoresis study.
Topics: Asparaginase; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Bacterial Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Periplasm; Proteomics; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pseudomonas putida; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sigma Factor | 2003 |
Probing hydrogen-bonding interactions in the active site of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase using Raman spectroscopy.
Topics: Acyl Coenzyme A; Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase; Animals; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen Bonding; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Potentiometry; Proline; Protons; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Swine | 2003 |
Overexpression of constitutively activated glutamate dehydrogenase induces insulin secretion through enhanced glutamate oxidation.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Chlorocebus aethiops; COS Cells; Enzyme Activation; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Mice; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats | 2004 |
ADAMTS4 (aggrecanase-1) cleaves human brain versican V2 at Glu405-Gln406 to generate glial hyaluronate binding protein.
Topics: ADAM Proteins; ADAMTS4 Protein; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carrier Proteins; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; Disulfides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycosylation; Humans; Lectins, C-Type; Metalloendopeptidases; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Point Mutation; Postmortem Changes; Predictive Value of Tests; Procollagen N-Endopeptidase; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Time Factors; Tissue Extracts; Versicans | 2004 |
Oral glutamine attenuates surgical manipulation-induced alterations in the intestinal brush border membrane.
Topics: Alanine; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Tocopherol; Animals; Biological Transport; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Glycine; Intestines; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Microvilli; Oxidative Stress; Phospholipids; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2003 |
Metabolic changes within the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex occurring with electroconvulsive therapy in patients with treatment resistant unipolar depression.
Topics: Aged; Brain Mapping; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dominance, Cerebral; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Reference Values | 2003 |
Serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in children undergoing cardiac surgery.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Child, Preschool; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heart Defects, Congenital; Hematocrit; Humans; Infant; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Occipital Lobe; Thoracic Surgery; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial | 2003 |
Analysis of catalytic carboxylate mutants E552Q and E1197Q suggests asymmetric ATP hydrolysis by the two nucleotide-binding domains of P-glycoprotein.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Carboxylic Acids; Catalysis; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; GTP-Binding Proteins; Hydrolysis; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Mice; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Structure, Tertiary | 2003 |
Interactions between charged amino acid residues within transmembrane helices in the sulfate transporter SHST1.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Amino Acids; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Carrier Proteins; Cell Membrane; Fabaceae; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Growth Inhibitors; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Plant Proteins; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Transport; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sulfates | 2003 |
Drug-induced parkinsonism in relation to choline-containing compounds measured by 1H-MR spectroscopy in putamen of chronically medicated patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Choline; Chronic Disease; Creatine; Dominance, Cerebral; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neurologic Examination; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Phosphocreatine; Putamen; Reference Values; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology | 2003 |
Dissecting structural and electrostatic interactions of charged groups in alpha-sarcin. An NMR study of some mutants involving the catalytic residues.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Aspergillus; Binding Sites; Catalytic Domain; Endoribonucleases; Fungal Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Chemical; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Protons; Static Electricity | 2003 |
N-terminal modifications increase the neutral-pH stability of pepsin.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Catalysis; Circular Dichroism; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Stability; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lysine; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Pepsin A; Pepsinogen A; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Swine; Threonine | 2003 |
The role of adrenal hormones in the response of glutamine synthetase to fasting in adult and old rats.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Age Factors; Aging; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Fasting; Glucocorticoids; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hormone Antagonists; Male; Mifepristone; Muscle, Skeletal; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger | 2003 |
Glutamate and glutamine in the anterior cingulate and thalamus of medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects measured with 4.0-T proton MRS.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Dominance, Cerebral; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Degeneration; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Reference Values; Schizophrenia; Thalamus | 2003 |
Reciprocal changes in forebrain contents of glycogen and of glutamate/glutamine during early memory consolidation in the day-old chick.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Brain Chemistry; Chickens; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen; Memory; Prosencephalon; Time Factors | 2003 |
Out-and-in spiral spectroscopic imaging in rat brain at 7 T.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2003 |
A comparative study of amino acid consumption by rat islet cells and the clonal beta-cell line BRIN-BD11 - the functional significance of L-alanine.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Animals; Cell Line; Clone Cells; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insulin; Islets of Langerhans; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2003 |
Lack of negative charge in the E46Q mutant of photoactive yellow protein prevents partial unfolding of the blue-shifted intermediate.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Bacterial Proteins; Deuterium; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Halorhodospira halophila; Light; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Photochemistry; Photoreceptors, Microbial; Protein Folding; Protons | 2003 |
Elevation of corazol-induced seizure threshold after active immunization of mice of various genetic strains with glutamate-bovine serum albumin conjugate.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cattle; Convulsants; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunization; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pentylenetetrazole; Seizures; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Species Specificity; Surgical Flaps | 2003 |
Mitochondrial glutaminase enhances extracellular glutamate production in HIV-1-infected macrophages: linkage to HIV-1 associated dementia.
Topics: AIDS Dementia Complex; Anti-HIV Agents; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Culture Media, Conditioned; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Macrophages; Mitochondria; Monocytes; RNA, Messenger; Zidovudine | 2004 |
[Effects of chronic valproic acid sodium treatment and withdrawal on glutamate and glutamine release of C6 glioma cells].
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Time Factors; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Valproic Acid | 2003 |
Cholesterol oxidase senses subtle changes in lipid bilayer structure.
Topics: 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; Binding Sites; Carrier Proteins; Cholestenones; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; Cholesterol Oxidase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycoproteins; Kinetics; Lipid Bilayers; Phosphatidylcholines; Protein Binding; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Streptomyces | 2004 |
The Q267E mutation in the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) causes congenital iodide transport defect (ITD) by decreasing the NIS turnover number.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Asparagine; Biological Transport; Biotinylation; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; COS Cells; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Iodides; Kinetics; Mutation, Missense; Sodium; Symporters; Thyroid Gland | 2004 |
Conversion into GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) may reduce the capacity of L-glutamine as an insulin secretagogue.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Adenosine Triphosphate; Allylglycine; Amination; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Leucine; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Perfusion; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA | 2004 |
Characterization of the products of the genes SNO1 and SNZ1 involved in pyridoxine synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Topics: Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Fungal; Diazooxonorleucine; DNA Primers; Enzyme Inhibitors; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Mutation; Plasmids; Pyridoxine; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins | 2004 |
Aspartate transporter expression and activity in hypertrophic rat heart and ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Blotting, Western; Cardiomegaly; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heart; Heart Rate; Ischemia; Kinetics; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardium; Myocytes, Cardiac; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Reperfusion; Reperfusion Injury; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sarcolemma; Symporters; Ventricular Pressure | 2004 |
Increased positive electrostatic potential in p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase accelerates hydroxylation but slows turnover.
Topics: 4-Hydroxybenzoate-3-Monooxygenase; Amino Acid Substitution; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxylation; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Parabens; Static Electricity; Substrate Specificity | 2004 |
Determinations of glutamine and glutamic acid in a material of mental patients.
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Law Enforcement; Mentally Ill Persons | 1950 |
Studies on the glutamine and glutamic acid content of the rat brain during insulin hypoglycaemia.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoglycemia; Insulins; Rats | 1950 |
Studies of the glutamine and glutamic acid content of the rat liver during insulin hypoglycaemia.
Topics: Animals; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoglycemia; Insulins; Liver; Rats | 1950 |
[Glutamine and glutamic acid metabolism, with special reference to nervous tissue and psychiatric disease].
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Nerve Tissue; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia | 1951 |
Glutamine, glutamic acid, ammonia administration, and tissue glutamine.
Topics: Ammonia; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Tissues | 1951 |
Antigenic cross-reactivity and sequence homology between Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans GroEL protein and human fibronectin.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibodies, Bispecific; Antibody Specificity; Antigens, Bacterial; Chaperonin 60; Collagen Type IV; Cross Reactions; Epitopes; Escherichia coli; Fibronectins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Isoleucine; Leucine; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Threonine | 2004 |
[Ammonium, glutamine and glutamic acid in the skeletal muscles in hypoxemia].
Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Central Nervous System; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoxia; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscles; Nervous System; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena | 1951 |
Oxidation of glucose, glutamate, and glutamine by isolated ovine enterocytes in vitro is decreased by the presence of other metabolic fuels.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Butyrates; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Duodenum; Enterocytes; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Propionates; Sheep | 2004 |
Resonance Raman spectroscopy reveals the origin of an intermediate wavelength form in photoactive yellow protein.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Bacterial Proteins; Deuterium Exchange Measurement; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Phenylalanine; Photoreceptors, Microbial; Quantum Theory; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Thermodynamics; Thiocyanates; Threonine; Tyrosine; Valine | 2004 |
The composition rather than position of polar residues (QxxS) drives aspartate receptor transmembrane domain dimerization in vivo.
Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Aspartic Acid; Bacterial Proteins; Chemoreceptor Cells; Dimerization; DNA-Binding Proteins; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Periplasmic Binding Proteins; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Receptors, Amino Acid; Receptors, Cell Surface; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Serine; Transcription Factors | 2004 |
Substitutes for glutamine in proliferation of rat intestinal epithelial cells.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Arginine; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epithelial Cells; Glucosamine; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Rats | 2004 |
Neurometabolic functioning and neuropsychological correlates in children with ADHD-H: preliminary findings.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Brain Chemistry; Case-Control Studies; Child; Choline; Creatine; Female; Frontal Lobe; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Language; Learning; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Motor Activity; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychomotor Performance | 2004 |
Measurement of brain glutamate using TE-averaged PRESS at 3T.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Dipeptides; Female; Fourier Analysis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Enhancement; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropeptides; Reproducibility of Results | 2004 |
Circadian rhythms of dopamine, glutamate and GABA in the striatum and nucleus accumbens of the awake rat: modulation by light.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Arginine; Circadian Rhythm; Corpus Striatum; Darkness; Dopamine; Extracellular Matrix; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homovanillic Acid; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Light; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Wakefulness | 2004 |
Effects of methionine sulfoximine on the glutamine and glutamate content and cell volume in rat cerebral cortical slices: involvement of mechanisms not related to inhibition of glutamine synthesis.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Cell Size; Cerebral Cortex; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2004 |
Crystal structure of the covalent intermediate of amylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Conserved Sequence; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glucosyltransferases; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neisseria; Substrate Specificity; Water | 2004 |
Adenylylation and catalytic properties of Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase expressed in Escherichia coli versus mycobacteria.
Topics: Ammonia; Catalysis; Escherichia coli; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrolysis; Mass Spectrometry; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Mycobacteriaceae; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nitrogen; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; Snake Venoms; Species Specificity; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Time Factors; Tyrosine | 2004 |
Proton MR spectroscopy in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.
Topics: Adult; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Genes, Recessive; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Movement Disorders; Predictive Value of Tests; Protons; Reference Values; Seizures; Speech Disorders; Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase | 2004 |
Gene-environment interactions between the smoking habit and polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes, APE1 Asp148Glu and XRCC1 Arg399Gln, in Japanese lung cancer risk.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alleles; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Codon; DNA Repair; DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase; DNA-Binding Proteins; Environment; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Japan; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Polymorphism, Genetic; Risk; Risk Factors; Smoking; X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1 | 2004 |
Glutamate concentrations in human brain using single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 Tesla.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Mapping; Female; Fourier Analysis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Hippocampus; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values; Statistics as Topic | 2004 |
Capsaicin increases GFAP and glutamine synthetase immunoreactivity in rat arcuate nucleus and median eminence.
Topics: Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Astrocytes; Capsaicin; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Median Eminence; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Nitric Oxide; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Stress, Physiological; Up-Regulation | 2004 |
Amino acids and asthma: a case-control study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amino Acids; Arginine; Asthma; Case-Control Studies; Cystine; Fasting; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Glycine; Humans; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Phenylalanine; Tryptophan | 2004 |
Strategies for fed-batch cultivation of t-PA producing CHO cells: substitution of glucose and glutamine and rational design of culture medium.
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Culture Media; Galactose; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Time Factors; Tissue Plasminogen Activator | 2004 |
Gln27Glu polymorphism of the beta2 adrenergic receptor gene in healthy Japanese men is associated with the change of fructosamine level caused by exercise.
Topics: Alleles; Arginine; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Exercise; Fructosamine; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Time Factors | 2004 |
Relationships between glutamine, glutamate, and GABA in nerve endings under Pb-toxicity conditions.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lead; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Signal Transduction; Synaptosomes | 2004 |
Structural analysis of botulinum neurotoxin type E catalytic domain and its mutant Glu212-->Gln reveals the pivotal role of the Glu212 carboxylate in the catalytic pathway.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Botulinum Toxins; Catalytic Domain; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Point Mutation; Protein Conformation; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid | 2004 |
3-T proton MRS investigation of glutamate and glutamine in adolescents at high genetic risk for schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Child of Impaired Parents; Cohort Studies; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Testing; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizophrenia; Social Class | 2004 |
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein serine/threonine kinase PknG is linked to cellular glutamate/glutamine levels and is important for growth in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Blotting, Western; Cell Membrane; Cloning, Molecular; Cytoplasm; Escherichia coli; Gene Deletion; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, SCID; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Recombinant Proteins; Tuberculosis; Virulence | 2004 |
Effects of protein deprivation on growth and small intestine morphology are not improved by glutamine or glutamate in gastrostomy-fed rat pups.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Glucosidases; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Claudin-1; Dietary Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; Gastrostomy; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunoblotting; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Membrane Proteins; Occludin; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tight Junctions; Weight Gain | 2004 |
Quantitative determination of extracellular glutamine concentration in rat brain, and its elevation in vivo by system A transport inhibitor, alpha-(methylamino)isobutyrate.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System A; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Extracellular Fluid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Male; Microdialysis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Somatosensory Cortex; Taurine; Thalamus; Wakefulness | 2004 |
Gluten of spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum subspecies spelta) as a source of peptides promoting viability and product yield of mouse hybridoma cell cultures.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cell Survival; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutens; Hybridomas; Hydrolysis; Leucine; Methionine; Mice; Peptide Fragments; Triticum | 2004 |
Betaxanthin formation and free amino acids in hairy roots of Beta vulgaris var. lutea depending on nutrient medium and glutamate or glutamine feeding.
Topics: Amino Acids; Beta vulgaris; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Picolinic Acids; Plant Proteins; Plant Roots | 2004 |
Subtype-specific alterations of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate in patients with major depression.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Depressive Disorder; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Severity of Illness Index | 2004 |
A particular phenotype in a girl with aldosterone synthase deficiency.
Topics: Binding Sites; Codon, Nonsense; Codon, Terminator; Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heterozygote; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Molecular Biology; Mutation; Phenotype; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, Mineralocorticoid; Steroid Metabolism, Inborn Errors | 2004 |
Mutation in nucleotide-binding domains of sulfonylurea receptor 2 evokes Na-ATP-dependent activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels: implication for dimerization of nucleotide-binding domains to induce channel opening.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Binding Sites; Dimerization; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Mutation; Nicorandil; Nucleotides; Potassium Channels; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Receptors, Drug; Sodium; Sulfonylurea Receptors | 2004 |
Extraordinary changes in excitatory amino acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid of influenza-associated encephalopathy of children.
Topics: Brain Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Excitatory Amino Acids; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Influenza, Human; Meningitis, Viral | 2004 |
Seizure evolution and amino acid imbalances in murine succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency.
Topics: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Neural Inhibition; Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase | 2004 |
Indole-3-acetic acid increases glutamine utilization by high peroxidase activity-presenting leukocytes.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Indoleacetic Acids; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Male; Neutrophils; Oxygen; Peroxidase; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spectrophotometry; Time Factors | 2004 |
Identification of placenta growth factor determinants for binding and activation of Flt-1 receptor.
Topics: Allantois; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Cell Line; Chick Embryo; Chorion; DNA, Complementary; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Placenta; Placenta Growth Factor; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Proteins; Protein Structure, Secondary; Recombinant Proteins; Transfection; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 | 2004 |
Molecular determinants of frequency dependence and Ca2+ potentiation of verapamil block in the pore region of Cav1.2.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Barium; Binding Sites; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Cells, Cultured; Drug Synergism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Kinetics; Mutation; Permeability; Phenylalanine; Threonine; Verapamil | 2004 |
Biosynthesis of NAAG by an enzyme-mediated process in rat central nervous system neurons and glia.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cells, Cultured; Central Nervous System; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Culture Media, Serum-Free; Dipeptides; Enzymes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neuroglia; Neurons; Potassium Chloride; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord; Tritium | 2004 |
Hypercalciuria in familial hyperkalemia and hypertension accompanies hyperkalemia and precedes hypertension: description of a large family with the Q565E WNK4 mutation.
Topics: Adult; Calcium; Calcium Metabolism Disorders; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hyperkalemia; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Pedigree; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases | 2004 |
Proton spectroscopy detected myoinositol in children with traumatic brain injury.
Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; Brain; Brain Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Gliosis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Spectrum Analysis | 2004 |
In vivo neuroprotective adaptation of the glutamate/glutamine cycle to neuronal death.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cell Death; Cell Survival; Denervation; Disease Models, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Fornix, Brain; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hippocampus; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactic Acid; Male; Necrosis; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2004 |
13C NMR isotopomer analysis of anaplerotic pathways in INS-1 cells.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carbon; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Line; Citric Acid Cycle; Culture Media; Glucose; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Leucine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Biological; Oxygen; Perfusion; Protons; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Time Factors | 2004 |
Contribution of a glial glutamate transporter to GABA synthesis in the retina.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Amino Acids; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Extracellular Space; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Neuroglia; Retina | 2004 |
Regional glucose metabolism and glutamatergic neurotransmission in rat brain in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptic Transmission | 2004 |
Abeta is targeted to the vasculature in a mouse model of hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Amyloidosis; Animals; Blood Vessels; Blotting, Western; Brain; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Disease Models, Animal; Encephalitis; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mutation; Peptide Fragments; Pia Mater; Postmortem Changes; Thy-1 Antigens | 2004 |
Whole-brain glutamate metabolism evaluated by steady-state kinetics using a double-isotope procedure: effects of gabapentin.
Topics: Acetates; Amines; Animals; Astrocytes; Bicarbonates; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Neurological; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Regression Analysis; Retina; Time Factors | 2004 |
Reduced anterior cingulate glutamatergic concentrations in childhood OCD and major depression versus healthy controls.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Child; Choline; Creatine; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Personality Assessment; Phosphocreatine; Reference Values; Synaptic Transmission | 2004 |
Tor signaling and nutrient-based signals converge on Mks1p phosphorylation to regulate expression of Rtg1.Rtg3p-dependent target genes.
Topics: Ammonia; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Western; Dimerization; DNA, Complementary; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gene Deletion; Gene Expression Regulation; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Mitochondria; Models, Biological; Nitrogen; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phosphorylation; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); Repressor Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Signal Transduction; Sirolimus; Transcription Factors | 2004 |
Role of ammonia in reversal of glutamate-mediated Müller cell swelling in the rat retina.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Ammonia; Animals; Cell Death; Cell Size; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypothermia; Methionine Sulfoximine; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retina; Retinal Diseases; Tissue Fixation | 2004 |
Escherichia coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase is electrostatically optimized for binding of its cognate substrates.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases; Catalytic Domain; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl; Static Electricity; Substrate Specificity | 2004 |
Ion transit pathways and gating in ClC chloride channels.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Electrophysiology; Escherichia coli K12; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Channel Gating; Membrane Potentials; Mutation; Software | 2004 |
High-resolution magic angle spinning and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveal significantly altered neuronal metabolite profiles in CLN1 but not in CLN3.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Creatine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Chaperones; Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses; Neurons; Thiolester Hydrolases | 2004 |
Glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal glucose oxidation are coupled during intense neuronal activation.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Cerebral Cortex; Convulsants; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Neurological; Neurons; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Seizures | 2004 |
Growth inhibition of Escherichia coli during heterologous expression of Bacillus subtilis glutamyl-tRNA synthetase that catalyzes the formation of mischarged glutamyl-tRNA1 Gln.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Cloning, Molecular; Colony Count, Microbial; Culture Media; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glutamate-tRNA Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isopropyl Thiogalactoside; Nitrogenous Group Transferases; Protein Biosynthesis; Recombinant Proteins; RNA, Transfer, Gln; Substrate Specificity | 2004 |
Glial regulation of nonsynaptic extracellular glutamate in the substantia nigra.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Citrates; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Extracellular Fluid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Male; Membrane Potentials; Methionine Sulfoximine; Microdialysis; Neuroglia; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glutamate; Substantia Nigra; Synaptic Transmission; Up-Regulation | 2005 |
The uptake of glutamic acid and glutamine by brain and other tissues of the rat and mouse.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Rats | 1950 |
On the determination of glutamine and glutamic acid in plasma.
Topics: Blood; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Plasma | 1950 |
Effect of melatonin on the retinal glutamate/glutamine cycle in the golden hamster retina.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cricetinae; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Melatonin; Mesocricetus; Models, Biological; Retina | 2004 |
Negatively charged residues and hydrogen bonds tune the ligand histidine pKa values of Rieske iron-sulfur proteins.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Burkholderia; Cattle; Computer Simulation; Electron Transport Complex III; Ferredoxins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron-Sulfur Proteins; Ligands; Models, Chemical; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Rhodobacter sphaeroides; Static Electricity; Thermodynamics; Titrimetry | 2004 |
Time-resolved photointermediate changes in rhodopsin glutamic acid 181 mutants.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cattle; COS Cells; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Phenylalanine; Photolysis; Protons; Rhodopsin; Schiff Bases; Spectrophotometry | 2004 |
Coregulation of glutamate uptake and long-term sensitization in Aplysia.
Topics: Animals; Aplysia; Biological Transport; Cells, Cultured; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Long-Term Potentiation; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Memory; Neurons, Afferent; Protein Kinase C; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Signal Transduction | 2004 |
Substitutions in region 2.4 of sigma70 allow recognition of the sigmaS-dependent aidB promoter.
Topics: Binding, Competitive; Deoxyribonuclease I; DNA; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Escherichia coli Proteins; Genetic Vectors; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heparin; Mutation; Plasmids; Potassium Permanganate; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Binding; Sigma Factor; Threonine; Transcription, Genetic | 2004 |
Oxygen reactions in p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase utilize the H-bond network during catalysis.
Topics: 4-Hydroxybenzoate-3-Monooxygenase; Amino Acid Substitution; Catalysis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxylation; Lysine; Methionine; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenylalanine; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Tyrosine | 2004 |
Neuroglial metabolism in the awake rat brain: CO2 fixation increases with brain activity.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carbon Radioisotopes; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Models, Biological; Neuroglia; Neurons; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Wakefulness | 2004 |
Expression of a yeast acetyl CoA hydrolase in the mitochondrion of tobacco plants inhibits growth and restricts photosynthesis.
Topics: Acetate-CoA Ligase; Acetyl-CoA Hydrolase; Biological Transport; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glyceric Acids; Glycine; Intramolecular Transferases; Mitochondria; Nicotiana; Phenotype; Photosynthesis; Plant Leaves; Plants, Genetically Modified; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase; RNA, Plant; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Starch; Sucrose; Time Factors; Transcription, Genetic; Uridine Diphosphate Glucose | 2004 |
Gln-tRNAGln formation from Glu-tRNAGln requires cooperation of an asparaginase and a Glu-tRNAGln kinase.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Ammonium Chloride; Archaea; Asparaginase; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cloning, Molecular; Enzyme Activation; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hydrolysis; Lysine; Methanobacteriaceae; Models, Chemical; Mutation; Phosphorylation; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Kinases; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; RNA, Transfer; RNA, Transfer, Gln; Threonine | 2005 |
Surgical manipulation of the intestine and distant organ damage-protection by oral glutamine supplementation.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Cell Survival; Enterocytes; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Lipid Peroxidation; Lung; Male; Mitochondrial Swelling; Peroxidase; Postoperative Complications; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species | 2005 |
Localization and differential expression of arginase II in the kidney of male and female mice.
Topics: Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cytosol; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kidney Tubules; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mitochondria; Molecular Sequence Data; Ornithine; Putrescine; RNA, Messenger; Sex Characteristics; Urea | 2005 |
Heterogeneity in 1H-MRS profiles of presymptomatic and early manifest Huntington's disease.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Early Diagnosis; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Huntington Disease; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Protons; Putamen | 2005 |
Free glutamic acid content of milk in Indian mothers.
Topics: Adult; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; India; Milk, Human | 2004 |
Cerebral glutamate metabolism in Parkinson's disease: an in vivo dynamic (13)C NMS study in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Basal Ganglia; Carbon Isotopes; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Infusions, Intravenous; Levodopa; Lipid Metabolism; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neostriatum; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Acetate | 2005 |
Evidence for glutamatergic neuronal dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex in chronic but not in first-episode patients with schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurons; Prefrontal Cortex; Protons; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Severity of Illness Index; Synaptic Transmission | 2005 |
Chemical shift magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cingulate grey matter in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Creatinine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Intelligence Tests; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Memory; Memory, Short-Term; Mental Recall; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychomotor Performance; Trail Making Test | 2005 |
Analysis of glutamine accumulation in rat brain mitochondria in the presence of a glutamine uptake inhibitor, histidine, reveals glutamine pools with a distinct access to deamidation.
Topics: Amides; Animals; Arginine; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Histidine; Lysine; Male; Mitochondria; Rats | 2004 |
Group I and II metabotropic glutamate receptors alter brain cortical metabolic and glutamate/glutamine cycle activity: a 13C NMR spectroscopy and metabolomic study.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Cortex; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Energy Metabolism; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Ligands; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Multivariate Analysis; Potassium; Principal Component Analysis; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate | 2005 |
Brain glutamine by MRS in a patient with urea cycle disorder and coma.
Topics: Adolescent; Brain; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase I Deficiency Disease; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Recovery of Function; Treatment Outcome | 2005 |
Extracellular metabolites in the cortex and hippocampus of epileptic patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cerebral Cortex; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Extracellular Fluid; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Middle Aged | 2005 |
Astrocytic function assessed from 1-14C-acetate metabolism after temporary focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Astrocytes; Blood Gas Analysis; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemodynamics; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Male; Neostriatum; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury | 2005 |
Proton pathways in green fluorescence protein.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Biophysics; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cytoplasm; Databases, Protein; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Light; Lysine; Models, Chemical; Models, Molecular; Mutation; Nitrogen; Point Mutation; Protein Conformation; Protons; Scyphozoa; Solvents; Spectrophotometry; Threonine; Time Factors; Tyrosine; Water; X-Rays | 2005 |
Elevated glutamine/glutamate ratio in cerebrospinal fluid of first episode and drug naive schizophrenic patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Reference Values; Schizophrenia | 2005 |
Proton MR spectroscopy detected glutamate/glutamine is increased in children with traumatic brain injury.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Coma; Disease Progression; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Nerve Degeneration; Occipital Lobe; Parietal Lobe; Predictive Value of Tests; Recovery of Function; Up-Regulation | 2004 |
Proton MRS in acute traumatic brain injury: role for glutamate/glutamine and choline for outcome prediction.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Creatinine; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glasgow Outcome Scale; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Time Factors | 2004 |
High-field localized 1H NMR spectroscopy in the anesthetized and in the awake monkey.
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Animals; Artifacts; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Dipeptides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hydrogen; Image Enhancement; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Macaca mulatta; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Stereoisomerism; Taurine; Wakefulness | 2004 |
In vivo quantitative 1H MRS of cerebellum and evaluation of quantitation reproducibility by simulation of different levels of noise and spectral resolution.
Topics: Adult; Artifacts; Aspartic Acid; Body Water; Cerebellum; Choline; Creatine; Dipeptides; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen; Image Enhancement; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuropeptides | 2004 |
Age-related glutamate and glutamine concentration changes in normal human brain: 1H MR spectroscopy study at 4 T.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Protons; Statistics as Topic | 2005 |
The conserved histidine 295 does not contribute to proton cotransport by the glutamate transporter EAAC1.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Line; Conserved Sequence; Cysteine; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lysine; Models, Chemical; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Protons; Rats; Symporters; Transfection | 2005 |
In vitro 1H NMR spectroscopy shows an increase in N-acetylaspartylglutamate and glutamine content in the hippocampus of amygdaloid-kindled rats.
Topics: Amino Acids; Amygdala; Animals; Creatine; Dipeptides; Disease Models, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Kindling, Neurologic; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neural Pathways; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Up-Regulation | 2005 |
Hinge residue Ile260 of DNA polymerase beta is important for enzyme activity and fidelity.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Arginine; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; DNA Polymerase beta; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Stability; Escherichia coli Proteins; Genetic Complementation Test; Genetic Variation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Isoleucine; Lysine; Peptide Fragments; Phenotype; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Rats; Substrate Specificity | 2005 |
Physiologic variability of single-voxel proton MR spectroscopic measurements at 3T.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Calibration; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Biological; Osmolar Concentration; Phantoms, Imaging; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Temporal Lobe; Time Factors | 2005 |
Lymphocytic vasculitis mimicking aggressive multifocal cerebral neoplasm: mr imaging and MR spectroscopic appearance.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lymphocytes; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Vasculitis, Central Nervous System | 2005 |
Thr-774 (transmembrane segment M5), Val-920 (M8), and Glu-954 (M9) are involved in Na+ transport, and Gln-923 (M8) is essential for Na,K-ATPase activity.
Topics: 4-Nitrophenylphosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Cations; Cell Membrane; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Green Fluorescent Proteins; HeLa Cells; Humans; Kinetics; Lipid Bilayers; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Ouabain; Oxygen; Phosphorylation; Potassium; Protein Conformation; Rats; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Threonine; Transfection; Valine | 2005 |
Adding another spectral dimension to 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Brain; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged | 2005 |
Site-directed mutagenesis of active site residues of phosphite dehydrogenase.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Arginine; Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Cysteine; Deuterium Exchange Measurement; Diethyl Pyrocarbonate; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lysine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Phosphites; Sequence Alignment | 2005 |
Free amino acid and glutathione concentrations in muscle during short-term starvation and refeeding.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Fasting; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Male; Muscle Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Nitrogen | 2005 |
Substrate specificity and ionic regulation of GlnPQ from Lactococcus lactis. An ATP-binding cassette transporter with four extracytoplasmic substrate-binding domains.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Cytoplasm; DNA Primers; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactococcus lactis; Molecular Sequence Data; Osmolar Concentration; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Substrate Specificity | 2005 |
The contribution of GABA to glutamate/glutamine cycling and energy metabolism in the rat cortex in vivo.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Biological Transport; Blood Glucose; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; GABA Modulators; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Halothane; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuroglia; Neurons; Oxidation-Reduction; Pentobarbital; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2005 |
[Detection of subclinical and overt hepatic encephalopathy and treatment control after L-ornithine-L-aspartate medication by magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS)].
Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Brain; Choline; Combined Modality Therapy; Creatinine; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Dipeptides; Energy Metabolism; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Inositol; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Reference Values; Statistics as Topic | 2005 |
Cultures of rat astrocytes challenged with a steady supply of glutamate: new model to study flux distribution in the glutamate-glutamine cycle.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Communication; Cells, Cultured; Central Nervous System; Energy Metabolism; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ethanolamines; Extracellular Fluid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Neurons; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylcholine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stress, Physiological; Synaptic Transmission; Transaminases; Up-Regulation | 2005 |
Role of the covalent glutamic acid 242-heme linkage in the formation and reactivity of redox intermediates of human myeloperoxidase.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Bromides; Chlorides; CHO Cells; Circular Dichroism; Cricetinae; Cyanides; Enzyme Stability; Eosinophil Peroxidase; Ferric Compounds; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heme; Humans; Methionine; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxidase; Recombinant Proteins | 2005 |
Release of arginine, glutamate and glutamine in the hippocampus of freely moving rats: Involvement of nitric oxide.
Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Arginine; Behavior, Animal; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Indazoles; Male; Microdialysis; N-Methylaspartate; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Donors; Oxadiazoles; Penicillamine; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Wakefulness | 2005 |
Point mutations at the type I Cu ligands, Cys457 and Met467, and at the putative proton donor, Asp105, in Myrothecium verrucaria bilirubin oxidase and reactions with dioxygen.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Copper; Cysteine; Dithionite; Fungal Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypocreales; Ligands; Methionine; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors; Oxygen; Point Mutation; Protons; Serine | 2005 |
Effect of glaucoma on the retinal glutamate/glutamine cycle activity.
Topics: Animals; Glaucoma; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hyaluronic Acid; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Melatonin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Retina | 2005 |
Release of oxidized plastocyanin from photosystem I limits electron transfer between photosystem I and cytochrome b6f complex in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Chlamydomonas; Cytochrome b6f Complex; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrons; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Mutation; NADP; Oxygen; Phenotype; Photosynthesis; Photosystem I Protein Complex; Plastocyanin; Protein Binding; Serine; Spectrophotometry; Time Factors; Tryptophan | 2005 |
Differential desensitization of homozygous haplotypes of the beta2-adrenergic receptor in lymphocytes.
Topics: Adult; Arginine; Cyclic AMP; Cysteine; Cytokines; Desensitization, Immunologic; Down-Regulation; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Haplotypes; Homozygote; Humans; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Signal Transduction; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer | 2005 |
Demonstration of kynurenine aminotransferases I and II and characterization of kynurenic acid synthesis in cultured cerebral cortical neurons.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Isoenzymes; Kynurenic Acid; Leucine; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Transaminases | 2005 |
Response of brain amino acid metabolism to ketosis.
Topics: Acetates; Acetyl Coenzyme A; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Radioisotopes; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketosis; Male; Mice; Models, Animal; Oxaloacetic Acid | 2005 |
H662 is the linchpin of ATP hydrolysis in the nucleotide-binding domain of the ABC transporter HlyB.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Crystallography, X-Ray; Dimerization; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemolysin Proteins; Histidine; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrolysis; Models, Molecular; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2005 |
A novel mutation in the PTPN11 gene in a patient with Noonan syndrome and rapidly progressive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Topics: Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cardiovascular Agents; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Imidazoles; Infant; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Male; Mutation, Missense; Noonan Syndrome; Propranolol; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Treatment Outcome | 2005 |
Ammonia effects on pyruvate/lactate production in astrocytes--interaction with glutamate.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Bucladesine; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Glycolysis; Hyperammonemia; Interneurons; Lactic Acid; Malates; Mice; Mitochondria; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Pyruvic Acid; Up-Regulation | 2005 |
MRL/lpr mice have alterations in brain metabolism as shown with [1H-13C] NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Brain Edema; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Disease Models, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Lactic Acid; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Protons; Up-Regulation | 2005 |
Catalytic residues and substrate specificity of scytalidoglutamic peptidase, the first member of the eqolisin in family (G1) of peptidases.
Topics: Catalysis; Fungi; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Mutation; Peptide Hydrolases; Protease Inhibitors; Substrate Specificity; Titrimetry | 2005 |
Kinetic analysis of the role of the tyrosine 13, phenylalanine 56 and glutamine 54 network in the U1A/U1 hairpin II interaction.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; DNA Mutational Analysis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Phenylalanine; Protein Binding; Ribonucleoprotein, U1 Small Nuclear; RNA-Binding Proteins; RNA, Small Nuclear; Tyrosine | 2005 |
Role of glutamine and neuronal glutamate uptake in glutamate homeostasis and synthesis during vesicular release in cultured glutamatergic neurons.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Citric Acid Cycle; Dicarboxylic Acids; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Mice; Mitochondria; Neurons; Potassium; Presynaptic Terminals; Pyrrolidines; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptic Vesicles | 2005 |
Fragmentation pathway for glutamine identification: loss of 73 Da from dimethylformamidine glutamine isobutyl ester.
Topics: Butanols; Deuterium; Dimethylformamide; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization | 2005 |
Importance of glutamate-generating metabolic pathways for memory consolidation in chicks.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Brain; Chickens; Discrimination Learning; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Memory; Norepinephrine | 2005 |
Haplotype association analysis of the polymorphisms Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu of the adrenergic beta2 receptor in a Swedish hypertensive population.
Topics: Arginine; Blood Pressure; Cohort Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Haplotypes; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Polymorphism, Genetic; Prospective Studies; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Sweden | 2005 |
Analysis of active site residues of botulinum neurotoxin E by mutational, functional, and structural studies: Glu335Gln is an apoenzyme.
Topics: Alanine; Apoenzymes; Arginine; Asparagine; Binding Sites; Botulinum Toxins; Catalysis; Crystallization; Enzyme Activation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Neprilysin; Neurotoxins; Protease Inhibitors; Substrate Specificity; Thermolysin; Threonine; Tyrosine | 2005 |
Titration of the bacteriorhodopsin Schiff base involves titration of an additional protein residue.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Aspartic Acid; Bacteriorhodopsins; Deuterium Exchange Measurement; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Halobacterium salinarum; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Photochemistry; Protons; Retinaldehyde; Schiff Bases; Titrimetry | 2005 |
The role of astroglia in Pb-exposed adult rat brain with respect to glutamate toxicity.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Lead; Male; Prosencephalon; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger | 2005 |
[High efficiency of L-glutamine production by coupling genetic engineered bacterial glutamine synthetase with yeast alcoholic fermentation system].
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Escherichia coli; Fermentation; Genetic Engineering; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Yeasts | 2004 |
Identification of novel targets of cephaloridine in rabbit renal proximal tubules synthesizing glutamine from alanine.
