glutamine has been researched along with gamma-aminobutyric acid in 834 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 236 (28.30) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 140 (16.79) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 160 (19.18) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 203 (24.34) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 95 (11.39) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Bellows, DS; Clarke, ID; Diamandis, P; Dirks, PB; Graham, J; Jamieson, LG; Ling, EK; Sacher, AG; Tyers, M; Ward, RJ; Wildenhain, J | 1 |
| Hamberger, A; Nyström, B; Sellström, A; Woiler, CT | 1 |
| Bondy, SC; Purdy, JL | 1 |
| Bradford, HF; De Belleroche, JS | 1 |
| Cocchi, R; Tornati, A | 2 |
| Takagaki, G | 1 |
| McGeer, EG; McGeer, PL | 1 |
| Fonnum, F; Walaas, I | 1 |
| Barbeau, A; Butterworth, RF; Hamel, E | 1 |
| Collins, GG | 2 |
| Berl, S; Duvoisin, R; Nicklàs, WJ; Nunez, R | 1 |
| Hertz, L | 1 |
| Bush, BM; Emson, PC; Joseph, MH | 1 |
| Leusen, I; Van Leuven, F; Weyne, J | 2 |
| Indira Rao, T; Radhakrishna Murthy, C; Sadasivudu, B | 1 |
| Collins, RC; Mehta, S | 1 |
| Ciesielski, L; Koehl, C; Mandel, P; Randrianarisoa, H; Simler, S | 1 |
| Bradford, HF; Osborne, RH | 1 |
| Behbehani, AW; Neuhoff, V; Quentin, CD | 1 |
| Neal, MJ; White, RD | 1 |
| Edminson, PD; Kvamme, E; Reichelt, KL | 1 |
| Clark, RM; Collins, GG | 1 |
| Beart, PM; Minchin, MC | 1 |
| Buryakova, AV; Sytinsky, IA | 1 |
| Kashiki, Y; Mukherji, B; Ohyanagi, H; Sloviter, HA | 1 |
| Halliday, J; Joseph, MH | 1 |
| Benuck, M; Lajtha, A | 1 |
| Lake, N; Marshall, J; Morjaria, B; Voaden, MJ | 1 |
| Aprison, MH; Shank, RP | 2 |
| Morjaria, B; Voaden, MJ | 2 |
| Besson, MJ; Gauchy, C; Glowinski, J; Kemel, ML | 3 |
| Hornsperger, JM; McCann, PP; Seiler, N | 1 |
| Cuenod, M; Reubi, JC | 1 |
| Barbeau, A; Butterworth, RF; Hamel, E; Landreville, F | 1 |
| Ehinger, B | 1 |
| Roffler-Tarlov, S; Sidman, RL | 1 |
| Schäfer, G | 1 |
| Hossmann, KA; Kawakami, S; Kleihues, P; Kobayashi, K | 1 |
| Kato, S; Laufer, M; Negishi, K; Teranishi, T | 1 |
| Carruthers-Jones, DI; van Gelder, NM | 1 |
| Nilova, NS | 1 |
| Bhaskar Rao, A; Joseph, PK; Rajan, R; Ramakrishna Rao, P; Ramakrishnan, S | 1 |
| Fonnum, F; Minchin, MC | 1 |
| Hamberger, A; Nyström, B; Weiler, CT | 1 |
| Roberts, PJ | 2 |
| Lake, N; Nathwani, B; Voaden, MJ | 1 |
| Minchin, MC | 1 |
| Iakovlev, VN; Leonov, AN | 1 |
| Drummond, RJ; Phillips, AT | 1 |
| Kennedy, AJ; Lolley, RN; Neal, MJ | 1 |
| Demeester, G; Leusen, I; Van Leuven, F; Weyne, J | 1 |
| Ostrovskaia, RU; Safronova, MI; Tsybina, NM; Zubovskaia, AM | 1 |
| Lassánová, M; Nádvornik, P; Sramka, M; Turský, T | 1 |
| Konitzer, K; Voigt, S | 1 |
| Kehoe, JS | 1 |
| Starr, MS | 5 |
| Baxter, CF; Shank, RP | 1 |
| Baev, VI; Korostovtseva, NV; Valeeva, GA | 1 |
| Balázs, R; Patel, AJ | 2 |
| Strang, RH | 1 |
| Booher, J; Bradford, HF; Jones, DG; Ward, HK | 1 |
| Ater, JL; Hauhart, RE; Jones, EM; Thurston, JH | 1 |
| Agrawal, HC; DeVivo, DC; Leckie, MP | 1 |
| Folbergrová, J; Norberg, K; Quistorff, B; Siesjö, BK | 1 |
| Eremin, VP; Gomanko, MV; Guzikov, BM; Konovalova, NN; Sytinsky, IA | 1 |
| Dzubow, L; Garfinkel, D; London, JW; Nicklas, WJ | 1 |
| Matheson, DF; van den Berg, CJ | 1 |
| Emirbekov, EZ; Tananakina, GP | 1 |
| Beal, MF; Finn, SF; Kowall, NW; Mazurek, MF; Storey, E | 1 |
| Gunawan, S; Treiman, DM; Walton, NY | 3 |
| Faden, AI | 1 |
| Haug, FM; Ottersen, OP; Torp, R; Tønder, N; Zimmer, J | 1 |
| Hanstock, CC; Novotny, EJ; Petroff, OA; Prichard, JW; Rothman, DL; Shulman, RG | 1 |
| Boulu, RG; Callebert, J; Lekieffre, D; Plotkine, M | 1 |
| Jones, SR; Kennedy, RT; Wightman, RM | 1 |
| Majors, A; Modic, MT; Ng, TC; Xue, M | 1 |
| Abe, E; Itoh, T; Masuda, Y; Murai, S; Saito, H | 1 |
| Berg, M; Bruhn, T; Cobo, M; Diemer, NH | 1 |
| Fonnum, F; Hassel, B; Johnsen, A; Paulsen, RE | 1 |
| Miller, RF; Slaughter, MM | 1 |
| Fujishima, M; Hirano, M; Matsumoto, T; Ooboshi, H; Sadoshima, S; Uchimura, H; Yao, H | 1 |
| Shreve, PE; Uretsky, NJ | 1 |
| Behar, KL; Ogino, T | 1 |
| Aas, JE; Ji, ZQ; Laake, J; Ottersen, OP; Walberg, F | 1 |
| Ross, BD | 1 |
| Huether, G; Lajtha, A | 1 |
| Ernst, T; Hennig, J | 1 |
| Chang, LJ; Deck, J; el-Awar, M; Gilbert, J; Kish, SJ; Robitaille, Y; Schut, L | 1 |
| Brass, BJ; Jaye, M; Sanon, HR; Sweetnam, PM; White, LA; Whittemore, SR | 1 |
| Besson, MJ; Gauchy, C; Lantin le Boulch, N; Truong-Ngoc, NA | 1 |
| Contestabile, A; Fonnum, F; Paulsen, R; Villani, L; Virgili, M | 1 |
| Battaglioli, G; Martin, DL | 3 |
| Sherman, AD | 1 |
| Krane, J; Petersen, SB; Schousboe, A; Sonnewald, U; Unsgård, G; Westergaard, N | 1 |
| Dodd, PR; Johnston, GA; Leong, DK; Maddison, JE | 1 |
| Bachelard, HS; Badar-Goffer, RS; Morris, PG | 1 |
| Buda, M; Fromentin, JR; Manchon, M; Miachon, S | 1 |
| Cerdan, S; Künnecke, B; Seelig, J | 1 |
| Ciesielski, L; Clement, J; Mandel, P; Simler, S | 1 |
| Erecińska, M; Silver, IA | 1 |
| Cann-Moisan, C; Caroff, J; Girin, E | 1 |
| Albrecht, J; Norenberg, MD | 1 |
| Ebner, J; Ferenci, P; Zimmermann, C | 1 |
| Barbeito, L; Cheramy, A; Girault, JA; Glowinski, J; Godeheu, G; Pittaluga, A | 1 |
| Daly, MP; Demediuk, P; Faden, AI | 1 |
| Meyer, DK; Thate, A | 1 |
| Ash, CW; Baldy, WJ; Shank, RP | 1 |
| Chavko, M; Danielisová, V; Marsala, J; Martiniak, J | 1 |
| Abdul-Ghani, AS; el-Lati, S; Ghneim, H; Saca'an, A | 1 |
| Godfrey, DA; Parli, JA; Ross, CD | 1 |
| Hellevuo, K; Kiianmaa, K | 1 |
| Chatterjee, AK; Dalal, BB; Sadhu, U | 1 |
| Banay-Schwartz, M; Lajtha, A; Palkovits, M | 1 |
| O'Regan, PA; Szerb, JC | 2 |
| Chapman, AG; Cheetham, SC; Hart, GP; Meldrum, BS; Westerberg, E | 1 |
| Hoop, B; Kazemi, H; Shih, VE | 1 |
| Druse, MJ; Rathbun, WE | 1 |
| Ito, M; Matsumoto, H | 1 |
| Chandrakala, MV; Marcus, SR; Nadiger, HA; Rao, TI; Sadasivudu, B | 1 |
| Allen, IC; Grieve, A; Griffiths, R | 1 |
| Grisar, TM | 1 |
| Ahmed, NA; Hussein, MF; Rawi, SM | 1 |
| Fu-Long, T; Gundersen, V; Laake, JH; Nordbø, G; Ottersen, OP; Storm-Mathisen, J | 1 |
| Feuer, L; Schulz, H | 2 |
| Bradford, HF; Young, AM | 2 |
| Engelsen, B; Fonnum, F; Westerberg, E; Wieloch, T | 1 |
| Haworth, JC; Perry, TL; Robinson, BH | 1 |
| Butcher, SP; Hagberg, H; Hamberger, A; Sandberg, M | 1 |
| Manyam, BV | 1 |
| Lindefors, N; Tossman, U; Ungerstedt, U | 1 |
| Indira, K; Prasad, GV; Rajendra, W | 1 |
| Hyndman, A; Nicklas, WJ; Zeevalk, G | 1 |
| Butterworth, RF; Giguère, JF; Lavoie, J; Layrargues, GP | 1 |
| Chan, PH; Fishman, RA; Yu, AC | 1 |
| Cunningham, AM; Earl, JW; Goldsmith, RF | 1 |
| Baker, PF; Revest, PA | 1 |
| Grimes, L; Hong, JS; Hudson, PM; Mitchell, CL | 1 |
| Fonnum, F; Paulsen, RE | 1 |
| Ali, SF; Hikal, AH; Lipe, GW; Newport, GD; Scallet, AC; Slikker, W | 1 |
| Ferraro, TN; Hare, TA; Manyam, BV | 1 |
| Contestabile, A; Fonnum, F; Paulsen, RE; Villani, L | 1 |
| Fonnum, F; Odden, E; Paulsen, RE | 1 |
| Bateman, DE; Edwardson, JA; Hardy, JA; McDermott, JR; Parker, DS | 1 |
| Hoop, B; Kazemi, H; Shih, VE; Systrom, DM | 1 |
| Kapetanovic, IM; Kupferberg, HJ; Torchin, CD; Yonekawa, WD | 1 |
| Brodin, L; Grillner, S; Ohta, Y; Tossman, U; Ungerstedt, U | 1 |
| Aguera, M; Belin, MF; Calas, A; Didier, M; Harandi, M | 1 |
| Cocchi, R | 2 |
| Bunney, BS; Chiodo, LA; Freeman, AS | 1 |
| Goto, S; Ichikawa, M; Matsuyama, K; Miyazaki, C | 1 |
| French, ED; Schwarcz, R; Ungerstedt, U; Vezzani, A | 1 |
| Feussner, G; Lust, WD; Passonneau, JV; Yasumoto, Y | 1 |
| Koelle, GB; Sanville, UJ; Thampi, NS; Wall, SJ | 1 |
| Barbeito, L; Chéramy, A; Glowinski, J; Godeheu, G; Romo, R | 1 |
| Kapetanovic, IM; Kupferberg, HJ; Yonekawa, WD | 1 |
| Gunnarson, G; Hamberger, A; Jakobsson, AK; Sjöstrand, J | 1 |
| Iribar, MC; Myers, RD; Peinado, JM | 1 |
| Lindgren, S | 1 |
| Abdul-Ghani, AS | 2 |
| David, S; Kalyankar, GD | 1 |
| del Río, RM; Delgado, JM; Herranz, AS; Herreras, O; Lerma, J; Muñoz, D; Solís, JM | 1 |
| Van Leuven, F; Weyne, J | 1 |
| Emirbekov, EZ; L'vova, SP | 1 |
| Kasarian, BA | 1 |
| Hrbek, J; Krejcí, Z; Navrátil, J; Sklenovský, A | 1 |
| Folbergrová, J; Ljunggren, B; Norberg, K; Siesjö, BK | 1 |
| Ledig, M; Mandel, P; Owsianowski, N; Randrianarisoa, H; Simler, S | 1 |
| Bowery, NG; Brown, DA | 1 |
| Lewis, LD; Ljunggren, B; Norberg, K; Siesjö, BK | 1 |
| Lee, LW; Liao, CL; Yatsu, FM | 1 |
| Baldessarini, RJ; Yorke, C | 1 |