Topics: Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephaloridine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Rabbits; Time Factors | 2005 |
Formation of extracellular glutamate from glutamine: exclusion of pyroglutamate as an intermediate.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dialysis; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Male; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 2005 |
Characterization of salt-tolerant glutaminase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia NYW-81 and its application in Japanese soy sauce fermentation.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Asparagine; Aspergillus oryzae; Chromatography, Gel; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Stability; Escherichia coli; Fermentation; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Micrococcus luteus; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Pseudomonas; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Soy Foods; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Substrate Specificity; Temperature | 2005 |
Increased prefrontal and hippocampal glutamate concentration in schizophrenia: evidence from a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Chronic Disease; Electroencephalography; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Synapses | 2005 |
Mechanistic insights into the isochorismate pyruvate lyase activity of the catalytically promiscuous PchB from combinatorial mutagenesis and selection.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Cell Proliferation; Chorismate Mutase; Circular Dichroism; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Escherichia coli; Evolution, Molecular; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Library; Genetic Techniques; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Models, Chemical; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Oxo-Acid-Lyases; Plasmids; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Spectrophotometry; Viral Proteins | 2005 |
Competitive ion-exchange adsorption of proteins: competitive isotherms with controlled competitor concentration.
Topics: Adsorption; Anion Exchange Resins; Binding, Competitive; Cytochromes b5; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ion Exchange; Kinetics; Lactalbumin; Models, Chemical; Mutation; Thermodynamics | 2005 |
Amino acids and transaminases activity in ventricular CSF and in brain of normal and Alzheimer patients.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alanine Transaminase; Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acids; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values; Transaminases; Up-Regulation | 2005 |
Change in content of sugars and free amino acids in potato tubers under short-term storage at low temperature and the effect on acrylamide level after frying.
Topics: Acrylamide; Amino Acids; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cold Temperature; Color; Cooking; Food Handling; Food Preservation; Fructose; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Solanum tuberosum; Time Factors | 2005 |
164Ile allele in the beta2-Adrenergic receptor gene is associated with risk of elevated blood pressure in women. The Copenhagen City Heart Study.
Topics: Alleles; Arginine; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Denmark; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Frequency; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Haplotypes; Heart Rate; Heterozygote; Humans; Hypertension; Isoleucine; Linkage Disequilibrium; Male; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Risk; Risk Factors; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sex Factors; Time Factors | 2005 |
Normal prefrontal gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in remitted depressed subjects determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales | 2005 |
Impaired glutamine metabolism in NMDA receptor hypofunction induced by MK801.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cell Communication; Dizocilpine Maleate; Down-Regulation; Energy Metabolism; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Inositol; Male; Neuroglia; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Succinic Acid; Temporal Lobe; Up-Regulation | 2005 |
Structure of the BRCT repeat domain of MDC1 and its specificity for the free COOH-terminal end of the gamma-H2AX histone tail.
Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Amino Acid Sequence; Breast Neoplasms; Calorimetry; Cell Cycle Proteins; Crystallography, X-Ray; DNA Damage; DNA-Binding Proteins; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione Transferase; Histones; Humans; Models, Molecular; Models, Statistical; Molecular Sequence Data; Nuclear Proteins; Peptides; Phosphates; Phosphopeptides; Phosphorylation; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Serine; Trans-Activators; Tyrosine | 2005 |
Glutamate receptor-mediated effects on growth and morphology of human histiocytic lymphoma cells.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Cell Proliferation; Cell Shape; Culture Media, Serum-Free; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kainic Acid; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Microscopy, Electron; Receptors, Glutamate; Time Factors; U937 Cells | 2005 |
Reduced anterior cingulate glutamate in pediatric major depression: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adolescent; Brain Chemistry; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male | 2005 |
Lack of cardioprotection from metabolic support with glutamine or glutamate in a porcine coronary occlusion model.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemodynamics; Infusions, Intravenous; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; Male; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Probability; Random Allocation; Reference Values; Risk Factors; Sensitivity and Specificity; Swine; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Vascular Patency | 2005 |
The feeding route (enteral or parenteral) affects the plasma response of the dipetide Ala-Gln and the amino acids glutamine, citrulline and arginine, with the administration of Ala-Gln in preoperative patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amino Acids; Analysis of Variance; Arginine; Citrulline; Dietary Supplements; Dipeptides; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parenteral Nutrition; Preoperative Care | 2005 |
Individual subunits of the glutamate transporter EAAC1 homotrimer function independently of each other.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Subunits; Rats | 2005 |
Long-term treatment of rats with haloperidol: lack of an effect on brain N-acetyl aspartate levels.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Dopamine Antagonists; Drug Administration Schedule; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Haloperidol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2006 |
In vivo evidence for reduced cortical glutamate-glutamine cycling in rats treated with the antidepressant/antipanic drug phenelzine.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Biological; Phenelzine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tissue Fixation | 2005 |
A novel control scheme for inducing angiostatin-human IgG fusion protein production using recombinant CHO cells in a oscillating bioreactor.
Topics: Ammonia; Angiostatins; Animals; Bioreactors; Biotechnology; Cell Count; Cell Culture Techniques; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Culture Media; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunoglobulin G; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Recombinant Fusion Proteins | 2006 |
Does GDNF exert its neuroprotective effects on photoreceptors in the rd1 retina through the glial glutamate transporter GLAST?
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microscopy, Confocal; Neuroprotective Agents; Organ Culture Techniques; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate; Retinal Degeneration; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger | 2005 |
Evidence for glutamate-mediated excitotoxic mechanisms during photoreceptor degeneration in the rd1 mouse retina.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Amino Acids; Animals; Blotting, Western; Cell Survival; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Electroretinography; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate; Retinal Degeneration; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Up-Regulation; Vimentin | 2005 |
13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of alterations in glutamate neurotransmission.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuroglia; Neurons; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Synaptic Transmission | 2006 |
Upregulation of pentose phosphate pathway and preservation of tricarboxylic acid cycle flux after experimental brain injury.
Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries; Citric Acid Cycle; Disease Models, Animal; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Pentose Phosphate Pathway; Rats; Up-Regulation | 2005 |
High resolution 1H NMR-based metabolomics indicates a neurotransmitter cycling deficit in cerebral tissue from a mouse model of Batten disease.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Creatine; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Models, Biological; Molecular Chaperones; Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses; Neurotransmitter Agents; Phenotype; Spectrophotometry; Time Factors | 2005 |
Two rings of negative charges in the cytosolic vestibule of type-1 ryanodine receptor modulate ion fluxes.
Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Animals; Asparagine; Biophysical Phenomena; Biophysics; Calcium; Cations; Cell Line; Cytosol; DNA, Complementary; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ions; Kinetics; Lipid Bilayers; Models, Molecular; Muscle, Skeletal; Mutation; Neomycin; Potassium; Rabbits; Ryanodine; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | 2006 |
The impact of acute hypoglycemia on neuropsychological and neurometabolite profiles in children with type 1 diabetes.
Topics: Acute Disease; Aspartic Acid; Attention; Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Inositol; Insulin; Male; Memory; Memory, Short-Term; Methylamines; Neuropsychological Tests; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Time Factors | 2005 |
Crystal structure of the E230Q mutant of cAMP-dependent protein kinase reveals an unexpected apoenzyme conformation and an extended N-terminal A helix.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Substitution; Apoenzymes; Binding Sites; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Secondary | 2005 |
Metabolic disorders in the center of genetic medicine.
Topics: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Brain; Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homocystinuria; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Infant, Newborn; Mutation; Phenylketonurias | 2005 |
Molecular mechanisms of Sonic hedgehog mutant effects in holoprosencephaly.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cell Line; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hedgehog Proteins; Holoprosencephaly; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Signal Transduction; Temperature; Trans-Activators; Tryptophan | 2005 |
Adipose tissue extracts plasma ammonia after sprint exercise in women and men.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Ammonia; Bicycling; Exercise Test; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Physical Endurance; Physical Exertion; Sex Factors | 2006 |
Brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Tourette's disorder.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Mapping; Child; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Creatine; Dominance, Cerebral; Energy Metabolism; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Nerve Net; Neurons; Reference Values; Thalamus; Tourette Syndrome | 2005 |
[Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) for the diagnosis of brain tumors and the evaluation of treatment].
Topics: Acetates; Alanine; Amino Acids; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Oligodendroglioma; Phospholipids; Protons; Time Factors | 2005 |
Comparison of amino acid compositions of peptides eluted from HLA-B27 molecules of healthy individuals and patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
Topics: Adult; Arginine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HLA-B27 Antigen; Humans; Male; Peptide Fragments; Proline; Risk Factors; Sequence Analysis, Protein; Spondylitis, Ankylosing | 2006 |
Glutamate metabolism in epilepsy: 13C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy observation in the human brain.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Epilepsy; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male | 2005 |
Investigating brain metabolism at high fields using localized 13C NMR spectroscopy without 1H decoupling.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Feasibility Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Monte Carlo Method; Rats; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | 2006 |
Sensitivity-enhanced 13C MR spectroscopy of the human brain at 3 Tesla.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Isotopes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Enhancement; Lactates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Sensitivity and Specificity; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | 2006 |
Brain magnetic resonance study of Mecp2 deletion effects on anatomy and metabolism.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; CpG Islands; Energy Metabolism; Female; Gene Deletion; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Transgenic; Mutation; Neuroglia; Neurons; Phenotype | 2006 |
Glial-neuronal interactions are impaired in the schizophrenia model of repeated MK801 exposure.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isotope Labeling; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Schizophrenia | 2006 |
Metabolic effects of glutamine and glutamate ingestion in healthy subjects and in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Topics: Aged; Amino Acids; Case-Control Studies; Deuterium; Dietary Supplements; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Health Status; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Postprandial Period; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Respiratory Function Tests | 2006 |
Quantitative measurement of deamidation in lens betaB2-crystallin and peptides by direct electrospray injection and fragmentation in a Fourier transform mass spectrometer.
Topics: Amides; Amino Acid Substitution; Bacteria; beta-Crystallin B Chain; Fourier Analysis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lasers; Mass Spectrometry; Mutation; Peptide Fragments; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization | 2005 |
Metabolic changes associated with hyperammonemia in patients with propionic acidemia.
Topics: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Child; Child, Preschool; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Propionates | 2006 |
Exchange of glutamine-217 to glutamate of Clostridium limosum exoenzyme C3 turns the asparagine-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase into an arginine-modifying enzyme.
Topics: ADP Ribose Transferases; Amino Acid Sequence; Arginine; Asparagine; Botulinum Toxins; Clostridium; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Trypsin Inhibitor, Bowman-Birk Soybean | 2006 |
Carbohydrate metabolism during prolonged exercise and recovery: interactions between pyruvate dehydrogenase, fatty acids, and amino acids.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amino Acids; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Glucose; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Exercise; Fatty Acids; Femoral Artery; Femoral Vein; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Insulin; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Endurance; Protein Kinases; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Pyruvates; RNA, Messenger | 2006 |
TE-averaged two-dimensional proton spectroscopic imaging of glutamate at 3 T.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Mapping; Choline; Creatine; Echo-Planar Imaging; Fourier Analysis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Reference Values | 2006 |
Differences in brain chemistry in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without comorbid bipolar disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Bipolar Disorder; Brain Chemistry; Child; Comorbidity; Creatine; Dopamine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Serotonin; Tissue Distribution | 2006 |
Structure, function, and wavelength selection in blue-absorbing proteorhodopsin.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Archaeal Proteins; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Bacterial Chromatophores; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Retina; Rhodopsin; Rhodopsins, Microbial; Schiff Bases; Sensory Rhodopsins; Spectrophotometry; Static Electricity | 2006 |
Release of GABA from sensory neurons transduced with a GAD67-expressing vector occurs by non-vesicular mechanisms.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Drug Interactions; Electric Stimulation; Embryo, Mammalian; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia, Spinal; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isoenzymes; Neurons, Afferent; Nipecotic Acids; Oximes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Simplexvirus; Spinal Nerves; Transfection; Tubulin | 2006 |
Serum-free influenza virus production avoiding washing steps and medium exchange in large-scale microcarrier culture.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Bioreactors; Cell Count; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Line; Cells, Immobilized; Culture Media; Culture Media, Serum-Free; Dogs; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype; Lactic Acid; Microspheres; Oxygen; Virus Cultivation | 2006 |
1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T in cryptogenic and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged | 2006 |
Effect of glutamate ingestion on whole-body glutamate turnover in healthy elderly and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Case-Control Studies; Dietary Supplements; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Health Status; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrogen Isotopes; Postprandial Period; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Respiratory Function Tests | 2006 |
Increased thalamus levels of glutamate and glutamine (Glx) in patients with idiopathic generalised epilepsy.
Topics: Adult; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Generalized; Extracellular Space; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Thalamus | 2006 |
Effect of glutamine on glutathione kinetics in vivo in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Duodenum; Enteral Nutrition; Erythrocytes; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Intestinal Mucosa; Kinetics; Male; Models, Animal; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Biosynthesis | 2007 |
A glutamine to glutamate mutation at position 170 (Q170E) in the rabbit Na+/glucose cotransporter, rSGLT1, enhances binding affinity for Na+.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Computer Simulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Membrane Potentials; Methylglucosides; Oocytes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Protein Conformation; Rabbits; Sodium; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1; Xenopus laevis | 2006 |
Cerebral metabolism in brains of rats infected with neuropathogenic murine leukemia viruses.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Basal Ganglia; Brain Diseases; Brain Stem; Friend murine leukemia virus; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histocytochemistry; Leukemia, Experimental; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Retroviridae Infections; Rodent Diseases; Telencephalon; Tumor Virus Infections | 2006 |
Retrovirus producer cell line metabolism: implications on viral productivity.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Cell Count; Cell Line, Tumor; Culture Media; Fatty Acids; Fructose; Genetic Vectors; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine; Retroviridae; Virus Cultivation | 2006 |
Measurement of brain glutamate and glutamine by spectrally-selective refocusing at 3 Tesla.
Topics: Adult; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetics; Neurotransmitter Agents; Prefrontal Cortex; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | 2006 |
Novel mutations in GJA8 associated with autosomal dominant congenital cataract and microcornea.
Topics: Adult; Arginine; Case-Control Studies; Cataract; Child; Congenital Abnormalities; Connexins; Cornea; Eye Proteins; Genes, Dominant; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; India; Middle Aged; Mutation; Mutation, Missense; Myopia; Phenotype; Tyrosine | 2006 |
The metabolism of C-glucose by neurons and astrocytes in brain subregions following focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Brain Infarction; Brain Ischemia; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Communication; Cell Death; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Male; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury | 2006 |
Association study with 33 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 11 candidate genes for hypertension in Chinese.
Topics: Alanine; Asian People; Case-Control Studies; Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2; Epistasis, Genetic; Female; G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 4; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; Valine | 2006 |
Metabolic alteration transients during paroxysmal activity in an epileptic patient with fixation-off sensitivity: a case study.
Topics: Adolescent; Epilepsy; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Narcolepsy; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2006 |
HIV-1 protein gp120 rapidly impairs memory in chicks by interrupting the glutamate-glutamine cycle.
Topics: Amnesia; Animals; Astrocytes; Avoidance Learning; Biological Transport, Active; Chickens; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HIV Envelope Protein gp120; HIV-1; Male; Telencephalon | 2007 |
Active-site assembly in glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase by tRNA-mediated induced fit.
Topics: Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases; Binding Sites; Crystallography; DNA Mutational Analysis; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Protein Conformation; RNA, Transfer, Gln; Transfer RNA Aminoacylation | 2006 |
Preparation and antibacterial action of some compounds structurally related to glutamic acid. Their application in microbiological determination of small quantities of glutamine.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine | 1948 |
Quantitative determination of glutamine and glutamic acid.
Topics: Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 1948 |
Distribution of glutamine and glutamic acid in animal tissues.
Topics: Animals; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Tissues | 1949 |
Interorgan ammonia, glutamate, and glutamine trafficking in pigs with acute liver failure.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hyperammonemia; Kidney; Liver; Liver Failure, Acute; Lung; Organ Specificity; Swine; Tissue Distribution | 2006 |
Regulation of glutamine and glutamate metabolism by GlnR and GlnA in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Topics: Base Sequence; Cell Adhesion; DNA Primers; Epithelial Cells; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Pentose Phosphate Pathway; Plasmids; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Repressor Proteins; Streptococcus pneumoniae | 2006 |
Increased oxygen consumption in the somatosensory cortex of alpha-chloralose anesthetized rats during forepaw stimulation determined using MRS at 11.7 Tesla.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Chloralose; Citric Acid Cycle; Electric Stimulation; Female; Foot; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Somatosensory Cortex | 2006 |
Ion channels of N-terminally linked alamethicin dimers: enhancement of cation-selectivity by substitution of Glu for Gln at position 7.
Topics: Alamethicin; Amino Acid Substitution; Cations; Dimerization; Electric Conductivity; Electrochemistry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ion Channel Gating; Ion Channels; Sensitivity and Specificity; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2007 |
Changes in selected biochemical, muscular strength, power, and endurance measures during deliberate overreaching and tapering in rugby league players.
Topics: Adult; Biomechanical Phenomena; Creatine Kinase; Exercise Test; Football; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Physical Education and Training; Physical Endurance; Physical Exertion; Recovery of Function; Testosterone; Torque | 2007 |
Probing the role of E272 in quinol oxidation of mitochondrial complex III.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Electron Transport Complex III; Enzyme Stability; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oxidation-Reduction; Potentiometry; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Superoxides; Ubiquinone | 2006 |
Evidence for a catalytic Mg2+ ion and effect of phosphate on the activity of Escherichia coli phosphofructokinase-2: regulatory properties of a ribokinase family member.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Allosteric Regulation; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Catalysis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnesium; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; Phosphates; Phosphofructokinase-2; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) | 2006 |
Oestradiol up-regulates glutamine synthetase mRNA and protein expression in the hypothalamus and hippocampus: implications for a role of hormonally responsive glia in amino acid neurotransmission.
Topics: Animals; Cell Communication; Estradiol; Female; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Hypothalamus; Mice; Neuroglia; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Random Allocation; RNA, Messenger; Synaptic Transmission; Up-Regulation | 2006 |
Ammonium chloride and alpha-ketoglutaric acid increase glutamine availability in the early phase of induced acute metabolic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis; Acute Disease; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Citrulline; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestinal Mucosa; Ketoglutaric Acids; Liver; Muscle, Skeletal; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Sus scrofa; Urea | 2006 |
The neurochemical basis of human cortical auditory processing: combining proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetoencephalography.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Auditory Cortex; Choline; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetoencephalography; Male; Middle Aged | 2006 |
Determination of d-serine and related neuroactive amino acids in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection.
Topics: Amino Acids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cysteine; Fluorometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Molecular Structure; o-Phthalaldehyde; Serine; Stereoisomerism | 2006 |
Estradiol stimulates the biosynthetic pathways of breast cancer cells: detection by metabolic flux analysis.
Topics: Algorithms; Amino Acids; Biosynthetic Pathways; Breast Neoplasms; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Estradiol; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Mitochondria; Models, Biological; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular | 2006 |
MR spectroscopy: predicting long-term neuropsychological outcome following pediatric TBI.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Brain Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Inositol; Linear Models; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Predictive Value of Tests; Recovery of Function; Statistics, Nonparametric | 2006 |
Topiramate raises anterior cingulate cortex glutamine levels in healthy men; a 4.0 T magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Fructose; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Topiramate | 2006 |
Cognitive impairment and in vivo metabolites in first-episode neuroleptic-naive and chronic medicated schizophrenic patients: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Creatine; Dominance, Cerebral; Energy Metabolism; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mental Recall; Middle Aged; Neurons; Phosphocreatine; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Reference Values; Schizophrenia; Verbal Learning | 2007 |
CRACM1 multimers form the ion-selective pore of the CRAC channel.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Blotting, Western; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Cell Line; Cloning, Molecular; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Immunoprecipitation; Ion Transport; Membrane Proteins; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Multiprotein Complexes; Mutation, Missense; Neoplasm Proteins; ORAI1 Protein; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Sequence Alignment; Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 | 2006 |
Biochemical and molecular characterization of the biosynthesis of glutamine and glutamate, two major compatible solutes in the moderately halophilic bacterium Halobacillus halophilus.
Topics: Bacillaceae; Chlorides; DNA, Bacterial; Enzyme Induction; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride | 2006 |
Glutamine gluconeogenesis in the small intestine of 72 h-fasted adult rats is undetectable.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Blood Glucose; Fasting; Gluconeogenesis; Glucosamine; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hexokinase; In Vitro Techniques; Intestine, Small; Male; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Portal Vein; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar | 2007 |
Glutamine regulates expression of key transcription factor, signal transduction, metabolic gene, and protein expression in a clonal pancreatic beta-cell line.
Topics: Blotting, Western; Calcineurin; Clone Cells; Depression, Chemical; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeodomain Proteins; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Insulin-Secreting Cells; N-Methylaspartate; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Proteins; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Signal Transduction; Time Factors; Trans-Activators; Transcription Factors | 2006 |
Mania, glutamate/glutamine and risperidone in pediatric bipolar disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of the anterior cingulate cortex.
Topics: Adolescent; Antipsychotic Agents; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Bipolar Disorder; Child; Comorbidity; Creatine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Risperidone | 2007 |
Glutamate is preferred over glutamine for intermediary metabolism in cultured cerebellar neurons.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Citric Acid Cycle; Culture Media; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Neurons; Succinic Acid | 2007 |
[The functional relevance of Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu-beta2-adrenoreceptor polymorphism in patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arginine; Asthma; Female; Gene Frequency; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Linkage Disequilibrium; Male; Middle Aged; Poland; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Respiratory Function Tests; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Sex Distribution | 2005 |
L-glutamate and glutamine improve haemodynamic function and restore myocardial glycogen content during postischaemic reperfusion: A radioactive tracer study in the rat isolated heart.
Topics: Animals; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen; Heart; Male; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Ventricular Function, Left | 2006 |
The NHR1 domain of Neuralized binds Delta and mediates Delta trafficking and Notch signaling.
Topics: Alleles; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cell Membrane; Conserved Sequence; Drosophila melanogaster; Drosophila Proteins; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Endocytosis; Endosomes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Neurons; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protein Transport; Receptors, Notch; Signal Transduction; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases | 2007 |
Catalytic site modifications of TAP1 and TAP2 and their functional consequences.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 3; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Baculoviridae; Binding Sites; Catalytic Domain; Cell Line, Tumor; Genetic Vectors; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Humans; Nucleotides; Protein Transport | 2006 |
Modulation of epileptiform activity by glutamine and system A transport in a model of post-traumatic epilepsy.
Topics: Action Potentials; Amino Acid Transport System A; Amino Acid Transport Systems; Animals; beta-Alanine; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Cortex; Cortical Spreading Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic; Evoked Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Organ Culture Techniques; Rats | 2007 |
Measurements of the anaplerotic rate in the human cerebral cortex using 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy and [1-13C] and [2-13C] glucose.
Topics: Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketone Oxidoreductases; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Biological; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Time Factors | 2007 |
Kinetics of glial glutamine efflux and the mechanism of neuronal uptake studied in vivo in mildly hyperammonemic rat brain.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System A; Amino Acid Transport System ASC; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Amino Acid Transport Systems; Animals; Brain; Cell Communication; Enzyme Inhibitors; Extracellular Fluid; Fusion Regulatory Protein 1, Light Chains; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hyperammonemia; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Microdialysis; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; Neuroglia; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2006 |
Nucleocapsid amino acids 211 to 254, in particular, tetrad glutamines, are essential for the interaction between the nucleocapsid and membrane proteins of SARS-associated coronavirus.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Binding Sites; Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nucleocapsid; Nucleocapsid Proteins; Peptides; Protein Binding; Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | 2006 |
Single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in post-stroke depression.
Topics: Aged; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Infarction; Choline; Creatine; Depressive Disorder; Dominance, Cerebral; Energy Metabolism; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Synaptic Transmission; Tomography, X-Ray Computed | 2006 |
Two Finnish USH1B patients with three novel mutations in myosin VIIA.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Codon, Nonsense; Dyneins; Female; Finland; Frameshift Mutation; Gene Deletion; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heterozygote; Humans; Lysine; Male; Mutation; Myosin VIIa; Myosins; Pedigree; Usher Syndromes | 2006 |
Adolescent anorexia nervosa: cross-sectional and follow-up frontal gray matter disturbances detected with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adolescent; Anorexia Nervosa; Aspartic Acid; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Child; Choline; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hospitalization; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuropsychological Tests; Reference Values | 2007 |
Medium optimization by combination of response surface methodology and desirability function: an application in glutamine production.
Topics: Biotechnology; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Culture Media; Fermentation; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 2007 |
Effects of acute exhaustive physical exercise upon glutamine metabolism of lymphocytes from trained rats.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Proliferation; Exercise Test; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lymphocytes; Male; Physical Exertion; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2007 |
Arginine and urea metabolism in the liver graft: A study using microdialysis in human orthotopic liver transplantation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arginine; Brain Death; Cadaver; Citrulline; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Liver Transplantation; Microdialysis; Middle Aged; Ornithine; Tissue Donors; Urea | 2006 |
Computational study of iron(II) and -(III) complexes with a simple model human H ferritin ferroxidase center.
Topics: Alanine; Ceruloplasmin; Computational Biology; Ferric Compounds; Ferritins; Ferrous Compounds; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Models, Molecular; Peroxides | 2006 |
A CSF and postmortem brain study of D-serine metabolic parameters in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain; D-Amino-Acid Oxidase; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parietal Lobe; Racemases and Epimerases; Reference Values; Schizophrenia; Serine | 2007 |
Acute alterations of glutamate, glutamine, GABA, and other amino acids after spinal cord contusion in rats.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Citrulline; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spinal Cord Injuries; Taurine | 2007 |
A novel mouse protein differentially regulated by androgens in the submandibular and lacrimal glands.
Topics: Androgens; Animals; Down-Regulation; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lacrimal Apparatus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Orchiectomy; Ovariectomy; Proline; Protein Sorting Signals; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Sex Characteristics; Submandibular Gland; Testosterone; Up-Regulation | 2007 |
The all-trans-15-syn-retinal chromophore of metarhodopsin III is a partial agonist and not an inverse agonist.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Cattle; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isomerism; Ligands; Photochemistry; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Rhodopsin; Schiff Bases; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Vitamin A | 2006 |
Measurement of brain metabolites in patients with type 2 diabetes and major depression using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales | 2007 |
Methylmercury induces oxidative injury, alterations in permeability and glutamine transport in cultured astrocytes.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cells, Cultured; Central Nervous System; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lipid Peroxidation; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Mercury Poisoning, Nervous System; Methylmercury Compounds; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Membranes; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; RNA, Messenger | 2007 |
Long-term kainic acid exposure reveals compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine metabolism in cultured cerebellar neurons.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Culture Media; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isotope Labeling; Kainic Acid; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neurons; Neurotoxins | 2007 |
Reduction in occipital cortex gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations in medication-free recovered unipolar depressed and bipolar subjects.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Brain Mapping; Depressive Disorder; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Reference Values | 2007 |
Oral L-glutamine increases GABA levels in striatal tissue and extracellular fluid.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Extracellular Fluid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Kinetics; Male; Models, Biological; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2007 |
Simultaneous detection of resolved glutamate, glutamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid at 4 T.
Topics: Algorithms; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Complex Mixtures; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2007 |
Cerebral glutamine and glutamate levels in relation to compromised energy metabolism: a microdialysis study in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.
Topics: Astrocytes; Brain; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Neurons; Pyruvic Acid; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | 2007 |
A combined spectroscopic and functional MRI investigation of the dorsal anterior cingulate region in opiate addiction.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Arousal; Aspartic Acid; Brain Mapping; Case-Control Studies; Cerebellum; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Opioid-Related Disorders; Parietal Lobe; Psychomotor Performance; Time Factors | 2007 |
Functional P2X7 receptor polymorphisms (His155Tyr, Arg307Gln, Glu496Ala) in patients with Crohn's disease.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Arginine; Case-Control Studies; Crohn Disease; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Humans; Male; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Receptors, Purinergic P2; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; Tyrosine | 2007 |
Novel strategy for cerebral 13C MRS using very low RF power for proton decoupling.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Macaca mulatta; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Protons | 2007 |
Expression of functional human glutaminase in baculovirus system: affinity purification, kinetic and molecular characterization.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Baculoviridae; Catalysis; Cell Line; Cell Nucleus; Chromatography, Affinity; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Genetic Vectors; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Mitochondria; Recombinant Proteins; Spodoptera; Transfection | 2007 |
Reduced prefrontal glutamate/glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in major depression determined using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Cell Count; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroglia; Prefrontal Cortex | 2007 |
Formation and activity of template-assembled receptor signaling complexes.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Bacterial Proteins; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine Kinase; Kinetics; Light; Membrane Proteins; Methyl-Accepting Chemotaxis Proteins; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Scattering, Radiation; Signal Transduction | 2007 |
Hippocampal sclerosis: MR prediction of seizure intractability.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prognosis; Sclerosis; Severity of Illness Index; Temporal Lobe | 2007 |
Reduced cingulate glutamate/glutamine-to-creatine ratios in adult patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder -- a magnet resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Choline; Creatine; Dominance, Cerebral; Dopamine; Female; Germany; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prefrontal Cortex | 2007 |
Hypoglutamatergic activity in the STOP knockout mouse: a potential model for chronic untreated schizophrenia.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Neurons; Schizophrenia; Synaptic Vesicles | 2007 |
High-affinity glycine and glutamate transport in pig forebrain white and gray matter: a quantitative study.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Glutathione; Glycine; Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase; Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Kainic Acid; Prosencephalon; Sarcosine; Serine; Swine | 2007 |
L-glutamine in vitro regulates rat aortic glutamate content and modulates nitric oxide formation and contractility responses.
Topics: 3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide); Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelium, Vascular; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Leucine; Male; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Donors; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Triazenes; Vasodilation | 2007 |
Cold exposure and associated metabolic changes in adult tropical beetles exposed to fluctuating thermal regimes.
Topics: Acclimatization; Alanine; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Essential; Animals; Arginine; Body Temperature; Cold Temperature; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycerol; Inositol; Lysine; Proline; Ribitol; Sorbitol; Survival Analysis; Temperature; Tenebrio; Threonine; Trehalose; Tropical Climate; Valine | 2007 |
Glutamate measurement in Parkinson's disease using MRS at 3 T field strength.
Topics: Antiparkinson Agents; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Levodopa; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Parkinson Disease; Reference Values | 2007 |
Striatal creatine and glutamate/glutamine in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Child; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Creatine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Methylphenidate; Neural Pathways; Occipital Lobe; Phosphocreatine; Prefrontal Cortex; Reference Values | 2007 |
Glu 69 is essential for the high sensitivity of muscle fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase inhibition by calcium ions.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Calcium; Cations, Divalent; Fructose-Bisphosphatase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Muscle, Skeletal; Point Mutation; Rabbits | 2007 |
Metabolism of glutamine and glutathione via gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and glutamate transport in Helicobacter pylori: possible significance in the pathophysiology of the organism.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems, Acidic; Catalysis; Cloning, Molecular; Cytosol; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Activation; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Helicobacter pylori; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Recombinant Proteins; Substrate Specificity | 2007 |
On the reliability of (13)C metabolic modeling with two-compartment neuronal-glial models.
Topics: Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Neurological; Monte Carlo Method; Neuroglia; Neurons | 2007 |
Energy sources for glutamate neurotransmission in the retina: absence of the aspartate/glutamate carrier produces reliance on glycolysis in glia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Acidic; Animals; Antiporters; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Malates; Male; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Neuroglia; Neurons; Organ Culture Techniques; Photoreceptor Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retina; Synaptic Transmission; Vision, Ocular | 2007 |
Glutamine as an energy substrate in cultured neurons during glucose deprivation.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Neurons; Oxygen Consumption | 2007 |
Glutamine and glutamate levels in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder: a 4.0-T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of the anterior cingulate cortex.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Bipolar Disorder; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuroglia; Occipital Lobe; Protons; Psychotropic Drugs | 2007 |
A novel mutation in the HSPD1 gene in a patient with hereditary spastic paraplegia.
Topics: Aged; Chaperonin 60; Chaperonins; Denmark; Family Health; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Middle Aged; Mitochondrial Proteins; Mutation, Missense; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary | 2007 |
Brain energy metabolism and neurotransmission at near-freezing temperatures: in vivo (1)H MRS study of a hibernating mammal.
Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Cold Temperature; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Ethanolamines; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hibernation; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Sciuridae; Synaptic Transmission; Taurine | 2007 |
Polymorphisms in the paraoxonase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase genes and the risk of early-onset myocardial infarction.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arginine; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Aspartic Acid; Cohort Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors | 2007 |
The effect of sodium valproate on proton MRS visible neurochemical concentrations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Algorithms; Anticonvulsants; Brain Chemistry; Dipeptides; Epilepsy; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Valproic Acid | 2007 |
Hypoxia upregulates amino acid transport in a human neuroblastoma cell line.
Topics: Amino Acids; Biological Transport; Cell Hypoxia; Cycloheximide; Dactinomycin; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypoxia; Leucine; Neuroblastoma; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Up-Regulation | 2007 |
Glycogen is a preferred glutamate precursor during learning in 1-day-old chick: biochemical and behavioral evidence.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Arabinose; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Chickens; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Deoxyglucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen; Imino Furanoses; Learning; Neurons; Sugar Alcohols | 2007 |
Study pharmacologic of the GABAergic and glutamatergic drugs on seizures and status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine in adult Wistar rats.
Topics: Amines; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketamine; Male; Muscarinic Agonists; N-Methylaspartate; Phenobarbital; Pilocarpine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Seizures; Status Epilepticus; Vigabatrin | 2007 |
Effects of glutamine, glucose, and oxygen concentration on the metabolism and proliferation of rabbit adipose-derived stem cells.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult Stem Cells; Animals; Cell Death; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Oxygen; Rabbits | 2006 |
Beta2-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms and risk of ischemic stroke.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alleles; Case-Control Studies; DNA; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Risk Factors; Stroke | 2007 |
Hyperammonemia acts synergistically with lipopolysaccharide in inducing changes in cerebral hemodynamics in rats anaesthetised with pentobarbital.
Topics: Amiloride; Ammonia; Anesthesia; Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Drug Synergism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hyperammonemia; Intracranial Pressure; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Pentobarbital; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium Channel Blockers; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2007 |
Prediction of product ion isotope ratios in the tandem electrospray ionization mass spectra from the second isotope of tryptic peptides: identification of the variant beta 131 Gln-->Glu, hemoglobin Camden.
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Models, Chemical; Trypsin | 2007 |
Adrenergic receptor genotype influence on midthigh intermuscular fat response to strength training in middle-aged and older adults.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Black or African American; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Exercise; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Thigh; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Weight Lifting; White People | 2007 |
Oxidation of (14)C-labeled compounds perfused by microdialysis in the brains of free-moving rats.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; Coumaric Acids; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactates; Microdialysis; Oxidation-Reduction; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Wakefulness | 2007 |
Deamidation alters the structure and decreases the stability of human lens betaA3-crystallin.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; beta-Crystallin A Chain; Chemical Precipitation; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Circular Dichroism; Dimerization; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lens, Crystalline; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Recombinant Proteins; Scattering, Radiation; Urea | 2007 |
Neurochemical and structural correlates of executive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Amygdala; Aspartic Acid; Atrophy; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Dominance, Cerebral; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Prefrontal Cortex; Problem Solving; Schizophrenia, Paranoid | 2008 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in adult-onset citrullinemia: elevated glutamine levels in comatose patients.
Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Biomarkers; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Citrulline; Citrullinemia; Coma; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease Progression; Early Diagnosis; Fatal Outcome; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Predictive Value of Tests | 2007 |
How can a single second sphere amino acid substitution cause reduction midpoint potential changes of hundreds of millivolts?
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Binding Sites; Circular Dichroism; Crystallography, X-Ray; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Ferric Compounds; Ferrous Compounds; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Hydrogen Bonding; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Oxidation-Reduction; Structure-Activity Relationship; Superoxide Dismutase | 2007 |
Structure determination and biochemical studies on Bacillus stearothermophilus E53Q serine hydroxymethyltransferase and its complexes provide insights on function and enzyme memory.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Bacterial Proteins; Catalysis; Circular Dichroism; Crystallography, X-Ray; Formyltetrahydrofolates; Geobacillus stearothermophilus; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation; Spectrophotometry; Tetrahydrofolates | 2007 |
Morphological and metabolic changes in the cortex of mice lacking the functional presynaptic active zone protein bassoon: a combined 1H-NMR spectroscopy and histochemical study.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Mapping; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histocytochemistry; Male; Manganese; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Mutant Strains; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuroglia; Neurons; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Presynaptic Terminals; Protons | 2008 |
Salinity-dependent switching of osmolyte strategies in a moderately halophilic bacterium: glutamate induces proline biosynthesis in Halobacillus halophilus.
Topics: Anions; Bacillaceae; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glutamate-5-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Operon; Phosphotransferases (Carboxyl Group Acceptor); Polymerase Chain Reaction; Proline; Pyrroline Carboxylate Reductases; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Transcription, Genetic; Transcriptional Activation | 2007 |
Brain metabolite abnormalities in the white matter of elderly schizophrenic subjects: implication for glial dysfunction.