| Roberts, PJ; Yates, RA | 1 |
| Kennedy, AJ; Marshall, J; Voaden, MJ | 1 |
| Arevalo, JM; Armijo, M; Rodriguez, LP; Velasco, A | 1 |
| Ramakrishnan, S; Rao, AB; Subrahmanyam, K | 1 |
| Kennedy, AJ; Voaden, MJ | 1 |
| Mikhailov, GA; Osadchaia, LM; Prokhorova, MI; Zakharova, LI | 1 |
| Gotlober, IV; Krichevskaia, AA; Lukash, AI; Menzhderitskaia, LG; Samoĭlik, NI | 1 |
| Goman'ko, MV; Guzikov, BM; Sapegina, LA; Soboleva, NM; Sytinskiĭ, IA | 1 |
| Balázs, R; Johnson, AL; Patel, AJ | 1 |
| Balázs, R; Möhler, H; Patel, AJ | 1 |
| Mikhaĭlov, GA | 1 |
| Nordyke, EL; Roach, MK | 1 |
| Martínez Rodríguez, R | 1 |
| Caruso, G; De Simone, D; Giammona, G; Marano, P; Nicoletti, F; Patti, F; Raffaele, R | 1 |
| Corradetti, R; Moroni, F; Pepeu, G | 1 |
| Tyce, GM; Wong, KL | 1 |
| Barbeau, A; Butterworth, RF; Giguere, F; Hamel, E; Landreville, F; Merkel, A | 1 |
| Beani, L; Bianchi, C; Moneti, G; Moroni, F; Tanganelli, S | 2 |
| Currie, DN; Kelly, JS | 1 |
| Fonnum, F; Henke, H | 1 |
| Butterworth, RF; Landreville, F; Merkel, AD | 1 |
| Hertz, L; Yu, AC | 1 |
| Carabez, A; Meza, G; Ruíz, M | 1 |
| Berl, S; Krespan, B; Nicklas, WJ | 1 |
| de Barry, J; Gombos, G; Langley, OK; Vincendon, G | 1 |
| Borg, J; Mandel, P; Mark, J; Ramaharobandro, N | 1 |
| Al-Badry, KS; Taha, HM | 1 |
| Campbell, GL; Shank, RP | 2 |
| Ito, M; Kikuchi, S; Matsumoto, H | 1 |
| Atkinson, DJ; Balázs, R; Brooksbank, BW | 1 |
| Corazzi, L; Sandberg, M | 1 |
| Korf, J; Venema, K | 1 |
| Haug, P; Nitsch, C; Schmude, B | 1 |
| Bradford, HF; Sugden, D; Thanki, CM; Thomas, AJ | 1 |
| Kimes, AS; Shellenberger, MK | 1 |
| Regunathan, S; Sundaresan, R | 1 |
| Neuhoff, V; Poetter, U; Schott, K | 1 |
| Hassler, R; Haug, P; Nitsch, C; Wagner, A | 1 |
| Hertz, E; Hertz, L; Yu, AC | 1 |
| Radha, E; Rajeswari, TS | 1 |
| Chapman, AG; Meldrum, BS; Premachandra, M; Westerberg, E | 1 |
| Reif-Lehrer, L | 1 |
| Fisher, TE; Hertz, E; Hertz, L; Schousboe, A; Tildon, JT; Yu, AC | 1 |
| Gomez-Capilla, JA; Mora, F; Peinado, JM | 1 |
| Nicklas, WJ | 1 |
| Mora, F; Myers, RD | 1 |
| Hepler, JR; Myers, RD; Noto, T | 1 |
| Malthe-Sørenssen, D; Odden, E; Walaas, I | 1 |
| Reubi, JC | 1 |
| Beverstock, GC | 1 |
| Honda, T | 1 |
| Lassánová, M; Turský, T | 1 |
| Koudelová, J; Trojan, S | 1 |
| Bonhaus, DW; Huxtable, RJ; Lippincott, SE | 1 |
| Szerb, JC | 1 |
| Gloor, P; Ménini, C; Siatitsas, I; van Gelder, NM | 1 |
| Anjaneyulu, K; Carpinelli, AR; Christophe, J; Herchuelz, A; Lebrun, P; Malaisse, WJ; Sener, A | 1 |
| Prusiner, SB | 1 |
| Ledig, M; M'Paria, JR; Mandel, P | 1 |
| Simon, JR | 1 |
| Bellin, SI; Blagova, OE; Edmonds, HL; Nikitina, ZS; Sylvester, DM | 1 |
| Aguera, M; Belin, MF; Calas, A; Gamrani, H; Pujol, JF | 1 |
| Canzek, V; Reubi, JC | 1 |
| Casamenti, F; Corradetti, R; Moneti, G; Moroni, F; Pepeu, G | 1 |
| Foster, AC; Roberts, PJ | 1 |
| Lee, HK; Nalcioglu, O; Yaman, A | 1 |
| Dawson, R; Eppler, B; Patterson, TA | 1 |
| Kanamori, K; Kuo, EL; Ross, BD | 1 |
| Frahm, J; Hanefeld, F; Hänicke, W; Helms, G; Holzbach, U | 1 |
| Behar, KL; Mattson, RH; Petroff, OA; Rothman, DL | 1 |
| Chang, C; Jang, T | 1 |
| Alexiuk, NA; Green-Johnson, J; Ryan, E; Vriend, J | 1 |
| Petersen, SB; Schousboe, A; Sonnewald, U; Westergaard, N | 1 |
| Hertz, L; Huang, R; Larsson, O; Peng, L; Petersen, SB; Schousboe, A; Sonnewald, U; Westergaard, N | 1 |
| Kanamori, K; Ross, BD | 2 |
| Calvo, R; Cerdán, S; Chapa, F; Escobar del Rey, F; Künnecke, B; Morreale de Escobar, G | 1 |
| Huxtable, RJ; Labiner, D; Lleu, PL; Weinand, M | 1 |
| André, B; Coornaert, D; Hein, C; Soussi Boudekou, S; Talibi, D; Vissers, S | 1 |
| Aoki, M; Arai, T; Mori, H; Mori, K; Watanabe, K | 1 |
| Sims, NR | 1 |
| Arvin, B; Chapman, AG; Le Peillet, E; Meldrum, BS; Ottersen, OP; Torp, R | 1 |
| Erecińska, M; Nelson, D | 1 |
| Carlson, L; Godfrey, DA; Parli, JA; Ross, CD | 1 |
| Pow, DV; Robinson, SR | 1 |
| Gopher, A; Lapidot, A | 1 |
| Biggs, CS; Fowler, LJ; Pearce, BR; Whitton, PS | 1 |
| Berkowitz, D; Bucuvalas, JC; Hug, P; Sleight, RG | 1 |
| Behar, KL; Petroff, OA; Rothman, DL; Spencer, DD | 1 |
| Pow, DV | 2 |
| Kauer, JS; Wellis, DP | 1 |
| Petersen, SB; Schousboe, A; Sonnewald, U; Svendsen, JS; Unsgård, G; Westergaard, N | 1 |
| Bakkelund, AH; Fonnum, F; Paulsen, RE | 1 |
| Bachelard, HS; Badar-Goffer, RS; Ben-Yoseph, O; Morris, PG | 1 |
| Ball, WS; Dunn, RS; Kirks, DR; Nelson, SJ; Tzika, AA; Vigneron, DB | 1 |
| Caron, MG; el Mestikawy, S; Giros, B; Hamon, M; Kingsmore, SF; Pohl, M; Seldin, MF | 1 |
| Bongianni, F; Dubuc, R; Grillner, S; Ohta, Y | 1 |
| Cullen, G; Dolphin, AC; Fazeli, MS; Huston, E; Pearson, H; Sweeney, MI | 1 |
| Cooper, TG; Daugherty, JR; el Berry, HM; Rai, R | 1 |
| Kato, H; Kogure, K; Nakata, N | 1 |
| Morrisett, RA; Swartzwelder, HS | 1 |
| Ryner, LN; Sorenson, JA; Thomas, MA | 1 |
| Gyte, A; Lock, EA; Simpson, MG; Widdowson, PS; Wyatt, I | 1 |
| Schousboe, A; Sonnewald, U; Westergaard, N | 1 |
| Baker, GB; Paslawski, TM; Sloley, BD | 1 |
| Bousquet, P; Chapleau, D; Crambes, A; Feldman, J; Monassier, L; Roegel, JC | 1 |
| Godfrey, DA; Godfrey, TG; Li, H; Rubin, AM | 1 |
| Chen, FY; Ishine, T; Lai, CC; Lee, TJ; Sarwinski, S | 1 |
| Bettendorff, L; Margineanu, I; Sallanon-Moulin, M; Schoffeniels, E; Touret, M; Wins, P | 1 |
| Ishiguro, S; Ishikawa, A; Shiono, T; Tamai, M | 1 |
| Kalloniatis, M; Napper, GA | 1 |
| Dunn, D; Farnworth, M; Gyte, A; Lock, EA; Moore, RB; Simpson, MG; Widdowson, PS; Wyatt, I | 1 |
| Schneider, C; Singewald, N; Zhou, GY | 1 |
| Barish, ME; Ichikawa, M; Iijima, T; Matsumoto, G; Tominaga, T | 1 |
| Kalloniatis, M; Marc, RE; Murry, RF | 1 |
| Brennan, PA; Kendrick, KM; Keverne, EB | 1 |
| Butterworth, RF; Sonnewald, U; Therrien, G | 1 |
| Cerdán, S; Preece, NE | 1 |
| Arenas, J; Benito-León, J; Cisneros, E; Gasalla, T; Gómez, P; Jiménez-Jiménez, FJ; Molina, JA; Navarro, JA; Ortí-Pareja, M; Vargas, C | 1 |
| Daikhin, Y; Erecińska, M; Nelson, D; Yudkoff, M | 1 |
| Ientile, R; Macaione, S; Malecka, B; Nisticò, G; Nucci, C; Pedale, S; Picciurro, V | 1 |
| Chebib, M; Johnston, GA | 1 |
| Brennan, PA; Keverne, EB | 1 |
| Alexiuk, NA; Vriend, JP | 1 |
| Brodie, MJ; Forrest, G; Fraser, CM; Leach, JP; Patsalos, PN; Sills, GJ | 1 |
| Brodie, MJ; Butler, E; Forrest, G; Leach, JP; Sills, GJ; Thompson, GG | 1 |
| Daikhin, Y; Grunstein, R; Nissim, I; Yudkoff, M | 1 |
| Goshgarian, HG; Kuhtz-Buschbeck, JP; Mautes, A; Nacimiento, AC; Nacimiento, W; Palazzolo, K; Tai, Q | 1 |
| Fonnum, F; Hassel, B; Johnsen, A | 1 |
| Nicklas, WJ; Zeevalk, GD | 2 |
| Abbott, FS; Palaty, J; Tang, W | 1 |
| Alexander, GM; Gordon, SW; Grothusen, JR; Schwartzman, RJ | 1 |
| Fletcher, EL; Kalloniatis, M | 1 |
| Behar, KL; Dhankhar, A; Mason, GF; Rothman, DL; Shulman, RG; Sibson, NR | 1 |
| Bianchi, M; Bondiolotti, GP; Clavenna, A; Ferrario, P; Panerai, AE | 1 |
| Pipeleers, D; Schuit, F; Smismans, A | 1 |
| Barros, HM; Tannhauser, M; Vargas, C | 1 |
| Carceller, F; Cerdán, S; Pascual, JM; Roda, JM | 1 |
| Hayakawa, T; Kohmura, E; Nonaka, M; Wakayama, A; Yamashita, T; Yoshimine, T | 1 |
| Liptaj, T; Mierisová, S; Tkác, I; van den Boogaart, A; Van Hecke, P; Vanhamme, L | 1 |
| Liu, R; Liu, Y; Zhu, C | 1 |
| Huang, LH; Li, JL; Wang, SR | 1 |
| Berg-Johnsen, J; Haugstad, TS; Langmoen, IA; Larsen, M | 1 |
| Li, D | 1 |
| Abdelmalki, A; Berthelot, M; Bigard, X; Guezennec, CY; Merino, D; Peres, M; Pierard, C; Serrurier, B | 1 |
| Gurr, D; Hurd, RE; Sailasuta, N | 1 |
| Rothman, DL; Shulman, RG | 1 |
| Bolo, N; Dahchour, A; De Witte, P; Durbin, P; Macher, JP; Muzet, M; Nédélec, JF | 1 |
| Bartfai, T; Brodin, L; Grillner, S; Langel, U; Larhammar, D; Parker, D; Shupliakov, O; Söderberg, C; Zotova, E | 1 |
| Gruetter, R; Kim, S; Seaquist, ER; Ugurbil, K | 1 |
| Dezortová, M; Hájek, M; Komárek, V | 1 |
| Behar, KL; Hyder, F; Mattson, RH; Petroff, OA; Rothman, DL | 1 |
| Bouzier, AK; Canioni, P; Merle, M; Quesson, B; Valeins, H | 1 |
| Hoeger, H; Kaehler, S; Kohlhauser, C; Kouvelas, D; Lubec, B; Mosgoeller, W; Prast, H; Singewald, N | 1 |
| Owczarzak, MT; Pourcho, RG | 1 |
| Larsson, OM; Schousboe, A; Sonnewald, U; Waagepetersen, HS | 1 |
| Bakonyi, A; Fekete, MI; Horváth, EJ; Palkovits, M; Salamon, C | 1 |
| Brodie, MJ; Forrest, G; Fraser, CM; Sills, GJ; Thompson, GG | 1 |
| Schousboe, A; Sonnewald, U; Waagepetersen, HS | 2 |
| Kanamatsu, T; Tsukada, Y | 1 |
| Fliniaux, MA; Gillet-Manceau, F; Marty, D; Mesnard, F; Monti, JP | 1 |
| Huxtable, RJ; Labiner, DM; Weinand, ME; Yan, CC | 1 |
| Chen, WY; Kuo, JS; Tsai, PJ; Tsai, WJ; Yang, CS | 1 |
| Cerdán, S; Cruz, F | 1 |
| Chen, X; Tao, Y; Yan, Y; Yu, P | 1 |
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| Barker, GJ; Bell, T; Boudes, ES; Edden, RAE; Harris, AD; Lebel, RM; Loo, RS; Lythgoe, DJ; Wilson, M | 1 |
| Andrews, HF; Baldinger, A; Casadei, S; Fader, KM; Feng, M; Gibbs, RA; Gulsuner, S; Gur, RC; King, MC; Korchina, V; Majara, L; Malan, M; McClellan, JM; Mndini, MM; Mqulwana, SG; Muzny, D; Nagdee, M; Ngqengelele, LL; Ntola, OA; Pretorius, A; Ramesar, RS; Sibeko, G; Stein, DJ; Susser, ES; van der Merwe, C; Walsh, T; Willoughby, E; Zingela, Z | 1 |
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| Chen, X; Dai, Z; Huang, Q; Shen, Z; Wang, W; Wu, R; Xu, H; Xu, S; Yan, G; Yu, Z; Zeng, H; Zhang, X | 1 |
| Aldana, BI; Andersen, JV; Christensen, SK; Diaz-delCastillo, M; Schousboe, A; Tanila, H; Waagepetersen, HS; Westi, EW | 1 |
| Corsi-Zuelli, F; da Roza, DL; Del-Ben, CM; Deminice, R; Fachim, HA; Jordão, AA; Loureiro, CM; Louzada-Junior, P; Menezes, PR; Shuhama, R; Simões-Ambrosio, LMC | 1 |
| Axton, ER; Beaver, LM; García-Jaramillo, M; Hord, NG; Keller, RM; Magnusson, KR; Prater, MC; Stevens, JF; Tanguay, RL; Truong, L | 1 |
| Bölükbas, I; Freund, N; Mundorf, A | 1 |
| Cheng, PZ; Duncan, NW; Hsu, TY; Lane, TJ; Lee, HC; Truong, V | 1 |
| Cheng, H; Dydak, U; Newman, S; Wang, A | 1 |
| Al-Iedani, O; Arm, J; Lea, R; Lechner-Scott, J; Oeltzschner, G; Ramadan, S | 1 |
| Aldana, BI; Andersen, JV; Freude, KK; Salcedo, C; Schousboe, A; Vinten, KT; Waagepetersen, HS; Wagner, A | 1 |
| Arichi, T; De Vita, E; Edden, RAE; Hughes, EJ; Maria, YL; McAlonan, GM; Price, AN; Puts, NAJ | 1 |
| Baker, SA; Fischer, CR; Gajera, CR; Leśniak, RK; Montine, TJ; Saw, NL; Shamloo, M; Wawro, AM | 1 |
| Jin, ES; Lee, MH; Malloy, CR | 1 |
| Galvez, F; Liu, D; Munley, KM | 1 |
| Gu, Y; Guo, S; Le, A; Qu, J | 1 |
| Rideaux, R | 1 |
| Holton, KF; Sarlo, GL | 1 |
| Bailey, M; DeStefano, K; Fulbright, RK; Juchem, C; Kurada, AV; Pitt, D; Prinsen, H; Swanberg, KM | 1 |
| Crocetti, D; Deronda, A; Edden, RAE; Harris, AD; He, JL; Mikkelsen, M; Mostofsky, SH; Oeltzschner, G; Puts, NAJ; Wodka, EL | 1 |
| Avila-Luna, A; Bueno-Nava, A; García-Díaz, G; González-Piña, R; Montes, S; Parra-Cid, C; Ramos-Languren, LE; Rodríguez-Labrada, R; Vázquez-Mojena, Y | 1 |
| Hao, J; Jiang, K; Ma, B; Wu, M; Zhang, X | 1 |
| Guo, Y; Huang, S; Long, C; Qiao, X; Wang, Y; Yang, D; Yang, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, X | 1 |
| Aldana, BI; Andersen, JV; Borges, K; Jakobsen, E; Urruticoechea, N; Westi, EW | 1 |
| de la Fuente-Sandoval, C; Graff-Guerrero, A; Honda, S; Hondo, N; Iwata, Y; Kinjo, M; Mimura, M; Mori, Y; Moriguchi, S; Nakahara, K; Nakahara, T; Nakajima, S; Noda, Y; Plitman, E; Segawa, H; Tarumi, R; Tsugawa, S; Uchida, H; Ueno, F; Wada, M; Watanabe, H; Yoshida, K | 1 |
| Forloines, MR; Reid, MA; Salibi, N | 1 |
| Díaz-Cintra, S; Lomas-Soria, C; Martínez-Orozco, H; Ramírez-Emiliano, J; Reyes-Castro, LA; Sandoval-Salazar, C; Solís-Ortiz, S | 1 |
| Ghosh, DK; Ranjan, A | 1 |
| Dahlgren, MK; Davis, KA; Fitzmaurice, GM; Gruber, S; Kuppe, MK; Lukas, SE; Zuo, CS | 1 |
| Behar, KL; de Graaf, RA; Hyder, F; Koush, Y; Rothman, DL | 1 |
| McGlade, E; Prescot, A; Renshaw, P; Subramaniam, P; Yurgelun-Todd, D | 1 |
| Dai, H; Han, S; Jin, X; Li, Y; Wu, P; Wu, X; Yang, Y; Zhao, H | 1 |
| Cai, H; Cao, T; Chen, Q; Jiao, S; Wang, L; Wu, X; Yang, C; Yang, D; Yang, P; Zeng, C; Zhang, S; Zhu, Z | 1 |
| Bodineau, C; Durán, RV; Murdoch, PDS; Tomé, M | 1 |
| Deelchand, DK; Dux, PE; Ehrhardt, SE; Filmer, HL; Jin, J; Marjańska, M; Mattingley, JB; Rideaux, R; Wards, Y | 1 |
| Dharani, R; Goyal, N; Khanra, S; Kumar, AS; Roy, C | 1 |
| Dacko, M; Domschke, K; Düppers, AL; Ebert, D; Endres, D; Fangmeier, T; Lange, T; Maier, S; Nickel, K; Perlov, E; Riedel, A; Runge, K; Tebartz van Elst, L | 1 |
| Barredo, J; Carpenter, LL; Fukuda, AM; Gonsalves, MA; Harris, AD; Joyce, HE; White, TL | 1 |
| Bai, X; Hu, Z; Li, Z; Sui, B; Tang, H; Wang, W; Wang, Y; Yu, X; Yuan, Z; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Andersen, JV; Schousboe, A; Verkhratsky, A | 1 |
| Fukuda, S; Fukudo, S; Gotoh, Y; Hayashi, T; Kasahara, Y; Kawashima, J; Kurokawa, K; Mori, H; Nakamura, K; Sato, Y; Tanaka, Y; Yamashita, R | 1 |
| Blazer, A; Calabro, FJ; Ferrarelli, F; Foran, W; Hetherington, HP; Luna, B; Mayeli, A; Perica, M; Sarpal, DK; Sonnenschein, SF; Yushmanov, VE | 1 |
| Baranovicova, E; Kalenska, D; Kovalska, M; Lehotsky, J | 1 |
| Alhusban, AA; Alzaghari, LF; Hammad, AM; Shallan, AI; Shnewer, K | 1 |
| Chian, S; Fu, L; Li, K; Liu, M; Wang, A; Wang, B; Wang, J; Wu, Y; Yao, W | 1 |
| Andersen, JV; Schousboe, A | 2 |
| Ford, T; He, JL; Lythgoe, DJ; Oeltzschner, G; Pasanta, D; Puts, NA | 1 |
| Addis, VM; Boulnemour, KM; Ferrario, CR; Kennedy, RT; Micheli, DA; Nesbitt, KM; Sandoval, DA; Smith, KB; Vollbrecht, PJ | 1 |
| Hu, L; Liu, Y; Lv, F; Ma, L; Pu, J; Shen, Y; Shi, Y; Xie, X; Yang, W; Zhang, H | 1 |
| Bai, X; Hu, Z; Li, Z; Man, X; Sui, B; Tang, H; Wang, W; Wang, Y; Yu, X; Yuan, Z; Zhang, P; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Gantenbein, AR; Luechinger, R; Michels, L; O'Gorman, R; Pohl, H; Riederer, F; Sandor, PS; Schoenen, J; Wyss, P | 1 |
| Ahn, S; Butz, M; Füllenbach, ND; Häussinger, D; Jördens, MS; Ljimani, A; Oeltzschner, G; Schnitzler, A; Thiel, TA; Wilms, LM; Wittsack, HJ; Zöllner, HJ | 1 |
| Andersen, JV; Schousboe, A; Wellendorph, P | 1 |
| Bogner, W; Handschuh, P; Lanzenberger, R; Reed, MB; Spies, M; Spurny-Dworak, B; Vanicek, T | 1 |
| de Chastelain, A; DeMayo, MM; Harris, AD; McPeak, A; Miller, JV; Noel, M; Pigott, T; Rasic, N; Rayner, L | 1 |
| Bagautdinova, J; Delavari, F; Eliez, S; Mancini, V; Saleh, MG | 1 |
| Baker, EH; Dang Do, AN; Farmer, CA; Porter, FD; Soldatos, AG; Thurm, AE | 1 |
| Baumgartner, MR; Bavato, F; Beste, C; Cole, DM; Coray, R; Friedli, N; Oeltzschner, G; Opitz, A; Quednow, BB; Seifritz, E; Steuer, AE; Stock, AK; Werner, A; Zimmermann, J; Zölch, N | 1 |
| Ai, K; Huang, W; Liu, G; Wang, J; Xu, K; Zhang, J | 1 |
| Li, Y; Liu, XF; Lu, JJ; Qiang, JW; Yang, XY | 1 |
| Kawahara, JI; Kihara, K; Kochiyama, T; Kondo, HM; Shimada, Y; Terashima, H | 1 |
| Dąbrowska-Bouta, B; Sidoryk-Węgrzynowicz, M; Strużyńska, L; Sulkowski, G | 1 |
| Brunovský, M; Fajnerová, I; Greguš, D; Horáček, J; Kosová, E; Pajuelo, D; Stopková, P | 1 |
| Grochecki, P; Kochalska, K; Kotlinska, JH; Marszalek-Grabska, M; Matosiuk, D; Michalak, A; Ner-Kluza, J; Pankowska, A; Suder, P | 1 |
73 review(s) available for glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Amino acid transport in isolated neurons and glia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alanine; Amino Acids; Biological Transport, Active; Calcium; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Kinetics; Nerve Endings; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Ouabain; Potassium; Sodium; Synaptosomes | 1976 |
Functional interactions between neurons and astrocytes I. Turnover and metabolism of putative amino acid transmitters.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Biological Transport; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Models, Biological; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Synaptosomes; Taurine | 1979 |
Aminotransferase activity in brain.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Brain; Catalysis; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Diet; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamine; Glycine; Hormones; Humans; Isoenzymes; Ketoglutaric Acids; Ornithine; Rats; Serine; Swine; Transaminases; Tyrosine Transaminase | 1975 |
Amino acid transport in spinal and sympathetic ganglia.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Diamino; Aminobutyrates; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Calcimycin; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia, Autonomic; Ganglia, Spinal; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Kinetics; Lysine; Neuroglia; Neurons; Potassium; Sodium | 1976 |
Biochemical considerations in 1H spectroscopy. Glutamate and glutamine; myo-inositol and related metabolites.