Topics: Aged; Alanine; Brain; Brain Mapping; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroglia; Protons; Schizophrenia | 2007 |
Association of reduced extracellular brain ammonia, lactate, and intracranial pressure in pigs with acute liver failure.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Disease Models, Animal; Extracellular Space; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intracranial Pressure; Lactic Acid; Liver Failure, Acute; Sorption Detoxification; Swine | 2007 |
Excitatory synaptic transmission persists independently of the glutamate-glutamine cycle.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Electric Stimulation; Embryo, Mammalian; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Agents; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Methionine Sulfoximine; Neurons; Organ Culture Techniques; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 2007 |
Metabolism of [U-13C]glutamine and [U-13C]glutamate in isolated rat brain mitochondria suggests functional phosphate-activated glutaminase activity in matrix.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Enzyme Activation; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Mitochondria; Phosphates; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2008 |
Axonal damage but no increased glial cell activity in the normal-appearing white matter of patients with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis using high-field magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Axons; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Neuroglia; Osmolar Concentration | 2007 |
Erythrocyte glutamine depletion, altered redox environment, and pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Echinococcosis, Pulmonary; Erythrocytes; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemolysis; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; NADP; Nitric Oxide; Oxidation-Reduction; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency | 2008 |
Interaction of sulfur and nitrogen nutrition in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants: significance of nitrogen source and root nitrate reductase.
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Models, Biological; Nicotiana; Nitrate Reductase; Nitrogen; Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Plant Transpiration; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Sulfur; Xylem | 2007 |
Altered cerebral glucose and acetate metabolism in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase-deficient mice: evidence for glial dysfunction and reduced glutamate/glutamine cycling.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Glucose; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Neuroglia; Sodium Oxybate; Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase; Time Factors | 2007 |
Molecular architecture of strictosidine glucosidase: the gateway to the biosynthesis of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid family.
Topics: Binding Sites; Catalysis; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glucosidases; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Indole Alkaloids; Kinetics; Ligands; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutant Proteins; Protein Structure, Secondary; Rauwolfia; Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids; Substrate Specificity; Vinca Alkaloids | 2007 |
Glutamine deamidation by cereal-associated lactic acid bacteria.
Topics: Bread; Culture Media; Fermentation; Flour; Food Microbiology; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactobacillus; Taste; Triticum | 2007 |
Assessment of metabolite quantitation reproducibility in serial 3D-(1)H-MR spectroscopic imaging of human brain using stereotactic repositioning.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phantoms, Imaging; Phosphocreatine; Reproducibility of Results; Stereotaxic Techniques | 2007 |
Combining metabolic flux analysis tools and 13C NMR to estimate intracellular fluxes of cultured astrocytes.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Isotopes; Cells, Cultured; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intracellular Fluid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Neurochemistry; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Pyruvic Acid | 2008 |
Longitudinal grey-matter and glutamatergic losses in first-episode schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Schizophrenia; Thalamus; Time Factors | 2007 |
Pro-inflammatory cytokines increase glucose, alanine and triacylglycerol utilization but inhibit insulin secretion in a clonal pancreatic beta-cell line.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cell Line; Cytochalasin D; Cytokines; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-1beta; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactic Acid; Triglycerides; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2007 |
Strongly coupled versus uncoupled spin response to radio frequency interference effects: application to glutamate and glutamine in spectroscopic imaging.
Topics: Computer Simulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phantoms, Imaging; Radio Waves | 2008 |
Cerebral diffusion tensor imaging and in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with fulminant hepatic failure.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anisotropy; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Choline; Creatine; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Parietal Lobe; Prognosis; Protons; Time Factors | 2008 |
Close coupling between astrocytic and neuronal metabolisms to fulfill anaplerotic and energy needs in the rat brain.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Consciousness; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2008 |
Characterisation of glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (EC 2.6.1.16) and N-acetylglucosamine metabolism in Bifidobacterium.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Bifidobacterium; Catalytic Domain; Cloning, Molecular; Conserved Sequence; Enzyme Stability; Escherichia coli; Fructosephosphates; Gene Expression; Glucosamine; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Models, Biological; Molecular Sequence Data; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Temperature | 2008 |
Glutamate versus glutamine exchange swaps substrate selectivity in tRNA-guanine transglycosylase: insight into the regulation of substrate selectivity by kinetic and crystallographic studies.
Topics: Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Crystallography, X-Ray; DNA Primers; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen Bonding; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Pentosyltransferases; Protein Conformation; Substrate Specificity; Zymomonas | 2007 |
A positive correlation between alpha-glutamate and glutamine on brain 1H-MR spectroscopy and neonatal seizures in moderate and severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
Topics: Biomarkers; Brain; Epilepsy, Benign Neonatal; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypoxia, Brain; Infant, Newborn; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Protons; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Statistics as Topic | 2008 |
Glutamine as a precursor for transmitter glutamate, aspartate and GABA in the cerebellum: a role for phosphate-activated glutaminase.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Nerve Fibers; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2008 |
Identification of BRCA1 missense substitutions that confer partial functional activity: potential moderate risk variants?
Topics: Alanine; Arginine; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Centrosome; DNA, Complementary; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Genes, BRCA1; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Mutation, Missense; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Plasmids; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Predictive Value of Tests; Receptors, Estrogen; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Valine | 2007 |
Microbial production of L -glutamate and L -glutamine by recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum harboring Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene vgb.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Biomass; Bioreactors; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Engineering; Recombinant Proteins; Truncated Hemoglobins | 2008 |
Cerebral blood flow autoregulation in experimental liver failure.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Intracranial Hypertension; Intracranial Pressure; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Liver Failure, Acute; Male; Models, Cardiovascular; Necrosis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Water | 2008 |
Metabolic changes detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo and in vitro in a murin model of Parkinson's disease, the MPTP-intoxicated mouse.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neural Pathways; Neurochemistry; Neurotransmitter Agents; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protons; Substantia Nigra; Synaptic Transmission; Up-Regulation | 2008 |
HIV-infected macrophages mediate neuronal apoptosis through mitochondrial glutaminase.
Topics: AIDS Dementia Complex; Animals; Apoptosis; Brain; Caspases; Cell Cycle; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media, Conditioned; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Macrophages; Mitochondria; Monocytes; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Rats | 2008 |
Metabolic alterations in medication-free patients with bipolar disorder: a 3T CSF-corrected magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Caudate Nucleus; Corpus Striatum; Creatine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dominance, Cerebral; Energy Metabolism; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values | 2008 |
Localized sensitivity enhanced in vivo 13C MRS to detect glucose metabolism in the mouse brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice | 2008 |
Spectral simplification for resolved glutamate and glutamine measurement using a standard STEAM sequence with optimized timing parameters at 3, 4, 4.7, 7, and 9.4T.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Computer Simulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phantoms, Imaging; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2008 |
Exploiting the chemical shift displacement effect in the detection of glutamate and glutamine (Glx) with PRESS.
Topics: Algorithms; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Protons; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2008 |
Metabonomic analysis identifies molecular changes associated with the pathophysiology and drug treatment of bipolar disorder.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antimanic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Creatine; Disease Models, Animal; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Reference Values | 2009 |
In vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy-derived metabolite variations between acute-on-chronic liver failure and acute liver failure.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Chronic Disease; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Liver Failure, Acute; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2008 |
Regional apparent metabolite concentrations in young adult brain measured by (1)H MR spectroscopy at 3 Tesla.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Dipeptides; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male | 2008 |
Role of a conserved glutamine residue in tuning the catalytic activity of Escherichia coli cytochrome c nitrite reductase.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Circular Dichroism; Crystallization; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cytochrome c Group; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Models, Molecular | 2008 |
(1)H-MRS profile in MRI positive- versus MRI negative patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Protons; Sclerosis | 2008 |
Genetic variability of nitrogen accumulation during vegetative development and remobilization during the forcing process in witloof chicory tuberized root (Cichorium intybus L.).
Topics: Biomass; Cichorium intybus; Cluster Analysis; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nitrates; Nitrogen | 2008 |
Systems approach identifies an organic nitrogen-responsive gene network that is regulated by the master clock control gene CCA1.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Circadian Rhythm; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Regulatory Networks; Genome, Plant; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Models, Genetic; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Binding; Reproducibility of Results; RNA, Messenger; Seedlings; Signal Transduction; Transcription Factors | 2008 |
Exogenous ammonium inhibits petal pigmentation and expansion in Gerbera hybrida.
Topics: Anthocyanins; Asteraceae; Azaserine; Cells, Cultured; Flowers; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Methionine Sulfoximine; Pigmentation; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Time Factors | 2008 |
Simultaneous observation of glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamine in human brain at 4.7 T using localized two-dimensional constant-time correlation spectroscopy.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Creatine; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Energy Transfer; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Enhancement; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetics; Phantoms, Imaging; Protons; Radio Waves; Sensitivity and Specificity; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | 2008 |
Experimental and theoretical studies of sodium cation complexes of the deamidation and dehydration products of asparagine, glutamine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid.
Topics: Amides; Amino Acids; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Models, Chemical; Sodium; Thermodynamics; Water | 2008 |
Role of the familial Dutch mutation E22Q in the folding and aggregation of the 15-28 fragment of the Alzheimer amyloid-beta protein.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Entropy; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation, Missense; Netherlands; Peptide Fragments; Protein Conformation; Protein Folding; White People | 2008 |
Spastin oligomerizes into a hexamer and the mutant spastin (E442Q) redistribute the wild-type spastin into filamentous microtubule.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities; Chromatography, Gel; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Humans; Immunoprecipitation; Mice; Microtubules; Models, Molecular; Mutation; Nerve Tissue Proteins; NIH 3T3 Cells; Nuclear Proteins; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protein Transport; Spastin; Transfection; Vesicular Transport Proteins | 2008 |
[Effect of dizocilpine maleate and taurine on the circuitry of glutamate and glutamine in rat striatum exposed by manganese].
Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Corpus Striatum; Dizocilpine Maleate; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Manganese; Manganese Compounds; Neuroprotective Agents; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Taurine | 2008 |
Accelerated proton echo planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI) using GRAPPA with a 32-channel phased-array coil.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Feasibility Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phantoms, Imaging; Protons | 2008 |
Analysis of glutamine, glutamate, pyroglutamate, and GABA in cerebrospinal fluid using ion pairing HPLC with positive electrospray LC/MS/MS.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; Rats; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization | 2008 |
Anterior cingulate glutamate-glutamine levels predict symptom severity in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Predictive Value of Tests; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors | 2008 |
Reduced parietooccipital white matter glutamine measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in treated graves' disease patients.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Dipeptides; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Graves Disease; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Parietal Lobe; Prospective Studies | 2008 |
The conserved salt bridge in human alpha-defensin 5 is required for its precursor processing and proteolytic stability.
Topics: alpha-Defensins; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Arginine; Cattle; Dimerization; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Oxidative Stress; Salts; Trypsin | 2008 |
The 2007 ESPEN Sir David Cuthbertson Lecture: amino acids between and within organs. The glutamate-glutamine-citrulline-arginine pathway.
Topics: Amino Acids; Arginine; Citrulline; Critical Illness; Enteral Nutrition; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kidney; Liver; Organ Specificity; Parenteral Nutrition | 2008 |
[Noninvasive quantification of glutamine and glutamate in skeletal muscles of perioperative rabbits with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy].
Topics: Animals; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Rabbits; Wounds and Injuries | 2008 |
Structural impact of the E113Q counterion mutation on the activation and deactivation pathways of the G protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin.
Topics: Animals; Chlorocebus aethiops; COS Cells; Disulfides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mutant Proteins; Mutation; Protein Precursors; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protons; Rhodopsin; Schiff Bases; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2008 |
[Quantitation of glutamate in the brain by using MR proton spectroscopy at 1.5 T and 3 T].
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Dominance, Cerebral; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; In Vitro Techniques; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phantoms, Imaging; Reference Values; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thalamus | 2008 |
Adaptation of brain glutamate plus glutamine during abstinence from chronic methamphetamine use.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Brain; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Methamphetamine; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2008 |
A 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study in adults with obsessive compulsive disorder: relationship between metabolite concentrations and symptom severity.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Mapping; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Principal Component Analysis; Protons; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2008 |
Blockade of GABA synthesis only affects neural excitability under activated conditions in rat hippocampal slices.
Topics: 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Creatine; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Agents; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Membrane Potentials; Nerve Net; Neurons; Potassium; Rats; Seizures; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2008 |
Decreased plasma glutamate in early phases of septic shock with acute liver dysfunction is an independent predictor of survival.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; APACHE; Area Under Curve; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Organ Failure; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; ROC Curve; Shock, Septic; Treatment Outcome | 2008 |
Effects of surface-to-volume ratio of proteins on hydrophilic residues: decrease in occurrence and increase in buried fraction.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Arginine; Databases, Protein; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Linear Models; Lysine; Mathematics; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Proteins; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2008 |
Abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal-glial interactions in acute mania.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Occipital Lobe; Parietal Lobe; Pilot Projects; Reference Values; Schizophrenia; Synaptic Transmission; Young Adult | 2008 |
Effect of taurine on the concentrations of glutamate, GABA, glutamine and alanine in the rat striatum and hippocampus.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Chlorides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Neostriatum; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine | 2007 |
Molecular and functional analyses support a role of Ornithine-{delta}-aminotransferase in the provision of glutamate for glutamine biosynthesis during pine germination.
Topics: Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Complementary; Germination; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ornithine-Oxo-Acid Transaminase; Pinus sylvestris; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Seedlings; Seeds | 2008 |
Pseudodeficiency of glutamine in infant liver disease.
Topics: Cholestasis; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Liver Diseases; Male | 2009 |
Mutations to the kainate receptor subunit GluR6 binding pocket that selectively affect domoate binding.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Binding Sites; Cell Line; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrophysiology; GluK2 Kainate Receptor; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Kainic Acid; Kidney; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Rats; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Recombinant Proteins; Transfection | 2008 |
1H/13C MR spectroscopic imaging of regionally specific metabolic alterations after experimental stroke.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Animal; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neuropsychological Tests; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stroke | 2008 |
Glutamine-induced membrane currents in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.
Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Embryo, Mammalian; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Sodium | 2008 |
In vivo evidence for alcohol-induced neurochemical changes in rat brain without protracted withdrawal, pronounced thiamine deficiency, or severe liver damage.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Choline; Ethanol; Fatty Liver; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen Storage Disease; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Thiamine Monophosphate | 2009 |
Comparison of nitrogen narcosis and helium pressure effects on striatal amino acids: a microdialysis study in rats.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Helium; Inert Gas Narcosis; Male; Microdialysis; Nitrogen; Pressure; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2009 |
Determination of the glutamate-glutamine cycling flux using two-compartment dynamic metabolic modeling is sensitive to astroglial dilution.
Topics: Astrocytes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Models, Biological; Monte Carlo Method; Substrate Specificity | 2009 |
An isocratic fluorescence HPLC assay for the monitoring of l-asparaginase activity and l-asparagine depletion in children receiving E. colil-asparaginase for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Topics: Adolescent; Antineoplastic Agents; Asparaginase; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Escherichia coli Proteins; Fluorescence; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homoserine; Humans; Least-Squares Analysis; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2009 |
Association of MUTYH Gln324His and APEX1 Asp148Glu with colorectal cancer and smoking in a Japanese population.
Topics: Aged; Asian People; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; DNA Glycosylases; DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Smoking | 2008 |
System A transporter SAT2 mediates replenishment of dendritic glutamate pools controlling retrograde signaling by glutamate.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System A; Amino Acid Transport Systems; Animals; Antibody Specificity; beta-Alanine; Cells, Cultured; Dendrites; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Neocortex; Neuronal Plasticity; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pregnancy; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Signal Transduction | 2009 |
Ubiquitin-like protein involved in the proteasome pathway of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Amino Acid Motifs; Bacterial Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Lysine; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Ubiquitination; Ubiquitins | 2008 |
Proton MR spectroscopy of the hippocampus at 3 T in patients with unipolar major depressive disorder: correlates and predictors of treatment response.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Protons; Statistics, Nonparametric; Young Adult | 2009 |
The absorption of glutamic acid and glutamine.
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 1948 |
Further observations on the effect of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide on the bacterial decarboxylation of glutamate and glutamine.
Topics: Bromides; Decarboxylation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 1948 |
Acute increase of the glutamate-glutamine cycling in discrete brain areas after administration of a single dose of amphetamine.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Caudate Nucleus; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Male; Neurons; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2008 |
Neurochemical changes in a mouse model of Rett syndrome: changes over time and in response to perinatal choline nutritional supplementation.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; DNA-Binding Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histone Deacetylases; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nootropic Agents; Rett Syndrome; Spectrum Analysis | 2009 |
Beta2-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms affect response to treatment in children with severe asthma exacerbations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Asthma; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Progression; Female; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Length of Stay; Male; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome | 2009 |
Neurotransmitter alterations in embryonic succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency suggest a heightened excitatory state during development.
Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Neurotransmitter Agents; Phthalic Acids; Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase; Time Factors | 2008 |
Effects of oral supplementation with glutamine and alanyl-glutamine on glutamine, glutamate, and glutathione status in trained rats and subjected to long-duration exercise.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Dietary Supplements; Dipeptides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Liver; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidative Stress; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2009 |
Amino acid neurotransmitters assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: relationship to treatment resistance in major depressive disorder.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Resistance; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Occipital Lobe | 2009 |
Transfection with liver-type glutaminase cDNA alters gene expression and reduces survival, migration and proliferation of T98G glioma cells.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; DNA, Complementary; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Isoenzymes; Microarray Analysis; Mitochondria; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Transfection | 2009 |
Metabolic fate of isoleucine in a rat model of hepatic encephalopathy and in cultured neural cells exposed to ammonia.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cells, Cultured; Cholestasis; Citric Acid Cycle; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Isoleucine; Muscle, Skeletal; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2009 |
Detection of glutamate and glutamine (Glx) by turbo spectroscopic imaging.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Diagnostic Imaging; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phantoms, Imaging; Protons; Spectrum Analysis | 2009 |
Metabolism of galactose in the brain and liver of rats and its conversion into glutamate and other amino acids.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Female; Galactose; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Liver; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2009 |
Neurochemical alterations in adolescent bipolar depression: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy pilot study of the prefrontal cortex.
Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Brain Chemistry; Child; Choline; Creatine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Pilot Projects; Prefrontal Cortex | 2008 |
Restored degradation of the Alzheimer's amyloid-beta peptide by targeting amyloid formation.
Topics: Amyloid; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Clioquinol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Insulysin; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Mutation; Neprilysin; Peptide Fragments; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Time Factors; Zinc | 2009 |
Selective resonance suppression 1H-[13C] NMR spectroscopy with asymmetric adiabatic RF pulses.
Topics: Animals; Artifacts; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phantoms, Imaging; Protons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2009 |
Brain GABA levels in patients with bipolar disorder.
Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Brain Mapping; Case-Control Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Spectrum Analysis | 2009 |
Valproate-induced metabolic changes in patients with epilepsy: assessment with H-MRS.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Epilepsies, Myoclonic; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Occipital Lobe; Parietal Lobe; Reference Values; Valproic Acid; Young Adult | 2009 |
Elevated endogenous GABA concentration attenuates glutamate-glutamine cycling between neurons and astroglia.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Acetates; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Carbon Radioisotopes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Injections, Intravenous; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vigabatrin | 2009 |
Development of a defined medium for Clostridium scatologenes ATCC 25775.
Topics: Animals; Bacteriological Techniques; Clostridium; Cresols; Culture Media; Fructose; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Skatole | 2009 |
Deamidation alters interactions of beta-crystallins in hetero-oligomers.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; beta-Crystallin A Chain; beta-Crystallin B Chain; Chromatography, Gel; Circular Dichroism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Protein Multimerization; Protein Structure, Quaternary; Scattering, Radiation | 2009 |
Brain metabolism in Rett syndrome: age, clinical, and genotype correlations.
Topics: Adolescent; Aging; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Creatine; Female; Frontal Lobe; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2; Mutation; Protons; Rett Syndrome; Severity of Illness Index | 2009 |
Quantifying in vitro growth and metabolism kinetics of human mesenchymal stem cells using a mathematical model.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cell Count; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Confidence Intervals; Culture Media; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Male; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Models, Biological; Tissue Donors | 2009 |
Effect of exercise on glutamine synthesis and transport in skeletal muscle from rats.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Corticosterone; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insulin; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Protein Transport; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2009 |
Charge-to-substrate ratio during organic cation uptake by rat OCT2 is voltage dependent and altered by exchange of glutamate 448 with glutamine.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Cations; Dicarboxylic Acids; Gluconates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Transport; Lactic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Models, Molecular; Mutation; Oocytes; Organic Cation Transport Proteins; Organic Cation Transporter 2; Permeability; Protein Conformation; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tetraethylammonium; Xenopus laevis | 2009 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals an epileptic network in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anticonvulsants; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Case-Control Studies; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile; Neural Pathways; Protons; Young Adult | 2009 |
Evolution of the neurochemical profile after transient focal cerebral ischemia in the mouse brain.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Corpus Striatum; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metabolism; Mice | 2009 |
Elevated metabolites within dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in rapid cycling bipolar disorder.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Female; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex | 2009 |
Glutamate is the major anaplerotic substrate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle of isolated rumen epithelial and duodenal mucosal cells from beef cattle.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cattle; Citric Acid Cycle; Diet; Duodenum; Epithelial Cells; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactic Acid; Leucine; Male; Pyruvic Acid; Rumen; Valine | 2009 |
Local and systemic effects of two herbivores with different feeding mechanisms on primary metabolism of cotton leaves.
Topics: Animals; Feeding Behavior; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gossypium; Larva; Nitrogen; Photosynthesis; Plant Leaves; Species Specificity; Spodoptera; Sucrose; Tetranychidae | 2009 |
Hippocampal metabolic abnormalities at first onset and with recurrent episodes of a major depressive disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Organ Size; Protons; Recurrence | 2009 |
Normal glutamate but elevated myo-inositol in anterior cingulate cortex in recovered depressed patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Depressive Disorder; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2009 |
Prognostic value of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in near drowning patients: reversibility of the early metabolite abnormalities relates with a good outcome.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Lactic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Near Drowning; Prognosis; Protons | 2009 |
Neurochemical changes in the rat prefrontal cortex following acute phencyclidine treatment: an in vivo localized (1)H MRS study.
Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phencyclidine; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 2009 |
Neurochemical effects of theta burst stimulation as assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Brain Mapping; Electric Stimulation; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Motor Cortex; Neural Inhibition; Statistics, Nonparametric; Theta Rhythm; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Young Adult | 2009 |
New mutation of the Na channel in the severe form of potassium-aggravated myotonia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Biophysics; Cell Line, Transformed; Child; DNA Mutational Analysis; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Family Health; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ion Channel Gating; Japan; Male; Membrane Potentials; Middle Aged; Models, Molecular; Muscle Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation, Missense; Myotonic Disorders; NAV1.4 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Sodium Channels; Transfection | 2009 |
Neurometabolite concentrations in gray and white matter in mild traumatic brain injury: an 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Axons; Biomarkers; Body Water; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cognition Disorders; Corpus Callosum; Creatine; Diffuse Axonal Injury; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Phosphocreatine; Young Adult | 2009 |
The importance of myocardial amino acids during ischemia and reperfusion in dilated left ventricle of patients with degenerative mitral valve disease.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Dilatation, Pathologic; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Taurine | 2009 |
The change in plasma GABA, glutamine and glutamate levels in fluoxetine- or S-citalopram-treated female patients with major depression.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Case-Control Studies; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Citalopram; Depression; Female; Fluoxetine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 2009 |
MRI and MRS of human brain tumors.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2009 |
Increased choline-containing compounds in the orbitofrontal cortex and hippocampus in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Female; Frontal Lobe; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Hippocampus; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphorylcholine; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Severity of Illness Index | 2009 |
Exchange-mediated dilution of brain lactate specific activity: implications for the origin of glutamate dilution and the contributions of glutamine dilution and other pathways.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Astrocytes; Autoradiography; Blood Glucose; Brain Chemistry; Cortical Spreading Depression; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Sensation | 2009 |
Acetate transport and utilization in the rat brain.
Topics: Acetates; Algorithms; Amino Acids; Animals; Astrocytes; Biological Transport, Active; Biotransformation; Brain Chemistry; Citric Acid Cycle; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Infusions, Intravenous; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2009 |
The turnover of the H3 deuterons from (2-13C) glutamate and (2-13C) glutamine reveals subcellular trafficking in the brain of partially deuterated rats.
Topics: Acetates; Aconitate Hydratase; Algorithms; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Isotopes; Cytosol; Deuterium; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mitochondria; Models, Statistical; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Subcellular Fractions | 2009 |
Delayed cerebral oxidative glucose metabolism after traumatic brain injury in young rats.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurotransmitter Agents; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2009 |
Differentiating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattentive and combined types: a (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of fronto-striato-thalamic regions.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Energy Metabolism; Female; Frontal Lobe; Functional Laterality; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prosencephalon; Pulvinar; Putamen; Radionuclide Imaging; Thalamus; Young Adult | 2009 |
Are personality traits of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy related to frontal lobe dysfunctions? A proton MRS study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Diseases; Creatine; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory; Protons; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult | 2009 |
The relationship between aberrant neuronal activation in the pregenual anterior cingulate, altered glutamatergic metabolism, and anhedonia in major depression.
Topics: Adult; Arousal; Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Corpus Callosum; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dominance, Cerebral; Emotions; Energy Metabolism; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neurons; Oxygen Consumption; Synaptic Transmission | 2009 |
Amino acid metabolism at the maternal-filial boundary of young barley seeds: a microdissection-based study.
Topics: Amino Acids; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Hordeum; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolomics; Microdissection; Plant Proteins; Seeds | 2009 |
Role of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in glutathione catabolism.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Ammonia; Bacteroides; Cloning, Molecular; Cystathionine gamma-Lyase; Dipeptidases; Dipeptides; Escherichia coli; Eubacterium; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Hydrogen Sulfide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mass Spectrometry; Plasmids; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Pyruvic Acid; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Temperature; Time Factors; Treponema denticola | 2009 |
Relationship between intracranial hemodynamics and microdialysis markers of energy metabolism and glutamate-glutamine turnover in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clinical article.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Critical Care; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemodynamics; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Lactic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Pyruvic Acid; Retrospective Studies; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | 2009 |
Simultaneous efflux of endogenous D-ser and L-glu from single acute hippocampus slices during oxygen glucose deprivation.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Diffusion Chambers, Culture; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Isomerism; Male; Neurons; Organ Culture Techniques; Oxygen; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serine | 2009 |
Effective amino acid composition of seaweeds inducing food preference behaviors in Aplysia kurodai.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aplysia; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Eating; Food Preferences; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Jaw; Phaeophyceae; Phenylalanine; Rhodophyta; Taste; Taurine; Ulva | 2009 |
Hyponatremia is a risk factor of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a prospective study with time-dependent analysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Bilirubin; Brain Chemistry; Creatine; Creatinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyponatremia; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Parietal Lobe; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sodium; Time Factors | 2009 |
Expression of enzymes regulating placental ammonia homeostasis in human fetal growth restricted pregnancies.
Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Down-Regulation; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Ketoglutaric Acids; Placenta; Placental Insufficiency; Pregnancy; RNA, Messenger | 2009 |
[Identification of a novel allele HLA-DRB1*1218].
Topics: Alleles; Amino Acid Substitution; Asian People; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Exons; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HLA-DR Antigens; HLA-DRB1 Chains; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data | 2009 |
Role of prostanoid production and receptors in the regulation of retinal endogenous amino acid neurotransmitters by 8-isoprostaglandin E2, ex vivo.
Topics: Animals; Benzofurans; Biphenyl Compounds; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Cattle; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide; Dinoprostone; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Flurbiprofen; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hydrazines; Isoprostanes; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nitrobenzenes; Prostaglandins; Receptors, Prostaglandin; Retina; Sulfonamides; Xanthones | 2009 |
Glutamate dysfunction in people with prodromal symptoms of psychosis: relationship to gray matter volume.
Topics: Adult; Brain Mapping; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mental Disorders; Protons; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Risk; Temporal Lobe; Thalamus; Young Adult | 2009 |
The blood-brain barrier and glutamate.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems; Animals; Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Endothelial Cells; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Rats; Tight Junctions | 2009 |
Porcine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells contribute significantly to intrahepatic ammonia metabolism.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Bioreactors; Endothelial Cells; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hepatocytes; Lactic Acid; Liver; Lysosomes; Male; Sus scrofa | 2009 |
R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, CmMYB1, is a central nitrogen assimilation regulator in Cyanidioschyzon merolae.
Topics: Algal Proteins; Binding Sites; Blotting, Northern; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunoblotting; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Mutation; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Binding; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Response Elements; Rhodophyta; Transcription Factors | 2009 |
A high performance liquid chromatography method with electrochemical detection of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate and glutamine in rat brain homogenates.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrochemical Techniques; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Linear Models; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2009 |
A 1H-MR spectroscopy study of changes in glutamate and glutamine (Glx) concentrations in frontal spectra after administration of memantine.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Administration, Oral; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Antiparkinson Agents; Brain Mapping; Dichotic Listening Tests; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Memantine; Neuropsychological Tests; Oxygen; Psychoacoustics; Radionuclide Imaging; Tritium; Young Adult | 2010 |
Effect of exercise on glutamine metabolism in macrophages of trained rats.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Exercise Test; Fatigue; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen Peroxide; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Phagocytosis; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rest; Swimming | 2009 |
The protective effect of riluzole on manganese caused disruption of glutamate-glutamine cycle in rats.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Chlorides; Corpus Striatum; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Female; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Male; Manganese; Manganese Compounds; Manganese Poisoning; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Riluzole; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase | 2009 |
Neurochemical changes in welders revealed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Environmental Exposure; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Manganese; Middle Aged; Neurologic Examination; Protons; Spectrum Analysis; Statistics as Topic; Surveys and Questionnaires; Welding | 2009 |
Daily pattern of pituitary glutamine, glutamate, and aspartate content disrupted by cadmium exposure.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cadmium Chloride; Cadmium Poisoning; Chronobiology Disorders; Circadian Rhythm; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endocrine Disruptors; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Organ Specificity; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Xenobiotics | 2010 |
Altered prefrontal glutamate-glutamine-gamma-aminobutyric acid levels and relation to low cognitive performance and depressive symptoms in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Cognition Disorders; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Prefrontal Cortex | 2009 |
Involvement of glutamate in retinal protection against ischemia/reperfusion damage induced by post-conditioning.
Topics: Animals; Electroretinography; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Intraocular Pressure; Ischemic Preconditioning; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reperfusion Injury; Retina; Tritium | 2009 |
Difference spectroscopy using PRESS asymmetry: application to glutamate, glutamine, and myo-inositol.
Topics: Brain; Brain Chemistry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | 2010 |
How can an inert gas counterbalance a NMDA-induced glutamate release?
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Catheters, Indwelling; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homovanillic Acid; Inert Gas Narcosis; Male; Microdialysis; N-Methylaspartate; Nitrogen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Statistics, Nonparametric | 2009 |
The human brain utilizes lactate via the tricarboxylic acid cycle: a 13C-labelled microdialysis and high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance study.
Topics: Acetates; Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Injuries; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Microdialysis; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2009 |
Glutamate metabolic pathways and retinal function.
Topics: Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Electroretinography; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Immunohistochemistry; Ketoglutaric Acids; Lactic Acid; Methionine Sulfoximine; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Succinic Acid; Synaptic Transmission; Vision, Ocular | 2009 |
Maintenance of thalamic epileptiform activity depends on the astrocytic glutamate-glutamine cycle.
Topics: 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid; Action Potentials; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Astrocytes; Bicuculline; Convulsants; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Thalamus; Time Factors | 2009 |
Cadmium chloride exposure modifies amino acid daily pattern in the mediobasal hypothalamus in adult male rat.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cadmium Chloride; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypothalamus; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine | 2010 |
Time-resolved transcriptome analysis of Bacillus subtilis responding to valine, glutamate, and glutamine.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Bacterial Proteins; Biological Transport; Carbon; Fatty Acids; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Models, Biological; Nitrogen; Transcription, Genetic; Valine | 2009 |
Elevated insular glutamate in fibromyalgia is associated with experimental pain.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Fibromyalgia; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Pain; Pain Threshold | 2009 |
Gln27Glu variant of Beta2-adrenoceptor gene affects male type fat accumulation in women.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Mass Index; Coronary Artery Disease; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Young Adult | 2009 |
Effects of supplementation with free glutamine and the dipeptide alanyl-glutamine on parameters of muscle damage and inflammation in rats submitted to prolonged exercise.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Creatine Kinase; Dietary Supplements; Dinoprostone; Dipeptides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inflammation Mediators; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Muscle, Skeletal; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2010 |
Kinetics of a novel isoform of phosphate activated glutaminase (PAG) in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
Topics: Ammonia; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrolysis; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Mitochondria; Phosphates | 2010 |
A biotin-coupled bifunctional enzyme exhibiting both glutamine synthetase activity and glutamate decarboxylase activity.
Topics: Animals; Avidin; Biotin; Chickens; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnesium; Peptide Mapping; Protein Multimerization; Retina; Substrate Specificity; Ultrafiltration | 2009 |
1H-MRS at 4 tesla in minimally treated early schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Protons; Schizophrenia; Thalamus; Time Factors | 2010 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of regional brain metabolite markers in FALS mice and the effects of dietary creatine supplementation.
Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain; Creatine; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Inositol; Linear Models; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Protons; Spectrum Analysis; Superoxide Dismutase | 2009 |
Genetics of the glutamate-mediated methylamine utilization pathway in the facultative methylotrophic beta-proteobacterium Methyloversatilis universalis FAM5.
Topics: Alanine; Bacterial Proteins; Betaproteobacteria; DNA Mutational Analysis; Gene Expression Profiling; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Methylamines; Multigene Family; Open Reading Frames; Oxidation-Reduction; Peptide Fragments | 2010 |
1.45 A resolution crystal structure of recombinant PNP in complex with a pM multisubstrate analogue inhibitor bearing one feature of the postulated transition state.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Cattle; Crystallography, X-Ray; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Guanine; Organophosphonates; Phosphates; Protein Multimerization; Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase; Recombinant Proteins; Ribose | 2010 |
Cramér-Rao bound analysis of echo time selection for (1)H-MR spectroscopy.
Topics: Algorithms; Brain; Brain Mapping; Electronic Data Processing; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Statistical; Normal Distribution; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Software; Time Factors | 2009 |
Effects of glyoxal or methylglyoxal on the metabolism of amino acids, lactate, glucose and acetate in the cerebral cortex of young and adult rats.
Topics: Acetates; Aging; Amino Acids; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Central Nervous System Agents; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Glyoxal; Lactic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Biosynthesis; Pyruvaldehyde; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2010 |
Role of neuronal NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptors in medial vestibular nucleus in the regulation of respiratory rhythmogenesis in newborn rats in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketamine; Periodicity; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Respiration; Respiratory Center; Vestibular Nuclei | 2009 |
Field strength dependence of PRESS timings for simultaneous detection of glutamate and glutamine from 1.5 to 7T.
Topics: Algorithms; Brain Chemistry; Computer Simulation; Electromagnetic Fields; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular | 2010 |
Substitution of Glu122 by glutamine revealed the function of the second water molecule as a proton donor in the binuclear metal enzyme creatininase.
Topics: Amidohydrolases; Amino Acid Substitution; Base Sequence; Catalytic Domain; Crystallography, X-Ray; DNA Primers; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Metals; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Conformation; Protein Subunits; Protons; Pseudomonas putida; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Water | 2010 |
Kinetic and CD/MCD spectroscopic studies of the atypical, three-His-ligated, non-heme Fe2+ center in diketone dioxygenase: the role of hydrophilic outer shell residues in catalysis.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Catalysis; Circular Dichroism; Cysteine Dioxygenase; Dioxygenases; Enzyme Stability; Ferrous Compounds; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemeproteins; Histidine; Kinetics; Ligands; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Binding; Water | 2010 |
Crystal structure of salt-tolerant glutaminase from Micrococcus luteus K-3 in the presence and absence of its product L-glutamate and its activator Tris.
Topics: Binding Sites; Catalytic Domain; Crystallization; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Micrococcus luteus; Tromethamine | 2010 |
Methionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, lowers brain glutamine and glutamate in a mouse model of ALS.
Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Animals; Biomarkers; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Methionine Sulfoximine; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Motor Cortex; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxins; Oxidative Stress; Superoxide Dismutase; Superoxide Dismutase-1; Treatment Outcome | 2010 |
Role of glycine residues highly conserved in the S2-S3 linkers of domains I and II of voltage-gated calcium channel alpha(1) subunits.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Cell Line; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Proline; Protein Subunits; Rats; Sequence Alignment | 2010 |
Evaluation of plasma glutamate levels in normal tension glaucoma.
Topics: Aged; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Low Tension Glaucoma; Male | 2010 |
Embryo and larva development in common dentex (Dentex dentex), a pelagophil teleost: the quantitative composition of egg-free amino acids and their interrelations.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Arginine; Asparagine; Embryonic Development; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Larva; Male; Oocytes; Perciformes | 2010 |
Identification and characterization of a novel endogenous murine parkin mutation.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Cell Line; DNA Mutational Analysis; Epitope Mapping; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Immunoprecipitation; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mutation; Nerve Tissue Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Species Specificity; Transfection; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Ubiquitination | 2010 |
Metabolomic analysis of serum by (1) H NMR spectroscopy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetates; Acetone; Adult; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Female; Formates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Protons; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2010 |
Glutamine is required for persistent epileptiform activity in the disinhibited neocortical brain slice.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Epilepsy; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neocortex; Nerve Net; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Organ Culture Techniques; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptic Transmission | 2010 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy on hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; Choline; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen; Humans; Lipids; Liver Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged | 2010 |
A pressurized nitrogen counterbalance to cortical glutamatergic pathway stimulation.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Baclofen; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homovanillic Acid; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Inert Gas Narcosis; Male; Nitrogen; Pressure; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2010 |
Metabolite concentrations in supraventricular white matter from teenage to early old age: A short echo time 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aging; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lipid Metabolism; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Myelin Sheath; Reference Values; Young Adult | 2010 |
Role of GlnR in acid-mediated repression of genes encoding proteins involved in glutamine and glutamate metabolism in Streptococcus mutans.