Topics: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Chemical; Protons | 1991 |
Metabolism and role of glutamate in mammalian brain.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Biological Transport; Brain; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hypoglycemia; Hypoxia; Mammals; Neurons; Synaptosomes | 1990 |
Neuron-glia relationships in human and experimental epilepsy: a biochemical point of view.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Carbonic Anhydrases; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Humans; Ions; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Potassium; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase | 1986 |
Influence of precursors on brain GABA level.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Sodium Glutamate | 1987 |
Interactions between neurons and glia in glutamate/glutamine compartmentation.
Topics: Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Kainic Acid; Neuroglia; Neurons | 1987 |
Present status and significance of the glutamine cycle in neural tissues.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Central Nervous System; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Nerve Tissue; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents | 1981 |
Glutamate metabolism in the retina: a larger perspective.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Enzyme Induction; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Retina; Species Specificity | 1984 |
Amino acid metabolism in the central nervous system: role of glutamate dehydrogenase.
Topics: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Animals; Central Nervous System; Cerebellar Ataxia; Enzyme Activation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Leucine; Mitochondria; NADP; Nerve Endings; Neuroglia; Rats; Syndrome | 1984 |
The current state of research with peripheral tissues in Huntington disease.
Topics: Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; Biopsy; Blood Platelets; Cell Division; Cell Membrane; Cell Migration Inhibition; Cells, Cultured; Chromosome Aberrations; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Erythrocyte Membrane; Female; Fibroblasts; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Huntington Disease; Immunoglobulin G; Karyotyping; Leukocytes; Male; Mutation; Radiation Tolerance; Skin; Spectrometry, Fluorescence | 1984 |
Disorders of glutamate metabolism and neurological dysfunction.
Topics: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Ammonia; Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glutathione; Histidine; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Nervous System Diseases; Proline; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid | 1981 |
Psychopharmacotherapy of anxiety in the first years of life.
Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Blood Glucose; Brain Chemistry; Delivery, Obstetric; Depression; Female; Fetal Blood; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mother-Child Relations; Pregnancy; Virus Diseases | 1981 |
Utilization of glutamine and of TCA cycle constituents as precursors for transmitter glutamate and GABA.
Topics: Animals; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 1993 |
Metabolic trafficking between neurons and astrocytes: the glutamate/glutamine cycle revisited.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurons | 1995 |
Olfactory recognition memory.
Topics: Animals; Dentate Gyrus; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Male; Memory; Models, Neurological; Neurons; Olfactory Bulb; Olfactory Nerve; Pheromones; Pregnancy; Smell | 1996 |
Use of fluorocitrate and fluoroacetate in the study of brain metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Citrates; Citric Acid Cycle; Fluoroacetates; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neuroglia | 1997 |
Interpreting functional imaging studies in terms of neurotransmitter cycling.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mental Processes; Models, Neurological; Models, Psychological; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Signal Transduction; Tomography, Emission-Computed | 1998 |
1H MR spectroscopy in patients with mesial temporal epilepsy.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 1998 |
The GABA paradox: multiple roles as metabolite, neurotransmitter, and neurodifferentiative agent.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cell Differentiation; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamine; Humans; Isoenzymes; Neurons; Synaptic Transmission | 1999 |
Quantitative 13C NMR studies of metabolic compartmentation in the adult mammalian brain.
Topics: Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuroglia; Neurons | 1999 |
Alterations in neurochemistry during retinal degeneration.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Neurotransmitter Agents; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate; Rats; Retina; Retinal Degeneration; Retinitis Pigmentosa; Time Factors | 2000 |
An analysis of sea urchin metamorphosis.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Biological Transport; Chlorophyta; Dopamine; Drug Resistance; Environment; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Larva; Levodopa; Metamorphosis, Biological; Mitosis; Nerve Net; Nervous System; Norepinephrine; Sea Urchins | 2000 |
In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance studies of glutamate-gamma-aminobutyric acid-glutamine cycling in rodent and human cortex: the central role of glutamine.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Astrocytes; Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurons; Nitrogen Isotopes; Rats | 2001 |
Maternity leads to morphological synaptic plasticity in the oxytocin system.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Mammals; Maternal Behavior; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Synapses | 2001 |
Citrulline and DRIP-1 protein (ArgE homologue) in drought tolerance of wild watermelon.
Topics: Abscisic Acid; Acclimatization; Alanine; Amidohydrolases; Arginine; Brassicaceae; Carbon; Citrulline; Citrullus; Cucumis sativus; Disasters; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Glutamine; Heat-Shock Proteins; Light; Models, Biological; Oxygen; Photosynthesis; Plant Proteins; Plants; Sodium Chloride; Water | 2002 |
GAD(67): the link between the GABA-deficit hypothesis and the dopaminergic- and glutamatergic theories of psychosis.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamine; Humans; Isoenzymes; Neurons; Psychotic Disorders; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, GABA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2003 |
Compartmentation of glutamine, glutamate, and GABA metabolism in neurons and astrocytes: functional implications.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurons | 2003 |
Pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence: anticraving medications for relapse prevention.
Topics: Acamprosate; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Disulfiram; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Models, Biological; Models, Neurological; N-Methylaspartate; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Neurons; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Recurrence; Taurine | 2006 |
The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle: aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Biological Transport; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Humans | 2006 |
Nicotinic receptors modulate transmitter cross talk in the CNS: nicotinic modulation of transmitters.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Receptor Cross-Talk; Receptors, Nicotinic | 2006 |
Reconstruction and flux analysis of coupling between metabolic pathways of astrocytes and neurons: application to cerebral hypoxia.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypoxia, Brain; Kinetics; Lipids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Neurological; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2007 |
The micro-architecture of the cerebral cortex: functional neuroimaging models and metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Humans; Lactates; Models, Neurological; Models, Statistical; NAD; Oxidative Phosphorylation | 2008 |
Ketosis and brain handling of glutamate, glutamine, and GABA.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Diet, Ketogenic; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketosis | 2008 |
Applications for magnetic resonance imaging in bipolar disorder.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2007 |
Cerebellum-related characteristics of Scn8a-mutant mice.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamine; Humans; Mice; Mice, Mutant Strains; Mutation; NAV1.6 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Purkinje Cells; Sodium Channels; Taurine | 2009 |
The neuronal network responsible for paradoxical sleep and its dysfunctions causing narcolepsy and rapid eye movement (REM) behavior disorder.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cataplexy; Emotions; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Hypothalamus; Medulla Oblongata; Motor Neurons; Muscle Tonus; Narcolepsy; Nerve Net; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neurons; Parkinson Disease; Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus; Pons; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder; Sleep, REM; Wakefulness | 2011 |
Roles of glutamine in neurotransmission.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Models, Biological; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Neurotransmitter Agents; Synaptic Transmission | 2010 |
Is lead exposure in early life an environmental risk factor for Schizophrenia? Neurobiological connections and testable hypotheses.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Apoptosis; Dopamine; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollutants; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene-Environment Interaction; Glutamine; Humans; Lead; Lead Poisoning, Nervous System; Mutation; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology | 2012 |
Imaging central neurochemical alterations in chronic pain with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Analgesics; Brain; Chronic Pain; Drug Discovery; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuroimaging; Precision Medicine | 2012 |
Roles of glutamine synthetase inhibition in epilepsy.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 2012 |
Manganese toxicity in the central nervous system: the glutamine/glutamate-γ-aminobutyric acid cycle.
Topics: Central Nervous System; Dementia; Evidence-Based Medicine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Manganese; Parkinson Disease | 2013 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a probe into the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD): a review.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Choline; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2013 |
Disruption of glutamate-glutamine-GABA cycle significantly impacts on suicidal behaviour: survey of the literature and own findings on glutamine synthetase.
Topics: Brain; Case-Control Studies; Cell Count; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroglia; Schizophrenia; Suicide; Synaptic Transmission | 2013 |
Cerebral effects of ammonia in liver disease: current hypotheses.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Edema; Diffusion; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex; Lactates; Liver Diseases; Mitochondria; Models, Biological; Receptors, GABA; Receptors, Glutamate; Synaptic Transmission | 2014 |
The glutamine-glutamate/GABA cycle: function, regional differences in glutamate and GABA production and effects of interference with GABA metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice | 2015 |
Impairment of glutamine/glutamate-γ-aminobutyric acid cycle in manganese toxicity in the central nervous system.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Central Nervous System; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Manganese; Neurons | 2014 |
Ammonia and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Blood-Brain Barrier; Chronic Disease; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Diseases | 2015 |
Alterations of amino acid metabolism in osteoarthritis: its implications for nutrition and health.
Topics: Arginine; Creatinine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homoarginine; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Immunologic Factors; Inflammation; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Status; Osteoarthritis; Proline; Tryptophan | 2016 |
Measuring neural excitation and inhibition in autism: Different approaches, different findings and different interpretations.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Brain; Electroencephalography; Gamma Rhythm; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetoencephalography; Neural Inhibition; Young Adult | 2016 |
The use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for assessing the effect of diet on cognition.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Cognition; Creatine; Diet; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurotransmitter Agents; Taurine | 2018 |
Body fluid levels of neuroactive amino acids in autism spectrum disorders: a review of the literature.
Topics: Amino Acids; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Body Fluids; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Serine; Taurine; Tryptophan | 2017 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy changes after lithium treatment. Systematic review.
Topics: Antimanic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lithium Compounds; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Treatment Outcome | 2018 |
Poor evidence for putative abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid neurotransmitters in patients with depression versus healthy non-psychiatric individuals: A systematic review and meta-analyses of 23 studies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Male; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Young Adult | 2018 |
Differences in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter levels between depressed patients and healthy controls: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Prefrontal Cortex | 2018 |
Current Practice and New Developments in the Use of In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Assessment of Key Metabolites Implicated in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia | 2018 |
Chronic hyperammonemia alters extracellular glutamate, glutamine and GABA and membrane expression of their transporters in rat cerebellum. Modulation by extracellular cGMP.
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane; Cerebellum; Citrulline; Cyclic GMP; Extracellular Space; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hyperammonemia; Male; Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synaptic Transmission | 2019 |
Feedback adaptation of synaptic excitability via Glu:Na
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Astrocytes; Feedback, Physiological; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamine; Humans; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 2019 |
Brain GABA and glutamate levels across pain conditions: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 1H-MRS studies using the MRS-Q quality assessment tool.
Topics: Chronic Pain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Musculoskeletal Pain; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2020 |
Possibility that the Onset of Autism Spectrum Disorder is Induced by Failure of the Glutamine-Glutamate Cycle.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Brain; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurogenesis; Neuroglia; Neurons; Plant Extracts; Tea | 2021 |
Pathophysiology of Hepatic Encephalopathy.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Diabetes Complications; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Histamine; Humans; Inflammation; Liver Cirrhosis; Manganese; Microglia; Oxidative Stress; Serotonin; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2020 |
Excitatory and inhibitory responses in the brain to experimental pain: A systematic review of MR spectroscopy studies.
Topics: Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pain; Pain Threshold | 2020 |
A meta-analysis of ultra-high field glutamate, glutamine, GABA and glutathione 1HMRS in psychosis: Implications for studies of psychosis risk.
Topics: Adolescent; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Psychotic Disorders | 2020 |
Occipital gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate-glutamine alterations in major depressive disorder: An mrs study and meta-analysis.
Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 2021 |
Brain concentrations of glutamate and GABA in human epilepsy: A review.
Topics: Brain; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 2021 |
Glutamatergic and GABAergic metabolite levels in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis of
Topics: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia | 2022 |
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Associated Changes in Neocortical Metabolites in Major Depression: A Systematic Review.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neocortex; Prefrontal Cortex; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Treatment Outcome | 2022 |
Astrocyte energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Integration of the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Astrocytes; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2022 |
Glial Glutamine Homeostasis in Health and Disease.
Topics: Astrocytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2023 |
Functional MRS studies of GABA and glutamate/Glx - A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2023 |
Milestone Review: Metabolic dynamics of glutamate and GABA mediated neurotransmission - The essential roles of astrocytes.
Topics: Astrocytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Synaptic Transmission | 2023 |
21 trial(s) available for glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Central effects of acamprosate: part 2. Acamprosate modifies the brain in-vivo proton magnetic resonance spectrum in healthy young male volunteers.
Topics: Acamprosate; Adult; Alcohol Deterrents; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Creatine; Cross-Over Studies; Dipeptides; Double-Blind Method; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Taurine | 1998 |
Effects of valproate and other antiepileptic drugs on brain glutamate, glutamine, and GABA in patients with refractory complex partial seizures.
Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Astrocytes; Epilepsy, Complex Partial; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Refractory Period, Electrophysiological; Valproic Acid | 1999 |
Aging alters regional multichemical profile of the human brain: an in vivo 1H-MRS study of young versus middle-aged subjects.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aging; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values | 2001 |
Aging alters the multichemical networking profile of the human brain: an in vivo (1)H-MRS study of young versus middle-aged subjects.
Topics: Adult; Aging; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Net; Organ Specificity | 2001 |
Proton MRS reveals frontal lobe metabolite abnormalities in idiopathic generalized epilepsy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Aspartic Acid; Carnosine; Epilepsy, Generalized; Female; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Protons; Reference Values; Valproic Acid | 2003 |
Lithium and valproic acid treatment effects on brain chemistry in bipolar disorder.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Antimanic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Mapping; Case-Control Studies; Echo-Planar Imaging; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Lithium; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Valproic Acid | 2004 |
High-field MRS study of GABA, glutamate and glutamine in social anxiety disorder: response to treatment with levetiracetam.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anxiety Disorders; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Levetiracetam; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Nootropic Agents; Piracetam | 2008 |
The glutamatergic system and its relation to the clinical effect of therapeutic-sleep deprivation in depression - an MR spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Antidepressive Agents; Choline; Creatine; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Parietal Lobe; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Sex Factors; Sleep Deprivation; Treatment Outcome | 2009 |
A therapeutic dose of zolpidem reduces thalamic GABA in healthy volunteers: a proton MRS study at 4 T.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Brain Chemistry; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Pyridines; Single-Blind Method; Surveys and Questionnaires; Thalamus; Zolpidem | 2009 |
The acute and late CNS glutamine response to benzodiazepine challenge: a pilot pharmacokinetic study using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Aspartic Acid; Benzodiazepines; Brain Mapping; Central Nervous System; Choline; Clonazepam; Creatine; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; GABA Modulators; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Pilot Projects; Protons; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2010 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of brain metabolite changes after antipsychotic treatment.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Fourier Analysis; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neurons; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizophrenia; Thalamus; Young Adult | 2011 |
Excitatory and inhibitory brain metabolites as targets of motor cortex transcranial direct current stimulation therapy and predictors of its efficacy in fibromyalgia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Female; Fibromyalgia; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Pain Measurement; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; Treatment Outcome | 2015 |
Guanidinoacetic acid loading affects plasma γ-aminobutyric acid in healthy men.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Creatine; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Down-Regulation; Fasting; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Male; Pilot Projects; Young Adult | 2015 |
Dietary supplementation with glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid improves growth performance and serum parameters in 22- to 35-day-old broilers exposed to hot environment.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Proteins; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heat Stress Disorders; Hormones; Hot Temperature; Male; Poultry Diseases; Triglycerides | 2016 |
In vivo effects of ketamine on glutamate-glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Proof of concept.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketamine; Male; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Treatment Outcome | 2015 |
Supplementation of antipsychotic treatment with sarcosine – GlyT1 inhibitor – causes changes of glutamatergic (1)NMR spectroscopy parameters in the left hippocampus in patients with stable schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Double-Blind Method; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Hippocampus; Humans; Inositol; Male; Middle Aged; Sarcosine; Schizophrenia; Young Adult | 2015 |
Online Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Real Time on Human Prefrontal and Striatal Metabolites.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; Double-Blind Method; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; Young Adult | 2016 |
Targeted transcranial theta-burst stimulation alters fronto-insular network and prefrontal GABA.
Topics: Adult; Cerebral Cortex; GABAergic Neurons; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Prefrontal Cortex; Single-Blind Method; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Young Adult | 2017 |
Intralipid/Heparin Infusion Alters Brain Metabolites Assessed With 1H-MRS Spectroscopy in Young Healthy Men.
Topics: Adult; Anticoagulants; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Emulsions; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Healthy Volunteers; Heparin; Hippocampus; Humans; Inositol; Male; Phospholipids; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Soybean Oil | 2018 |
Adjunctive High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Brain Glutamate-Glutamine and γ-Aminobutyric Acid, Withdrawal and Craving During Early Abstinence Among Patients With Opioid Use Disorder on Buprenorphine-Naloxone: A Proton Magnetic Re
Topics: Brain; Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination; Craving; Double-Blind Method; Electroconvulsive Therapy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Humans; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pilot Projects; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation | 2022 |
The longitudinal influence of tDCS on occipital GABA and glutamate/glutamine levels in episodic migraineurs.
Topics: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Single-Blind Method; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation | 2023 |
740 other study(ies) available for glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Mice; Molecular Structure; Neoplasms; Neurons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Sensitivity and Specificity; Stem Cells | 2007 |
Putative neurotransmitters of the avian visual pathway.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Chick Embryo; Chickens; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Optic Nerve; Serotonin; Tectum Mesencephali; Visual Pathways | 1977 |
On the site of origin of transmitter amino acids released by depolarization of nerve terminals in vitro.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Nerve Endings; Neurotransmitter Agents; Potassium; Rats; Synapses; Synaptic Vesicles; Synaptosomes; Veratrine | 1977 |
Psychic dependence? A different formulation of the problem with a view to the reorientation of therapy for chronic drug addiction.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Depression; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Motivation; Neurotransmitter Agents; Substance-Related Disorders | 1977 |
Glutamic acid as a possible central neurotransmitter.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Nerve Endings; Neurotransmitter Agents | 1977 |
Some factors influencing the neurotoxicity of intrastriatal injections of kainic acid.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Belladonna Alkaloids; Cerebral Cortex; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Corpus Striatum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamine; Injections; Kainic Acid; Male; Monoamine Oxidase; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pyrrolidines; Rats | 1978 |
The effects of surgical and chemical lesions on neurotransmitter candidates in the nucleus accumbens of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Mapping; Carboxy-Lyases; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Neural Pathways; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nucleus Accumbens; Rats; Septal Nuclei | 1979 |
Effect of thiamine deficiency on levels of putative amino acid transmitters in affected regions of the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Mesencephalon; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Taurine; Thiamine Deficiency | 1979 |
Effect of chronic bulbectomy on the depth distribution of amino acid transmitter candidates in rat olfactory cortex.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Denervation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Interneurons; Nerve Degeneration; Neurotransmitter Agents; Olfactory Bulb; Olfactory Pathways; Rats; Taurine | 1979 |
Neuronal-glial contributions to transmitter amino acid metabolism: studies with kainic acid-induced lesions of rat striatum.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Kainic Acid; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pyrrolidines; Rats | 1979 |
Transmitter metabolizing enzymes and free amino acid levels in sensory and motor nerves and ganglia of the shore crab (Carcinus maenas).
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acetyltransferases; Amino Acids; Animals; Axonal Transport; Brachyura; Carboxy-Lyases; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Motor Neurons; Muscles; Peripheral Nerves | 1976 |
Organic acids in the brain in hypoxemia.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hypoxia; Ketoglutaric Acids; Lactates; Rats | 1976 |
Chronic metabolic effects of ammonia in mouse brain.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamine; Mice; Nerve Tissue Proteins; RNA; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Tyrosine Transaminase | 1979 |
Effect of amino-oxyacetic acid (AOAA) on focal penicillin seizures.
Topics: Acetates; Alanine; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsies, Partial; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Penicillins; Pyruvates; Rats; Seizures; Time Factors; Transaminases | 1978 |
[Free amino acid pool in the brain of inbred strains of mice with different learning aptitudes].
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Isoleucine; Leucine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Serine; Taurine | 1977 |
The influence of sodium, potassium and lanthanum on amino acid release from spinal-medullary synaptosomes.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Depression, Chemical; Electric Stimulation; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Hydroxymercuribenzoates; Lactates; Lanthanum; Medulla Oblongata; Ouabain; Potassium; Rats; Serine; Sodium; Spinal Cord; Stimulation, Chemical; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptosomes | 1975 |
Neurochemical aspects of post-tetanic potentiation of monosynaptic reflexes in the cat spinal cord. I. Analysis of amino acids at maximum of potentiation.
Topics: Action Potentials; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Isoleucine; Leucine; Male; Motor Neurons; Muscle Contraction; Reflex, Monosynaptic; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 1975 |
The uptake of L-glutamate by the retina.
Topics: 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Autoradiography; Dinitrophenols; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Iodoacetates; Kinetics; Neuroglia; Ouabain; Rats; Retina; Sodium; Temperature | 1976 |
The formation of peptido-amines from constituent amino acids and histamine in hypothalamic tissue.
Topics: Alanine; Amines; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Cyclic AMP; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Haplorhini; Histamine; Hypothalamus; Mice; Peptide Biosynthesis; Serine; Swine | 1976 |
The release of endogenous amino acids from the rat visual cortex.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cortical Spreading Depression; Electric Stimulation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Potassium; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Synaptic Transmission; Taurine; Visual Cortex | 1976 |
Compartmentation of amino acid metabolism in the rat dorsal root ganglion; a metabolic and autoradiographic study.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Autoradiography; Carbon Radioisotopes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia, Spinal; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Rats; Spinal Nerve Roots | 1975 |
Amino acid composition of cerebrospinal fluid in actue neuroinfections in children.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Amino Acids; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Encephalitis; Enterovirus Infections; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Infant; Male; Meningitis; Meningitis, Viral; Mumps; Penicillins; Prednisolone | 1975 |
Metabolism of ethanol and acetaldehyde by the isolated perfused rat brain.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Acetates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Ethanol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Male; Perfusion; Rats; Time Factors | 1975 |
A dansylation microassay for some amino acids in brain.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Autoanalysis; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dansyl Compounds; Evaluation Studies as Topic; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Indicators and Reagents; Methods; Microchemistry; Taurine | 1975 |
The utilization of glutamine by the retina: an autoradiographic and metabolic study.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Cats; Columbidae; Dogs; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Rana temporaria; Rats; Retina; Species Specificity | 1978 |
The release of endogenous amino acids from the rat visual cortex by calcium ions in the presence of the calcium ionophores X537A and A23187.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aspartic Acid; Calcimycin; Calcium; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Lasalocid; Rats; Taurine; Visual Cortex | 1977 |
[Psychological dependence? A possible different formulation of the problem for a therapeutic rearrangement in chronic drug addictions].
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Piracetam; Substance-Related Disorders; Valproic Acid | 1977 |
Glutamine uptake and metabolism by the isolated toad brain: evidence pertaining to its proposed role as a transmitter precursor.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Bufo marinus; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycerol; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Potassium; Sodium | 1977 |
The formation of glutamate, aspartate and GABA in the rat retina; glucose and glutamine as precursors.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Rats; Retina | 1979 |
Spontaneous and potassium-evoked release of 3H-GABA newly synthesized from 3H-glutamine in slices of the rat substantia nigra.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Male; Potassium; Rats; Substantia Nigra; Tetrodotoxin | 1979 |
Regulatory interrelations between GABA and polyamines. II. Effect of GABA on ornithine decarboxylase and putrescine levels in cell culture.
Topics: Aminocaproates; Animals; Asparagine; Carboxy-Lyases; Cells, Cultured; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Ornithine Decarboxylase; Polyamines; Putrescine; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical | 1979 |
Glutamate release in vitro from corticostriatal terminals.
Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Perfusion; Rats; Visual Cortex | 1979 |
Amino acid changes in thiamine-deficient encephalopathy: some implications for the pathogenesis of Friedreich's ataxia.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Diseases; Friedreich Ataxia; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Pyrithiamine; Rats; Retina; Spinal Cord; Taurine; Thiamine Deficiency | 1979 |
Glial and neuronal uptake of GABA, glutamic acid, glutamine and glutathione in the rabbit retina.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Autoradiography; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glutathione; In Vitro Techniques; Neuroglia; Neurons; Rabbits; Retina | 1977 |
Concentrations of glutamic acid in cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei of normal mice and Weaver, Staggerer and nervous mutants.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebellar Cortex; Cerebellar Diseases; Cerebellar Nuclei; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mutation; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Purkinje Cells; Serine; Taurine | 1978 |
Influence of hyperoxia (1 ATA) on mouse brain GABA, glutamate, and glutamine.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Atmospheric Pressure; Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Mice; Oxygen | 1978 |
[Recovery after complete cerebral ischemia: free amino acid levels in the brain tissue during and after complete cerebral ischemia (author's transl)].
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Cats; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Ischemic Attack, Transient | 1978 |
Dual actions of some amino acids on spike discharges in the carp retina.
Topics: Action Potentials; Alanine; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carps; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Neural Inhibition; Photic Stimulation; Photoreceptor Cells; Retina | 1978 |
Influence of taurine dosage on cobalt epilepsy in mice.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Cobalt; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Mice; Seizures; Taurine | 1978 |
[Effect of Ca2+ and gamma-aminobutyric acid on glutamate and glutamine oxidation by rat brain synaptosomes].