Topics: Acids; Adenosine Triphosphate; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Citric Acid; Gene Deletion; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Microbial Viability; Multigene Family; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Pyruvic Acid; Regulon; Repressor Proteins; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Streptococcus mutans | 2010 |
Increased glutamate/glutamine compounds in the brains of patients with fibromyalgia: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Anxiety; Brain; Brain Mapping; Chi-Square Distribution; Creatine; Depression; Female; Fibromyalgia; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales | 2010 |
Neurochemical alterations in women with borderline personality disorder and comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Borderline Personality Disorder; Brain Chemistry; Case-Control Studies; Cerebellum; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2010 |
Down-regulation of Na+-coupled glutamate transporter EAAT3 and EAAT4 by AMP-activated protein kinase.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Arginine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 4; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Membrane Potentials; Microscopy, Confocal; Mutation; Nedd4 Ubiquitin Protein Ligases; Nitrogen Oxides; Oocytes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Transduction, Genetic; Tyrosine; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Xenopus | 2010 |
H¹-MR-spectroscopy of cerebellum in adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Topics: Adult; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Case-Control Studies; Cerebellar Cortex; Cerebellum; Creatine; Female; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male | 2010 |
Glutamine deamidation: differentiation of glutamic acid and gamma-glutamic acid in peptides by electron capture dissociation.
Topics: Amides; Amino Acid Sequence; Crystallins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Structure; Peptides; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared | 2010 |
Inhibition of glutamate/glutamine cycle in vivo results in decreased benzodiazepine binding and differentially regulated GABAergic subunit expression in the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Benzodiazepines; Binding Sites; Brain; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Protein Binding; Protein Subunits; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors; Tritium | 2010 |
Effect of N-terminal glutamic acid and glutamine on fragmentation of peptide ions.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Databases, Protein; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Imides; Peptides; Protein Conformation; Proteins; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Trypsin; Water | 2010 |
Obesity and type 2 diabetes in rats are associated with altered brain glycogen and amino-acid homeostasis.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Brain; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen; Male; Obesity; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Zucker | 2010 |
Glutamates 78 and 122 in the active site of saccharopine dehydrogenase contribute to reactant binding and modulate the basicity of the acid-base catalysts.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Binding, Competitive; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Lysine; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; NAD; Recombinant Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharopine Dehydrogenases | 2010 |
Slice-selective single scan proton COSY with dynamic nuclear polarisation.
Topics: Carbon; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Protons | 2010 |
Neurochemical changes in the developing rat hippocampus during prolonged hypoglycemia.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain Chemistry; Chronic Disease; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Hippocampus; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Infant Nutrition Disorders; Infant, Newborn; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurons; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2010 |
Single prolonged stress decreases glutamate, glutamine, and creatine concentrations in the rat medial prefrontal cortex.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Stress, Psychological; Synaptic Transmission | 2010 |
Cadmium effects on 24h changes in glutamate, aspartate, glutamine, GABA and taurine content of rat striatum.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cadmium; Circadian Rhythm; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Neostriatum; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine; Time Factors | 2010 |
Structure of an archaeal non-discriminating glutamyl-tRNA synthetase: a missing link in the evolution of Gln-tRNAGln formation.
Topics: Archaeal Proteins; Binding Sites; Catalytic Domain; Crystallography, X-Ray; Evolution, Molecular; Glutamate-tRNA Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Methanobacteriaceae; Models, Molecular; Phylogeny; Protein Binding; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl; Substrate Specificity | 2010 |
Localized 1H-NMR spectroscopy in patients with fibromyalgia: a controlled study of changes in cerebral glutamate/glutamine, inositol, choline, and N-acetylaspartate.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cholic Acid; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Female; Fibromyalgia; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Inositol; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Pain; Protons; Somatosensory Cortex | 2010 |
Glutamate exocrine dynamics augmented by plasma glutamine and the distribution of amino acid transporters of the rat pancreas.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Amino Acid Transport Systems; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Acidic; Animals; Dipeptides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Islets of Langerhans; Large Neutral Amino Acid-Transporter 1; Male; Pancreas; Pancreatic Juice; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2010 |
Genetic map construction and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for nitrogen use efficiency and its relationship with productivity and quality of the biennial crop Belgian endive (Cichorium intybus L.).
Topics: Amino Acids; Belgium; Chromosome Mapping; Cichorium intybus; Crops, Agricultural; Genetic Linkage; Genetic Variation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inheritance Patterns; Models, Biological; Nitrogen; Plant Tubers; Quantitative Trait Loci; Quantitative Trait, Heritable | 2010 |
Thalamic neurochemical abnormalities in individuals with prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia - relationship to auditory event-related potentials.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Linear Models; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurochemistry; Protons; Radionuclide Imaging; Schizophrenia; Thalamus; Young Adult | 2010 |
Effect of acute psychological stress on prefrontal GABA concentration determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Animals; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Down-Regulation; Electroshock; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Stress, Psychological; Synaptic Transmission | 2010 |
Metabolic changes detected in vivo by 1H MRS in the MPTP-intoxicated mouse.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Brain; Dopamine; Dopamine Agents; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Levodopa; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neurotoxins; Protons | 2010 |
Knockout of GAD65 has major impact on synaptic GABA synthesized from astrocyte-derived glutamine.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Astrocytes; Blotting, Western; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; GABA Agents; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucose; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Synapses; Vigabatrin | 2011 |
Interindividual, repositioning, and time-of-day effects on single voxel proton MR spectroscopy of the anterior cingulate cortex.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Reproducibility of Results; Time Factors | 2010 |
Substitution of glutamine by glutamate enhances production and galactosylation of recombinant IgG in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Culture Media, Serum-Free; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunoglobulin G | 2010 |
Branched tricarboxylic acid metabolism in Plasmodium falciparum.
Topics: Acetyl Coenzyme A; Acetylation; Amino Sugars; Animals; Carbon; Citric Acid Cycle; Erythrocytes; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Histones; Malates; Plasmodium falciparum | 2010 |
Brain metabolism and cognitive impairment in HIV infection: a 3-T magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Cohort Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged | 2010 |
Multi-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T in patients with idiopathic generalised epilepsy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Creatine; Epilepsy, Generalized; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Hippocampus; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Thalamus; Young Adult | 2010 |
Evidence for an operative glutamine translocator in chloroplasts from maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) cotyledons.
Topics: Ammonia; Cell Fractionation; Chloroplasts; Cotyledon; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Pinus; Plant Proteins | 2010 |
ATR-FTIR study of the protonation states of the Glu residue in the multicopper oxidases, CueO and bilirubin oxidase.
Topics: Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mutation; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases; Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors; Protons; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared | 2010 |
Brain glutamine synthesis requires neuronal-born aspartate as amino donor for glial glutamate formation.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Brain Chemistry; Cells, Cultured; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Lactic Acid; Leucine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Microscopy, Electron; Neurons; Nitrogen; Pyruvic Acid | 2011 |
Elevated cortical glutamate in young people at increased familial risk of depression.
Topics: Adolescent; Cerebral Cortex; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Family; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Occipital Lobe; Risk Factors; Young Adult | 2011 |
Acquisition of Raman spectra of amino acids using portable instruments: outdoor measurements and comparison.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; beta-Alanine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Methionine; Proline; Research Design; Robotics; Serine; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Transportation; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Workplace | 2010 |
1H-MR spectroscopic detection of metabolic changes in pain processing brain regions in the presence of non-specific chronic low back pain.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Low Back Pain; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Pain Perception; Young Adult | 2011 |
Insula-specific responses induced by dental pain. A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Electrodes; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Anatomic; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pain; Prospective Studies; Protons; Tooth Diseases; Trigeminal Nerve | 2011 |
Astrocyte oxidative metabolism and metabolite trafficking after fluid percussion brain injury in adult rats.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Brain Injuries; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurons; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2010 |
Glutaminolysis: supplying carbon or nitrogen or both for cancer cells?
Topics: Amino Acids; Carbon; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Humans; Neoplasms; Nitrogen; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc | 2010 |
Elevated excitatory neurotransmitter levels in the fibromyalgia brain.
Topics: Brain Chemistry; Fibromyalgia; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2010 |
Improvement of resolution for brain coupled metabolites by optimized (1)H MRS at 7T.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phantoms, Imaging; Young Adult | 2010 |
Glutamate as a marker of cognitive function in schizophrenia: a proton spectroscopic imaging study at 4 Tesla.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Neuropsychological Tests; Protons; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology | 2011 |
Reactive astrocytes give neurons less support: implications for Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Cell Communication; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Models, Neurological; Neurons | 2012 |
Chronic electrographic seizure reduces glutamine and elevates glutamate in the extracellular fluid of rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Extracellular Fluid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Intracellular Fluid; Kainic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Neurotoxins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synaptic Vesicles | 2011 |
Binge toluene exposure alters glutamate, glutamine and GABA in the adolescent rat brain as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inhalation Exposure; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Protons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Toluene | 2011 |
Accuracy and stability of measuring GABA, glutamate, and glutamine by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a phantom study at 4 Tesla.
Topics: Brain Chemistry; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Electromagnetic Fields; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Monte Carlo Method; Phantoms, Imaging; Protons | 2011 |
Comparative evaluation of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) on glutamate and lead-induced toxicity in CD-1 mice.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Animals; Antioxidants; Chelating Agents; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Glutathione Disulfide; Lead; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Phospholipases A2; Reactive Oxygen Species | 2011 |
Differential susceptibility of astrocytic and neuronal function to 3-chloropropanediol in the rat inferior colliculus.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; alpha-Chlorohydrin; Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; CD11b Antigen; Cell Survival; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Functional Laterality; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inferior Colliculi; Male; Microdialysis; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Neurons; Psychoacoustics; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Time Factors | 2011 |
Effects of monosodium glutamate supplementation on glutamine metabolism in adult rats.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Dietary Supplements; DNA Primers; Gastric Emptying; Gastrointestinal Transit; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Intestinal Mucosa; Kinetics; Muscle, Skeletal; Nitrogen; Protein Biosynthesis; Rats; Sodium Glutamate | 2011 |
Correlation of findings in advanced MRI techniques with global severity scales in patients with Parkinson disease.
Topics: Aged; Brain; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Creatine; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Dipeptides; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Parkinson Disease; Severity of Illness Index; Substantia Nigra | 2011 |
1H-MRS in spinal cord injury: acute and chronic metabolite alterations in rat brain and lumbar spinal cord.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries | 2011 |
Estimation of intracellular fluxes in cerebellar neurons after hypoglycemia: importance of the pyruvate recycling pathway and glutamine oxidation.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Hypoglycemia; Intracellular Fluid; Lactic Acid; Mice; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Oxidation-Reduction; Pyruvic Acid | 2011 |
Metabolic fate of a high concentration of glutamine and glutamate in rat brain slices: a ¹³C NMR study.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2011 |
Conversion of pyruvate decarboxylase into an enantioselective carboligase with biosynthetic potential.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Enzyme Stability; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Methanol; Pyruvate Decarboxylase; Substrate Specificity | 2011 |
Vipirinin, a coumarin-based HIV-1 Vpr inhibitor, interacts with a hydrophobic region of VPR.
Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Carbamates; Coumarins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Design; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Macrophages; Mutation; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Structure-Activity Relationship; vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 2011 |
Significant catalytic roles for Glu47 and Gln 110 in all four of the C-C bond-making and -breaking steps of the reactions of acetohydroxyacid synthase II.
Topics: Acetolactate Synthase; Biocatalysis; Carbon; Catalytic Domain; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Thermodynamics | 2011 |
Reduction of plasma membrane glutamate transport potentiates insulin but not glucagon secretion in pancreatic islet cells.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cell Membrane; Cells, Cultured; Dicarboxylic Acids; Epinephrine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucagon; Glucagon-Secreting Cells; Glucose; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Ketoglutaric Acids; Malates; Male; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Transcription, Genetic | 2011 |
Hypermagnesemia does not prevent intracranial hypertension and aggravates cerebral hyperperfusion in a rat model of acute hyperammonemia.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Aquaporin 4; Blood Pressure; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hyperammonemia; Intracranial Hypertension; Intracranial Pressure; Magnesium Sulfate; Male; Models, Animal; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Regional Blood Flow | 2011 |
Perturbation of the glutamate-glutamine system in alcohol dependence and remission.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Analysis of Variance; Brain; Chi-Square Distribution; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Tritium | 2011 |
Glutamate released spontaneously from astrocytes sets the threshold for synaptic plasticity.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Citrates; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Long-Term Potentiation; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 2011 |
Simultaneous detection of cerebral metabolism of different substrates by in vivo ¹³C isotopomer MRS.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetates; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Infusions, Intravenous; Lactates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 2011 |
Relationship between genetic variation in the glutaminase gene GLS1 and brain glutamine/glutamate ratio measured in vivo.
Topics: Cerebral Cortex; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2; Databases, Factual; Female; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protons | 2011 |
A metabolomic comparison of mouse models of the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses.
Topics: Animals; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses; Neurons; Pigments, Biological | 2011 |
Glutamate reduces experimental intestinal hyperpermeability and facilitates glutamine support of gut integrity.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Caco-2 Cells; Dicarboxylic Acids; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epithelial Cells; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Isoxazoles; Permeability; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; Pyrrolidines | 2011 |
Monitoring the dynamics of monomer exchange using electrospray mass spectrometry: the case of the dimeric glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Crystallography, X-Ray; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase (Isomerizing); Nitrogen Isotopes; Protein Multimerization; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization | 2011 |
Structural asymmetry of phosphodiesterase-9, potential protonation of a glutamic acid, and role of the invariant glutamine.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; Catalytic Domain; Crystallography, X-Ray; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Kinetics; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Mutation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Purinones; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2011 |
Reduced hippocampal glutamate-glutamine levels in irritable bowel syndrome: preliminary findings using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Protons; Stress, Psychological | 2011 |
Hypo-osmotic swelling modifies glutamate-glutamine cycle in the cerebral cortex and in astrocyte cultures.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extracellular Fluid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Male; Microdialysis; Models, Biological; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Tritium | 2011 |
Reduced astrocytic contribution to the turnover of glutamate, glutamine, and GABA characterizes the latent phase in the kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon Isotopes; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Isotope Labeling; Kainic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats; Transaminases | 2011 |
Oxidative stress and reduced glutamine synthetase activity in the absence of inflammation in the cortex of mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disease Models, Animal; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Encephalitis; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Female; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Glutathione Disulfide; Guinea Pigs; Mice; Myelin Basic Protein; NAD; NADP; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Oxidative Stress; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2011 |
[2,4-(13)C]β-hydroxybutyrate metabolism in astrocytes and C6 glioblastoma cells.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Brain Neoplasms; Citric Acid Cycle; Diet, Ketogenic; Glioblastoma; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketone Bodies; Lactic Acid; Mice; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2011 |
Synthesis of biobased succinonitrile from glutamic acid and glutamine.
Topics: Acetonitriles; Biocatalysis; Biomass; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nitriles; Palladium | 2011 |
Cellular localization of glutamate and glutamine metabolism and transport pathways in the rat ciliary epithelium.
Topics: Animals; Aqueous Humor; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Ciliary Body; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epithelial Cells; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Intravitreal Injections; Methionine Sulfoximine; Microscopy, Confocal; Pigment Epithelium of Eye; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2011 |
2H2O incorporation into hepatic acetyl-CoA and de novo lipogenesis as measured by Krebs cycle-mediated 2H-enrichment of glutamate and glutamine.
Topics: Acetyl Coenzyme A; Animals; Citric Acid Cycle; Deuterium Exchange Measurement; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen; Lipogenesis; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2011 |
Lack of effect of ketamine on cortical glutamate and glutamine in healthy volunteers: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Cerebral Cortex; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketamine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Protons; Young Adult | 2012 |
Grey matter and social functioning correlates of glutamatergic metabolite loss in schizophrenia.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Brain Mapping; Case-Control Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Social Participation; Thalamus; Time Factors | 2011 |
Vigorous exercise increases brain lactate and Glx (glutamate+glutamine): a dynamic 1H-MRS study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Exercise; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Young Adult | 2011 |
Revisiting the mechanism of the triosephosphate isomerase reaction: the role of the fully conserved glutamic acid 97 residue.
Topics: Binding Sites; Biocatalysis; Biochemistry; Circular Dichroism; Cloning, Molecular; Crystallography, X-Ray; Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen Bonding; Kinetics; Malaria, Falciparum; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Plasmids; Plasmodium falciparum; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; Protons; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Transformation, Bacterial; Triose-Phosphate Isomerase | 2011 |
Retinal remodeling in the Tg P347L rabbit, a large-eye model of retinal degeneration.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Electroretinography; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Glycine; Humans; Male; Opsins; Rabbits; Retina; Retinal Degeneration; Retinitis Pigmentosa; Taurine | 2011 |
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) produces localized and specific alterations in neurochemistry: a ¹H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebrum; Dipeptides; Electric Stimulation; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Young Adult | 2011 |
Multi-dimensional MR spectroscopy: towards a better understanding of hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Case-Control Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Metabolome; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2011 |
Genome of the cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus FGP-2, a photosynthetic ecosystem engineer of arid land soil biocrusts worldwide.
Topics: Biofuels; Cyanobacteria; Ecosystem; Genome, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Photosynthesis; Soil Microbiology | 2011 |
Cortical substrate oxidation during hyperketonemia in the fasted anesthetized rat in vivo.
Topics: Algorithms; Amino Acids; Anesthesia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydroxybutyrates; Ketone Bodies; Ketones; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurons; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2011 |
Increase of hippocampal glutamate after electroconvulsive treatment: a quantitative proton MR spectroscopy study at 9.4 T in an animal model of depression.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Electroconvulsive Therapy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Helplessness, Learned; Hippocampus; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine | 2012 |
Photoperiodic regulation of glycogen metabolism, glycolysis, and glutamine synthesis in tanycytes of the Siberian hamster suggests novel roles of tanycytes in hypothalamic function.
Topics: Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cloning, Molecular; Cricetinae; DNA, Complementary; Ependyma; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Hypothalamus; In Situ Hybridization; Lactic Acid; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Neuropil; Phodopus; Photoperiod; Pyruvic Acid | 2011 |
Metabolic flux analysis gives an insight on verapamil induced changes in central metabolism of HL-1 cells.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Growth Processes; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Culture Media, Serum-Free; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Metabolome; Mice; Myocytes, Cardiac; Oxygen; Verapamil | 2011 |
A mutation in sigma-1 receptor causes juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Line; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; Cloning, Molecular; Enzyme Inhibitors; Family Health; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Infant; Male; Mice; Motor Neurons; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Receptors, sigma; Saudi Arabia; Sigma-1 Receptor; Thapsigargin; Transfection | 2011 |
Changes of amino acid concentrations in the rat vestibular nuclei after midline lesions.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine; Vestibular Nuclei | 2011 |
Comparative fibril formation of analogs corresponding to the (12-24) segment of the β-amyloid peptide.
Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Peptide Fragments; Plaque, Amyloid; Spectrometry, Fluorescence | 2011 |
Pregnancy and maternal behavior induce changes in glia, glutamate and its metabolism within the cingulate cortex.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Biomarkers; Female; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Hormones; Maternal Behavior; Nerve Growth Factors; Neuroglia; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Preoptic Area; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reproduction; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; S100 Proteins; Tubulin; Vimentin | 2011 |
N-acetylcysteine normalizes neurochemical changes in the glutathione-deficient schizophrenia mouse model during development.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Models, Animal; Free Radical Scavengers; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Schizophrenia | 2012 |
Measuring multiple neurochemicals and related metabolites in blood and brain of the rhesus monkey by using dual microdialysis sampling and capillary hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Lactic Acid; Macaca mulatta; Mass Spectrometry; Microdialysis; Pyruvic Acid | 2012 |
Metabolic changes during a field experiment in a world-class windsurfing athlete: a trial with multivariate analyses.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids, Aromatic; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Ammonia; Athletes; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Glucose; Creatine Kinase; Creatinine; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Exercise; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Insulin; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukocyte Count; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Phosphates; Physical Exertion; Potassium; Stress, Physiological; Urea | 2011 |
Alteration of plasma glutamate and glutamine levels in children with high-functioning autism.
Topics: Adolescent; Autistic Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Child; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Discriminant Analysis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male | 2011 |
Glutaminase dysregulation in HIV-1-infected human microglia mediates neurotoxicity: relevant to HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Brain; Caspase 3; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disintegrins; Dizocilpine Maleate; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Fetus; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Microglia; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Receptors, Cell Surface; RNA, Small Interfering; Tetrazolium Salts; Thiazoles; Time Factors | 2011 |
Conventional and advanced magnetic resonance imaging in tumefactive demyelination.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Mapping; Child; Choline; Contrast Media; Demyelinating Diseases; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gadolinium DTPA; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Enhancement; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Young Adult | 2011 |
An investigation of amino-acid neurotransmitters as potential predictors of clinical improvement to ketamine in depression.
Topics: Adult; Cerebral Cortex; Depressive Disorder, Major; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Predictive Value of Tests; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Retrospective Studies | 2012 |
Rat brain slices oxidize glucose at high rates: a (13)C NMR study.
Topics: Acetates; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2011 |
Association of XRCC1, XRCC3, and NAT2 polymorphisms with the risk of oral submucous fibrosis among eastern Indian population.
Topics: Adult; Areca; Arginine; Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; Case-Control Studies; Codon; DNA Repair; DNA-Binding Proteins; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Heterozygote; Homozygote; Humans; India; Lysine; Male; Methionine; Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction; Oral Submucous Fibrosis; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Factors; Threonine; Tobacco, Smokeless; Tryptophan; X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1 | 2012 |
Metabolite detection of pancreatic carcinoma by in vivo proton MR spectroscopy at 3T: initial results.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers, Tumor; Choline; Dipeptides; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Software | 2012 |
Glutamine requirement for aerial mycelium growth in Neurospora crassa.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Culture Media; Fungal Proteins; Glutamate Dehydrogenase (NADP+); Glutamate Synthase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mycelium; Neurospora crassa | 1984 |
Glutamine metabolism during aerial mycelium growth of Neurospora crassa.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Culture Media; Fungal Proteins; Glutamate Dehydrogenase (NADP+); Glutamate Synthase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mycelium; Neurospora crassa; Transaminases | 1984 |
N-acetylaspartate, choline, myoinositol, glutamine and glutamate (glx) concentration changes in proton MR spectroscopy (1H MRS) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Cognitive Dysfunction; Disease Progression; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Protons; Temporal Lobe | 2011 |
Insights into caspase-mediated apoptotic pathways induced by amyloid-β in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells.
Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Apoptosis; Caspases; Cell Line, Transformed; Cerebral Cortex; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelial Cells; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Microvessels; Mutation; Peptide Fragments; Signal Transduction; Time Factors | 2012 |
Cerebral glutamine metabolism under hyperammonemia determined in vivo by localized (1)H and (15)N NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hyperammonemia; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Biological; Nitrogen Isotopes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2012 |
¹H-[¹³C]-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures of ketamine's effect on amino acid neurotransmitter metabolism.
Topics: Affect; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cognition; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Hydrogen; Ketamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuroglia; Neurotransmitter Agents; Perception; Prefrontal Cortex; Radionuclide Imaging; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2012 |
Brain dysfunction in fibromyalgia and somatization disorder using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a controlled study.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fibromyalgia; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuroimaging; Pain Measurement; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Somatoform Disorders | 2012 |
Elevated prefrontal cortex γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate-glutamine levels in schizophrenia measured in vivo with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Neuroimaging; Prefrontal Cortex; Schizophrenia | 2012 |
Glutamine and glutamic acid enhance thyroid-stimulating hormone β subunit mRNA expression in the rat pars tuberalis.
Topics: Animals; Gene Expression; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate; RNA, Messenger; Thyrotropin; Thyrotropin, beta Subunit | 2012 |
Impact of high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets on liver metabolism studied in a rat model with a systems biology approach.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Carbohydrates; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Eating; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactates; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Metabolomics; Proteins; Proteomics; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2012 |
Algorithms for characterizing brain metabolites in two-dimensional in vivo MR correlation spectroscopy.
Topics: Algorithms; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Tissue Distribution | 2011 |
Expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 and its phosphorylated state in basal ganglia of a neonatal piglet hypoxic-ischemic brain injury model: a controlled study of (1)H MRS.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Basal Ganglia; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurons; Phosphorylation; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Swine | 2012 |
Gender-dependent behavioural impairment and brain metabolites in young adult rats after short term exposure to lead acetate.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Maze Learning; Memory; Motor Activity; Organometallic Compounds; Psychomotor Performance; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Recognition, Psychology; Sex Factors | 2012 |
Decreased glutamate, glutamine and citrulline concentrations in plasma and muscle in endotoxemia cannot be reversed by glutamate or glutamine supplementation: a primary intestinal defect?
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anorexia; Citrulline; Dietary Supplements; Endotoxemia; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Interleukin-6; Intestinal Mucosa; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium Glutamate; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2012 |
[Effects of the beta2-adrenergic receptor Gln27Glu variation on changes of serum lipid and apolipoprotein ratios induced by a high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet in healthy youth].
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Apolipoproteins; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Dietary Carbohydrates; Female; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lipids; Male; Mutation; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Young Adult | 2011 |
Evidence that HLA-DQ9 confers risk to celiac disease by presence of DQ9-restricted gluten-specific T cells.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Antigen Presentation; Celiac Disease; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutens; HLA-DQ Antigens; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptides; Protein Binding; Risk; T-Lymphocytes | 2012 |
Asparagine and aspartic acid concentrations in bone marrow versus peripheral blood during Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster-based induction therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Asparaginase; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Bone Marrow; Child; Child, Preschool; Daunorubicin; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Remission Induction; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vincristine | 2012 |
Brain slices from glutaminase-deficient mice metabolize less glutamine: a cellular metabolomic study with carbon 13 NMR.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Malate Dehydrogenase; Metabolomics; Mice; Mice, Mutant Strains; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Sweetening Agents | 2012 |
¹H NMR-based metabonomic analysis of brain in rats of morphine dependence and withdrawal intervention.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Metabolomics; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Narcotics; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2012 |
The Shigella flexneri effector OspI deamidates UBC13 to dampen the inflammatory response.
Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Amidohydrolases; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Aspartic Acid; B-Cell CLL-Lymphoma 10 Protein; Biocatalysis; Caspases; Catalytic Domain; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cysteine; Diglycerides; DNA Mutational Analysis; Dysentery, Bacillary; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HEK293 Cells; HeLa Cells; Histidine; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Mice; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Translocation 1 Protein; Neoplasm Proteins; NF-kappa B; Shigella flexneri; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6; Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes; Virulence Factors | 2012 |
Phase-adjusted echo time (PATE)-averaging 1 H MRS: application for improved glutamine quantification at 2.89 T.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Computer Simulation; Creatinine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Protons; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2012 |
Activation of glutamate transport evokes rapid glutamine release from perisynaptic astrocytes.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain Stem; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Feedback, Physiological; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synaptic Transmission | 2012 |
Glutamatergic changes in the cerebral white matter associated with schizophrenic exacerbation.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Case-Control Studies; Disease Progression; Excitatory Amino Acids; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroimaging; Parietal Lobe; Schizophrenia | 2012 |
Posterior insular molecular changes in myofascial pain.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Facial Pain; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neuroimaging; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome; Young Adult | 2012 |
Chip-based amperometric enzyme sensor system for monitoring of bioprocesses by flow-injection analysis.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Calibration; Catalase; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Fermentation; Flow Injection Analysis; Glucose; Glucose Oxidase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine | 2013 |
Frontal GABA levels change during working memory.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Neuroimaging; Neurotransmitter Agents; Prefrontal Cortex; Reaction Time | 2012 |
Effect of Angeli's salt on the glutamate/glutamine cycle activity and on glutamate excitotoxicity in the hamster retina.
Topics: Animals; Cricetinae; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mesocricetus; Nitrites; Retina | 2012 |
Alterations of glutamate, glutamine, and related amino acids in the anterior eye secondary to ischaemia and reperfusion.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Anterior Eye Segment; Aqueous Humor; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Ciliary Body; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Lens, Crystalline; Pigment Epithelium of Eye; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury | 2012 |
Astroglial glutamate transporters trigger glutaminergic gliotransmission.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Synaptic Transmission | 2012 |
Evaluation of corpus geniculatum laterale and vitreous fluid by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with glaucoma; a preliminary study.
Topics: Aged; Apoptosis; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Female; Geniculate Bodies; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gonioscopy; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Tonometry, Ocular; Vitreous Body | 2012 |
Analysis of tumor metabolism reveals mitochondrial glucose oxidation in genetically diverse human glioblastomas in the mouse brain in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Glioblastoma; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred NOD; Mice, SCID; Mitochondria; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neostriatum; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenotype; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2012 |
Mechanism of Mn(II)-mediated dysregulation of glutamine-glutamate cycle: focus on glutamate turnover.
Topics: Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Blotting, Western; Caspase Inhibitors; Caspases; Cell Nucleus; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Cytosol; Endocytosis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunoprecipitation; Indicators and Reagents; Lysosomes; Manganese Compounds; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; Protein Kinase C; Protein Kinase C-alpha; Protein Kinase C-delta; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Small Interfering; Signal Transduction; Translocation, Genetic; Ubiquitination | 2012 |
Chronic h1-antihistamine treatment increases seizure susceptibility after withdrawal by impairing glutamine synthetase.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Blotting, Western; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Convulsants; Electroshock; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Histidine Decarboxylase; Immunohistochemistry; Kindling, Neurologic; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Pentylenetetrazole; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seizures; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2012 |
Quantification of glutamate and glutamine using constant-time point-resolved spectroscopy at 3 T.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Ethanol; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tissue Distribution | 2013 |
The system N transporter SN2 doubles as a transmitter precursor furnisher and a potential regulator of NMDA receptors.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Cells, Cultured; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Membrane Transport Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Xenopus laevis | 2012 |
Multimodal analysis of the hippocampus in schizophrenia using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Oxygen; Protons; Schizophrenia; Young Adult | 2012 |
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of glutamate and corticotropin releasing hormone in major depression before and after treatment.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Case-Control Studies; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Cyclohexanols; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Suicidal Ideation; Treatment Outcome; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; Young Adult | 2013 |
Investigation of cortical glutamate-glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid in obsessive-compulsive disorder by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Young Adult | 2012 |
Metabolomic signatures in guinea pigs infected with epidemic-associated W-Beijing strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Topics: Acetates; Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Choline; Epidemics; Ethanolamine; Formates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Lactic Acid; Lung; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metabolome; Multivariate Analysis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Niacinamide; Phosphocreatine; Principal Component Analysis; ROC Curve; Tuberculoma; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary | 2012 |
Delineation of glutamate pathways and secretory responses in pancreatic islets with β-cell-specific abrogation of the glutamate dehydrogenase.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspartic Acid; Calcium Signaling; Cells, Cultured; Female; Glucose; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Leucine; Male; Mice; Mice, 129 Strain; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout | 2012 |
Which prior knowledge? Quantification of in vivo brain 13C MR spectra following 13C glucose infusion using AMARES.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Infusions, Intra-Arterial; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metabolic Flux Analysis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tissue Distribution | 2013 |
Asymmetric dimethylarginine is strongly associated with cognitive dysfunction and brain MR spectroscopic abnormalities in cirrhosis.
Topics: Adult; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies | 2013 |
Glutamate and CO2 production from glutamine in incubated enterocytes of adult and very old rats.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Enterocytes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2013 |
Deletion of glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (Glud1) in the central nervous system affects glutamate handling without altering synaptic transmission.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Female; Gene Deletion; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Mice, 129 Strain; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Transgenic; Neural Pathways; Organ Culture Techniques; Receptors, Glutamate; Synaptic Transmission | 2012 |
Comparative evaluation of 18F-labeled glutamic acid and glutamine as tumor metabolic imaging agents.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Molecular Imaging; Radiochemistry; Rats; Stereoisomerism | 2012 |
Metabolic changes detected by ex vivo high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy in the striatum of 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's rat.
Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Neostriatum; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2013 |
Biophysical characterization of the proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter YjdL.
Topics: Biophysics; Calorimetry; Chromatography, Gel; Circular Dichroism; Dipeptides; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ligands; Membrane Transport Proteins; Protons; Recombinant Proteins | 2012 |
A single point mutation in the gene encoding Gb3/CD77 synthase causes a rare inherited polyagglutination syndrome.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Carbohydrate Sequence; Cell Line, Tumor; Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells; Flow Cytometry; Galactosyltransferases; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Globosides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemagglutination; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenotype; Point Mutation; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Syndrome | 2012 |
Riluzole-triggered GSH synthesis via activation of glutamate transporters to antagonize methylmercury-induced oxidative stress in rat cerebral cortex.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Apoptosis; Cerebral Cortex; Deoxyguanosine; Down-Regulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Male; Malondialdehyde; Methylmercury Compounds; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Riluzole | 2012 |
Differential NMR spectroscopy reactions of anterior/posterior and right/left insular subdivisions due to acute dental pain.
Topics: Acute Pain; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Pain Threshold; Prospective Studies; Sampling Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Toothache; Young Adult | 2013 |
Enhancement of spectral editing efficacy of multiple quantum filters in in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Algorithms; Brain Chemistry; Citrates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phantoms, Imaging; Protons | 2012 |
The real face of HIF1α in the tumor process.
Topics: Ammonia; Glucose Transporter Type 1; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Neoplasms; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 2012 |
Analysis of brain metabolism by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder suggests a generalized differential ontogenic pattern from controls.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Female; Functional Neuroimaging; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Linear Models; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Protons; Statistics, Nonparametric | 2012 |
Altered brain metabolism after whole body irradiation in mice: a preliminary in vivo 1H MRS study.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Hypothalamus; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mice; Models, Neurological; Oxidative Stress; Phosphocreatine; Taurine; Thalamus; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution | 2013 |
Glutamine deficiency in the prefrontal cortex increases depressive-like behaviours in male mice.
Topics: 2-Aminoadipic Acid; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Astrocytes; Depressive Disorder; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Methionine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Prefrontal Cortex | 2013 |
Two-dimensional J-resolved proton MR spectroscopy and prior knowledge fitting (ProFit) in the frontal and parietal lobes of healthy volunteers: assessment of metabolite discrimination and general reproducibility.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Brain Mapping; Electromagnetic Fields; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Statistical; Parietal Lobe; Reproducibility of Results; Software; Young Adult | 2013 |
Changes in the C/N balance caused by increasing external ammonium concentrations are driven by carbon and energy availabilities during ammonium nutrition in pea plants: the key roles of asparagine synthetase and anaplerotic enzymes.
Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Asparagine; Aspartate-Ammonia Ligase; Carbon; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Light; Nitrogen; Pisum sativum; Polyamines | 2013 |
Substrate competition studies demonstrate oxidative metabolism of glucose, glutamate, glutamine, lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate in cortical astrocytes from rat brain.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Astrocytes; Brain; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Oxidation-Reduction; Substrate Specificity | 2012 |
The Sakaguchi reaction product quenches phycobilisome fluorescence, allowing determination of the arginine concentration in cells of Anabaena strain PCC 7120.
Topics: Ammonia; Anabaena; Arginine; Bacterial Proteins; Biological Transport, Active; Cytoskeleton; Fluorescence; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nitrogen Fixation; Phycobilisomes; Spectrometry, Fluorescence | 2013 |
Dietary supplementation with monosodium glutamate is safe and improves growth performance in postweaning pigs.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Dietary Supplements; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Sodium Glutamate; Swine; Weaning | 2013 |
Metabolite concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex predict high neuropathic pain impact after spinal cord injury.
Topics: Adult; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuralgia; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Reproducibility of Results; Severity of Illness Index; Spinal Cord Injuries | 2013 |
Psychiatric symptoms correlate with metabolic indices in the hippocampus and cingulate in patients with mitochondrial disorders.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anxiety; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Caudate Nucleus; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Gyrus Cinguli; Hippocampus; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Mitochondrial Diseases; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales | 2012 |
Neurometabolite concentration and clinical features of chronic alcohol use: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Choline; Creatine; Female; Functional Neuroimaging; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Phosphocreatine; Sex Factors | 2013 |
Microchip CE-LIF method for the hydrolysis of L-glutamine by using L-asparaginase enzyme reactor based on gold nanoparticle.
Topics: Asparaginase; Bioreactors; Electrophoresis, Microchip; Enzymes, Immobilized; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gold; Hydrolysis; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Metal Nanoparticles; Reproducibility of Results | 2013 |
Marked reductions in visual evoked responses but not γ-aminobutyric acid concentrations or γ-band measures in remitted depression.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Brain Waves; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Female; Functional Neuroimaging; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Visual Cortex | 2013 |
Relationship between transcranial magnetic stimulation measures of intracortical inhibition and spectroscopy measures of GABA and glutamate+glutamine.
Topics: Adult; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Motor Cortex; Neural Inhibition; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation | 2013 |
Brain dynamic neurochemical changes in dystonic patients: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Dystonia; Energy Metabolism; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Neostriatum; Neural Pathways; Somatosensory Cortex; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Upper Extremity; Young Adult | 2013 |
Highly resolved two-dimensional ¹H spectroscopy of the human brain using ISIS CT-PRESS with resolution enhancement.