Topics: Animals; Brain; Calcium; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamates; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Synaptosomes | 1978 |
Glutamate-gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism in cerebral cortex of rat in leptazol-induced convulsions.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamine; Male; Pentylenetetrazole; Rats; Seizures | 1978 |
The metabolism of GABA and other amino acids in rat substantia nigra slices following lesions of the striato-nigral pathway.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Rats; Substantia Nigra | 1979 |
Characteristics of glutamine vs glutamate transport in isolated glia and synaptosomes.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Kinetics; Neuroglia; Neurons; Rabbits; Synaptosomes | 1979 |
A comparison of gama-aminobutyric acid metabolism in neurones versus glial cells using intact isolated retinae.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cats; Columbidae; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Neuroglia; Neurons; Rats; Retina; Species Specificity | 1977 |
Compartmentation of amino acid metabolism in small slices of rat spinal cord and cerebral cortex.
Topics: Acetates; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Rats; Spinal Cord | 1977 |
[Role of cerebral nitrogen metabolism in the mechanisms of the therapeutic action of oxygen under elevated pressure in hemorrhagic shock].
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Cats; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Limbic System; Motor Cortex; Nitrogen; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Somatosensory Cortex; Urea | 1977 |
Intracellular amino acid content of neuronal, glial, and non-neural cell cultures: the relationship to glutamic acid compartmentation.
Topics: Amino Acids; Cell Line; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Neuroglia; Neurons | 1977 |
The distribution of amino acids within the rat retina.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Kinetics; Organ Specificity; Photoreceptor Cells; Rats; Retina; Taurine | 1977 |
Metabolism of glutamic acid and related amino acids in the brain studied with 14C-labelled glucose, butyric acid and glutamic acid in hypercapnic rats.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Butyrates; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hypercapnia; Male; Rats; Time Factors | 1977 |
Brain amino acids in conscious rats in chronic normocapnic and hypocapnic hypoxemia.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Dioxide; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hypoxia; Ketoglutaric Acids; Lactates; Rats | 1977 |
[Effect of succinic semialdehyde on nitrogen metabolism of animal brain tissue during hypoxia].
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hypoxia; Mice; Succinates | 1976 |
Formation of glutamate and GABA in epileptogenic tissue from human hippocampus in vitro.
Topics: Acetates; Aminobutyrates; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Neuroglia; Neurons | 1976 |
[Glucose metabolism in different regions of the rat brain under hypokinetic stress influence].
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebellar Cortex; Cerebral Cortex; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hypothalamus; Lactates; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Mesencephalon; Movement; Olfactory Bulb; Parietal Lobe; Pons; Rats; Stress, Physiological; Thalamus | 1976 |
Electrogenic effects of neutral amino acids on neurons of Aplysia californica.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Calcium; Cyanides; Dinitrophenols; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia; Glutamates; Glutamine; Histidine; Kinetics; Leucine; Membrane Potentials; Mollusca; Neural Conduction; Ouabain; Potassium; Sodium; Stereoisomerism; Temperature | 1976 |
A comparative study of the utilization of glucose, acetate, glutamine and GABA as precursors of amino acids by retinal of the rat, frog, rabbit and pigeon.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Radioisotopes; Columbidae; Extracellular Space; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Rabbits; Rana pipiens; Rats; Retina | 1975 |
Effect of light stimulation on the synthesis and release of GABA in rat and frog retinae.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Anura; Aspartic Acid; Electromagnetic Fields; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Male; Photic Stimulation; Potassium; Rana pipiens; Rats; Retina | 1975 |
Uptake and metabolism of glutamate by isolated toad brains containing different levels of endogenous amino acids.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Brain; Bufonidae; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Kinetics; Osmolar Concentration; Serine; Time Factors | 1975 |
[The effect of cooling in a changing gaseous milieu on the ammonia forming and binding systems of the brain].
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Alanine; Amides; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Cold Temperature; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Male; Oxygen; Rats; Respiration | 1975 |
Effects of metabolic inhibitors on amino acid metabolism in rat retina: a comparison of amino-oxyacetic acid and ethanolamine-o-sulphate.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Ethanolamines; Female; Fluoroacetates; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Male; Malonates; Ouabain; Rats; Retina; Sulfuric Acids | 1975 |
Effect of x-irradiation of the biochemical maturation of rat cerebellum: metabolism of [14C]glucose and [14-C]acetate.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamine; Radiation Effects; Rats; X-Rays | 1975 |
A method for the isolation and estimation of GABA glutamate and glutamine from complex mixtures by a combination of enzymic interconversion and formation of 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulphonylbutyrolactam.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dansyl Compounds; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamine; Lactams; Methods; Rats; Spectrometry, Fluorescence | 1975 |
Biochemical and morphological studies of the short and long term survival of isolated nerve-endings.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Culture Techniques; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Kinetics; Lactates; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Endings; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Potassium; Rats; Serine; Synaptosomes; Time Factors | 1975 |
Effects of salt and water loading on carbohydrate and energy metabolism and levels of selected amino acids in the brains of young mice.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Brain; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Mice; Proteins; Sodium Chloride; Water Deprivation; Water Intoxication; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1975 |
D-beta-Hydrozybutyrate: a major precursor of amino acids in developing rat brain.
Topics: Age Factors; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hydroxybutyrates; Lactates; Male; Rats; Time Factors | 1975 |
Carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in rat cerebral cortex in moderate and extreme hypercapnia.
Topics: Acute Disease; Alanine; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Anesthesia, General; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; Fructosephosphates; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucosephosphates; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Hypercapnia; Lactates; Male; Pyruvates; Rats | 1975 |
The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in brain during acute and chronic ethanol intoxication.
Topics: 1-Propanol; 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Acute Disease; Alcoholic Intoxication; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Brain; Butanols; Chronic Disease; Ethanol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamine; Humans; Kidney; Liver; Male; Methanol; Methods; Pentanols; Rats; Swine | 1975 |
Computer simulation of the metabolism of guinea pig brain slices, and how they differ from the intact brain.
Topics: Acetates; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; Computers; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Ketoglutaric Acids; Models, Biological; Succinates | 1975 |
The formation of glutamine in mouse brain: effect of amino-oxyacetic acid and ammonia.
Topics: Acetates; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Mice | 1975 |
Efflux from isolated rat retina of amino acids formed from different substrates.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Rats; Retina; Time Factors | 1975 |
[The effect of hypothermia on the dynamics of cerebral nitrogenous metabolites in cold-adapted rats].
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cold Temperature; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hypothermia, Induced; Male; Nitrogen; Rats | 1976 |
The cortical lesion of Huntington's disease: further neurochemical characterization, and reproduction of some of the histological and neurochemical features by N-methyl-D-aspartate lesions of rat cortex.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Cholecystokinin; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Huntington Disease; Male; Middle Aged; N-Methylaspartate; Neurochemistry; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Somatostatin; Substance P | 1992 |
Brain amino acid concentrations during specific electroencephalographic stages of status epilepticus in the rat.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Status Epilepticus; Synaptic Transmission | 1992 |
Dynorphin increases extracellular levels of excitatory amino acids in the brain through a non-opioid mechanism.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Dialysis; Dynorphins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Kinetics; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Peptide Fragments; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Serine; Stereotaxic Techniques; Taurine; Threonine | 1992 |
Neuroactive amino acids in organotypic slice cultures of the rat hippocampus: an immunocytochemical study of the distribution of GABA, glutamate, glutamine and taurine.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Dendrites; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Immunohistochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Fibers; Organ Culture Techniques; Pyramidal Tracts; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taurine; Time Factors | 1992 |
Localized 1H NMR spectra of glutamate in the human brain.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 1992 |
Concomitant increases in the extracellular concentrations of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in the rat hippocampus during forebrain ischemia.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cell Death; Consciousness; Ethanolamines; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Male; Neurotoxins; Prosencephalon; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taurine | 1992 |
Dynamic observation of dopamine autoreceptor effects in rat striatal slices.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Caudate Nucleus; Dopamine; Dopamine Agents; Electric Stimulation; Ergolines; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Male; Picrotoxin; Quinpirole; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Dopamine; Sulpiride; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors | 1992 |
Short echo time proton spectroscopy of human brain using a gradient head coil.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Cerebellum; Choline; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mesencephalon; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine; Taurine; Temporal Lobe | 1992 |
Reversal by 3,3',5-triido-L-thyronine of the working memory deficit, and the decrease in acetylcholine, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid induced by ethylcholine aziridinium ion in mice.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Aziridines; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Choline; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hippocampus; Male; Memory; Memory Disorders; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Neurotransmitter Agents; Taurine; Triiodothyronine | 1992 |
Limbic seizure-induced changes in extracellular amino acid levels in the hippocampal formation: a microdialysis study of freely moving rats.
Topics: Amino Acids; Amygdala; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Mapping; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dialysis; Extracellular Space; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Kainic Acid; Limbic System; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Serine; Synaptic Transmission | 1992 |
Selective inhibition of glial cell metabolism in vivo by fluorocitrate.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Radioisotopes; Citrates; Corpus Striatum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Male; Neuroglia; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; Stereotaxic Techniques | 1992 |
Characterization of serine's inhibitory action on neurons in the mudpuppy retina.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Bicuculline; Calcium; Cobalt; Darkness; Electric Conductivity; Evoked Potentials, Visual; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Potentials; Necturus; Photic Stimulation; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Serine; Strychnine; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 1991 |
Excitatory and inhibitory amino acid changes in ischemic brain regions in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Hypertension; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Septum Pellucidum; Taurine | 1991 |
GABA and glutamate interact in the substantia innominata/lateral preoptic area to modulate locomotor activity.
Topics: 2-Aminoadipic Acid; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ibotenic Acid; Male; Motor Activity; Muscimol; N-Methylaspartate; Picrotoxin; Preoptic Area; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter | 1991 |
Assignment of resonance in the 1H spectrum of rat brain by two-dimensional shift correlated and J-resolved NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Creatine; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Female; Fourier Analysis; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen; Inositol; Lactates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taurine; Threonine | 1991 |
An electron microscopic, immunogold analysis of glutamate and glutamine in terminals of rat spinocerebellar fibers.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Antibody Specificity; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord; Subcellular Fractions; tau Proteins | 1991 |
Changes in free amino acid concentrations in serum, brain, and CSF throughout embryogenesis.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Chick Embryo; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Optic Lobe, Nonmammalian; tau Proteins; Time Factors | 1991 |
Coupling effects in volume selective 1H spectroscopy of major brain metabolites.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 1991 |
Brain amino acid reductions in one family with chromosome 6p-linked dominantly inherited olivopontocerebellar atrophy.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6; Ethanolamines; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Genes, Dominant; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Middle Aged; Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies; Taurine | 1991 |
Differential effects of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors on spinal cord cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Fibroblast Growth Factor 1; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Neurons; Spinal Cord | 1991 |
In vivo release of newly synthesized [3H]GABA in the substantia nigra of the rat: relative contribution of GABA striato-pallido-nigral afferents and nigral GABA neurons.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Bicuculline; Calcium; Corpus Striatum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Globus Pallidus; Glutamine; Glycine; Kainic Acid; Ketamine; Male; Nerve Endings; Neurons; Neurons, Afferent; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Stereotaxic Techniques; Substantia Nigra | 1991 |
Temporary impairment of Müller cell metabolism in the rat retina by intravitreal injection of fluorocitrate.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Citrates; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Neuroglia; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Retina; Time Factors | 1991 |
GABA synthesis in brain slices is dependent on glutamine produced in astrocytes.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Diazooxonorleucine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Kinetics; Methionine Sulfoximine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1991 |
Depolarization and synaptosomal glutamine utilization.
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Brain; Cell Fractionation; Centrifugation, Zonal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Ibotenic Acid; Male; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes; Veratridine | 1991 |
First direct demonstration of preferential release of citrate from astrocytes using [13C]NMR spectroscopy of cultured neurons and astrocytes.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Citrates; Citric Acid Cycle; Female; Fourier Analysis; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Lactates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Neurons; Pregnancy | 1991 |
Plasma GABA-like activity in rats with hepatic encephalopathy is due to GABA and taurine.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, GABA-A; Taurine; Tyrosine | 1990 |
Cerebral metabolism of acetate and glucose studied by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. A technique for investigating metabolic compartmentation in the brain.
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male | 1990 |
Stimulation of synaptosomal gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis by glutamate and glutamine.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Culture Media; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes | 1990 |
Brain amino acid concentration changes during status epilepticus induced by lithium and pilocarpine.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Electroencephalography; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lithium; Male; Pilocarpine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Status Epilepticus; Tissue Distribution | 1990 |
Isolation-induced changes in radioligand binding to benzodiazepine binding sites.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Kinetics; Male; Models, Biological; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, GABA-A; Social Isolation; Software | 1990 |
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of selected amino acids in rat brain by precolumn derivatization with phenylisothiocyanate.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Isothiocyanates; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Serine; Thiocyanates | 1990 |
Cerebral metabolism of [1,2-13C2]acetate as detected by in vivo and in vitro 13C NMR.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inositol; Isotope Labeling; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Biological; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1990 |
Amino acid neurotransmitter alterations in three sublines of Rb mice differing by their susceptibility to audiogenic seizures.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Mice; Mice, Mutant Strains; Neurotransmitter Agents; Seizures; Taurine; Temporal Lobe; Tissue Distribution | 1990 |
Rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of gamma-aminobutyric acid and some other amino acids: application to rat brain.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Rats | 1990 |
L-methionine-DL-sulfoximine induces massive efflux of glutamine from cortical astrocytes in primary culture.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Bucladesine; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Methionine Sulfoximine; Rats | 1990 |
Cerebral glutamine metabolism: study of modulatory effects of glutamine on gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic neurotransmission.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Chlorides; Flunitrazepam; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, GABA-A; Synaptosomes | 1989 |
Activation of the bilateral corticostriatal glutamatergic projection by infusion of GABA into thalamic motor nuclei in the cat: an in vivo release study.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Amino Acids; Animals; Cats; Caudate Nucleus; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Injections; Male; Synaptic Transmission; Thalamic Nuclei; Valine | 1989 |
Effect of impact trauma on neurotransmitter and nonneurotransmitter amino acids in rat spinal cord.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Kinetics; Laminectomy; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Serine; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries; Taurine; Threonine | 1989 |
Effect of omega-conotoxin GVIA on release of 3H-gamma-aminobutyric acid from slices of rat neostriatum.
Topics: Animals; Caudate Nucleus; Cysteamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mollusk Venoms; omega-Conotoxin GVIA; Potassium; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Somatostatin; Tetrodotoxin | 1989 |
Glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate as metabolic precursors of the transmitter pools of glutamate and GABA: correlation of regional uptake by rat brain synaptosomes.
Topics: Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes | 1989 |
Regional concentrations of transmitter amino acids after spinal cord ischaemia in the rabbit.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Ischemia; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Oxidation-Reduction; Rabbits; Spinal Cord; Time Factors | 1989 |
Changes in the activity of glutamate related enzymes in cerebral cortex, during insulin-induced seizures.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Glucose; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Insulin; Male; Picrotoxin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures | 1989 |
Quantitative distribution of six amino acids in rat retinal layers.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Retina; Taurine | 1989 |
GABA turnover in the brain of rat lines developed for differential ethanol-induced motor impairment.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Drug Tolerance; Ethanol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Male; Motor Activity; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Species Specificity; Taurine | 1989 |
Hormone mediated changes of brain glutamic acid system in amino acid imbalance.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hormones; Male; Rats; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroxine | 1989 |
Changes with aging in the levels of amino acids in rat CNS structural elements. I. Glutamate and related amino acids.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Mapping; Brain Stem; Cerebellar Cortex; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hypothalamus; Limbic System; Male; Rats | 1989 |
Effect of glutamine on glutamate release from hippocampal slices induced by high K+ or by electrical stimulation: interaction with different Ca2+ concentrations.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Calcium; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
Effects of two convulsant beta-carboline derivatives, DMCM and beta-CCM, on regional neurotransmitter amino acid levels and on in vitro D-[3H]aspartate release in rodents.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Carbolines; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Convulsants; Corpus Striatum; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Indoles; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred DBA; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures | 1985 |
Relationship between central nervous system hydrogen ion regulation and amino acid metabolism in hypercapnia, II.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Amino Acids; Animals; Bicarbonates; Brain; Dogs; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypercapnia; Medulla Oblongata; Neurotransmitter Agents | 1985 |
Maternal undernutrition during lactation: effect on amino acids in brain regions of offspring.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Body Weight; Brain Chemistry; Corpus Striatum; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hippocampus; Hypothalamus; Lactation; Nutrition Disorders; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Serine; Taurine | 1985 |
Aspartate metabolism in rats during aging.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
Acute and short-term effects of lithium on glutamate metabolism in rat brain.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Stem; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Lithium; Rats | 1986 |
Differential changes in the content of amino acid neurotransmitters in discrete regions of the rat brain prior to the onset and during the course of homocysteine-induced seizures.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Homocysteine; Hypothalamus; Inferior Colliculi; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Serine; Substantia Nigra; Taurine; Tissue Distribution | 1986 |
The alterations of rat brain GABA and glutamine induced by the organophosphorus compound cyolane.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Insecticides; Kinetics; Male; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Time Factors | 1986 |
Metabolism and transport of amino acids studied by immunocytochemistry.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport, Active; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Histocytochemistry; Immunochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Rats; Taurine | 1986 |
Anticonflict properties of the dipeptide Litoralon and of diazepam in rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Conflict, Psychological; Depression, Chemical; Diazepam; Ethanolamines; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Promethazine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reaction Time; Taurine | 1986 |
Excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters in the corticostriate pathway: studies using intracerebral microdialysis in vivo.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Dialysis; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Taurine; Threonine | 1986 |
Effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on the concentrations of glutamate and related amino acids and energy metabolites in the intact and decorticated rat neostriatum.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Electroencephalography; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1986 |
Brain amino acid abnormalities in pyruvate carboxylase deficiency.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Amino Acids; Brain; Canada; Child, Preschool; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Indians, North American; Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency Disease | 1985 |
Cellular origins of endogenous amino acids released into the extracellular fluid of the rat striatum during severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Denervation; Ethanolamines; Extracellular Space; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Kainic Acid; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taurine | 1987 |
Subchronic haloperidol and sulpiride treatment induces region-specific changes in tissue levels of putative amino acid transmitters in rat brain.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Haloperidol; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sulpiride | 1987 |
Brain ammonia metabolism in hexachlorophene-induced encephalopathy.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Encephalitis; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hexachlorophene; Male; Mice | 1987 |
Amino acid changes in autopsied brain tissue from cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Aged; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged | 1987 |
Arachidonic acid inhibits uptake of glutamate and glutamine but not of GABA in cultured cerebellar granule cells.
Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Arachidonic Acids; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Determination of delta-aminobutyric acid and other amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid of pediatric patients by reversed-phase liquid chromatography.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Myelography; Neurotransmitter Agents; Reference Standards | 1987 |
Glutamate transport in large muscle fibres of Balanus nubilus.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Binding, Competitive; Biological Transport; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cysteic Acid; Diffusion; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Muscles; Sodium; Thoracica | 1988 |
Stimulation of the perforant path alters hippocampal levels of opioid peptides, glutamine and GABA.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Dynorphins; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalin, Methionine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Male; Peptide Fragments; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Stereotyped Behavior | 1987 |
Regulation of transmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis and metabolism illustrated by the effect of gamma-vinyl GABA and hypoglycemia.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Aminocaproates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoglycemia; Male; Postmortem Changes; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vigabatrin | 1988 |
Determination of amino acids in different regions of the rat brain. Application to the acute effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and trimethyltin (TMT).
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dronabinol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Quality Control; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taurine; Tissue Distribution; Trialkyltin Compounds; Trimethyltin Compounds | 1988 |
Evaluation of amino acid neurotransmitters, related compounds, and precursors in dystonia.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Analysis of Variance; Carnosine; Dystonia; Ethanolamine; Ethanolamines; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents | 1988 |
The effect of fluorocitrate on transmitter amino acid release from rat striatal slices.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Citrates; Corpus Striatum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Neuroglia; Neurotransmitter Agents; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1988 |
Importance of glutamine for gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis in rat neostriatum in vivo.
Topics: Aminocaproates; Animals; Citrates; Citric Acid Cycle; Corpus Striatum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamine; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Neuroglia; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vigabatrin | 1988 |
Amino acid neurotransmitter levels in gliomas and their relationship to the incidence of epilepsy.
Topics: Amino Acids; Brain Neoplasms; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glioma; Glutamine; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents | 1988 |
Central respiratory effects of glutamine synthesis inhibition in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Chemoreceptor Cells; Dogs; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Models, Biological; Neurotransmitter Agents; Respiration | 1988 |
Effects of pharmacological manipulations on basal and newly synthesized levels of GABA, glutamate, aspartate and glutamine in mouse brain cortex.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice; N-Methylaspartate; Valproic Acid | 1988 |
The effect of an uptake inhibitor (dihydrokainate) on endogenous excitatory amino acids in the lamprey spinal cord as revealed by microdialysis.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Lampreys; Neurotransmitter Agents; Reference Values; Spinal Cord | 1988 |
GABA and serotonin (5-HT) pattern in the supraependymal fibers of the rat epithalamus: combined radioautographic and immunocytochemical studies. Effect of 5-HT content on [3H]GABA accumulation.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Diencephalon; Female; Fenclonine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Histocytochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Pargyline; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Serotonin; Tritium | 1986 |
Reduction of susceptibility to upper respiratory tract infections in Down syndrome children following treatment with GABAergic drugs: report of 70 cases.
Topics: Benzodiazepines; Child; Disease Susceptibility; Down Syndrome; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Pyridoxine; Respiratory Tract Infections | 1987 |
Electrophysiological studies on the specificity of the cholecystokinin antagonist proglumide.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Apomorphine; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Cholecystokinin; Dopamine; Enkephalin, Methionine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Male; Neurotensin; Proglumide; Rats; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Sodium Glutamate; Substantia Nigra | 1987 |
Effect of sodium valproate (VPA) on cerebral amino acids: mechanism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) elevation and possible causal relation of VPA-induced encephalopathy and glutamine level.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Brain Diseases; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Valproic Acid | 1988 |
In vivo brain dialysis of amino acids and simultaneous EEG measurements following intrahippocampal quinolinic acid injection: evidence for a dissociation between neurochemical changes and seizures.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Dialysis; Electroencephalography; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hippocampus; Humans; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Niacin; Pyridines; Quinolinic Acid; Quinolinic Acids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Taurine | 1985 |
Metabolic alterations in fiber layers of the CA 1 region of the gerbil hippocampus following short-term ischemia: high-energy phosphates, glucose-related metabolites, and amino acids.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gerbillinae; Glucose; Glutamine; Glycogen; Hippocampus; Nerve Fibers; Neurons; Phosphates | 1988 |
L-glutamic acid, a neurotrophic factor for maintenance of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in the preganglionically denervated superior cervical ganglion of the cat.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cats; Cholinesterases; Denervation; Drug Synergism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid | 1986 |
Involvement of cortico-striatal "glutamatergic" neurons in the presynaptic control of dopamine release in the cat caudate nucleus.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Caudate Nucleus; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Neurons; Thalamus | 1986 |
Determination of 4-aminobutyric acid, aspartate, glutamate and glutamine and their 13C stable-isotopic enrichment in brain tissue by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Isotopes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamates; Glutamine; Male; Mice | 1987 |
Free amino acids in the pre-retinal vitreous space. Effect of high potassium and nipecotic acid.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Ethanolamines; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Male; Nipecotic Acids; Potassium Chloride; Rabbits; Taurine; Time Factors; Valine; Vitreous Body | 1987 |
Hemidecortication selectively alters release of glutamate in perfusates collected from cerebral cortex of unrestrained rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebral Decortication; Corpus Callosum; Dominance, Cerebral; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Male; Neural Pathways; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Gamma-L-glutamyl-taurine (Litoralon) affects conditioned taste aversion in rats.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Conditioning, Psychological; Diazepam; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taste; Taurine; Time Factors | 1986 |
Effects of KCl-induced depolarization on the GABA concentration in the corpus striatum and in the substantia nigra.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Alkynes; Aminocaproates; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Male; Potassium Chloride; Pyridoxine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substantia Nigra | 1986 |
Effect of alpha-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate on the release of endogenous glutamate and aspartate from cortical synaptosomes of epileptic rats.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Aspartic Acid; Cobalt; Epilepsies, Partial; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Motor Cortex; Phenylalanine; Rats; Synaptosomes; Valine | 1985 |
Effect of adrenalectomy on gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations in the central nervous system.
Topics: Adrenalectomy; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamine; Liver; Male; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Rats | 1986 |
Aminobutyric acid greatly increases the in vivo extracellular taurine in the rat hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taurine; Time Factors | 1985 |
Proceedings: Ammonia and amino acids in the brain of the rat with chronic hepatic failure.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Chronic Disease; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Rats | 1974 |
[Nitrogen and carbohydrate-phosphate metabolism in the brain of warm-blooded animals during hypothermia and hibernation].
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cold Temperature; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hibernation; Lactates; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Sciuridae; Urea | 1972 |
[Relation between gamma-aminobutyric acid and tyrosine metabolism and changes in the brain and liver amino acid content in intact and adrenalectomized rats].