Topics: Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Enhancement; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phantoms, Imaging; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Signal-To-Noise Ratio | 2012 |
EphA5-EphrinA5 interactions within the ventromedial hypothalamus influence counterregulatory hormone release and local glutamine/glutamate balance during hypoglycemia.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Ephrin-A5; Epinephrine; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucagon; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Male; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, EphA5; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | 2013 |
Higher glutamate to glutamine ratios in occipital regions in women with migraine during the interictal state.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Epilepsy; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Migraine Disorders; Occipital Lobe; Young Adult | 2013 |
In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy detection of combined glutamate-glutamine in healthy upper cervical cord at 3 T.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Cervical Vertebrae; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Reference Values; Spinal Cord | 2013 |
Effects of intensive cognitive-behavioral therapy on cingulate neurochemistry in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Dipeptides; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neurochemistry; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Pilot Projects; Severity of Illness Index | 2013 |
Metabolomic profilings of urine and serum from high fat-fed rats via 1H NMR spectroscopy and pattern recognition.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Choline; Citric Acid; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fats; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippurates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metabolomics; Obesity; Rats; Taurine | 2013 |
Amino acid immunoreactivity in normal human retina and after brachytherapy.
Topics: Aged; Amino Acids; Brachytherapy; Eye Banks; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Ischemia; Male; Retina; Retinal Diseases; Taurine | 2013 |
Abnormal activity-dependent brain lactate and glutamate+glutamine responses in panic disorder.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Photic Stimulation; Somatoform Disorders; Tritium; Visual Cortex | 2013 |
Amino acid turnover by human oocytes is influenced by gamete developmental competence, patient characteristics and gonadotrophin treatment.
Topics: Age Factors; Alanine; Amino Acids; Arginine; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gonadotropins; Humans; Infertility, Female; Isoleucine; Kinetics; Lysine; Metaphase; Oocytes; Ovulation Induction; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Serine; Valine | 2013 |
Assessment of brain metabolites change during visual sexual stimulation in healthy women using functional MR spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Mapping; Choline; Creatine; Erotica; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Libido; Lipid Metabolism; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Photic Stimulation; Sexual Behavior; Young Adult | 2013 |
Phosphonic analogues of glutamic acid as irreversible inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus endoproteinase GluC: an efficient synthesis and inhibition of the human IgG degradation.
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Serine Endopeptidases; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; Staphylococcus aureus | 2013 |
[Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of metabolic changes in mice brain after 2-deoxy-D-glucose injection].
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Deoxyglucose; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mice; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Radiography | 2012 |
Quantification of the neurochemical profile using simulated macromolecule resonances at 3 T.
Topics: Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Macromolecular Substances; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mathematics | 2013 |
GLAST/EAAT1-induced glutamine release via SNAT3 in Bergmann glial cells: evidence of a functional and physical coupling.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Animals; Cell Communication; Chick Embryo; Chickens; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neuroglia; Neurons; Primary Cell Culture; Protein Binding; Sodium; Synapses; Tritium | 2013 |
Hippocampal abnormalities of glutamate/glutamine, N-acetylaspartate and choline in patients with depression are related to past illness burden.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Cost of Illness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged | 2013 |
Increased brain uptake and oxidation of acetate in heavy drinkers.
Topics: Acetates; Adult; Alcoholism; Blood Glucose; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Oxidation-Reduction; Young Adult | 2013 |
Regulation of nitrate reduction in Arabidopsis WT and hxk1 mutant under C and N metabolites.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Biological Transport; Carbon; DNA, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hexokinase; Isoenzymes; Ketoglutaric Acids; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Nitrate Reductase; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Leaves; Plants, Genetically Modified; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sucrose | 2013 |
Neuron-astrocyte interactions, pyruvate carboxylation and the pentose phosphate pathway in the neonatal rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pentose Phosphate Pathway; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2014 |
Hypothalamic EphA5 facilitates counterregulatory responses: possible role for bidirectional signaling leading to bistability that enhances responsiveness to hypoglycemia.
Topics: Animals; Ephrin-A5; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoglycemia; Male; Receptor, EphA5; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | 2013 |
Maternal and cord blood LC-HRMS metabolomics reveal alterations in energy and polyamine metabolism, and oxidative stress in very-low birth weight infants.
Topics: Biogenic Polyamines; Carnitine; Female; Fetal Blood; Gestational Age; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy | 2013 |
Effects of age and sex on the concentrations of glutamate and glutamine in the human brain.
Topics: Adult; Aging; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sex Factors; Young Adult | 2013 |
Differential levels of brain amino acids in rat models presenting learned helplessness or non-learned helplessness.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Helplessness, Learned; Male; Models, Animal; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2013 |
The cyclomodulin cycle inhibiting factor (CIF) alters cullin neddylation dynamics.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; COP9 Signalosome Complex; Cullin Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Multiprotein Complexes; NEDD8 Protein; Peptide Hydrolases; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Ubiquitins | 2013 |
A comparative study of short- and long-TE ¹H MRS at 3 T for in vivo detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate in brain tumors.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutarates; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Mutation; Phantoms, Imaging; Protons; Young Adult | 2013 |
Increased concentrations of glutamate and glutamine in normal-appearing white matter of patients with multiple sclerosis and normal MR imaging brain scans.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis | 2013 |
Thalamic glutamate/glutamine in restless legs syndrome: increased and related to disturbed sleep.
Topics: Aged; Arousal; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Polysomnography; Restless Legs Syndrome; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Thalamus; Up-Regulation | 2013 |
Is restless legs syndrome a sleep disorder?
Topics: Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Restless Legs Syndrome; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Thalamus; Up-Regulation | 2013 |
[Effect of subchronic realgar exposure on Glu and Gln in infant rat brain].
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Arsenic; Arsenic Poisoning; Arsenicals; Brain; Cacodylic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Methylation; Rats; Sulfides | 2012 |
Modeling of brain metabolism and pyruvate compartmentation using (13)C NMR in vivo: caution required.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Radioisotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Statistical; Neuroglia; Neurons; Pyruvic Acid; Rats | 2013 |
Effect of interferon-α on cortical glutamate in patients with hepatitis C: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Cerebral Cortex; Depression; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatitis C; Humans; Inflammation; Interferon-alpha; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Protons | 2014 |
Time-dependent effects of haloperidol on glutamine and GABA homeostasis and astrocyte activity in the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Astrocytes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Haloperidol; Homeostasis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prosencephalon; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Schizophrenia; Time Factors | 2013 |
Differential impact of hyponatremia and hepatic encephalopathy on health-related quality of life and brain metabolite abnormalities in cirrhosis.
Topics: Brain; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Diuretics; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyponatremia; Inositol; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Sickness Impact Profile | 2013 |
In vivo neurometabolic profiling to characterize the effects of social isolation and ketamine-induced NMDA antagonism: a rodent study at 7.0 T.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Ketamine; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Social Isolation | 2014 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the substantia nigra in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Protons; Schizophrenia; Substantia Nigra; Young Adult | 2013 |
L-glutamine and L-glutamic acid facilitate successful agrobacterium infection of recalcitrant tea cultivars.
Topics: Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Camellia sinensis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Plants, Genetically Modified; Transfection | 2013 |
Cerebral microdialysis reflects the neuroprotective effect of fractionated plasma separation and adsorption in acute liver failure better and earlier than intracranial pressure: a controlled study in pigs.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain Edema; Cerebrum; Extracorporeal Circulation; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intracranial Hypertension; Intracranial Pressure; Lactic Acid; Liver Failure, Acute; Microdialysis; Pyruvic Acid; Sorption Detoxification; Swine; Time Factors | 2013 |
Effect of glucose on glutamine metabolism in rat brain slices: a cellular metabolomic study with Effect of glucose ¹³C NMR.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Rats | 2013 |
Brain metabolite alterations in young adults at familial high risk for schizophrenia using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Family Health; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Protons; Schizophrenia; Young Adult | 2013 |
An imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis revealed by use of 3-T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Down-Regulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Neural Inhibition; Riluzole; Up-Regulation | 2013 |
Reduced subcortical glutamate/glutamine in adults with autism spectrum disorders: a [¹H]MRS study.
Topics: Adult; Asperger Syndrome; Autistic Disorder; Basal Ganglia; Brain Chemistry; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Severity of Illness Index | 2013 |
Identifying critical unrecognized sugar-protein interactions in GH10 xylanases from Geobacillus stearothermophilus using STD NMR.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Crystallography, X-Ray; Disaccharides; Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases; Escherichia coli; Geobacillus stearothermophilus; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Isomerism; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Mutation; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Protein Binding; Recombinant Proteins; Substrate Specificity; Thermodynamics; Xylose | 2013 |
Posttranslational nitration of tyrosine residues modulates glutamate transmission and contributes to N-methyl-D-aspartate-mediated thermal hyperalgesia.
Topics: Animals; Cytosol; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hot Temperature; Hyperalgesia; Immunoprecipitation; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Nitrogen; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptosomes; Tyrosine | 2013 |
Systematic regional variations of GABA, glutamine, and glutamate concentrations follow receptor fingerprints of human cingulate cortex.
Topics: Adult; Brain Mapping; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Linear Models; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, GABA-B; Young Adult | 2013 |
Withdrawal from long-term methamphetamine self-administration 'normalizes' neurometabolites in rhesus monkeys: a (1) H MR spectroscopy study.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Caudate Nucleus; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Inositol; Longitudinal Studies; Macaca mulatta; Methamphetamine; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Putamen; Self Administration; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2015 |
Parkinson's disease: in vivo metabolic changes in the frontal and parietal cortices in 6-OHDA treated rats during different periods.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Creatine; Disease Models, Animal; Frontal Lobe; Functional Laterality; Functional Neuroimaging; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Motor Activity; Oxidopamine; Parietal Lobe; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Rats; Substantia Nigra; Time Factors | 2014 |
Increased ratio of glutamate/glutamine to creatine in the right hippocampus contributes to depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Creatine; Depression; Epilepsy; Female; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Prospective Studies; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Young Adult | 2013 |
(1)H-MRS of hippocampus in patients after first manic episode.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Hydrogen; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurons; Prospective Studies; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2014 |
Identification of the glutaminase genes of Aspergillus sojae involved in glutamate production during soy sauce fermentation.
Topics: Aspergillus; Culture Techniques; Fermentation; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hydrolysis; Soy Foods | 2013 |
Reduced frontal glutamate + glutamine and N-acetylaspartate levels in patients with chronic schizophrenia but not in those at clinical high risk for psychosis or with first-episode schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Disease Progression; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Prodromal Symptoms; Psychotic Disorders; Risk; Schizophrenia; Young Adult | 2014 |
Imaging glutamate homeostasis in cocaine addiction with the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 positron emission tomography radiotracer [(11)C]ABP688 and magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Case-Control Studies; Choice Behavior; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Corpus Striatum; Functional Neuroimaging; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Oximes; Positron-Emission Tomography; Pyridines; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; Self Administration; Young Adult | 2014 |
In vitro reconstitution of peptidoglycan assembly from the Gram-positive pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactam Resistance; beta-Lactams; Cell Wall; Genetic Engineering; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homologous Recombination; Penicillin-Binding Proteins; Peptidoglycan; Peptidoglycan Glycosyltransferase; Peptidyl Transferases; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid | 2013 |
A follow-up study of neurometabolic alterations in female concussed athletes.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Brain Chemistry; Brain Concussion; Creatine; Depression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Prefrontal Cortex; Young Adult | 2014 |
Modification of the pheophytin redox potential in Thermosynechococcus elongatus Photosystem II with PsbA3 as D1.
Topics: Cyanobacteria; Electron Transport; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Light; Mutation; Oxidation-Reduction; Pheophytins; Photosystem II Protein Complex | 2014 |
The effect of spent medium recycle on cell proliferation, metabolism and baculovirus production by the lepidopteran Se301 cell line infected at very low MOI.
Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Culture Media; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactates; Spodoptera | 2013 |
Electrographic seizures are significantly reduced by in vivo inhibition of neuronal uptake of extracellular glutamine in rat hippocampus.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System A; Amino Acid Transport Systems; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures | 2013 |
Increased hippocampal glutamate and volumetric deficits in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Hydrogen; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Multimodal Imaging; Schizophrenia; Young Adult | 2013 |
Energy metabolism and glutamate-glutamine cycle in the brain: a stoichiometric modeling perspective.
Topics: Astrocytes; Brain; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Models, Biological; Neurons; Oxidation-Reduction; Reproducibility of Results; Synaptic Transmission | 2013 |
Reproducibility of phase rotation STEAM at 3T: focus on glutathione.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phantoms, Imaging; Reproducibility of Results | 2014 |
R-flurbiprofen improves tau, but not Aß pathology in a triple transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Disease Models, Animal; Flurbiprofen; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Maze Learning; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; tau Proteins | 2013 |
Changes in intracellular metabolite pools during growth of adherent MDCK cells in two different media.
Topics: Animals; Culture Media; Cytosol; Dogs; Epithelial Cells; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolome | 2014 |
Inducible presynaptic glutamine transport supports glutamatergic transmission at the calyx of Held synapse.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Animals; beta-Alanine; Biological Transport, Active; Brain Stem; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Organ Culture Techniques; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 2013 |
Partitioning of glutamine synthesised by the isolated perfused human placenta between the maternal and fetal circulations.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Biological Transport; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Membrane; Female; Fetal Development; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Leucine; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Models, Biological; Nitrogen Isotopes; Perfusion; Placenta; Placental Circulation; Pregnancy; Trophoblasts | 2013 |
Reversal of metabolic deficits by lipoic acid in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: a 13C NMR study.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Thioctic Acid; Vitamin B Complex | 2014 |
Preliminary differences in peripheral immune markers and brain metabolites between fatigued and non-fatigued breast cancer survivors: a pilot study.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain; Breast Neoplasms; Creatine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fatigue; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Interleukin-6; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine; Pilot Projects; Prognosis; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Survivors | 2014 |
DNA recognition of 5-carboxylcytosine by a Zfp57 mutant at an atomic resolution of 0.97 Å.
Topics: 5-Methylcytosine; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Arginine; Binding Sites; Computational Biology; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cytosine; DNA; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Mice; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Mutant Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Repressor Proteins; Zinc; Zinc Fingers | 2013 |
Glutamate, N-acetyl aspartate and psychotic symptoms in chronic ketamine users.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Psychotic Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders; Young Adult | 2014 |
Fatty acid biosynthesis from glutamate and glutamine is specifically induced in neuronal cells under hypoxia.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Blotting, Western; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Line; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Esterification; Fatty Acids; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mass Spectrometry; Neurons; Rats | 2014 |
Evaluation of the glutamine 27 glutamic acid polymorphism in the adrenoceptor β2 surface gene on obesity and metabolic phenotypes in Taiwan.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Middle Aged; Obesity; Phenotype; Pilot Projects; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Taiwan | 2014 |
Thalamic glutamate/glutamine in restless legs syndrome: increased and related to disturbed sleep.
Topics: Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Restless Legs Syndrome; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Thalamus; Up-Regulation | 2013 |
Enzymatic production and degradation of cheese-derived non-proteolytic aminoacyl derivatives.
Topics: Carboxypeptidases; Cheese; Chymotrypsin; Dipeptides; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Pepsin A; Phenylalanine; Proteolysis; Trypsin | 2014 |
Transglutaminase 2-dependent deamidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promotes trophoblastic cell fusion.
Topics: Amides; Amino Acid Sequence; Cell Fusion; Cell Line, Tumor; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Giant Cells; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; GTP-Binding Proteins; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutant Proteins; Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Transglutaminases; Trophoblasts | 2014 |
Mycobacterial mistranslation is necessary and sufficient for rifampicin phenotypic resistance.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Phenotype; Protein Biosynthesis; Proteomics; Recombination, Genetic; Rifampin | 2014 |
Myoinositol and glutamate complex neurometabolite abnormality after mild traumatic brain injury.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Injuries; Case-Control Studies; Caudate Nucleus; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Creatine; Female; Globus Pallidus; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Putamen; Thalamus; Young Adult | 2014 |
Increased glutamine in patients undergoing long-term treatment for schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 3 T.
Topics: Adult; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Protons; Schizophrenia; Severity of Illness Index; Time Factors | 2014 |
Hb Memphis [HBA2: c.70G>C (or HBA1)] in a Turkish child: a case report and comparison to Hb Q-Thailand (HBA1: c.223G>C).
Topics: Cations; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; DNA Mutational Analysis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hemoglobin A2; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Humans; Infant; Ion Exchange; Male; Mutation, Missense; Point Mutation; Thailand; Turkey | 2014 |
Assessment of changes in brain metabolites in Indian patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; India; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Protons; Tertiary Care Centers | 2014 |
Thalamic glutamate/glutamine in restless legs syndrome: increased and related to disturbed sleep.
Topics: Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Restless Legs Syndrome; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Thalamus; Up-Regulation | 2014 |
A new hemoglobin variant: Hb Henan [β90(F6)Glu → Gln; HBB: c.271G < C].
Topics: Adult; Base Sequence; beta-Globins; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Humans; Male; Mutation, Missense | 2014 |
Quercetin inhibits AMPK/TXNIP activation and reduces inflammatory lesions to improve insulin signaling defect in the hypothalamus of high fructose-fed rats.
Topics: Animals; Carrier Proteins; Cell Cycle Proteins; Fructose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hyperlipidemias; Hyperuricemia; Hypothalamus; Inflammasomes; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; NF-kappa B; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Quercetin; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Signal Transduction | 2014 |
Absolute quantitation of glutamate, GABA and glutamine using localized 2D constant-time COSY spectroscopy in vivo.
Topics: Algorithms; Brain Chemistry; Calibration; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phantoms, Imaging; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | 2014 |
Exploring cross-talk between oxidative damage and excitotoxicity and the effects of riluzole in the rat cortex after exposure to methylmercury.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Male; Mercury; Methylmercury Compounds; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxins; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Stress; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Riluzole | 2014 |
Metal cation dependence of interactions with amino acids: bond dissociation energies of Rb(+) and Cs(+) to the acidic amino acids and their amide derivatives.
Topics: Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Cations; Cesium; Computer Simulation; Entropy; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Models, Chemical; Potassium; Quantum Theory; Rubidium; Sodium; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Xenon | 2014 |
Reduced subcortical glutamate/glutamine in adults with autism spectrum disorders: a [(1)H]MRS study.
Topics: Brain; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2014 |
NADH-dependent glutamate synthase plays a crucial role in assimilating ammonium in the Arabidopsis root.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonium Compounds; Arabidopsis; Genes, Reporter; Glutamate Synthase (NADH); Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydroponics; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Nitrogen; Plant Leaves; Plant Proteins; Plant Roots; Plants, Genetically Modified; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Soil | 2014 |
Detection of glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione by radiofrequency suppression and echo time optimization at 7 tesla.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Artifacts; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tissue Distribution | 2015 |
Neuronal and astrocytic metabolism in a transgenic rat model of Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Citric Acid Cycle; Disease Models, Animal; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neurons; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Transgenic; Rats, Wistar | 2014 |
Abnormal levels of brain metabolites may mediate cognitive impairment in stroke-free patients with cerebrovascular risk factors.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Executive Function; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Mental Recall; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Predictive Value of Tests; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Risk Factors | 2014 |
Glutamate/glutamine and neuronal integrity in adults with ADHD: a proton MRS study.
Topics: Adult; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Basal Ganglia; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Prefrontal Cortex | 2014 |
Reproducibility and reliability of short-TE whole-brain MR spectroscopic imaging of human brain at 3T.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Models, Biological; Molecular Imaging; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tissue Distribution | 2015 |
Prefrontal grey and white matter neurometabolite changes after atomoxetine and methylphenidate in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Aspartic Acid; Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Child; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Methylphenidate; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Prefrontal Cortex; Propylamines; Treatment Outcome | 2014 |
Plasma metabolite profiles of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Arachidonic Acid; Biomarkers; Chromatography, Liquid; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cytidine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Sarcosine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thymine | 2014 |
Reduction in glutamine/glutamate levels in the cerebral cortex after adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy in patients with west syndrome.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Cosyntropin; Electroencephalography; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Occipital Lobe; Spasms, Infantile | 2014 |
[Hydrolyzed wheat protein].
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutens; Humans; Hydrolysis; Immunoglobulin E; Male; Mice; Soaps; Triticum; Wheat Hypersensitivity | 2014 |
Acute liver failure in rats activates glutamine-glutamate cycle but declines antioxidant enzymes to induce oxidative stress in cerebral cortex and cerebellum.
Topics: Animals; Catalase; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Glutathione Peroxidase; Glutathione Reductase; Liver Failure, Acute; Male; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Organ Specificity; Oxidative Stress; Protein Carbonylation; Rats; Superoxide Dismutase | 2014 |
Neurobehaviour between birth and 40 weeks' gestation in infants born <30 weeks' gestation and parental psychological wellbeing: predictors of brain development and child outcomes.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Child Development; Choline; Gestational Age; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mental Health; Neurologic Examination; Neuropsychological Tests; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting; Parents; Premature Birth; Prospective Studies; Term Birth | 2014 |
Abnormalities of the glutamine-glutamate-GABA cycle in the schizophrenia brain.
Topics: Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Protons; Schizophrenia | 2014 |
Evaluation of synthase and hemisynthase activities of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Topics: Enzyme Assays; Fructosephosphates; Glucosamine; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase (Isomerizing); Kinetics; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Substrate Specificity | 2014 |
Plasma amino acid profiles of breast cancer patients early in the trajectory of the disease differ from healthy comparison groups.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amino Acids; Body Composition; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Energy Intake; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Humans; Leucine; Middle Aged; Threonine | 2014 |
ACVR1 p.Q207E causes classic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and is functionally distinct from the engineered constitutively active ACVR1 p.Q207D variant.
Topics: Activin Receptors, Type I; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Chickens; Child; Disease Models, Animal; Genetic Variation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hindlimb; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Molecular Sequence Data; Muscle, Skeletal; Myositis Ossificans; NIH 3T3 Cells; Point Mutation; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Sequence Alignment | 2014 |
13C isotope-assisted methods for quantifying glutamine metabolism in cancer cells.
Topics: Biochemistry; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Hypoxia; Cells, Cultured; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lipids; Neoplasms | 2014 |
An artifact in LC-MS/MS measurement of glutamine and glutamic acid: in-source cyclization to pyroglutamic acid.
Topics: Artifacts; Chromatography, Liquid; Cyclization; Flow Injection Analysis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2014 |
tDCS-induced alterations in GABA concentration within primary motor cortex predict motor learning and motor memory: a 7 T magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adult; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Learning; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Memory; Motor Cortex; Motor Skills; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; Visual Cortex; Young Adult | 2014 |
Glutamine, glutamate, and arginine-based acid resistance in Lactobacillus reuteri.
Topics: Acids; Arginine; Bacterial Proteins; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolases; Limosilactobacillus reuteri | 2014 |
GlnR-mediated regulation of nitrogen metabolism in the actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Ammonium Chloride; Bacterial Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nitrates; Nitrogen | 2014 |
Glutamate/glutamine metabolism coupling between astrocytes and glioma cells: neuroprotection and inhibition of glioma growth.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Communication; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neoplasm Invasiveness | 2014 |
TET-catalyzed 5-methylcytosine hydroxylation is dynamically regulated by metabolites.
Topics: 5-Methylcytosine; Animals; Biocatalysis; Dioxygenases; DNA Methylation; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydroxylation; Ketoglutaric Acids; Liver; Mice | 2014 |
Higher glutamate+glutamine and reduction of N-acetylaspartate in posterior cingulate according to age range in patients with cognitive impairment and/or pain.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Cognition Disorders; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Prospective Studies | 2014 |
Caloric restriction impedes age-related decline of mitochondrial function and neuronal activity.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Caloric Restriction; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mitochondria; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Synaptic Transmission | 2014 |
Transmitter self-regulation by extracellular glutamate in fresh human cortical slices.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Extracellular Fluid; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Neurons; Tetrodotoxin; Time Factors; Veratridine | 2014 |
Effects of metabolic pathway precursors and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on poly-(gamma)-glutamic acid production by Bacillus subtilis BL53.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Culture Media; Dimethylpolysiloxanes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Polyglutamic Acid | 2014 |
Disturbed cingulate glutamate metabolism in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: evidence in support of the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance hypothesis.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Mapping; Cerebellum; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Psychometrics | 2014 |
Sleep spindles are related to schizotypal personality traits and thalamic glutamine/glutamate in healthy subjects.
Topics: Adult; Brain Waves; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Schizotypal Personality Disorder; Sleep; Thalamus; Young Adult | 2015 |
Functional characterization of the dguRABC locus for D-Glu and d-Gln utilization in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; D-Amino-Acid Oxidase; Gene Knockout Techniques; Gene Order; Genetic Loci; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Membrane Transport Proteins; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Multigene Family; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Trans-Activators | 2014 |
In vivo 1H MRS study in microlitre voxels in the hippocampus of a mouse model of Down syndrome at 11.7 T.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Disease Models, Animal; Dominance, Cerebral; Down Syndrome; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Neurologic Mutants; Neuroimaging; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2014 |
ENAM mutations with incomplete penetrance.
Topics: Adolescent; Amelogenesis Imperfecta; Child; Chromosome Segregation; Codon, Nonsense; Codon, Terminator; Consanguinity; Cytosine; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Exome; Exons; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guanine; Heterozygote; Humans; Male; Penetrance; Phenotype; Thymine | 2014 |
Response to dietary supplementation of L-glutamine and L-glutamate in broiler chickens reared at different stocking densities under hot, humid tropical conditions.
Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hot Temperature; Humidity; Intestines; Population Density; Random Allocation; Tropical Climate | 2014 |
Glutamate enrichment as new diagnostic opportunity in breast cancer.
Topics: Biomarkers; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Cluster Analysis; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Metabolomics; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Staging; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; Prognosis; Receptors, Estrogen; Signal Transduction | 2015 |
Glutamate level in anterior cingulate predicts anxiety in healthy humans: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Predictive Value of Tests; Young Adult | 2014 |
In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the evaluation of hepatic encephalopathy in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male | 2014 |
Changes in plasma D-serine, L-serine, and glycine levels in treatment-resistant schizophrenia before and after clozapine treatment.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Case-Control Studies; Clozapine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Schizophrenia; Serine; Stereoisomerism; Treatment Failure | 2014 |
The ratio of acetate-to-glucose oxidation in astrocytes from a single 13C NMR spectrum of cerebral cortex.
Topics: Acetates; Acetyl Coenzyme A; Animals; Astrocytes; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neurons; Oxidation-Reduction | 2015 |
Regional and tissue-specific differences in brain glutamate concentration measured by in vivo single voxel MRS.
Topics: Adult; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Statistics as Topic; Young Adult | 2015 |
Evaluation of impact-induced traumatic brain injury in the Göttingen Minipig using two input modes.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Injuries; Dipeptides; Disease Models, Animal; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Swine; Swine, Miniature | 2014 |
Age related changes in metabolite concentrations in the normal spinal cord.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aging; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values; Spinal Cord; Young Adult | 2014 |
Baseline effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on glutamatergic neurotransmission and large-scale network connectivity.
Topics: Brain; Brain Mapping; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Nerve Net; Synaptic Transmission; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; Young Adult | 2015 |
Effect of the replacement of aspartic acid/glutamic acid residues with asparagine/glutamine residues in RNase He1 from Hericium erinaceus on inhibition of human leukemia cell line proliferation.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Antineoplastic Agents; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Basidiomycota; Cell Proliferation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HL-60 Cells; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leukemia; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Conformation; Ribonucleases; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2015 |
Phosphorylation of HPV-16 E2 at serine 243 enables binding to Brd4 and mitotic chromosomes.
Topics: Anaphase; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cell Cycle Proteins; Chlorocebus aethiops; COS Cells; DNA-Binding Proteins; Genome, Viral; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HEK293 Cells; Human papillomavirus 16; Humans; Metaphase; Mutation; Nuclear Proteins; Oncogene Proteins, Viral; Phenotype; Phosphorylation; Protein Binding; Serine; Transcription Factors | 2014 |
TiO2 nanoparticle-induced neurotoxicity may be involved in dysfunction of glutamate metabolism and its receptor expression in mice.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gene Expression; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Metal Nanoparticles; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Neurotoxins; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Titanium | 2016 |
Simultaneously targeting tissue transglutaminase and kidney type glutaminase sensitizes cancer cells to acid toxicity and offers new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Topics: Allosteric Site; Ammonia; Antineoplastic Agents; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Cell Death; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Drug Design; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; GTP-Binding Proteins; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Kidney; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; Transglutaminases | 2015 |
Abnormal relationship between GABA, neurophysiology and impulsive behavior in neurofibromatosis type 1.
Topics: Adolescent; Attention; Brain; Child; Electroencephalography; Executive Function; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Inhibition, Psychological; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurofibromatosis 1; Neuropsychological Tests; Young Adult | 2015 |
Glutamate: Where does it come from and where does it go?
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Neurons; Pregnancy | 2015 |
Glutamate, GABA, and glutamine are synchronously upregulated in the mouse lateral septum during the postpartum period.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Signal Transduction; Transcriptional Activation; Up-Regulation | 2014 |
Elevated expression of glutaminase confers glucose utilization via glutaminolysis in prostate cancer.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Carrier Proteins; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Disease Progression; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; RNA Interference | 2015 |
Markers of glutamate signaling in cerebrospinal fluid and serum from patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls.
Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Serine | 2015 |
Maximum entropy estimation of glutamate and glutamine in MR spectroscopic imaging.
Topics: Algorithms; Biomarkers; Brain; Entropy; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Imaging; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tissue Distribution | 2014 |
1H-MRS of the anterior cingulate cortex in childhood and adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case-control study.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Child; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Male; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales | 2015 |
Brain energy metabolism measured by (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo upon infusion of [3-(13)C]lactate.
Topics: Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Radionuclide Imaging; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2015 |
Glutamatergic neurometabolites during early abstinence from chronic methamphetamine abuse.
Topics: Adult; Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Protons; Statistics as Topic; Substance-Related Disorders; Young Adult | 2014 |
Neurochemical effects of chronic administration of calcitriol in rats.
Topics: Animals; Calcitriol; Calcium; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Homeostasis; Male; Monoamine Oxidase; Neurotransmitter Agents; Phosphorus; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Calcitriol; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin; Tryptophan Hydroxylase | 2014 |
The separation of Gln and Glu in STEAM: a comparison study using short and long TEs/TMs at 3 and 7 T.
Topics: Adult; Brain Chemistry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phantoms, Imaging; Reproducibility of Results; Signal-To-Noise Ratio; Software | 2015 |
Type 1 diabetes alters astrocytic properties related with neurotransmitter supply, causing abnormal neuronal activities.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Astrocytes; Blotting, Western; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glucose; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Prefrontal Cortex; Reactive Nitrogen Species; Reactive Oxygen Species | 2015 |
Crosstalk Among Disrupted Glutamatergic and Cholinergic Homeostasis and Inflammatory Response in Mechanisms Elicited by Proline in Astrocytes.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Astrocytes; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Cytokines; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Inflammation; Proline; Rats, Wistar | 2016 |
Chronic social isolation decreases glutamate and glutamine levels and induces oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Catalase; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione Peroxidase; Hippocampus; Hydrogen Peroxide; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Oxidative Stress; Phosphocreatine; Prefrontal Cortex; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Social Isolation; Superoxide Dismutase | 2015 |
Glutamatergic and neurometabolic alterations in chronic cocaine users measured with (1) H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2016 |
Glutamatergic neurometabolites in clozapine-responsive and -resistant schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Biomarkers; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Clozapine; Creatine; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2015 |
An Examination of Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Function and Neurochemistry in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Oxygen; Protons; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Young Adult | 2015 |
Effects of γ-Aminobutyric acid transporter 1 inhibition by tiagabine on brain glutamate and γ-Aminobutyric acid metabolism in the anesthetized rat In vivo.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Nipecotic Acids; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tiagabine | 2015 |
Up-regulation of glutamine synthesis in microglia activated with endotoxin.
Topics: Animals; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lipopolysaccharides; Microglia; Rats, Wistar | 2015 |
Frontal P3 event-related potential is related to brain glutamine/glutamate ratio measured in vivo.
Topics: Adult; Event-Related Potentials, P300; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Young Adult | 2015 |
Optimal excitation and emission wavelengths to analyze amino acids and optimize neurotransmitters quantification using precolumn OPA-derivatization by HPLC.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; o-Phthalaldehyde; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine | 2015 |
Assessment of glutamate in striatal subregions in obsessive-compulsive disorder with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Corpus Striatum; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2015 |
Decoupling of N-acetyl-aspartate and glutamate within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Oxidative Stress; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia | 2015 |
¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy of Thy-1-APPSL mice brain extracts indicates metabolic changes in Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Creatine; Disease Models, Animal; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Male; Mice, Transgenic; Mutation; Peptide Fragments; Phosphorylcholine; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2015 |
Glutamate and asparagine cataplerosis underlie glutamine addiction in melanoma.
Topics: Asparagine; Cell Growth Processes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Melanoma | 2015 |
Assessing Susceptibility to Epilepsy in Three Rat Strains Using Brain Metabolic Profiling Based on HRMAS NMR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics.
Topics: Age Factors; Alanine; Animals; Disease Susceptibility; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethanolamines; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Inositol; Male; Metabolome; Motor Cortex; Multivariate Analysis; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats, Wistar; Somatosensory Cortex; Species Specificity; Taurine | 2015 |
Compensatory glutamine metabolism promotes glioblastoma resistance to mTOR inhibitor treatment.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Benzophenanthridines; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Citric Acid Cycle; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Synergism; Energy Metabolism; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glioblastoma; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Humans; Indoles; Ketoglutaric Acids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Metabolome; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasm Proteins; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Purines; RNA, Small Interfering; Rotarod Performance Test; Signal Transduction; Temporal Lobe; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays | 2015 |
Evidence for early neurodegeneration in the cervical cord of patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Atrophy; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Cervical Cord; Disability Evaluation; Early Diagnosis; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gray Matter; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive; Nerve Degeneration; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Spinal Cord; White Matter; Young Adult | 2015 |
Inferring causal metabolic signals that regulate the dynamic TORC1-dependent transcriptome.
Topics: Causality; Cell Cycle; Computer Simulation; Culture Media; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Metabolome; Models, Biological; Nitrogen; Probability; Proteome; RNA, Fungal; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Signal Transduction; Transcription Factors; Transcriptome | 2015 |
The role of skeletal muscle in liver glutathione metabolism during acetaminophen overdose.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Drug Overdose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Liver; Models, Biological; Muscle, Skeletal; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2015 |
Environmental factors and beta2-adrenergic receptor polymorphism: influence on the energy expenditure and nutritional status of obese women.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acid Substitution; Dietary Fats; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Obesity; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 | 2015 |
Conditions for (13)C NMR detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate in tissue extracts from isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutated gliomas.
Topics: Carbon Isotopes; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutarates; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mutation | 2015 |
[Information processing and brain metabolic characteristics in patients at ultra-high risk for endogenous psychosis].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Evoked Potentials; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Mental Processes; Neuroimaging; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychotic Disorders; Risk; Thalamus; Young Adult | 2015 |
Resting-state glutamatergic neurotransmission is related to the peak latency of the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) for duration deviants: An (1)H-MRS-EEG study.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adult; Auditory Perception; Brain Mapping; Contingent Negative Variation; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Synaptic Transmission; Temporal Lobe; Young Adult | 2015 |
1H-NMR-based metabolomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from adult bilateral moyamoya disease: comparison with unilateral moyamoya disease and atherosclerotic stenosis.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Citric Acid; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Intracranial Arteriosclerosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Moyamoya Disease; Prospective Studies; Taurine | 2015 |
Brain and cognition abnormalities in long-term anabolic-androgenic steroid users.
Topics: Adult; Amygdala; Anabolic Agents; Androgens; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Cognition Disorders; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Hypertrophy; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neural Pathways; Neuroimaging; Neuropsychological Tests; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2015 |
Progressive multiple sclerosis exhibits decreasing glutamate and glutamine over two years.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Disease Progression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive; Time Factors | 2016 |
Impact of family history of alcoholism on glutamine/glutamate ratio in anterior cingulate cortex in substance-naïve adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Aging; Alcoholism; Brain Chemistry; Child; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Young Adult | 2015 |
In Vitro Study of L-Glutamate and L-Glutamine Transport in Retinal Pericytes: Involvement of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 and Alanine-Serine-Cysteine Transporter 2.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Transport System ASC; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cysteine; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ion Transport; Male; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; Pericytes; Rats, Wistar; Retina; Serine | 2015 |
Stable isotope dilution HILIC-MS/MS method for accurate quantification of glutamic acid, glutamine, pyroglutamic acid, GABA and theanine in mouse brain tissues.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Chromatography, Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Male; Mice; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2016 |
Glutamatergic markers, age, intellectual functioning and psychosis in 22q11 deletion syndrome.
Topics: 22q11 Deletion Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Biomarkers; Cognition; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Intelligence; Intelligence Tests; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Proline; Psychotic Disorders; Regression Analysis; Young Adult | 2015 |
Increase in glutamate/glutamine concentration in the medial prefrontal cortex during mental imagery: A combined functional mrs and fMRI study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Athletes; Brain Mapping; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Imagination; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Oxygen; Prefrontal Cortex; Swimming; Young Adult | 2015 |
Reliability of 7T (1) H-MRS measured human prefrontal cortex glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione signals using an adapted echo time optimized PRESS sequence: A between- and within-sessions investigation.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Middle Aged; Molecular Imaging; Neurotransmitter Agents; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Young Adult | 2016 |
A quantitative analysis of (1)H-MR spectroscopy at 3.0 T of three brain regions from childhood to middle age.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Child; Creatinine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2015 |
Disinhibition reduces extracellular glutamine and elevates extracellular glutamate in rat hippocampus in vivo.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; CA1 Region, Hippocampal; CA3 Region, Hippocampal; Dendritic Cells; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Functional Laterality; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Male; Microdialysis; Organophosphorus Compounds; Pyridazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium Channels | 2015 |
Developmental changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Adult; Age Factors; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child Development; Female; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gray Matter; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2015 |
L-Amino Acids Elicit Diverse Response Patterns in Taste Sensory Cells: A Role for Multiple Receptors.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Calcium; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Serine; Taste; Taste Buds; Taste Perception; Toll-Like Receptor 3; Tongue | 2015 |
(1)H NMR-Based Metabolomics and Neurotoxicity Study of Cerebrum and Cerebellum in Rats Treated with Cinnabar, a Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cell Death; Cerebellum; Cerebrum; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inositol; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Membrane Fluidity; Mercury Compounds; Metabolomics; Neurons; Organ Specificity; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Taurine | 2015 |
Regulation of brain glutamate metabolism by nitric oxide and S-nitrosylation.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Blotting, Western; Brain; Chromatography, Liquid; Cysteine; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Proteome; Proteomics; Rats; S-Nitrosothiols; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2015 |
Viability assessment of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the detection of minimal hepatic encephalopathy severity.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Cognition; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis; Humans; Inositol; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests | 2015 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed differences in the glutamate + glutamine/creatine ratio of the anterior cingulate cortex between healthy and pediatric post-traumatic stress disorder patients diagnosed after 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.
Topics: Adolescent; Case-Control Studies; China; Creatine; Disasters; Earthquakes; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic | 2015 |
Neurochemical changes in the pericalcarine cortex in congenital blindness attributable to bilateral anophthalmia.
Topics: Adult; Anophthalmos; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Male; Somatosensory Cortex; Visual Cortex | 2015 |
Probing the role of highly conserved residues in triosephosphate isomerase--analysis of site specific mutants at positions 64 and 75 in the Plasmodial enzyme.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Biocatalysis; Conserved Sequence; Databases, Protein; Dimerization; Enzyme Stability; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutant Proteins; Plasmodium falciparum; Protein Conformation; Protozoan Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Threonine; Triose-Phosphate Isomerase | 2015 |
Neuropeptide S receptor gene variation modulates anterior cingulate cortex Glx levels during CCK-4 induced panic.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Blood Chemical Analysis; Creatine; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Genotype; Genotyping Techniques; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Panic; Pilot Projects; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Tetragastrin; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2015 |
Single-voxel (1)H spectroscopy in the human hippocampus at 3 T using the LASER sequence: characterization of neurochemical profile and reproducibility.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Feasibility Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Lactates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult | 2015 |
A pilot in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of amino acid neurotransmitter response to ketamine treatment of major depressive disorder.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Antidepressive Agents; Brain; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketamine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pilot Projects; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Tritium | 2016 |
Disrupted glutamate-glutamine cycle in acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion.
Topics: Biomarkers; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tissue Distribution; White Matter | 2015 |
Apoptotic markers in cultured fibroblasts correlate with brain metabolites and regional brain volume in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia and healthy controls.
Topics: Adult; Apoptosis; Brain; Caspase 3; Cell Culture Techniques; Female; Fibroblasts; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Organ Size; Schizophrenia; Young Adult | 2015 |
Elevated Myo-Inositol, Choline, and Glutamate Levels in the Associative Striatum of Antipsychotic-Naive Patients With First-Episode Psychosis: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study With Implications for Glial Dysfunction.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Neuroglia; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia | 2016 |
Simultaneous quantification of glutamate and glutamine by J-modulated spectroscopy at 3 Tesla.
Topics: Algorithms; Brain Chemistry; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Imaging; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tissue Distribution | 2016 |
Why does mutation of Gln61 in Ras by the nitro analog NGln maintain activity of Ras-GAP in hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate?
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guanosine Triphosphate; Hydrolysis; Mutation; ras Proteins | 2015 |
Yeast nitrogen catabolite repression is sustained by signals distinct from glutamine and glutamate reservoirs.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nitrogen; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins | 2016 |
A Longitudinal (6-week) 3T (1)H-MRS Study on the Effects of Lithium Treatment on Anterior Cingulate Cortex Metabolites in Bipolar Depression.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Inositol; Lithium Compounds; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Protons; Statistics, Nonparametric; Young Adult | 2015 |
Reduced cortical thickness in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure due to non-alcoholic etiology.
Topics: Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Software; Treatment Outcome | 2015 |
Functional Connectivity is Associated With Altered Brain Chemistry in Women With Endometriosis-Associated Chronic Pelvic Pain.
Topics: Adult; Cerebral Cortex; Chronic Pain; Endometriosis; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Neural Pathways; Pelvic Pain; Young Adult | 2016 |
Expression of Glutamate and Glutamine Transporter Proteins in Neurovascular Unit Cells In Vitro.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System ASC; Animals; Astrocytes; Biological Transport; Brain; Cell Communication; Cell Differentiation; Cell Hypoxia; Embryo, Mammalian; Endothelial Cells; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Gene Expression; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Iodoacetic Acid; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; Models, Biological; Neural Stem Cells; Neurons; Primary Cell Culture; Rats | 2015 |
An RNA interference knock-down of nitrate reductase enhances lipid biosynthesis in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.
Topics: Carbon; Diatoms; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lipid Metabolism; Malonyl Coenzyme A; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; NADP; Nitrate Reductase; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Oxidation-Reduction; Photosynthesis; RNA Interference; Stress, Physiological | 2015 |
Anterior cingulate Glutamate-Glutamine cycle metabolites are altered in euthymic bipolar I disorder.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Antidepressive Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2015 |
Increased serum levels of serine enantiomers in patients with depression.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Serine; Stereoisomerism; Young Adult | 2016 |
Physiological Effects of GLT1 Modulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Growing on Different Nitrogen Sources.
Topics: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbohydrates; Culture Media; Gene Deletion; Genes, Fungal; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen Peroxide; Nitrogen; Reactive Oxygen Species; Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 2016 |
Relationship between body mass index and hippocampal glutamate/glutamine in bipolar disorder.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Case-Control Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Linear Models; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Young Adult | 2016 |
Glutamine synthetase activity fuels nucleotide biosynthesis and supports growth of glutamine-restricted glioblastoma.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Blotting, Western; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Citric Acid Cycle; Coculture Techniques; Female; Glioblastoma; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Mice, Inbred NOD; Mice, SCID; Models, Biological; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Nucleotides; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Transplantation, Heterologous | 2015 |
Stable isotope studies reveal pathways for the incorporation of non-essential amino acids in Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphids).
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aphids; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Buchnera; Carbon Isotopes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Isotopes; Symbiosis | 2015 |
Gln40 deamidation blocks structural reconfiguration and activation of SCF ubiquitin ligase complex by Nedd8.
Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Carrier Proteins; Catalytic Domain; Cullin Proteins; Deamination; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; NEDD8 Protein; Protein Binding; SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Ubiquitins | 2015 |
The Molecular Basis of TnrA Control by Glutamine Synthetase in Bacillus subtilis.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Enzyme Stability; Gene Deletion; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Ligands; Methionine Sulfoximine; Models, Molecular; Molecular Weight; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Conformation; Recombinant Proteins; Repressor Proteins; Surface Plasmon Resonance | 2016 |
A combined diffusion tensor imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Multimodal Imaging; Myelin Sheath; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; White Matter | 2016 |
GABA content within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is related to trait anxiety.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anxiety; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2016 |
Maternal Exposure to Ethanol During Pregnancy and Lactation Affects Glutamatergic System and Induces Oxidative Stress in Offspring Hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Calcium; Carbon Radioisotopes; Central Nervous System Depressants; Ethanol; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Lactation; Maternal Exposure; Neuroglia; Oxidative Stress; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Radionuclide Imaging; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium | 2016 |
3D spatially encoded and accelerated TE-averaged echo planar spectroscopic imaging in healthy human brain.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Computer Simulation; Creatine; Echo-Planar Imaging; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Metabolome; Monte Carlo Method; Young Adult | 2016 |
Replication of the Shrimp Virus WSSV Depends on Glutamate-Driven Anaplerosis.
Topics: Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Chromones; Citric Acid Cycle; Gene Dosage; Genome, Viral; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Hemocytes; Hemolymph; Ketoglutaric Acids; Metabolomics; Morpholines; Penaeidae; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; RNA Interference; RNA, Double-Stranded; RNA, Messenger; Sirolimus; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Virus Replication; White spot syndrome virus 1 | 2016 |
The inhibition/excitation ratio related to task-induced oscillatory modulations during a working memory task: A multtimodal-imaging study using MEG and MRS.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetoencephalography; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Young Adult | 2016 |
Hippocampal neurochemical markers in bipolar disorder patients following the first-manic episode: A prospective 12-month proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2017 |
Binge ethanol withdrawal: Effects on post-withdrawal ethanol intake, glutamate-glutamine cycle and monoamine tissue content in P rat model.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Acidic; Animals; Biogenic Monoamines; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Ethanol; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Serotonin; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2016 |
Glutamate Dehydrogenase Is Required by Mycobacterium bovis BCG for Resistance to Cellular Stress.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Cell Line; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gene Expression; Genetic Complementation Test; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Macrophages; Mice; Mutation; Mycobacterium bovis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Donors; Primary Cell Culture; Stress, Physiological; Transaminases | 2016 |
[DYNAMICS OF GLUTAMINE SYNTHASE ACTIVITY IN RAT BRAIN IN PRENATAL HYPOXIA MODEL].
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Apoptosis; Brain Chemistry; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypothalamus; Hypoxia; Maternal Exposure; Medulla Oblongata; Organogenesis; Oxygen; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stress, Physiological | 2015 |
First total synthesis of WLIP: on the importance of correct protecting group choice.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Bacterial Proteins; Depsipeptides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lipopeptides; Pseudomonas; Solid-Phase Synthesis Techniques | 2016 |
Elevated prefrontal cortex GABA in patients with major depressive disorder after TMS treatment measured with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2016 |
Prefrontal NAA and Glx Levels in Different Stages of Psychotic Disorders: a 3T 1H-MRS Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Disease Progression; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychotic Disorders; Regression Analysis; Risk; Severity of Illness Index; Time Factors | 2016 |
Gene expression patterns in transgenic mouse models of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in myosin regulatory light chain.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Arginine; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Computational Biology; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lysine; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Multigene Family; Mutation; Myocardium; Myosin Light Chains; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Phenotype; Principal Component Analysis; Valine | 2016 |
Age-related changes in anterior cingulate cortex glutamate in schizophrenia: A (1)H MRS Study at 7 Tesla.
Topics: Adult; Aging; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Dipeptides; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia | 2016 |
Abnormality in glutamine-glutamate cycle in the cerebrospinal fluid of cognitively intact elderly individuals with major depressive disorder: a 3-year follow-up study.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cognition; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synaptic Transmission | 2016 |
In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) evaluation of the metabolite concentration of optic radiation in primary open angle glaucoma.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Choline; Creatine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Fibers; Optic Nerve; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Radiation Dosage; Young Adult | 2016 |
Amino Acids Rather than Glucose Account for the Majority of Cell Mass in Proliferating Mammalian Cells.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Carbon; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Citric Acid Cycle; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 2016 |
Free Amino Acids in Human Milk and Associations With Maternal Anthropometry and Infant Growth.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Breast Feeding; Cohort Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Male; Milk, Human; Pregnancy | 2016 |
KIR2DL2/2DL3-E(35) alleles are functionally stronger than -Q(35) alleles.
Topics: Alleles; Animals; Cell Line; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Gene Expression Regulation; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HLA-C Antigens; Humans; Killer Cells, Natural; Mice; Mice, Inbred NOD; Mice, SCID; Models, Molecular; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Primary Cell Culture; Protein Binding; Protein Domains; Protein Structure, Secondary; Receptors, KIR2DL2; Receptors, KIR2DL3; Signal Transduction | 2016 |
Reductive carboxylation supports redox homeostasis during anchorage-independent growth.
Topics: Cell Adhesion; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Citric Acid; Contact Inhibition; Cytosol; Extracellular Matrix; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Isocitrates; Mitochondria; NADP; Neoplasms; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Spheroids, Cellular | 2016 |
Metabolic reprogramming during neuronal differentiation.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; DNA, Mitochondrial; Glucose; Glucose Transporter Type 3; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Metabolic Engineering; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Mitochondria; Neurons; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases | 2016 |
Glutamine and Glutamate Complex, as Measured by Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Alters During Face-Name Association Task in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cohort Studies; Face; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mental Status Schedule; Names; Neuropsychological Tests; Pattern Recognition, Physiological; ROC Curve | 2016 |
Transiently increased glutamate cycling in rat PFC is associated with rapid onset of antidepressant-like effects.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phenols; Piperidines; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Scopolamine | 2017 |
Metabonomic profiles delineate potential role of glutamate-glutamine cycle in db/db mice with diabetes-associated cognitive decline.
Topics: Animals; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Discriminant Analysis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Immunohistochemistry; Least-Squares Analysis; Male; Maze Learning; Memory; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Models, Biological; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Tissue Extracts | 2016 |
Brain metabolite abnormalities in ventromedial prefrontal cortex are related to duration of hypercortisolism and anxiety in patients with Cushing's syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Cushing Syndrome; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales | 2016 |
Elevated basal glutamate and unchanged glutamine and GABA in refractory epilepsy: Microdialysis study of 79 patients at the yale epilepsy surgery program.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cerebral Cortex; Child; Drug Resistant Epilepsy; Electrodes, Implanted; Electroencephalography; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Male; Microdialysis; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2016 |
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D inhibits glutamine metabolism in Harvey-ras transformed MCF10A human breast epithelial cell.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System ASC; Cell Line, Transformed; Citric Acid Cycle; Epithelial Cells; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Mammary Glands, Human; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; Oncogene Protein p21(ras); Promoter Regions, Genetic; Receptor, ErbB-2; Receptors, Calcitriol; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Small Interfering; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Response Element | 2016 |
Alanyl-glutamine supplementation regulates mTOR and ubiquitin proteasome proteolysis signaling pathways in piglets.
Topics: Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Dietary Supplements; Dipeptides; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Liver; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; Proteolysis; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Sus scrofa; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Ubiquitins; Weight Gain | 2016 |
A 'complex' of brain metabolites distinguish altered chemistry in the cingulate cortex of episodic migraine patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Cohort Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2016 |
Refined modelling of the short-T2 signal component and ensuing detection of glutamate and glutamine in short-TE, localised, (1) H MR spectra of human glioma measured at 3 T.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain Neoplasms; Computer Simulation; Female; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Models, Chemical; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | 2016 |
Effects of HIV/TAT protein expression and chronic selegiline treatment on spatial memory, reversal learning and neurotransmitter levels in mice.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Dopamine; Gene Expression; Gene Products, tat; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HIV; Male; Maze Learning; Mental Recall; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Reversal Learning; Selegiline; Serotonin; Spatial Memory | 2016 |
Altered neuronal spontaneous activity correlates with glutamate concentration in medial prefrontal cortex of major depressed females: An fMRI-MRS study.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neurons; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales | 2016 |
Cortical thickness and metabolite concentration in chronic stroke and the relationship with motor function.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Activity; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Stroke; Upper Extremity | 2016 |
A hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for amino acid profiling in mussels.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Bivalvia; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Limit of Detection; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2017 |
The recovery trajectory of adolescent social defeat stress-induced behavioral, (1)H-MRS metabolites and myelin changes in Balb/c mice.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Creatinine; Down-Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Myelin Basic Protein; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Social Behavior; Stress, Psychological; Up-Regulation | 2016 |
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Patients with Insomnia: A Repeated Measurement Study.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Case-Control Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Polysomnography; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders | 2016 |
Neurochemical correlates of internet game play in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Internet; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Video Games | 2016 |
Nature of Glutamate Alterations in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies.
Topics: Brain; Brain Mapping; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Reference Values; Risk Factors; Schizophrenia; Synaptic Transmission | 2016 |
Glutamatergic Dysfunction in Schizophrenia Evaluated With Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia | 2016 |
7T Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Glutamate, and Glutamine Reveals Altered Concentrations in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Siblings.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia; Siblings | 2017 |
Autocrine glutamatergic transmission for the regulation of embryonal carcinoma stem cells.
Topics: Animals; Autocrine Communication; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Chromatography, Liquid; Cytosol; Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Neurotransmitter Agents; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2016 |
(1)H-MRS metabolites in adults with Down syndrome: Effects of dementia.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Dementia; Down Syndrome; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2016 |
Integrative Network-based Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Genome Wide Expression in Glioblastoma multiforme.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Computational Biology; Creatine; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genome-Wide Association Study; Glioblastoma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins; Neurons; Oligodendroglia; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Survival Analysis | 2016 |
Regional distributions of brain glutamate and glutamine in normal subjects.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Enhancement; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Imaging; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Tissue Distribution | 2016 |
Involvement of glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in the expression of increased head-dipping behaviors in the hole-board tests of olfactory bulbectomized mice.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Disease Models, Animal; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Exploratory Behavior; Frontal Lobe; GABA-A Receptor Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Head Movements; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Motor Activity; Muscimol; Olfactory Bulb; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2016 |
Using Surface Scans for the Evaluation of Halogen Bonds toward the Side Chains of Aspartate, Asparagine, Glutamate, and Glutamine.
Topics: Amides; Amino Acids; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Carboxylic Acids; Crystallography, X-Ray; Drug Design; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Halogens; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Solvents | 2016 |
Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2) Function in the Brain as Revealed by the Cerebral Metabolism of (1-
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Mice, 129 Strain; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Uncoupling Protein 2 | 2017 |
Case control study: magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain in HIV infected patients.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Dipeptides; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HIV Infections; Humans; Inositol; Lipid Metabolism; Macromolecular Substances; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroimaging; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; White Matter | 2016 |
(1)H-MRS and MEGA-PRESS pulse sequence in the study of balance of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the human brain of ultra-high risk of schizophrenia patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Creatine; Frontal Lobe; Functional Laterality; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Prodromal Symptoms; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Risk; Schizophrenia; Young Adult | 2016 |
Astrocytes are key but indirect contributors to the development of the symptomatology and pathophysiology of Huntington's disease.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Cyclophilin A; Disease Models, Animal; DNA-Binding Proteins; Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32; Gene Expression Regulation; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Huntingtin Protein; Huntington Disease; Locomotion; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Mutation; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Nuclear Proteins | 2016 |
Adverse childhood experiences associate to reduced glutamate levels in the hippocampus of patients affected by mood disorders.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Mood Disorders; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2016 |
Prefrontal changes in the glutamate-glutamine cycle and neuronal/glial glutamate transporters in depression with and without suicide.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Depression; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Postmortem Changes; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Suicide | 2016 |
Chrysin, a flavonoid attenuates histological changes of hyperammonemic rats: A dose dependent study.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Bilirubin; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Brain; Creatinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flavonoids; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hyperammonemia; Kidney; Liver; Male; Models, Biological; Nitric Oxide; Rats, Wistar; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Urea; Uric Acid | 2016 |
Ketamine modulates hippocampal neurochemistry and functional connectivity: a combined magnetic resonance spectroscopy and resting-state fMRI study in healthy volunteers.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Healthy Volunteers; Hippocampus; Humans; Ketamine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurochemistry; Neuroimaging; Prefrontal Cortex; Rest | 2017 |
Ehrlichia secretes Etf-1 to induce autophagy and capture nutrients for its growth through RAB5 and class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.
Topics: Adenine; Animals; Autophagosomes; Autophagy; Autophagy-Related Protein 5; Bacterial Proteins; Beclin-1; Cell Membrane; Cell Proliferation; Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Dogs; Ehrlichia chaffeensis; Ehrlichiosis; Enzyme Activation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guanosine Triphosphate; HEK293 Cells; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Huntingtin Protein; Inclusion Bodies; Mutant Proteins; Protein Binding; rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins; Signal Transduction; Sirolimus; Ubiquitination | 2016 |
Glucose, Lactate and Glutamine but not Glutamate Support Depolarization-Induced Increased Respiration in Isolated Nerve Terminals.
Topics: Animals; Antimycin A; Brain; Cell Respiration; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Mice; Presynaptic Terminals; Rotenone | 2017 |
Creatine, Glutamine plus Glutamate, and Macromolecules Are Decreased in the Central White Matter of Premature Neonates around Term.
Topics: Cognitive Dysfunction; Creatine; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; Male; Occipital Lobe; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Retrospective Studies; Taurine; Temporal Lobe; Term Birth; Thalamus; White Matter | 2016 |
Lisdexamfetamine Effects on Executive Activation and Neurochemistry in Menopausal Women with Executive Function Difficulties.
Topics: Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Executive Function; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate; Memory, Short-Term; Menopause; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex | 2017 |
Glutamatergic and Neuronal Dysfunction in Gray and White Matter: A Spectroscopic Imaging Study in a Large Schizophrenia Sample.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gray Matter; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia; White Matter; Young Adult | 2017 |
Differential Contributions of GABA Concentration in Frontal and Parietal Regions to Individual Differences in Attentional Blink.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Attentional Blink; Female; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Individuality; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Parietal Lobe; Photic Stimulation; Young Adult | 2016 |
A spectroscopic approach toward depression diagnosis: local metabolism meets functional connectivity.
Topics: Adult; Cerebral Cortex; Connectome; Creatine; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged | 2017 |
Altered Glutamate and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Levels in Schizophrenia: A
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; White Matter; Young Adult | 2017 |
Whole-brain patterns of (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging in Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lewy Body Disease; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2016 |
Dietary supplementation of L-glutamine and L-glutamate in broiler chicks subjected to delayed placement.
Topics: Animal Husbandry; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Food Deprivation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Stress, Physiological; Water Deprivation | 2016 |
Fetal brain lesions after subcutaneous inoculation of Zika virus in a pregnant nonhuman primate.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Echoencephalography; Female; Fetus; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inositol; Macaca nemestrina; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; RNA, Viral; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection | 2016 |
Functional metabolic interactions of human neuron-astrocyte 3D in vitro networks.
Topics: Astrocytes; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Communication; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nerve Net; Neuroglia; Neurons | 2016 |
Metabolites of Glutamate Metabolism Are Associated With Incident Cardiovascular Events in the PREDIMED PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Trial.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Mediterranean; Dyslipidemias; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypertension; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Proportional Hazards Models; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Smoking; Spain; Stroke; Tobacco Smoking | 2016 |
Combined glutamate and glutamine levels in pain-processing brain regions are associated with individual pain sensitivity.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Pain; Pain Threshold; Protons; Young Adult | 2016 |
Sodium para-aminosalicylate protected cultured basal ganglia astrocytes from manganese-induced DNA damages and alteration of amino acid neurotransmitter levels.
Topics: Aminosalicylic Acid; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Basal Ganglia; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Cytoprotection; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Manganese Compounds; Manganese Poisoning; Protective Agents; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2016 |
Effects of repeated high-dose methamphetamine and ceftriaxone post-treatments on tissue content of dopamine and serotonin as well as glutamate and glutamine.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftriaxone; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Dopamine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Methamphetamine; Nucleus Accumbens; Organ Specificity; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats, Wistar; Serotonin | 2016 |
Metabolic abnormality in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Male; Neuroimaging; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2017 |
Enzyme activities involved in the glutamate-glutamine cycle are altered to reduce glutamate after spinal cord injury in rats.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme Activation; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spinal Cord Injuries; Time Factors | 2016 |
Bioluminescent Assays for Glucose and Glutamine Metabolism: High-Throughput Screening for Changes in Extracellular and Intracellular Metabolites.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Humans; Lactic Acid; Luminescent Measurements; Ovary; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2017 |
Inhibiting glutaminase in acute myeloid leukemia: metabolic dependency of selected AML subtypes.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Benzeneacetamides; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Energy Metabolism; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Glutarates; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Mutation; Protein Isoforms; Sulfides; Thiadiazoles | 2016 |
Microglia derived from the axotomized adult rat facial nucleus uptake glutamate and metabolize it to glutamine in vitro.
Topics: Aging; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Biological Transport; Cells, Cultured; Facial Nucleus; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Microglia; Neurons; Rats, Wistar | 2017 |
Intracerebral synthesis of glutamine from hyperpolarized glutamate.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2017 |
Diagnosing necrotic meningioma: a distinctive imaging pattern in diffusion MRI and MR spectroscopy.
Topics: Choline; Diagnosis, Differential; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Tritium | 2017 |
Introduction to the Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle.
Topics: Amino Acids; Astrocytes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neurons | 2016 |
Glucose, Lactate, β-Hydroxybutyrate, Acetate, GABA, and Succinate as Substrates for Synthesis of Glutamate and GABA in the Glutamine-Glutamate/GABA Cycle.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetates; Animals; Astrocytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Neurons; Succinates | 2016 |
Enzyme Complexes Important for the Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle.
Topics: Acylation; Astrocytes; Enzymes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurons | 2016 |
Glutaminases.
Topics: Animals; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Proteomics; Research | 2016 |
Glutamine Metabolism in Gliomas.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Cell Proliferation; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Neoplasm Invasiveness | 2016 |
Astroglia, Glutamatergic Transmission and Psychiatric Diseases.
Topics: Astrocytes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Mental Disorders; Neurons; Synaptic Transmission | 2016 |
d-Cycloserine, an NMDA Glutamate Receptor Glycine Site Partial Agonist, Induces Acute Increases in Brain Glutamate Plus Glutamine and GABA Comparable to Ketamine.
Topics: Brain Chemistry; Cycloserine; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketamine; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2016 |
Brain glutamate in anorexia nervosa: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy case control study at 7 Tesla.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anorexia Nervosa; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Creatine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Occipital Lobe; Young Adult | 2017 |
Tolerance of hyperammonemia in brain of Heteropneustes fossilis is supported by glutamate-glutamine cycle.
Topics: Animals; Arginase; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Catfishes; Encephalitis; Gene Expression; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hyperammonemia; Myelin Sheath; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuroglia; Neurons; RNA | 2017 |
Metabolic fate of glucose in rats with traumatic brain injury and pyruvate or glucose treatments: A NMR spectroscopy study.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Disease Models, Animal; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Pyruvic Acid; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2017 |
Dual targeting of glutaminase 1 and thymidylate synthase elicits death synergistically in NSCLC.
Topics: A549 Cells; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Death; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cytosol; Drug Synergism; Fluorouracil; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Lung Neoplasms; Malates; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Molecular Targeted Therapy; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction; Sulfides; Thiadiazoles; Thymidylate Synthase; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays | 2016 |
Translation-dependent bioassay for amino acid quantification using auxotrophic microbes as biocatalysts of protein synthesis.
Topics: beta-Galactosidase; Biological Assay; Calibration; Colorimetry; Genes, Reporter; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Histidine; Lactococcus lactis; Luciferases; Protein Biosynthesis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Time Factors; Valine | 2017 |
An Exploratory Study of Spectroscopic Glutamatergic Correlates of Cortical Excitability in Depressed Adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Depressive Disorder; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Motor Cortex; Neural Inhibition; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation | 2016 |
Reduced
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Risk; Schizophrenia; Young Adult | 2016 |
Pathological glutamatergic neurotransmission in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Basal Ganglia; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Synaptic Transmission; Thalamus; Tourette Syndrome; Young Adult | 2017 |
Could ethanol-induced alterations in the expression of glutamate transporters in testes contribute to the effect of paternal drinking on the risk of abnormalities in the offspring?
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Congenital Abnormalities; Ethanol; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Fathers; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Mice; Models, Biological; Paternal Exposure; Risk; Signal Transduction; Testis | 2017 |
Auditory multistability and neurotransmitter concentrations in the human brain.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adult; Auditory Cortex; Auditory Perception; Female; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Young Adult | 2017 |
Individual differences in visual motion perception and neurotransmitter concentrations in the human brain.
Topics: Adult; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Individuality; Japan; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Motion Perception; Neurotransmitter Agents; Prefrontal Cortex; Young Adult | 2017 |
Amniotic Fluid and Maternal Serum Metabolic Signatures in the Second Trimester Associated with Preterm Delivery.
Topics: Adult; Amniocentesis; Amniotic Fluid; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Female; Gestational Age; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lipids; Metabolome; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Principal Component Analysis; Prognosis; Pyruvic Acid | 2017 |
Abnormalities in metabolite concentrations in tourette's disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder-A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Choline; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Thalamus; Tourette Syndrome; Young Adult | 2017 |
Altered glutamate metabolism contributes to antiepileptogenic effects in the progression from focal seizure to generalized seizure by low-frequency stimulation in the ventral hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Dentate Gyrus; Disease Progression; Electric Stimulation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Kindling, Neurologic; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seizures | 2017 |
Improvement of the ammonia assimilation for enhancing L-arginine production of Corynebacterium crenatum.
Topics: Ammonia; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Batch Cell Culture Techniques; Corynebacterium; Culture Media; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Fermentation; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Industrial Microbiology; Metabolic Engineering | 2017 |
Clinically mild infantile encephalopathy associated with excitotoxicity.
Topics: Brain; Brain Diseases; Consciousness Disorders; Encephalitis, Viral; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Japan; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Retrospective Studies; Roseolovirus Infections | 2017 |
How the extra methylene group affects the ligation properties of Glu vs. Asp and Gln vs. Asn amino acids: a DFT/PCM study.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Computer Simulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ligands; Methane; Models, Chemical; Protein Binding; Proteins; Thermodynamics | 2017 |
Multimodal MRI Imaging of Apoptosis-Triggered Microstructural Alterations in the Postnatal Cerebral Cortex.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Apoptosis; Aspartic Acid; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cell Death; Cerebral Cortex; Dendrites; Diphtheria Toxin; Embryo, Mammalian; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Luminescent Proteins; Microfilament Proteins; Neurons; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2018 |
Brain volumetric and metabolic correlates of electroconvulsive therapy for treatment-resistant depression: a longitudinal neuroimaging study.
Topics: Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Hippocampus; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Organ Size; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Temporal Lobe | 2017 |
Dietary glutamine, glutamic acid and nucleotides increase the carbon turnover (δ 13C) on the intestinal mucosa of weaned piglets.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Carbon; Carbon Isotopes; Diet; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Male; Nucleotides; Random Allocation; Swine; Weaning | 2017 |
Glutamatergic metabolites are associated with visual plasticity in humans.
Topics: Adult; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Long-Term Potentiation; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Multimodal Imaging; Neuronal Plasticity; Visual Cortex; Young Adult | 2017 |
Reliability of glutamate and GABA quantification using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Reproducibility of Results; Young Adult | 2017 |
Characterization of energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in cortical glutamatergic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells: A novel approach to study metabolism in human neurons.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; Fibroblasts; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Mice; Middle Aged; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2017 |
Specificity of exogenous acetate and glutamate as astrocyte substrates examined in acute brain slices from female mice using methionine sulfoximine (MSO) to inhibit glutamine synthesis.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Methionine Sulfoximine; Mice; Organ Culture Techniques; Substrate Specificity | 2017 |
Enzymatic-fluorometric analyses for glutamine, glutamate and free amino groups in protein-free plasma and milk.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cattle; Female; Fluorometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Indicators and Reagents; Lactation; Mercaptoethanol; Milk; o-Phthalaldehyde; Reproducibility of Results | 2017 |
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Indicates Preserved Cerebral Biochemical Composition in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Aquaporin 4; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Cerebellum; Child; Choline; Creatine; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Inositol; Male; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Receptors, GABA-A | 2017 |
Monosodium glutamate-associated alterations in open field, anxiety-related and conditioned place preference behaviours in mice.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Brain; Choice Behavior; Conditioning, Psychological; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Grooming; Male; Maze Learning; Mice; Motor Activity; Sodium Glutamate | 2017 |
3T hippocampal glutamate-glutamine complex reflects verbal memory decline in aging.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Memory; Memory Disorders; Verbal Behavior | 2017 |
Impaired Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus May Contribute to Defective Counterregulation in Recurrently Hypoglycemic Rats.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Blood Glucose; Carbon Isotopes; Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypothalamus; Insulin; Microdialysis; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Recurrence; Synaptic Transmission | 2017 |
The glutamate/cystine xCT antiporter antagonizes glutamine metabolism and reduces nutrient flexibility.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System y+; Antioxidants; Biological Transport; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Culture Media; Cystine; Epithelial Cells; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HEK293 Cells; HeLa Cells; Humans; Mitochondria; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Signal Transduction | 2017 |
An unmodified wobble uridine in tRNAs specific for Glutamine, Lysine, and Glutamic acid from Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium results in nonviability-Due to increased missense errors?
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lysine; Mutation, Missense; RNA, Transfer; Salmonella typhimurium; Uridine | 2017 |
Overexpression of PSP1 enhances growth of transgenic Arabidopsis plants under ambient air conditions.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Carbon Dioxide; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Plant; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Nitrogen; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Photosynthesis; Plants, Genetically Modified; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sucrose | 2017 |
Improvement of Antioxidant Defences and Mood Status by Oral GABA Tea Administration in a Mouse Model of Post-Stroke Depression.
Topics: Affect; Animals; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Reproducibility of Results; Stroke; Tea | 2017 |
The Evaluation of BMAA Inhalation as a Potential Exposure Route Using a rat Model.
Topics: Amino Acids, Diamino; Animals; Cyanobacteria Toxins; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inhalation Exposure; Male; Necrosis; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Neurotoxins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Tritium | 2018 |
Glutamate/glutamine concentrations in the dorsal anterior cingulate vary with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms.
Topics: Adult; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Intelligence Tests; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Trauma Severity Indices; Young Adult | 2017 |
Metabolic Characterization of Myocardial Infarction Using GC-MS-Based Tissue Metabolomics.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Male; Metabolomics; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardium; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results | 2017 |
Ultra high-field (7tesla) magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Aspartic Acid; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Motor Neurons | 2017 |
Exploiting ROS and metabolic differences to kill cisplatin resistant lung cancer.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Cisplatin; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Energy Metabolism; Gene Expression; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Heterografts; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactate Dehydrogenase 5; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Mitochondria; Models, Biological; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen Consumption; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Riluzole | 2017 |
Glutamate in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia: A
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hallucinations; Humans; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia; White Matter; Young Adult | 2017 |
Self-protective responses to norvaline-induced stress in a leucyl-tRNA synthetase editing-deficient yeast strain.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Isoleucine; Kinetics; Leucine-tRNA Ligase; Proline; Protein Folding; Reactive Oxygen Species; RNA Editing; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Stress, Physiological; Valine | 2017 |
Interplay between tolerance mechanisms to copper and acid stress in
Topics: Copper; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mutation; Stress, Physiological | 2017 |
Glutamate dehydrogenase is essential to sustain neuronal oxidative energy metabolism during stimulation.
Topics: Animals; Cell Respiration; Energy Metabolism; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Mitochondria; Neurons | 2018 |
Involvement of the glutamate/glutamine cycle and glutamate transporter GLT-1 in antidepressant-like effects of Xiao Yao san on chronically stressed mice.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; China; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Mice | 2017 |
Glutamine: a major player in nitrogen catabolite repression in the yeast Dekkera bruxellensis.
Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Catabolite Repression; Dekkera; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Industrial Microbiology; Methionine Sulfoximine; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Regulon | 2017 |
Increased Glutamate in Somatosensory Cortex in Functional Dyspepsia.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Dyspepsia; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Middle Aged; Postprandial Period; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Severity of Illness Index; Somatoform Disorders; Somatosensory Cortex; Tertiary Care Centers | 2017 |
The impact of traumatic stress on Pavlovian biases.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Conditioning, Classical; Conditioning, Operant; Decision Making; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Reinforcement, Psychology; Stress Disorders, Traumatic; Survivors; Terrorism; Young Adult | 2018 |
Social isolation stress and chronic glutathione deficiency have a common effect on the glutamine-to-glutamate ratio and myo-inositol concentration in the mouse frontal cortex.
Topics: Animals; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Inositol; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Social Isolation; Stress, Psychological | 2017 |
Discovery of Novel Potent Reversible and Irreversible Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors Using Virtual Screening Procedure.
Topics: Benzimidazoles; Cell Line; Databases, Chemical; Drug Design; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guanidines; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Kinetics; Lactoperoxidase; Lipoproteins, LDL; Models, Chemical; Molecular Docking Simulation; Neutrophils; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxidase; Quinazolines; Stereoisomerism | 2017 |
Temperature dependence of
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Brain; Computer Simulation; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Phantoms, Imaging; Phosphocreatine; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Software; Temperature | 2017 |
Current Study of the Mechanism of Action of the Potential Anti-Epileptic Agent Q808.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Electroshock; Epilepsy; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Phthalazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA; Tetrazoles | 2017 |
Pre-therapy Neural State of Bilateral Motor and Premotor Cortices Predicts Therapy Gain After Subcortical Stroke: A Pilot Study.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Movement Disorders; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Pilot Projects; Stroke Rehabilitation | 2018 |
Alterations in glutamatergic signaling in the brain of dopamine supersensitivity psychosis and non-supersensitivity psychosis model rats.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Dopamine; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Haloperidol; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Male; Psychotic Disorders; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Serine | 2017 |
Differential gene expression in tomato fruit and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides during colonization of the RNAi-SlPH tomato line with reduced fruit acidity and higher pH.
Topics: Colletotrichum; Cyclopentanes; Fruit; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Ontology; Genes, Fungal; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Oxylipins; Propanols; RNA Interference; Solanum lycopersicum; Sugars | 2017 |
Protein glutaminylation is a yeast-specific posttranslational modification of elongation factor 1A.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Aminoacylation; Anti-Infective Agents; Conserved Sequence; Crystallography, X-Ray; Databases, Protein; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Peptide Elongation Factor 1; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Sequence Alignment; Species Specificity | 2017 |
A Critical Role of Glutamine and Asparagine γ-Nitrogen in Nucleotide Biosynthesis in Cancer Cells Hijacked by an Oncogenic Virus.
Topics: Asparagine; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspartic Acid; Cell Proliferation; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Neoplasms; Nitrogen; Nucleotides | 2017 |
Amino acids are major energy substrates for tissues of hybrid striped bass and zebrafish.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Bass; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Leucine; Oxidation-Reduction; Palmitates; Tromethamine; Zebrafish | 2017 |
(S)-Oxiracetam is the Active Ingredient in Oxiracetam that Alleviates the Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Antioxidants; Astrocytes; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dementia, Vascular; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Nootropic Agents; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spatial Learning; Spatial Memory; Stereoisomerism; White Matter | 2017 |
Real-time monitoring system for evaluating the acid-producing activity of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells at different environmental pH.
Topics: Acids; Ammonia; Antimetabolites; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Deoxyglucose; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Monitoring, Physiologic; Mouth Neoplasms | 2017 |
Sex differences in the glutamate signaling pathway in juvenile rats.
Topics: Animals; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sex Factors; Signal Transduction | 2018 |
A new infectious encephalopathy syndrome, clinically mild encephalopathy associated with excitotoxicity (MEEX).
Topics: Brain; Brain Diseases; Child, Preschool; Consciousness Disorders; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Retrospective Studies; Syndrome | 2017 |
Cerebral dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission relate to different subjective responses of acute alcohol intake: an in vivo multimodal imaging study.
Topics: Adult; Benzamides; Brain; Caudate Nucleus; Central Nervous System Depressants; Dopamine; Ethanol; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Nitriles; Parietal Lobe; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pyridines; Pyrrolidines; Radiopharmaceuticals; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; Synaptic Transmission; Temporal Lobe; Thalamus; Young Adult | 2018 |
Anterior cingulate cortex γ-aminobutyric acid deficits in youth with depression.
Topics: Adolescent; Anhedonia; Brain; Child; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Severity of Illness Index; Young Adult | 2017 |
Glutaminase inhibition improves FLT3 inhibitor therapy for acute myeloid leukemia.
Topics: Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Benzothiazoles; Cell Line, Tumor; Female; fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Mice; Mice, Inbred NOD; Mice, Transgenic; Phenylurea Compounds; Thiadiazoles; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays | 2018 |
An Objective Short Sleep Insomnia Disorder Subtype Is Associated With Reduced Brain Metabolite Concentrations In Vivo: A Preliminary Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Assessment.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Polysomnography; Prefrontal Cortex; Sleep; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2017 |
Measurement of
Topics: Acetates; Brain Neoplasms; Carbon Isotopes; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male | 2017 |
Assessment of intra- and inter-regional interrelations between GABA+, Glx and BOLD during pain perception in the human brain - A combined
Topics: Adult; Brain; Brain Mapping; Functional Laterality; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Oxygen; Pain Perception; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Statistics, Nonparametric; Young Adult | 2017 |
Rapid quantification of glutaminase 2 (GLS2)-related metabolites by HILIC-MS/MS.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Limit of Detection; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2017 |
Biosynthesis of Nucleoside Diphosphoramidates in Campylobacter jejuni.
Topics: Amides; Bacterial Capsules; Bacterial Proteins; Biosynthetic Pathways; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter jejuni; Cytidine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrolases; Nucleosides; Nucleotidyltransferases; Phosphoric Acids; Polysaccharides, Bacterial | 2017 |
Glutamatergic Response to Heat Pain Stress in Schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Hot Temperature; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nociceptive Pain; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia; Stress, Physiological; Young Adult | 2018 |
Glutamate homeostasis in the adult rat prefrontal cortex is altered by cortical docosahexaenoic acid accrual during adolescence: An in vivo
Topics: Aging; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Astrocytes; Diet; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans | 2017 |
Occipital GABA levels in older adults and their relationship to visual perceptual suppression.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Young Adult | 2017 |
Improved resolution of glutamate, glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid with optimized point-resolved spectroscopy sequence timings for their simultaneous quantification at 9.4 T.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phantoms, Imaging; Rats | 2018 |
Systematic analyses of glutamine and glutamate metabolisms across different cancer types.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neoplasms | 2017 |
Identification of serum metabolites associated with obesity and traditional risk factors for metabolic disease in Chinese adults.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amino Acids, Aromatic; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Biomarkers; China; Chromatography, Liquid; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Obesity; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Young Adult | 2018 |
Quantification of GABA, glutamate and glutamine in a single measurement at 3 T using GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Phantoms, Imaging; Young Adult | 2018 |
Selective proton-observed, carbon-edited (selPOCE) MRS method for measurement of glutamate and glutamine
Topics: Adult; Brain Mapping; Carbon; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuroimaging; Neurotransmitter Agents; Patient Safety; Phantoms, Imaging; Protons; Radio Waves; Young Adult | 2018 |
Dietary glutamine, glutamate and mortality: two large prospective studies in US men and women.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Life Style; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; United States | 2018 |
Glutamate production from ammonia via glutamate dehydrogenase 2 activity supports cancer cell proliferation under glutamine depletion.
Topics: Ammonia; Cell Proliferation; Enzyme Activation; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Neoplasms, Experimental | 2018 |
GABA concentration in sensorimotor cortex following high-intensity exercise and relationship to lactate levels.
Topics: Adult; Exercise; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Lactates; Male; Sensorimotor Cortex | 2018 |
Medial Frontal Lobe Neurochemistry in Autism Spectrum Disorder is Marked by Reduced N-Acetylaspartate and Unchanged Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate + Glutamine Levels.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Biomarkers; Child; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prefrontal Cortex | 2018 |
Increased glutamate + glutamine levels in the thalamus of patients with essential tremor: A preliminary proton MR spectroscopic study.
Topics: Aged; Correlation of Data; Essential Tremor; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Retrospective Studies; Statistics, Nonparametric; Thalamus | 2018 |
Brain glutamate in medication-free depressed patients: a proton MRS study at 7 Tesla.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Putamen; Young Adult | 2018 |
Neurochemical changes in the medial wall of the brain in chronic migraine.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Mapping; Chronic Disease; Correlation of Data; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Male; Migraine Disorders; Severity of Illness Index; Statistics, Nonparametric; Taiwan; Young Adult | 2018 |
Reduced insulin sensitivity may be related to less striatal glutamate: An
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Corpus Striatum; Female; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Insulin; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Overweight; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2018 |
Glutaminolysis drives membrane trafficking to promote invasiveness of breast cancer cells.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System y+; Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Extracellular Space; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Humans; Mammary Glands, Human; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal; Matrix Metalloproteinase 14; Mice; Neoplasm Invasiveness; rab27 GTP-Binding Proteins; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Up-Regulation | 2017 |
High-fat diet-induced hyperglutamatergic activation of the hippocampus in mice: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 9.4T.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL | 2018 |
The Effect of Cisplatin on Blood Ammonia Elevation by Alanyl-Glutamine Supplementation.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Ammonia; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Cisplatin; Creatinine; Dipeptides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Rats | 2018 |
Modulatory effect of glutamate GluR2 receptor on the caudal neurosecretory Dahlgren cells of the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Flounder; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neurosecretory Systems; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Software; Transcriptome | 2018 |
Amalaki Rasayana improved memory and neuronal metabolic activity in AbPP-PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Cognition; Donepezil; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Indans; Male; Maze Learning; Medicine, Ayurvedic; Memory; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Piperidines; Plant Extracts; Presenilin-1 | 2017 |
The effects of neurochemical balance in the anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on volitional control under irrelevant distraction.
Topics: Adult; Executive Function; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inhibition, Psychological; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychomotor Performance; Volition; Young Adult | 2018 |
Glutamine/glutamate (Glx) concentration in prefrontal cortex predicts reversal learning performance in the marmoset.
Topics: Animals; Callithrix; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Prefrontal Cortex; Reversal Learning; Sex Characteristics | 2018 |
Rehabilitation program based on sensorimotor recovery improves the static and dynamic balance and modifies the basal ganglia neurochemistry: A pilot 1H-MRS study on Parkinson's disease patients.
Topics: Aged; Basal Ganglia; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Parkinson Disease; Pilot Projects; Postural Balance | 2017 |
Hepatic glutamate transport and glutamine synthesis capacities are decreased in finished vs. growing beef steers, concomitant with increased GTRAP3-18 content.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cattle; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Liver; Male; Red Meat | 2018 |
Relationship between absolute and relative ratios of glutamate, glutamine and GABA and severity of autism spectrum disorder.
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Biomarkers; Child; Cognition; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Severity of Illness Index; Social Behavior | 2018 |
Rapid analysis of glutamate, glutamine and GABA in mice frontal cortex microdialysis samples using HPLC coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Acetonitriles; Ammonium Compounds; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microdialysis; Neurotransmitter Agents; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Sulfonic Acids; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2018 |
Striatal neurometabolite levels in patients with schizophrenia undergoing long-term antipsychotic treatment: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and reliability study.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Male; Middle Aged; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Reproducibility of Results; Schizophrenia | 2018 |
Canagliflozin mediated dual inhibition of mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase and complex I: an off-target adverse effect.
Topics: Alanine; Benzhydryl Compounds; Canagliflozin; Cell Death; Cell Line; Citric Acid Cycle; Electron Transport Complex I; Epithelial Cells; Glucosides; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Metabolomics; Mitochondria | 2018 |
Distinction of the GABA 2.29 ppm resonance using triple refocusing at 3 T in vivo.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Phantoms, Imaging; Young Adult | 2018 |
The impact of acute and short-term methamphetamine abstinence on brain metabolites: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy chemical shift imaging study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Dipeptides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Methamphetamine; Neurons; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2018 |
Neurotransmitter activity is linked to outcome following subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Aged; Basal Ganglia; Deep Brain Stimulation; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Parkinson Disease; Pons; Subthalamic Nucleus | 2018 |
Association between glutamate/glutamine and blood oxygen level dependent signal in the left dorsolateral prefrontal region during verbal working memory.
Topics: Adult; Female; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Oxygen; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Verbal Learning; Young Adult | 2018 |
The increase in medial prefrontal glutamate/glutamine concentration during memory encoding is associated with better memory performance and stronger functional connectivity in the human medial prefrontal-thalamus-hippocampus network.
Topics: Adult; Association Learning; Brain Mapping; Correlation of Data; Face; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Memory; Names; Photic Stimulation; Prefrontal Cortex; Thalamus; Young Adult | 2018 |
Alcohol and substance use are associated with altered metabolome in the first trimester serum samples of pregnant mothers.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Birth Weight; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolome; Mothers; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Serotonin; Smoking; Substance-Related Disorders | 2018 |
Sucrose breakdown within guard cells provides substrates for glycolysis and glutamine biosynthesis during light-induced stomatal opening.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Carbon Isotopes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Kinetics; Light; Plant Leaves; Plant Stomata; Sucrose | 2018 |
Glutamatergic hypofunction in medication-free major depression: Secondary effects of affective diagnosis and relationship to peripheral glutaminase.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2018 |
Myo-inositol, Glutamate, and Glutamine in the Prefrontal Cortex, Hippocampus, and Amygdala in Major Depression.
Topics: Adult; Amygdala; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Temporal Lobe | 2017 |
Simultaneous measurement of glutamate, glutamine, GABA, and glutathione by spectral editing without subtraction.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Young Adult | 2018 |
Non-alcoholic Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome heralding non-Hodgkin lymphoma progression.
Topics: Aged; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Korsakoff Syndrome; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male | 2018 |
First insights of peptidoglycan amidation in Gram-positive bacteria - the high-resolution crystal structure of Staphylococcus aureus glutamine amidotransferase GatD.
Topics: Anthranilate Synthase; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases; Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases with Glutamine as Amide-N-Donor; Catalytic Domain; Cell Wall; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Multienzyme Complexes; Nitrogenous Group Transferases; Peptidoglycan; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus | 2018 |
Role of metabolic spatiotemporal dynamics in regulating biofilm colony expansion.
Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Bioreactors; Diffusion; Enzyme Activation; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Time Factors | 2018 |
Proline oxidase controls proline, glutamate, and glutamine cellular concentrations in a U87 glioblastoma cell line.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Down-Regulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Genetic Vectors; Glioblastoma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Mitochondria; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Proline; Proline Oxidase | 2018 |
Effects of nitrogen combined with zinc application on glutamate, glutamine, aspartate and asparagine accumulation in two winter wheat cultivars.
Topics: Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nitrogen; Triticum; Zinc | 2018 |
Novel antibiofilm chemotherapies target nitrogen from glutamate and glutamine.
Topics: Aminooxyacetic Acid; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Carbon; Diazooxonorleucine; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mutant Proteins; Nitrogen; Repressor Proteins | 2018 |
J-difference-edited MRS measures of γ-aminobutyric acid before and after acute caffeine administration.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Aspartic Acid; Brain Mapping; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Normal Distribution; Young Adult | 2018 |
Integrative Characterization of the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease Reveals Dysfunctional Astrocyte Metabolism.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetates; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Huntington Disease; Male; Mice, Transgenic; Neurotransmitter Agents; Proteome | 2018 |
Comprehensive analysis of a metabolic model for lipid production in Rhodosporidium toruloides.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Basidiomycota; Carbon; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lipids; Metabolic Flux Analysis; Models, Biological | 2018 |
N-Acetyl and Glutamatergic Neurometabolites in Perisylvian Brain Regions of Methamphetamine Users.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Anxiety; Aspartic Acid; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cerebral Cortex; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Methamphetamine; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2019 |
Glutamine supplementation enhances development of in vitro-produced porcine embryos and increases leucine consumption from the medium.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Blastocyst; Culture Media; Embryo Culture Techniques; Embryo Transfer; Embryonic Development; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Gene Expression; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Leucine; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Metabolomics; Pregnancy; Swine | 2018 |
Diurnal changes in glutamate + glutamine levels of healthy young adults assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Waves; Cerebral Cortex; Circadian Rhythm; Electroencephalography; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Sleep; Young Adult | 2018 |
Changes in Brain Metabolite Concentrations after Neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gray Matter; Humans; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Patient Outcome Assessment; Predictive Value of Tests; Retrospective Studies | 2018 |
The neurotoxin diethyl dithiophosphate impairs glutamate transport in cultured Bergmann glia cells.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Chickens; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Neurotransmitter Agents; Receptors, Glutamate; Synapses | 2019 |
Glutathione and glutamate in schizophrenia: a 7T MRS study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia | 2020 |
Increased thalamic glutamate/glutamine levels in migraineurs.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders; Thalamus; Young Adult | 2018 |
A novel HLA-DRB1*04 allele, HLA-DRB1*04:153, identified in a Chinese donor by sequence-based typing.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Asian People; Base Sequence; Blood Donors; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histocompatibility Testing; HLA-DRB1 Chains; Humans; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology | 2018 |
Structure of the essential peptidoglycan amidotransferase MurT/GatD complex from Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Catalytic Domain; Cell Wall; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Lipids; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Oxidoreductases; Peptidoglycan; Protein Domains; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Sulfhydryl Compounds | 2018 |
Metabolic profiles of cysteine, methionine, glutamate, glutamine, arginine, aspartate, asparagine, alanine and glutathione in Streptococcus thermophilus during pH-controlled batch fermentations.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Arginine; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Culture Media; Cysteine; Fermentation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolome; Methionine; Nitrogen; Streptococcus thermophilus | 2018 |
The glutamine-glutamate cycle regulates synaptic glutamate release in the ventrolateral ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus of perinatal female rats.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; beta-Alanine; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypothalamus, Middle; Male; Miniature Postsynaptic Potentials; Neurons; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Sex Characteristics; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | 2018 |
Possible roles of glutamine synthetase in responding to environmental changes in a scleractinian coral.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Ammonia; Animals; Anthozoa; Gene-Environment Interaction; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nitrogen; Recombinant Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Stress, Physiological; Temperature | 2018 |
GLS hyperactivity causes glutamate excess, infantile cataract and profound developmental delay.
Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Brain; Cataract; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fibroblasts; Gain of Function Mutation; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Male; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Zebrafish | 2019 |
Metabolic Alterations Within the Primary Visual Cortex in Early Open-angle Glaucoma Patients: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Intraocular Pressure; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neuronal Plasticity; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Visual Cortex | 2018 |
Glutamine has antidepressive effects through increments of glutamate and glutamine levels and glutamatergic activity in the medial prefrontal cortex.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Depressive Disorder; Dietary Supplements; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Membrane Potentials; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Neurons; Optogenetics; Prefrontal Cortex; Restraint, Physical; Stress, Psychological; Synaptic Transmission; Tissue Culture Techniques | 2018 |
Inhibition-excitation balance in the parietal cortex modulates volitional control for auditory and visual multistability.
Topics: Adult; Auditory Perception; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neural Inhibition; Parietal Lobe; Visual Perception | 2018 |
Methionine coordinates a hierarchically organized anabolic program enabling proliferation.
Topics: Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; Cell Proliferation; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Metabolism; Methionine; Nucleotides; Pentose Phosphate Pathway; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins | 2018 |
Glutamatergic Neurometabolite Levels in Patients With Ultra-Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Cross-Sectional 3T Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Caudate Nucleus; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia | 2019 |
GABA, glutamine, glutamate oxidation and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase expression in human gliomas.
Topics: Cell Proliferation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase | 2018 |
Ceftriaxone Improves Cognitive Function and Upregulates GLT-1-Related Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle in APP/PS1 Mice.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftriaxone; Cognition; Disease Models, Animal; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Maze Learning; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Presenilin-1; Up-Regulation | 2018 |
Effects of carrier frequency mismatch on frequency-selective spectral editing.
Topics: Algorithms; Computer Simulation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Gyrus Cinguli; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Monte Carlo Method; Signal-To-Noise Ratio | 2019 |
Neuro-metabolite profiles of rodent models of psychiatric dysfunctions characterised by MR spectroscopy.
Topics: Anhedonia; Animals; Choline; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Memantine; Motor Activity; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Schizophrenia; Stress, Psychological; Sucrose; Taurine | 2019 |
Environmental pH and a Glu364 to Gln mutation in the chlorophyll-binding CP47 protein affect redox-active TyrD and charge recombination in Photosystem II.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Chlorophyll; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; Models, Molecular; Oxidation-Reduction; Photosystem II Protein Complex; Protein Binding; Synechocystis; Tyrosine | 2019 |
LY341495, an mGluR2/3 Antagonist, Regulates the Immunosuppressive Function of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Inhibits Melanoma Tumor Growth.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Melanoma, Experimental; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Xanthenes | 2018 |
Brain Glutamate, GABA, and Glutamine Levels and Associations with Recent Drinking in Treatment-Naïve Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder Versus Light Drinkers.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2019 |
Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder: Glutamate dynamics in the anterior cingulate cortex during a working memory task.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Bipolar Disorder; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Middle Aged; Schizophrenia; Young Adult | 2019 |
Structural insights into the substrate binding mechanism of novel ArgA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Topics: Acetyl Coenzyme A; Acetyltransferases; Arginine; Bacterial Proteins; Catalytic Domain; Cloning, Molecular; Crystallography, X-Ray; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression; Genetic Vectors; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Molecular Docking Simulation; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical; Protein Conformation, beta-Strand; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; Protein Subunits; Recombinant Proteins; Substrate Specificity | 2019 |
Nucleus accumbens neurochemistry in human anxiety: A 7 T
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Aspartic Acid; Correlation of Data; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Neurochemistry; Nucleus Accumbens; Personality; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychometrics; Saliva; Taurine; Tritium; Young Adult | 2019 |
The age-related changes and differences in energy metabolism and glutamate-glutamine recycling in the d-gal-induced and naturally occurring senescent astrocytes in vitro.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Cellular Senescence; Energy Metabolism; Galactose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Mitochondria; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA-B | 2019 |
Assessing Brain Metabolism With 7-T Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Patients With First-Episode Psychosis.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dipeptides; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychotic Disorders; Young Adult | 2019 |
Validation of in vivo MRS measures of metabolite concentrations in the human brain.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Dipeptides; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Metabolome; Young Adult | 2019 |
Insufficient glutamine synthetase activity during synaptogenesis causes spatial memory impairment in adult mice.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Behavior Observation Techniques; Behavior, Animal; CA3 Region, Hippocampal; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Mice; Models, Animal; Neurogenesis; Neurons; Spatial Memory; Synaptic Transmission | 2019 |
Identification of the Potential Metabolic Pathways Involved in the Hepatic Tumorigenesis of Rat Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma via
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diethylnitrosamine; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Lipids; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2019 |
Fetal inflammation is associated with persistent systemic and hippocampal inflammation and dysregulation of hippocampal glutamatergic homeostasis.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gray Matter; Hippocampus; Homeostasis; Infant, Premature; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Microglia; Phosphorylation; Premature Birth; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2019 |
Functional and neurochemical disruptions of brain hub topology in chronic pain.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Brain Mapping; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Pain; Cohort Studies; Female; Fibromyalgia; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Oxygen; Pain Measurement; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Visual Analog Scale | 2019 |
Gamma-band auditory steady-state response is associated with plasma levels of d-serine in schizophrenia: An exploratory study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Female; GABAergic Neurons; Gamma Rhythm; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Male; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Schizophrenia; Serine; Young Adult | 2019 |
Molecular characterization of recombinant arginase of Leishmania donovani.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Arginase; Binding Sites; Biocatalysis; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Leishmania donovani; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Polyamines; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protozoan Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Thermodynamics | 2019 |
HIV infection and latency induce a unique metabolic signature in human macrophages.
Topics: Blotting, Western; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; HIV Infections; Humans; Lipid Droplets; Macrophages; Mitochondria | 2019 |
Glutamate interactions with obesity, insulin resistance, cognition and gut microbiota composition.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Bacteria; Cognition; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Obesity; Pilot Projects; Trail Making Test | 2019 |
Ionisation bias undermines the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation for estimating peptide deamidation: Synthetic peptide studies demonstrate electrospray ionisation gives more reliable response ratios.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Cyclotrons; Fourier Analysis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Peptides; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization | 2019 |
Dyslexia and age related effects in the neurometabolites concentration in the visual and temporo-parietal cortex.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Dyslexia; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Occipital Lobe | 2019 |
Neurochemical effects of oxytocin in people at clinical high risk for psychosis.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adolescent; Adult; Brain Chemistry; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Oxytocin; Psychotic Disorders; Risk Factors; Thalamus; Young Adult | 2019 |
Differential levels of prefrontal cortex glutamate+glutamine in adults with antisocial personality disorder and bipolar disorder: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neuroimaging; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2019 |
Brain neurochemistry in unmedicated obsessive-compulsive disorder patients and effects of 12-week escitalopram treatment:
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Caudate Nucleus; Choline; Citalopram; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Male; Middle Aged; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Severity of Illness Index; Thalamus; Young Adult | 2019 |
Chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depression-like behaviours and glutamate-glutamine cycling dysfunctions in both blood and brain of mice.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice, Inbred Strains; Stress, Psychological | 2019 |
Diurnal changes in human brain glutamate + glutamine levels in the course of development and their relationship to sleep.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Child; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gray Matter; Humans; Male; Sleep; Young Adult | 2019 |
Lamotrigine Therapy and Biomarkers of Cerebral Energy Metabolism in Older Age Bipolar Depression.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Bipolar Disorder; Cerebral Cortex; Creatine; Depression; Energy Metabolism; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lamotrigine; Male; Middle Aged; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome | 2019 |
Brain metabolic alterations in patients with long-term calcineurin inhibitor therapy after liver transplantation.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Aged; Brain; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Liver Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotoxicity Syndromes | 2019 |
Immunological and Neurometabolite Changes Associated With Switch From Efavirenz to an Integrase Inhibitor.
Topics: Adult; Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Benzoxazines; Biomarkers; Boston; Central Nervous System; Cyclopropanes; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; HIV Infections; HIV Integrase Inhibitors; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Middle Aged; Neurons; Neuropsychology; Oxidative Stress; Pilot Projects; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I | 2019 |
Reduced excitatory neurotransmitter levels in anterior insulae are associated with abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adolescent; Adult; Cerebral Cortex; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acids; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Young Adult | 2019 |
Designing and construction of novel variants of Chondroitinase ABC I to reduce aggregation rate.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Chondroitin ABC Lyase; Enzyme Stability; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Aggregates; Protein Conformation; Protein Domains; Protein Multimerization; Proteus vulgaris; Thermodynamics | 2019 |
Cyclization of N-Terminal Glutamic Acid to pyro-Glutamic Acid Impacts Monoclonal Antibody Charge Heterogeneity Despite Its Appearance as a Neutral Transformation.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cyclization; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid | 2019 |
Investigation of anterior cingulate cortex gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate-glutamine levels in obsessive-compulsive disorder using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Young Adult | 2019 |
Limbic neurochemical changes in patients with functional motor symptoms.
Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Anxiety; Case-Control Studies; Creatine; Depression; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Limbic System; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index | 2019 |
Rostral Anterior Cingulate Glutamine/Glutamate Disbalance in Major Depressive Disorder Depends on Symptom Severity.
Topics: Adult; Anhedonia; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Severity of Illness Index | 2019 |
Association between prefrontal glutamine levels and neuroticism determined using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Neuroticism; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2019 |
Upregulation of the Glutaminase II Pathway Contributes to Glutamate Production upon Glutaminase 1 Inhibition in Pancreatic Cancer.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Lyases; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Transaminases | 2019 |
Ruminal microbes of adult steers do not degrade extracellular L-citrulline and have a limited ability to metabolize extracellular L-glutamate1,2.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Arginine; Bacteria; Cattle; Citrulline; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Ornithine; Proline; Rumen | 2019 |
Longer Repetition Time Proton MR Spectroscopy Shows Increasing Hippocampal and Parahippocampal Metabolite Concentrations with Aging.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Inositol; Male; Middle Aged; Parahippocampal Gyrus; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Protons; Young Adult | 2019 |
Relating excitatory and inhibitory neurochemicals to visual perception: A magnetic resonance study of occipital cortex between migraine events.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders; Migraine with Aura; Migraine without Aura; Neurotransmitter Agents; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Young Adult | 2019 |
Diabetes and the link between neuroplasticity and glutamate in the aging human motor cortex.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Glucose Intolerance; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Humans; Inositol; Insulin Resistance; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Neuronal Plasticity; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylcholine; Prediabetic State; Theta Rhythm; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation | 2019 |
Dynamic changes in cerebral and peripheral markers of glutamatergic signaling across the human sleep-wake cycle.
Topics: Adult; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Signal Transduction; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Wakefulness; Young Adult | 2019 |
Teaching Video NeuroImages: Hepatic myelopathy: An unusual neurologic complication of hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Choline; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Globus Pallidus; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Spasticity; Parietal Lobe; Spinal Cord Diseases; White Matter | 2019 |
Cerebral Metabolites on the Descending Limb of Acute Alcohol: A Preliminary 1H MRS Study.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Breath Tests; Ethanol; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2019 |
Analysis of a Mathematical Model for the Glutamate/Glutamine Cycle in the Brain.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Computer Simulation; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kinetics; Linear Models; Mathematical Concepts; Models, Neurological; Neurons | 2019 |
Association between Brain and Plasma Glutamine Levels in Healthy Young Subjects Investigated by MRS and LC/MS.
Topics: Adult; Brain Chemistry; Cerebellum; Chromatography, Liquid; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Reproducibility of Results; Young Adult | 2019 |
Dose-dependent metabolite changes after ethanol intoxication in rat prefrontal cortex using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Alcoholic Intoxication; Animals; Choline; Creatine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2019 |
Founder effect of the Glu89Gln
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial; Bulgaria; Female; Founder Effect; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Haplotypes; Humans; Male; Microsatellite Repeats; Middle Aged; Mutation; Prealbumin | 2019 |
High plasma glutamate and low glutamine-to-glutamate ratio are associated with type 2 diabetes: Case-cohort study within the PREDIMED trial.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Healthy; Diet, Mediterranean; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Primary Prevention; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Spain; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2019 |
Evidence of adaptation of maternofetal transport of glutamine relative to placental size in normal mice, and in those with fetal growth restriction.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Biological Transport; Carbon Radioisotopes; Carrier Proteins; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gene Expression Regulation; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Placenta; Pregnancy | 2019 |
Alteration in NMDAR-related amino acids in first episode psychosis.
Topics: Asparagine; Chromatography, Liquid; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Proline; Psychotic Disorders; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Schizophrenia; Serine; Young Adult | 2019 |
Hypothalamic Structural and Functional Imbalances in Anorexia Nervosa.
Topics: Adult; Anorexia Nervosa; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypothalamic Area, Lateral; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2020 |
Differential Dynamics Underlying the Gln27Glu Population Variant of the β
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Protein Domains; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 | 2019 |
Elucidating the putative link between prefrontal neurotransmission, functional connectivity, and affective symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Case-Control Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Prefrontal Cortex; Young Adult | 2019 |
Glutamine + glutamate level predicts the magnitude of microstructural organization in the gray matter in the healthy elderly.
Topics: Aged; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gray Matter; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; White Matter | 2021 |
The relationship between measurement of in vivo brain glutamate and markers of iron metabolism: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study in healthy adults.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Brain; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Iron; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2020 |
Glutamate alleviates cadmium toxicity in rice via suppressing cadmium uptake and translocation.
Topics: Amino Acids; Antioxidants; Biomass; Cadmium; Cadmium Poisoning; Carrier Proteins; Chlorophyll; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydroponics; Oryza; Oxidative Stress; Plant Diseases; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Seedlings; Seeds; Soil Pollutants | 2020 |
Neurochemical abnormalities in patients with type 1 Gaucher disease on standard of care therapy.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Electrophysiology; Female; Gaucher Disease; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Standard of Care | 2020 |
Altered hypothalamic metabolism in early multiple sclerosis - MR spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypothalamus; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Multiple Sclerosis; Young Adult | 2019 |
Intra-Regional Glu-GABA vs Inter-Regional Glu-Glu Imbalance: A 1H-MRS Study of the Neurochemistry of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Hallucinations; Humans; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia; Temporal Lobe | 2020 |
Glutamatergic function in a genetic high-risk group for psychosis: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Corpus Striatum; Cross-Sectional Studies; DiGeorge Syndrome; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Psychotic Disorders; Risk Factors; Thalamus; Young Adult | 2019 |
The impact of endurance training and table soccer on brain metabolites in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cognition; Creatine; Endurance Training; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Inpatients; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurons; Prefrontal Cortex; Schizophrenia; Thalamus | 2020 |
Contribution of glutaminases to glutamine metabolism and acid resistance in Lactobacillus reuteri and other vertebrate host adapted lactobacilli.
Topics: Acids; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Fermentation; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactobacillus; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Phylogeny; Rodentia | 2020 |
Metabolic fingerprinting reveals extensive consequences of GLS hyperactivity.
Topics: Asparagine; Cell Line, Tumor; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Glutathione; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Proline | 2020 |
Short echo-time Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in ALS, simultaneous quantification of glutamate and GABA at 3 T.
Topics: Aged; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Aspartic Acid; Atrophy; Choline; Creatine; Disease Progression; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Gray Matter; Hand Strength; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Occipital Lobe; Pilot Projects; Severity of Illness Index; Single-Blind Method | 2019 |
Glutamine/glutamate metabolism rewiring in reprogrammed human hepatocyte-like cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Cellular Reprogramming; Fibroblasts; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatocytes; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Mice | 2019 |
Studies on the potential link between antidepressant effect of Xiaoyao San and its pharmacological activity of hepatoprotection based on multi-platform metabolomics.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Liver; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Metabolomics; Protective Agents; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats | 2020 |
Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis associated with Glu89Gln Mutation.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial; Diarrhea; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Nausea; Prealbumin; Prospective Studies; Weight Loss | 2019 |
Metabolic studies reveal that ruminal microbes of adult steers do not degrade rumen-protected or unprotected L-citrulline.
Topics: Ammonia; Animal Feed; Animals; Arginine; Cattle; Citrulline; Diet; Digestion; Edible Grain; Fermentation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Rumen | 2020 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy across chronic pain disorders: a systematic review protocol synthesising anatomical and metabolite findings in chronic pain patients.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Chronic Pain; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Systematic Reviews as Topic | 2019 |
Human-Specific ARHGAP11B Acts in Mitochondria to Expand Neocortical Progenitors by Glutaminolysis.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Animals; Biological Evolution; Cell Proliferation; Citric Acid Cycle; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; GTPase-Activating Proteins; Humans; Mice; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases; Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; Neocortex; Neural Stem Cells; Neurogenesis | 2020 |
Impulsive decision-making and gambling severity: The influence of γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) and glutamate-glutamine (Glx).
Topics: Adult; Decision Making; Delay Discounting; Gambling; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe | 2020 |
A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of Superior Visual Search Abilities in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Attention; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Brain; Child; Creatine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Visual Perception | 2020 |
Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on GABA and Glx in Children: A pilot study.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Learning; Male; Motor Cortex; Sensorimotor Cortex; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation | 2020 |
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cell Line, Tumor; Diagnostic Imaging; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glioblastoma; Glioma; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Rats; Staining and Labeling | 2020 |
In vivo Glx and Glu measurements from GABA-edited MRS at 3 T.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Confidence Intervals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Sensorimotor Cortex; Young Adult | 2021 |
Identification of the main glutamine and glutamate transporters in Staphylococcus aureus and their impact on c-di-AMP production.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Ammonium Compounds; Carrier Proteins; Cyclic AMP; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Membrane Transport Proteins; Staphylococcus aureus | 2020 |
Dynamic
Topics: Brain; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Protons; Radio Waves | 2020 |
Cerebral Glutamate and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Levels in Individuals at Ultra-high Risk for Psychosis and the Association With Clinical Symptoms and Cognition.
Topics: Cognition; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Psychotic Disorders | 2020 |
Imaging the glutamate synapse.
Topics: Allosteric Site; Animals; Cell Proliferation; Dendrites; Epilepsy; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ligands; Neurons; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Receptors, AMPA; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Temporal Lobe | 2020 |
Glutamatergic and GABA-ergic abnormalities in First-episode depression. A 1-year follow-up 1H-MR spectroscopic study.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Follow-Up Studies; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2020 |
N-Acetylaspartate Is an Important Brain Osmolyte.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inositol; Muramidase; Neurons; Osmosis; Protein Unfolding; Temperature; Thermodynamics | 2020 |
Birth weight related blood concentrations of the neurotransmission amino acids glutamine plus glutamate, phenylalanine and tyrosine in full-term breastfed infants perinatally.
Topics: Amino Acids; Birth Weight; Breast Feeding; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Phenylalanine; Reference Values; Sex Characteristics; Tyrosine | 2020 |
Atlas-based GABA mapping with 3D MEGA-MRSI: Cross-correlation to single-voxel MRS.
Topics: Adult; Creatinine; Dipeptides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2021 |
Metabolic Reprogramming of Host Cells in Response to Enteroviral Infection.
Topics: Animals; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; Dihydroorotase; Enterovirus A, Human; Enterovirus Infections; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Ketoglutaric Acids; RNA Interference; Transfection; Vero Cells; Virus Replication | 2020 |
Reduced anterior cingulate glutamate of comorbid skin-picking disorder in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 2020 |
Natural variants of α-gliadin peptides within wheat proteins with reduced toxicity in coeliac disease.
Topics: Amino Acids; Celiac Disease; Duodenum; Gliadin; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutens; Humans; Immunogenetic Phenomena; Peptides; Proline; T-Lymphocytes; Triticum | 2020 |
Altered neurometabolism in major depressive disorder: A whole brain
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Depressive Disorder, Major; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2020 |
An exploratory proton MRS examination of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and glutamine and their relationship to affective aspects of chronic pain.
Topics: Chronic Pain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Protons | 2021 |
Analysis of low-molecular-weight metabolites in stomach cancer cells by a simplified and inexpensive GC/MS metabolomics method.
Topics: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Metabolomics; Molecular Weight; Stomach Neoplasms; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2020 |
Are there differences in the biochemical profile of bilateral normal testes? A 3.0 T 1H-MR spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Retrospective Studies; Testis; Young Adult | 2020 |
MRS Shows Regionally Increased Glutamate Levels among Patients with Exhaustion Syndrome Due to Occupational Stress.
Topics: Adjustment Disorders; Adult; Amygdala; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Cortical Thickness; Burnout, Professional; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Insular Cortex; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Stress; Parietal Lobe; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Sex Factors | 2020 |
Concentrations of Cortical GABA and Glutamate in Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Bayes Theorem; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Young Adult | 2020 |
Proinflammatory cytokines trigger biochemical and neurochemical changes in mouse retinal explants exposed to hyperglycemic conditions.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cytokines; Diabetic Retinopathy; Energy Metabolism; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hyperglycemia; Immunohistochemistry; Interleukin-1beta; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Retina; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2020 |
Neural Signatures of Memory Encoding in Schizophrenia Are Modulated by Antipsychotic Treatment.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Cognitive Dysfunction; Default Mode Network; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Memory; Memory, Episodic; Mental Recall; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Recognition, Psychology; Risperidone; Schizophrenia; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2021 |
Deletion of P2X7 Receptor Decreases Basal Glutathione Level by Changing Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle and Neutral Amino Acid Transporters.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Amino Acid Transport System ASC; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Animals; Gene Deletion; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hippocampus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; Molsidomine; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 | 2020 |
Quantitative analysis of amino acid metabolism in liver cancer links glutamate excretion to nucleotide synthesis.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cells, Cultured; Citric Acid Cycle; Cytosol; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Mitochondria | 2020 |
Chemogenetic Activation of Glutamatergic Neurons in the Juvenile Rat Cortex Reduces Anxiety.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Clozapine; Emotions; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Neurons; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2020 |
Glutamatergic hypo-function in the left superior and middle temporal gyri in early schizophrenia: a data-driven three-dimensional proton spectroscopic imaging study.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Protons; Schizophrenia | 2020 |
Brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in a Beagle dog with genetically confirmed Lafora disease.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Ethanolamines; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lafora Disease; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2020 |
Excitation-inhibition balance and auditory multistable perception are correlated with autistic traits and schizotypy in a non-clinical population.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Auditory Cortex; Auditory Perception; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inhibition, Psychological; Male; Schizophrenia; Schizotypal Personality Disorder; Verbal Learning; Young Adult | 2020 |
Shorter sleep duration is associated with lower GABA levels in the anterior cingulate cortex.
Topics: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Prefrontal Cortex; Sleep | 2020 |
Dendrimer-conjugated glutaminase inhibitor selectively targets microglial glutaminase in a mouse model of Rett syndrome.
Topics: Animals; Dendrimers; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microglia; Neuroglia; Neuroimmunomodulation; Oxidative Stress; Rett Syndrome | 2020 |
Signal enhancement of glutamine and glutathione by single-step spectral editing.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Brain Chemistry; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Monte Carlo Method; Sensitivity and Specificity; Signal-To-Noise Ratio | 2020 |
Brain alterations in GABA, glutamate and glutamine markers after chronic atrazine exposure in the male albino rat.
Topics: Animals; Atrazine; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Herbicides; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2020 |
Extensive astrocyte metabolism of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) sustains glutamine synthesis in the mammalian cerebral cortex.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2020 |
Age and Sex Influences Gamma-aminobutyric Acid Concentrations in the Developing Brain of Very Premature Infants.
Topics: Age Factors; Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gestational Age; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Sex Factors | 2020 |
Determination of Brain Metabolite T
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prospective Studies; Young Adult | 2020 |
Regional balance between glutamate+glutamine and GABA+ in the resting human brain.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuroimaging; Young Adult | 2020 |
Oxidation of energy substrates in tissues of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Bass; Glucose; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Leucine; Liver; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidation-Reduction; Palmitates; Transaminases; Tromethamine | 2020 |
Glutamine-to-glutamate ratio in the nucleus accumbens predicts effort-based motivated performance in humans.
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nucleus Accumbens | 2020 |
Role of GlnR in Controlling Expression of Nitrogen Metabolism Genes in
Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Bacterial Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Listeria monocytogenes; Mutation; Nitrogen; Nucleotidyltransferases; Operon; PII Nitrogen Regulatory Proteins; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Regulon; RNA-Seq; Trans-Activators; Transcriptome; Virulence | 2020 |
A Pilot Study of Metabolomic Pathways Associated With Fatigue in Survivors of Colorectal Cancer.
Topics: Aged; Cancer Survivors; Colorectal Neoplasms; Fatigue; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Male; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Surveys and Questionnaires; Taiwan | 2021 |
Neurochemistry of hyponatremic encephalopathy evaluated by MR spectroscopy.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Child; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyponatremia; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurochemistry; Phosphocreatine; Sodium | 2020 |
Fluoride Exposure Affects Glutamine Uptake in Müller Glia Cells.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Biological Transport; Cells, Cultured; Ependymoglial Cells; Fluorides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neuroglia; Receptors, Glutamate; Synapses | 2020 |
High γ-Aminobutyric Acid Content Within the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Is a Functional Signature of Somatic Symptoms Disorder in Patients With Parkinson's Disease.
Topics: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Medically Unexplained Symptoms; Parkinson Disease; Prefrontal Cortex | 2020 |
Association of γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate/glutamine in the lateral prefrontal cortex with patterns of intrinsic functional connectivity in adults.
Topics: Adult; Brain Mapping; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Nerve Net; Prefrontal Cortex | 2020 |
Metabolomics approach revealed robust changes in amino acid and biogenic amine signatures in patients with schizophrenia in the early course of the disease.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Antipsychotic Agents; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Biogenic Amines; Chromatography, Liquid; Early Diagnosis; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Proline; Schizophrenia; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Taurine; Young Adult | 2020 |
Physiology and Morphological Correlates of Excitatory Transmission are Preserved in Glutamine Transporter SN1-Depleted Mouse Frontal Cortex.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Animals; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Synaptic Transmission | 2020 |
Hippocampal alterations in glutamatergic signaling during amyloid progression in AβPP/PS1 mice.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Cognition; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Male; Maze Learning; Memory; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microelectrodes; Signal Transduction | 2020 |
Increased Glutamate concentrations during prolonged motor activation as measured using functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 3T.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Brain Mapping; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hand; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Motor Activity | 2020 |
Associations Between Cognitive Function and Levels of Glutamatergic Metabolites and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Antipsychotic-Naïve Patients With Schizophrenia or Psychosis.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Cognition; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia | 2021 |
High Plasma Glutamate and a Low Glutamine-to-Glutamate Ratio Are Associated with Increased Risk of Heart Failure but Not Atrial Fibrillation in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) Study.
Topics: Aged; Atrial Fibrillation; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Diet, Mediterranean; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heart Failure; Humans; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors | 2020 |
Dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1 restores brain neurochemical balance and mitigates the progression of mood disorder in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Choline; Depressive Disorder; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stress, Psychological | 2020 |
Human placental uptake of glutamine and glutamate is reduced in fetal growth restriction.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Birth Weight; Carbon Radioisotopes; Female; Fetal Development; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gestational Age; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Proteins; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Young Adult | 2020 |
L-Aspartate as a high-quality nitrogen source in Escherichia coli: Regulation of L-aspartase by the nitrogen regulatory system and interaction of L-aspartase with GlnB.
Topics: Ammonia; Aspartate Ammonia-Lyase; Aspartic Acid; Bacterial Proteins; Dicarboxylic Acid Transporters; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mutation; Nitrogen; PII Nitrogen Regulatory Proteins; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs | 2021 |
Low corticosterone levels attenuate late life depression and enhance glutamatergic neurotransmission in female rats.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Corticosterone; Depression; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Neurons; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptosomes | 2021 |
Comprehensive quantification of fuel use by the failing and nonfailing human heart.
Topics: Acetates; Aged; Blood Glucose; Citric Acid Cycle; Fatty Acids; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heart Failure; Humans; Ketones; Leg; Male; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Proteolysis | 2020 |
Effects of tamoxifen and glutamate and glutamine levels in brain regions in repeated sleep deprivation-induced mania model in mice.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Locomotion; Male; Mania; Memory; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Risk-Taking; Sleep Deprivation; Tamoxifen | 2021 |
The neurobiology of wellness:
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Affect; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Cognitive Reserve; Creatine; Emotions; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Inositol; Male; Mental Health; Personality Inventory; Principal Component Analysis; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2021 |
Glutamate in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia | 2021 |
Protein scaffold optimizes arrangement of constituent enzymes in indigoidine synthetic pathway to improve the pigment production.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Piperidones; Streptomyces | 2020 |
Metabolite activity in the anterior cingulate cortex during a painful stimulus using functional MRS.
Topics: Adult; Female; Functional Neuroimaging; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Pain; Young Adult | 2020 |
Effects of dietary protein intake on the oxidation of glutamate, glutamine, glucose and palmitate in tissues of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).
Topics: Animals; Bass; Dietary Proteins; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Oxidation-Reduction; Palmitates | 2020 |
Early Life Stress Increases Brain Glutamate and Induces Neurobehavioral Manifestations in Rats.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Depression; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stress, Psychological | 2020 |
Glutamate metabolism in a human intestinal epithelial cell layer model.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Caco-2 Cells; Diet; Epithelial Cells; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Permeability | 2020 |
Critical role of glutamine metabolism in cardiomyocytes under oxidative stress.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Heart Failure; Ketoglutaric Acids; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Myocytes, Cardiac; Oxidative Stress; Rats | 2021 |
Dysregulated Glutamate Transporter SLC1A1 Propels Cystine Uptake via Xc
Topics: Animals; Antiporters; Cell Death; Cell Line, Tumor; Cystine; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Mice, Nude; Oxidative Stress; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Stress, Physiological; Up-Regulation | 2021 |
Deficient astrocyte metabolism impairs glutamine synthesis and neurotransmitter homeostasis in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon Isotopes; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Homeostasis; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Neurotransmitter Agents; Presenilin-1 | 2021 |
Plasma amino acids profile in first-episode psychosis, unaffected siblings and community-based controls.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Proline; Psychotic Disorders; Siblings; Tryptophan; Young Adult | 2020 |
Spontaneous protein-protein crosslinking at glutamine and glutamic acid residues in long-lived proteins.
Topics: Cataract; Eye Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lens, Crystalline; Lysine; Middle Aged; Piperidones; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Young Adult | 2021 |
Changes in Brain Glutamate on Switching to Clozapine in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Caudate Nucleus; Clozapine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia | 2021 |
Glutamate is an essential mediator in glutamine-amplified insulin secretion.
Topics: Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferase, Cytoplasmic; Cells, Cultured; Glucose; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Islets of Langerhans; Mice; Signal Transduction | 2021 |
Pretreatment with a glutamine synthetase inhibitor MSO delays the onset of initial seizures induced by pilocarpine in juvenile rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Pilocarpine; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seizures | 2021 |
Higher susceptibility to sunburn is associated with decreased plasma glutamine and increased plasma glutamate levels among US women: An analysis of the Nurses' Health Study I and II.
Topics: Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Nurses; Prospective Studies; Sunburn | 2022 |
Visual Attention Modulates Glutamate-Glutamine Levels in Vestibular Cortex: Evidence from Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Attention; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Photic Stimulation; Visual Perception; Young Adult | 2021 |
Glutamine Uptake via SNAT6 and Caveolin Regulates Glutamine-Glutamate Cycle.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Animals; Caveolins; Cell Line; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; Protein Transport; RNA, Small Interfering; Signal Transduction; Sodium; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2021 |
Decreased glutamine and glutamate: an early biomarker of neurodegeneration.
Topics: Biomarkers; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 2021 |
High performance liquid chromatography determination of L-glutamate, L-glutamine and glycine content in brain, cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum of patients affected by Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Male; Prefrontal Cortex | 2021 |
An investigation of glutamate quantification with PRESS and MEGA-PRESS.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Computer Simulation; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inositol; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Phantoms, Imaging; Phosphocreatine; Taurine | 2021 |
Altered in vivo brain GABA and glutamate levels are associated with multiple sclerosis central fatigue.
Topics: Brain; Fatigue; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Multiple Sclerosis | 2021 |
Downregulation of GABA Transporter 3 (GAT3) is Associated with Deficient Oxidative GABA Metabolism in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Astrocytes; Down-Regulation; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Mutation; Presenilin-1 | 2021 |
Simultaneous quantification of GABA, Glx and GSH in the neonatal human brain using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Thalamus | 2021 |
Effects of sevoflurane anesthesia and abdominal surgery on the systemic metabolome: a prospective observational study.
Topics: Abdomen; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Citric Acid; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Metabolome; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; Selenocysteine; Sevoflurane; Sphingosine; Sucrose | 2021 |
Testosterone regulation on quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 2 synthesis in the epididymis.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Epididymis; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors; Sperm Maturation; Testosterone | 2021 |
Differential substrate use in EGF- and oncogenic KRAS-stimulated human mammary epithelial cells.
Topics: Animals; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis; Cell Proliferation; Epidermal Growth Factor; Epithelial Cells; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glucose; Glucose Transporter Type 1; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Mammary Glands, Human; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2021 |
Neurometabolic alterations in the nucleus accumbens of smokers assessed with
Topics: Adult; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Patient Acuity; Smokers; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2021 |
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Male; Metabolome; Myocardium; Pentose Phosphate Pathway; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2021 |
Increased polyamine levels and maintenance of γ-aminobutyric acid (Gaba) homeostasis in the gills is indicative of osmotic plasticity in killifish.
Topics: Acclimatization; Animals; Fresh Water; Fundulidae; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gills; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Osmolar Concentration; Osmoregulation; Osmosis; Osmotic Pressure; Oxygen Consumption; Polyamines; Putrescine; Salinity; Spermine; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2021 |
Small-World Networks and Their Relationship With Hippocampal Glutamine/Glutamate Concentration in Healthy Adults With Varying Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease.
Topics: Adult; Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Prospective Studies | 2021 |
Bridging the Metabolic Parallels Between Neurological Diseases and Cancer.
Topics: Dipeptides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neoplasms; Organophosphorus Compounds | 2021 |
Metabolic Intersection of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: Opportunities for Cancer Therapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Neoplasms | 2021 |
No balance between glutamate+glutamine and GABA+ in visual or motor cortices of the human brain: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Motor Cortex; Visual Cortex; Young Adult | 2021 |
Editorial for "Small-World Networks and Their Relationship With Hippocampal Glutamine/Glutamate (Glx) Concentration in Healthy Adults With Varying Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease".
Topics: Adult; Alzheimer Disease; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2021 |
Contribution of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurometabolites to the motor performance.
Topics: Adult; Alleles; Brain; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cerebellum; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Learning; Male; Motor Activity; Motor Cortex; Motor Skills | 2021 |
Metabolic abnormality in acute stroke-like lesion and its relationship with focal cerebral blood flow in patients with MELAS: Evidence from proton MR spectroscopy and arterial spin labeling.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; MELAS Syndrome; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Spin Labels; Young Adult | 2021 |
Brain glutamate concentration in men with early psychosis: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy case-control study at 7 T.
Topics: Brain; Case-Control Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychotic Disorders | 2021 |
Interorgan Metabolism, Nutritional Impacts, and Safety of Dietary L-Glutamate and L-Glutamine in Poultry.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Diet; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Poultry | 2021 |
Gut bacterial gene changes following pegaspargase treatment in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Asparaginase; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Child; Genes, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Polyethylene Glycols; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma | 2021 |
Neuropeptide-S affects cognitive impairment and depression-like behavior on MPTP induced experimental mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Cognition; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuropeptides; Neuroprotective Agents; Parkinson Disease, Secondary | 2021 |
Region-specific elevations of glutamate + glutamine correlate with the sensory symptoms of autism spectrum disorders.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2021 |
Polymorphisms in the IL1-b gene are associated with increased Glu and Glx levels in treatment-resistant depression.
Topics: Depression; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Polymorphism, Genetic | 2021 |
Glutamate, Glutamine, GABA and Oxidative Products in the Pons Following Cortical Injury and Their Role in Motor Functional Recovery.
Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Motor Cortex; Motor Disorders; Oxidative Stress; Pons; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Recovery of Function | 2021 |
Comprehensive metabolomics profiling reveals common metabolic alterations underlying the four major non-communicable diseases in treated HIV infection.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alanine; Aspartic Acid; Atherosclerosis; Cognitive Dysfunction; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycerophospholipids; HIV Infections; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Metabolome; Middle Aged; Plasmalogens; Renal Insufficiency | 2021 |
"Glu/GABA-Gln" metabolic loop abnormalities in iminodipropionitrile (IDPN)-induced dyskinetic syndrome.
Topics: Animals; Dyskinesias; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2021 |
Role of Glutamine-Glutamate/GABA cycle and potential target GLUD2 in alleviation of rheumatoid arthritis by Tripterygium hypoglaucum (levl.) Hutch based on metabolomics and molecular pharmacology.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Metabolomics; Models, Molecular; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Protein Conformation; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Receptors, Glutamate; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; Tripterygium | 2021 |
Glutamine anaplerosis is required for amino acid biosynthesis in human meningiomas.
Topics: Amino Acids; Child; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma | 2022 |
Simple Esterification of [1-
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; HCT116 Cells; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Mice; Mice, Nude; Neoplasms, Experimental; Permeability | 2021 |
Perturbed Brain Glucose Metabolism Caused by Absent SIRT3 Activity.
Topics: Acetylation; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mitochondria; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Sirtuin 3 | 2021 |
Dietary Supplement Enriched in Antioxidants and Omega-3 Promotes Glutamine Synthesis in Müller Cells: A Key Process against Oxidative Stress in Retina.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Ependymoglial Cells; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Oxidative Stress; Retina | 2021 |
Altered plasma glutamate and glutamine levels in patients with drug-resistant and drug-responsive symptomatic focal epilepsy.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Epilepsies, Partial; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations | 2021 |
Inhibition of Glutamate Release, but Not of Glutamine Recycling to Glutamate, Is Involved in Delaying the Onset of Initial Lithium-Pilocarpine-Induced Seizures in Young Rats by a Non-Convulsive MSO Dose.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Disease Progression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lithium; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Pilocarpine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Secretory Pathway; Seizures | 2021 |
High-fat and combined high-fat-high-fructose diets impair episodic-like memory and decrease glutamate and glutamine in the hippocampus of adult mice.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Fructose; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL | 2022 |
The Catalytic Mechanism of Pdx2 Glutaminase Driven by a Cys-His-Glu Triad: A Computational Study.
Topics: Catalysis; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Malaria; Pyridoxal Phosphate | 2022 |
Sexual dimorphism in glucose metabolism is shaped by androgen-driven gut microbiome.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Androgens; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cell Line; Dihydrotestosterone; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hep G2 Cells; Homeostasis; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Orchiectomy; Sex Factors | 2021 |
Serum glutamate and glutamine-to-glutamate ratio are associated with coronary angiography defined coronary artery disease.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2022 |
Anorexia disrupts glutamate-glutamine homeostasis associated with astroglia in the prefrontal cortex of young female rats.
Topics: Animals; Anorexia; Astrocytes; Female; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Nestin; Neurons; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats | 2022 |
Abnormal neurobiochemical metabolites in the first
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia | 2021 |
Longitudinal changes in neurometabolite concentrations in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex after concentrated exposure therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Topics: Child; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Implosive Therapy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 2022 |
Elevated striatal glutamate + glutamine in recreational cannabis users during abstinence.
Topics: Cannabis; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hallucinogens; Humans; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2022 |
Acute effects of ketamine on the pregenual anterior cingulate: linking spontaneous activation, functional connectivity, and glutamate metabolism.
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Ketamine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2022 |
Glutamic Acid and Total Creatine as Predictive Markers for Epilepsy in Glioblastoma by Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Before Surgery.
Topics: Creatine; Epilepsy; Glioblastoma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Quality of Life; Reproducibility of Results | 2022 |
Human brain functional MRS reveals interplay of metabolites implicated in neurotransmission and neuroenergetics.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Reproducibility of Results; Synaptic Transmission | 2022 |
Elevated glutamate and decreased glutamine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with MELAS syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Case-Control Studies; DNA, Mitochondrial; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; MELAS Syndrome; Middle Aged; Stroke | 2022 |
Addition of L-Glutamine + Glutamic Acid and L-Arginine to the diet of weaned piglets.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Swine | 2022 |
Examination of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate-glutamine levels in association with impulsive behavior in adolescent marijuana users.
Topics: Adolescent; Cannabis; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Substance-Related Disorders | 2022 |
Physiological synaptic activity and recognition memory require astroglial glutamine.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cognition; Fluorescent Dyes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Intravital Microscopy; Male; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Models, Animal; Molecular Probes; Neurons; Recognition, Psychology; Rhodamines; Stereotaxic Techniques; Synaptic Transmission | 2022 |
Decreased Brain GABA Levels in Patients with Migraine Without Aura: An Exploratory Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.
Topics: Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Migraine without Aura; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2022 |
Altered glutamate level and its association with working memory among patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS): a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Memory, Short-Term; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Treatment-Resistant | 2023 |
Oxidation of amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids as metabolic fuels in enterocytes of post-hatching developing chickens.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Butyrates; Chickens; Enterocytes; Fatty Acids; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Palmitates; Propionates | 2022 |
Oxidation of amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids as metabolic fuels in enterocytes of developing pigs.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Butyrates; Enterocytes; Fatty Acids; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Palmitates; Propionates; Swine | 2022 |
Differential Metabotypes in Synovial Fibroblasts and Synovial Fluid in Hip Osteoarthritis Patients Support Inflammatory Responses.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Fibroblasts; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Obesity; Osteoarthritis, Hip; Synovial Fluid; Synovial Membrane; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2022 |
Potential role of green tea amino acid l-theanine in the activation of innate immune response by enhancing expression of cytochrome b
Topics: Amino Acids; Cytochromes b; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Leukocytes; NADPH Oxidases; Neutrophils; Phosphoproteins; Reactive Oxygen Species; Superoxides; Tea; Tretinoin | 2022 |
Disturbance of neurotransmitter metabolism in drug-naïve, first-episode major depressive disorder: a comparative study on adult and adolescent cohorts.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Serotonin; Tryptophan; Vanilmandelic Acid | 2022 |
The "ideal protein" concept is not ideal in animal nutrition.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Mammals; Proline; Swine; Taurine | 2022 |
Osmundacetone modulates mitochondrial metabolism in non-small cell lung cancer cells by hijacking the glutamine/glutamate/α-KG metabolic axis.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketones; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Mitochondria; NAD | 2022 |
Serum metabolomic signatures of gestational diabetes in South Asian and white European women.
Topics: Arginine; Asian People; Canada; Citrulline; Creatinine; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ornithine; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies | 2022 |
On the relationship between GABA+ and glutamate across the brain.
Topics: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Prefrontal Cortex; Young Adult | 2022 |
Elongating porcine conceptuses can utilize glutaminolysis as an anaplerotic pathway to maintain the TCA cycle†.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Pregnancy; Pyruvic Acid; Swine | 2022 |
Increased prefrontal GABA concentrations in adults with autism spectrum disorders.
Topics: Adult; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Prefrontal Cortex | 2022 |
Structural diversity and concentration dependence of pyrazine formation: Exogenous amino substrates and reaction parameters during thermal processing of l-alanyl-l-glutamine Amadori compound.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Dipeptides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Maillard Reaction; Pyrazines; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2022 |
Detection of
Topics: Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2022 |
Glutamate cycle changes in the putamen of patients with de novo Parkinson's disease using
Topics: Animals; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Putamen | 2022 |
Measurement of glucose metabolism in the occipital lobe and frontal cortex after oral administration of [1-13C]glucose at 9.4 T.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Frontal Lobe; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Occipital Lobe | 2022 |
Structural Aspects of
Topics: Asparaginase; Aspartic Acid; Dickeya chrysanthemi; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine | 2022 |
Endogenous glutamine is rate-limiting for anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 induced CD4+ T-cell proliferation and glycolytic activity under hypoxia and normoxia.
Topics: Amino Acids; CD28 Antigens; CD3 Complex; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cell Proliferation; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Hypoxia; Oxygen; Pyruvic Acid | 2022 |
Improved detection limits of J-coupled neurometabolites in the human brain at 7 T with a J-refocused sLASER sequence.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Limit of Detection; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2022 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate/glutamine levels in the dentate nucleus and periaqueductal gray with episodic and chronic migraine: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Cerebellar Nuclei; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Migraine Disorders; Periaqueductal Gray; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Water | 2022 |
Antidepressant chronotherapeutics normalizes prefrontal
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Chronotherapy; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2022 |
Glutamine addiction promotes glucose oxidation in triple-negative breast cancer.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Citric Acid Cycle; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms | 2022 |
Extrinsic hyaluronic acid induction differentially modulates intracellular glutamine metabolism in breast cancer stem cells.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species | 2022 |
Effects of biotin deficiency on short term memory: The role of glutamate, glutamic acid, dopamine and protein kinase A.
Topics: Animals; Biotin; Biotinidase Deficiency; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Dopamine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2022 |
In vivo brain endocannabinoid metabolism is related to hippocampus glutamate and structure - a multimodal imaging study with PET,
Topics: Arachidonic Acids; Brain; Endocannabinoids; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Multimodal Imaging; Polyunsaturated Alkamides; Positron-Emission Tomography; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2022 |
Consumption of Wheat Peptides Improves Functional Constipation: A Translational Study in Humans and Mice.
Topics: Animals; Constipation; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Loperamide; Mice; Peptides; Quality of Life; Triticum; Water | 2022 |
Metabolomics reveals the mechanism of polyethylene microplastic toxicity to Daphnia magna.
Topics: Animals; Daphnia; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Microplastics; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Plastics; Polyethylene; Water Pollutants, Chemical | 2022 |
1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D reduction of MCF10A-ras cell viability in extracellular matrix detached conditions is dependent on regulation of pyruvate carboxylase.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Cell Survival; Doxycycline; Extracellular Matrix; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Malates; Pyruvate Carboxylase; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Small Interfering; Vitamin D | 2022 |
Malaria parasite evades mosquito immunity by glutaminyl cyclase-mediated posttranslational protein modification.
Topics: Aminoacyltransferases; Animals; Culicidae; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Malaria; Plasmodium berghei; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Protozoan Proteins; Sporozoites | 2022 |
Supplementation of mixed doses of glutamate and glutamine can improve the growth and gut health of piglets during the first 2 weeks post-weaning.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Swine; Weaning | 2022 |
A longitudinal investigation of GABA, glutamate, and glutamine across the insula during antipsychotic treatment of first-episode schizophrenia.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Schizophrenia | 2022 |
Phenotype microarray analysis reveals the biotransformation of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici influenced by Bacillus subtilis PBE-8 metabolites.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Antifungal Agents; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Bacillus subtilis; Biotransformation; Carbon; Fusarium; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Isoleucine; Leucine; Linoleic Acids; Linolenic Acids; Microarray Analysis; Nitrogen; Phenotype; Plant Diseases; Proline; RNA, Transfer; Solanum lycopersicum; Valine | 2022 |
Reversible Glutamate Coordination to High-Valent Nickel Protects the Active Site of a [NiFe] Hydrogenase from Oxygen.
Topics: Alanine; Aspartic Acid; Catalytic Domain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogenase; Hydrogenophilaceae; Iron; Ligands; NAD; Nickel; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen | 2022 |
An optimized method for estimating glutaminase activity in biological samples.
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen Peroxide; Oxidoreductases | 2023 |
Regional metabolic heterogeneity in anterior cingulate cortex in major depressive disorder: A multi-voxel
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Depressive Disorder, Major; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2022 |
Sex differences in brain tumor glutamine metabolism reveal sex-specific vulnerabilities to treatment.
Topics: Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Citric Acid Cycle; Female; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Mice; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Sex Characteristics | 2022 |
Molecular dynamics study of the interactions between a hydrophilic polymer brush on graphene and amino acid side chain analogues in water.
Topics: Amino Acids; Butanes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Graphite; Leucine; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate; Solutions; Water | 2022 |
Metabolomics analysis identifies glutamic acid and cystine imbalances in COVID-19 patients without comorbid conditions. Implications on redox homeostasis and COVID-19 pathophysiology.
Topics: Amino Acids; COVID-19; Cystine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypoxia; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Proline; Reactive Oxygen Species; SARS-CoV-2 | 2022 |
Toxicity effects of chlorantraniliprole in zebrafish (Danio rerio) involving in liver function and metabolic phenotype.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insecticides; Isoleucine; Leucine; Liver; Malondialdehyde; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Phenotype; Valine; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Zebrafish | 2022 |
Rapid and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of dopamine, GABA, serotonin, glutamine and glutamate in rat brain regions after exposure to tobacco cigarettes.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nicotiana; Rats; Reproducibility of Results; Serotonin; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Products | 2023 |
Impact of Inhibition of Glutamine and Alanine Transport on Cerebellar Glial and Neuronal Metabolism.
Topics: Acetates; Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Carbon; Cerebellum; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Histidine | 2022 |
The Relationships between Dopaminergic, Glutamatergic, and Cognitive Functioning in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional, Multimodal
Topics: Benzamides; Cognition; Cross-Sectional Studies; DiGeorge Syndrome; Dopamine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2022 |
NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis of Cardiac Tissues Clarifies Molecular Mechanisms of CVB3-Induced Viral Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Coxsackievirus Infections; Enterovirus B, Human; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Myocarditis; Niacin; Niacinamide; Serine; Taurine; Threonine | 2022 |
Changes in aging-induced kidney dysfunction in mice based on a metabolomics analysis.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Biomarkers; Citrates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glyoxylates; Histidine; Kidney; Male; Mice; Nucleotides; Purines; Pyruvates; Renal Insufficiency; Tricarboxylic Acids | 2022 |
[Mechanism of Cordyceps militaris against non-small cell lung cancer: based on serum metabolomics].
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cisplatin; Cordyceps; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glyoxylates; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Metabolomics; Mice; Mice, Nude; Nitrogen; Phenylalanine; RNA, Transfer; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 2022 |
Heliorhodopsin binds and regulates glutamine synthetase activity.
Topics: Ammonia; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nitrogen; Rhodopsin; Rhodopsins, Microbial | 2022 |
Divergent Cellular Energetics, Glutamate Metabolism, and Mitochondrial Function Between Human and Mouse Cerebral Cortex.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Mammals; Mitochondria | 2022 |
Hepatic glutamine synthetase controls N
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Humans; Liver; Mammals; Mice; Neoplasms | 2023 |
Bestrophin-2 and glutamine synthetase form a complex for glutamate release.
Topics: Bestrophins; Cell Membrane; Chlorides; Ciliary Body; Epithelial Cells; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine | 2022 |
High-dose oral glutamine supplementation reduces elevated glutamate levels in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Cohort Studies; Dietary Supplements; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; MELAS Syndrome; Stroke | 2023 |
Differential regulation of nucleus accumbens glutamate and GABA in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats.
Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Nucleus Accumbens; Obesity; Rats | 2023 |
Targeting glutamine metabolism in hepatic stellate cells alleviates liver fibrosis.
Topics: Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Stellate Cells; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis | 2022 |
Short-term neurochemical effects of transcutaneous trigeminal nerve stimulation using 7T magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Trigeminal Nerve; Young Adult | 2023 |
The alteration of urinary metabolomics profiles in Kashin-Beck disease in a three consecutive year study.
Topics: Child; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kashin-Beck Disease; Metabolomics | 2023 |
Altered neurometabolite levels in the brains of patients with depression: A systematic analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Depression; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Reproducibility of Results | 2023 |
Distinguishing glutamate and glutamine in in vivo
Topics: Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phantoms, Imaging | 2023 |
Glutamine Produces Ammonium to Tune Lysosomal pH and Regulate Lysosomal Function.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonium Compounds; Animals; Fibroblasts; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lysosomes; Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; Mice | 2022 |
High-dose oral glutamine can reduce cerebrospinal fluid glutamate in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes without a beneficial clinical or cerebral tissue effect.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies; Stroke | 2023 |
Reply: High-dose oral glutamine can reduce cerebrospinal fluid glutamate in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes without a beneficial clinical or cerebral tissue effect.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; DNA, Mitochondrial; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies; Stroke | 2023 |
Changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate/glutamine levels in the right thalamus of patients with episodic and chronic migraine: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Thalamus | 2023 |
Glutamatergic neurotransmission is affected by low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the supplemental motor cortex of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Topics: Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Motor Cortex; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Treatment Outcome | 2023 |
Targeted metabolomics analysis identified the role of FOXA1 in the change in glutamate-glutamine metabolic pattern of BaP malignantly transformed 16HBE cells.
Topics: Amino Acids; Cell Proliferation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha; Metabolomics | 2023 |
Longitudinal changes in brain metabolites in healthy controls and patients with first episode psychosis: a 7-Tesla MRS study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Young Adult | 2023 |
Consistency of frontal cortex metabolites quantified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy within overlapping small and large voxels.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2023 |
Mapping of glutamate metabolism using 1H FID-MRSI after oral administration of [1-13C]Glc at 9.4 T.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2023 |
The influence of season on glutamate and GABA levels in the healthy human brain investigated by magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging.
Topics: Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurotransmitter Agents; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Seasons | 2023 |
Perinatal blockade of neuronal glutamine transport sex-differentially alters glutamatergic synaptic transmission and organization of neurons in the ventrolateral ventral media hypothalamus of adult rats.
Topics: Animals; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypothalamus; Male; Neurons; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptic Transmission | 2023 |
Changes in Brain GABA and Glutamate and Improvements in Physical Functioning Following Intensive Pain Rehabilitation in Youth With Chronic Pain.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Chronic Pain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 2023 |
Excitatory/Inhibitory Imbalance Underlies Hippocampal Atrophy in Individuals With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome With Psychotic Symptoms.
Topics: Atrophy; DiGeorge Syndrome; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Psychotic Disorders | 2023 |
Design, synthesis, structure-activity relationship studies, and evaluation of novel GLS1 inhibitors.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Humans; Mice; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2023 |
Changes in brain metabolite levels across childhood.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Child; Choline; Creatine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell | 2023 |
Brain proton MR spectroscopy measurements in CLN3 disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Child; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Membrane Glycoproteins; Molecular Chaperones; Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses; Prospective Studies; Protons; Young Adult | 2023 |
Plasma metabolomics and network pharmacology identified glutamate, glutamine, and arginine as biomarkers of depression under Shuganjieyu capsule treatment.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Biomarkers; Depression; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Metabolomics; Network Pharmacology | 2023 |
Chronic 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Use Is Related to Glutamate and GABA Concentrations in the Striatum But Not the Anterior Cingulate Cortex.
Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Rats; Serotonin | 2023 |
Identification of Some Glutamic Acid Derivatives with Biological Potential by Computational Methods.
Topics: Amino Acids; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2023 |
Glutamate levels of the right and left anterior cingulate cortex in autistics adults.
Topics: Adult; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2023 |
Quantitation of Glutamine Synthetase 1 Activity in Drosophila melanogaster.
Topics: Animals; Drosophila; Drosophila melanogaster; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ligases | 2023 |
Effects of Psychotherapy on Glutamatergic Neurotransmission.
Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Psychotherapy, Psychodynamic; Synaptic Transmission | 2023 |
Study on the targeted regulation of Scutellaria baicalensis leaf on glutamine-glutamate metabolism and glutathione synthesis in the liver of d-gal ageing rats.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Liver; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Plant Leaves; Rats; Scutellaria baicalensis | 2023 |
Glutamatergic dysfunction, neuroplasticity, and redox status in the peripheral blood of patients with motor conversion disorders (functional movement disorders): a first step towards potential biomarkers discovery.
Topics: Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Conversion Disorder; Dopamine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neuronal Plasticity | 2023 |
Astrocytes Differentiated from LRRK2-I1371V Parkinson's-Disease-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Exhibit Similar Yield but Cell-Intrinsic Dysfunction in Glutamate Uptake and Metabolism, ATP Generation, and Nrf2-Mediated Glutathione Machinery.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Astrocytes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Parkinson Disease | 2023 |
Increased glutamate and glutamine levels and their relationship to astrocytes and dopaminergic transmissions in the brains of adults with autism.
Topics: Adult; Astrocytes; Autistic Disorder; Brain; Dopamine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Male | 2023 |
In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy by transverse relaxation encoding with narrowband decoupling.
Topics: Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2023 |
The role of neurotransmitters in mediating the relationship between brain alterations and depressive symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Brain; Depression; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2023 |
The interaction of ammonia and manganese in abnormal metabolism of minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A comparison metabolomics study.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Arginine; Brain; Citrulline; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hyperammonemia; Inositol; Isoleucine; Lactic Acid; Leucine; Manganese; Metabolomics; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine | 2023 |
New Study Reveals Long-Term Effects of MDMA on the Brain's Glutamate-Glutamine Complex.
Topics: Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine | 2023 |
Prefrontal GABA and glutamate-glutamine levels affect sustained attention.
Topics: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Prefrontal Cortex | 2023 |
The Association between Macrosomia and Amino Acids' Levels in Maternal and Cord Sera: A Case-Control Study.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Arginine; Case-Control Studies; Chromatography, Liquid; Female; Fetal Macrosomia; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histidine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Leucine; Methionine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Threonine; Tryptophan; Valine | 2023 |
Dietary Glutamine and Glutamate in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality in the United States Men and Women with Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Incidence; Male; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; United States | 2023 |
Memantine Improves the Disturbed Glutamine and γ-Amino Butyric Acid Homeostasis in the Brain of Rats Subjected to Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Brain; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Memantine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew | 2023 |
Efficacy and mechanism study of Baichanting compound, a combination of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. and Maxim.) Harms, Paeonia lactiflora Pall and Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil, on Parkinson's disease based on metagenomics and metabolomics.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Chromatography, Liquid; Dopamine; Eleutherococcus; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Interleukin-6; Malondialdehyde; Metabolomics; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Paeonia; Parkinson Disease; Superoxide Dismutase; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2024 |
Diffusion-weighted SPECIAL improves the detection of J-coupled metabolites at ultrahigh magnetic field.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats | 2024 |
Yueomyces silvicola sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast species unable to utilize ammonium, glutamate, and glutamine as sole nitrogen sources.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonium Compounds; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Phylogeny; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomycetales; Sequence Analysis, DNA | 2023 |
Glutamatergic abnormalities in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder using magnetic resonance spectroscopy: A controlled study.
Topics: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 2023 |
Stable isotope tracing reveals disturbed cellular energy and glutamate metabolism in hippocampal slices of aged male mice.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon Isotopes; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Male; Mice; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2023 |
Neonatal Maternal Separation Induces Sexual Dimorphism in Brain Development: The Influence on Amino Acid Levels and Cognitive Disorders.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Cognitive Dysfunction; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hippocampus; Male; Maternal Deprivation; Memory Disorders; Rats; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; Sex Characteristics | 2023 |
Optimized multi-voxel TE-averaged PRESS for glutamate detection in the human brain at 3T.
Topics: Brain; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2023 |
[Astrocytes, suppliers of neuronal glutamine for physiological synaptic activity and memory].
Topics: Astrocytes; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurons | 2023 |