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Alanine; Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Liver; Lysine; Male; Rats; Serine; Stimulation, Chemical; Threonine; Tyrosine | 1972 |
Effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on free amino acids in brain.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Cannabis; Cerebral Cortex; Dronabinol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hypothalamus; Medulla Oblongata; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1974 |
Evidence for the compartmentation of glutamate metabolism in isolated rat retina.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Bicarbonates; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chromatography, Paper; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hydroxylamines; Leucine; Male; Ouabain; Rats; Retina; Serine; Time Factors | 1974 |
Factors affecting the biochemical maturation of the brain. Effect of undernutrition during early life.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Female; Fetal Diseases; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Mitosis; Nutrition Disorders; Pregnancy; Rats | 1973 |
Influence of complete ischemia on glycolytic metabolites, citric acid cycle intermediates, and associated amino acids in the rat cerebral cortex.
Topics: Acetone; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Citrates; Citric Acid Cycle; Fructosephosphates; Fumarates; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycerophosphates; Ischemia; Ketoglutaric Acids; Malates; Male; Methods; Phosphates; Rats; Succinates | 1974 |
Biosynthesis of free amino acids in the brain of Jimpy mice.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Autoanalysis; Brain; Brain Diseases; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Paper; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dansyl Compounds; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glucose Oxidase; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glutathione; Glycine; Kinetics; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Myelin Sheath; Species Specificity; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Time Factors | 1974 |
Depolarizing actions of gamma-aminobutyric acid and related compounds on rat superior cervical ganglia in vitro.
Topics: Alanine; Aminobutyrates; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Animals; Carbachol; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia, Autonomic; Glutamine; Glycine; Hexamethonium Compounds; Hydroxybutyrates; Isoquinolines; Male; Membrane Potentials; Picrotoxin; Rats; Receptors, Cholinergic; Scopolamine; Strychnine; Sulfonic Acids; Sympathetic Nervous System; Taurine | 1974 |
Changes in carbohydrate substrates, amino acids and ammonia in the brain during insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Blood Glucose; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; Electroencephalography; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucosephosphates; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycogen; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Lactates; Pyruvates; Rats; Time Factors | 1974 |
The effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid on brain mitochondrial ATP synthesis.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Liver; Malates; Mitochondria; Organ Specificity; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Pyruvates; Rats; Time Factors | 1974 |
Uptake and release of possible false transmitter amino acids by rat brain tissue.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aminolevulinic Acid; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Chromatography, Paper; Dinitrophenols; Electric Stimulation; Electrophoresis, Paper; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Kinetics; Male; Methionine; Mitochondria; Ouabain; Potassium; Rats; Sodium; Subcellular Fractions; Sympatholytics; Synaptosomes; Temperature; Tritium | 1974 |
Effects of enucleation and intra-ocular colchicine on the amino acids of frog optic tectum.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Radioisotopes; Colchicine; Dansyl Compounds; Eye; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Ocular Physiological Phenomena; Optic Nerve; Rana temporaria; Superior Colliculi; Time Factors; Tritium | 1974 |
Glutamate metabolism in the frog retina.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Autoradiography; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Rana temporaria; Retina; Tritium | 1974 |
[Effects of L-glutamine, pyridoxal and gamma aminobutyric acid on glycolysis and cerebral respiration].
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Pyridoxal; Rats | 1970 |
Metabolism of glucose in cerebral cortex of rat in leptazol-induced convulsions and effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid on the same.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Pentylenetetrazole; Rats; Seizures | 1974 |
Free amino acids in the photoreceptor cells of the frog retina.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dansyl Compounds; Fluorescence; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Organ Specificity; Photoreceptor Cells; Rana temporaria; Retina; Serine; Taurine; Threonine; Tritium | 1974 |
[Metabolism of glutamate and related amino acids in the brain].
Topics: Acetates; Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Radioisotopes; Dinitrophenols; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Hypoxia, Brain; Keto Acids; Ketoglutaric Acids; Lactates; Pyruvates | 1973 |
[Amino acids in the brains of animals adapted to different living conditions].
Topics: Acclimatization; Adaptation, Biological; Adaptation, Physiological; Age Factors; Altitude; Amides; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carboxy-Lyases; Cerebellum; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cold Temperature; Cricetinae; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hibernation; Lysine; Medulla Oblongata; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Rats; Species Specificity; Telencephalon; Urea | 1973 |
[Alcohol and brain gamma-aminobutyric acid].
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carboxy-Lyases; Cerebellum; Ethanol; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Mesencephalon; Mice; Occipital Lobe; Olfactory Bulb; Parietal Lobe; Pons; Rabbits; Rats; Telencephalon; Temporal Lobe; Transaminases | 1973 |
Metabolic compartmentation of glutamate associated with the formation of gamma-aminobutyrate.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Citric Acid Cycle; Freezing; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Kinetics; Male; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Postmortem Changes; Probability; Rats; Subcellular Fractions; Time Factors | 1974 |
Metabolic compartmentation in the brain: metabolism of a tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate, (1,4-14C)succinate, after intracerebral administration.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Citric Acid Cycle; Computers; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Kinetics; Male; Models, Biological; Postmortem Changes; Rats; Subcellular Fractions; Succinates; Time Factors | 1974 |
[Metabolism of tricarboxylic acid cycle-bound amino acids in the brain].
Topics: Age Factors; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cats; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Mice; Oxidation-Reduction; Rabbits; Rats | 1974 |
The release of amino acids with proposed neurotransmitter function from the cuneate and gracile nuclei of the rat in vivo.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Calcium; Evoked Potentials; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Leucine; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Urea | 1974 |
Effect of hyperphenylalaninemia on amino acid metabolism and compartmentation in neonatal rat brain.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Body Weight; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Leucine; Organ Size; Phenylalanine; Rats; Tricarboxylic Acids | 1974 |
[Use of acetylcholine, glutamic acid, glutamine and gama-aminobutyric acid in the cerebellum].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Cats; Cerebellum; Chickens; Columbidae; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Histocytochemistry; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Synaptic Transmission | 1973 |
[Effects of systemic administration of kainic acid on GABAergic and glutaminergic transmission in various areas of the brain].
Topics: Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Kainic Acid; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptic Transmission | 1984 |
Pharmacological effects of benzodiazepines in the leech; benzodiazepine and GABA receptors and GABA level.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Clorazepate Dipotassium; Flurazepam; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Leeches; Lidocaine; Proteins; Receptors, Drug | 1980 |
The synthesis of neuroactive amino acids from radioactive glucose and glutamine in the rat retina: effects of light stimulation.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Darkness; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Light; Neurotransmitter Agents; Photoreceptor Cells; Rats; Retina | 1980 |
Conversion of glucose to neurotransmitter amino acids in the brains of young and aging rats.
Topics: Age Factors; Aging; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Rats | 1980 |
Effect of asparagine, glutamine and insulin on cerebral amino acid neurotransmitters.
Topics: Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Cerebellum; Friedreich Ataxia; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Insulin; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats | 1980 |
The release of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and acetylcholine from striatal slices: a mass fragmentographic study.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Caudate Nucleus; Electric Stimulation; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Perfusion; Potassium Chloride; Tetrodotoxin | 1981 |
Glial versus neuronal uptake of glutamate.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Biological Transport; Brain; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histocytochemistry; Neuroglia; Neurons; Rats; Tritium | 1981 |
The topographical distribution of alanine, aspartate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, glutamine, and glycine in the pigeon optic tectum and the effect of retinal ablation.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Columbidae; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Kinetics; Male; Optic Nerve; Retina; Superior Colliculi; Taurine | 1982 |
Regional amino acid distribution in relation to function in insulin hypoglycaemia.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Catalepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tissue Distribution | 1982 |
Uptake of glutamate, GABA, and glutamine into a predominantly GABA-ergic and a predominantly glutamatergic nerve cell population in culture.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Biological Transport; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Mice; Mice, Inbred DBA; Neurons | 1982 |
GABA synthesis in isolated vestibulary tissue of chick inner ear.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Vestibule, Labyrinth | 1982 |
Alteration in neuronal-glial metabolism of glutamate by the neurotoxin kainic acid.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kainic Acid; Male; Neuroglia; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Tetrodotoxin; Veratridine | 1982 |
L-glutamate and L-glutamine uptake in adult rat cerebellum: an autoradiographic study.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nerve Fibers; Neurons; Purkinje Cells; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptic Transmission | 1982 |
Glutamine and glutamate transport in cultured neuronal and glial cells.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Electrolytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Neuroglia; Neurons; Rats | 1982 |
Hibernation hypothermia and metabolism in hedgehogs--changes in free amino acids and related compounds.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hedgehogs; Hibernation; Hypothermia | 1982 |
Glutamine and alpha-ketoglutarate uptake and metabolism by nerve terminal enriched material from mouse cerebellum.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Nerve Endings; Neurons; Sodium | 1982 |
Age-related changes in the glutamate metabolism of cerebral cortical slices from rats.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1982 |
Biochemical development of the human brain. III. Benzodiazepine receptors, free gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) and other amino acids.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebellum; Female; Flunitrazepam; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gestational Age; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kinetics; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, GABA-A | 1982 |
Release of endogenous amino acids from superior colliculus of the rabbit: in vitro studies after retinal ablation.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; beta-Alanine; Functional Laterality; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Rabbits; Retina; Superior Colliculi; Taurine | 1983 |
Desmethylimipramine enhances the release of endogenous GABA and other neurotransmitter amino acids from the rat thalamus.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Calcium Chloride; Desipramine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Magnesium; Magnesium Chloride; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thalamus | 1983 |
Ornithine as a precursor of glutamate and GABA: uptake and metabolism by neuronal and glial enriched cellular material.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Nerve Endings; Neuroglia; Neurons; Ornithine; Rats; Synaptosomes | 1983 |
Alterations in the content of amino acid neurotransmitters before the onset and during the course of methoxypyridoxine-induced seizures in individual rabbit brain regions.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Kinetics; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pyridoxine; Rabbits; Seizures; Taurine; Tissue Distribution | 1983 |
In vivo release from cerebral cortex of [14C]glutamate synthesized from [U-14C]glutamine.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Scorpion Venoms | 1983 |
A method for manual determination of glutamate, glutamine, GABA and aspartate from brain regions.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Indicators and Reagents; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sex Factors | 1983 |
Incorporation of 14C from glucose into amino acids in brain in vitro in the presence of organo- and inorganic lead and pyridoxal phosphate.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Brain Stem; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Lead; Male; Organometallic Compounds; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tetraethyl Lead | 1983 |
Ammonia inhibits protein synthesis in slices from young rat brain.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Rats | 1984 |
Effect of cortex ablation on amino acid neurotransmitters in the pallidum of baboons.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartame; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Globus Pallidus; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Neurotransmitter Agents; Papio; Taurine | 1984 |
Alterations in uptake and release rates for GABA, glutamate, and glutamine during biochemical maturation of highly purified cultures of cerebral cortical neurons, a GABAergic preparation.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Neurons; Potassium; Pregnancy | 1984 |
Metabolism of the glutamate group of amino acids in rat brain as a function of age.
Topics: Aging; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Energy Metabolism; Enzymes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
Changes in regional neurotransmitter amino acid levels in rat brain during seizures induced by L-allylglycine, bicuculline, and kainic acid.
Topics: Allylglycine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Bicuculline; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Kainic Acid; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Taurine | 1984 |
Metabolic fate of [14C]-glutamine in mouse cerebral neurons in primary cultures.
Topics: Absorption; Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon Dioxide; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Neurons; Oxidation-Reduction | 1984 |
Cerebral cortex and amino acid neurotransmitters: higher levels of aspartic acid but not GABA in the frontal cortex of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Occipital Lobe; Parietal Lobe; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Temporal Lobe; Tissue Distribution | 1984 |
Glutamine enhances glutamate release in preference to gamma-aminobutyrate release in hippocampal slices.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Calcium; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Magnesium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors | 1984 |
Regional synthesis of 14C-amino acids in cerebral cortex of the unanesthetized rat: simultaneous analysis by "push-pull" perfusion.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Rats | 1984 |
Profile of amino acid synthesis in rat hippocampus during push-pull perfusion of ethanol or morphine.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Ethanol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hippocampus; Male; Morphine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
Glutamine-induced alterations in the content of brain amino acid neurotransmitters in rats with different alcohol motivation.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Motivation; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taurine | 1984 |
Selective destruction by kainic acid of neurons innervated by putative glutamergic afferents in septum and nucleus of the diagonal band.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamine; Kainic Acid; Limbic System; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Septal Nuclei | 1980 |
Comparative study of the release of glutamate and GABA, newly synthesized from glutamine, in various regions of the central nervous system.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cerebellum; Cochlear Nerve; Columbidae; Corpus Striatum; Culture Techniques; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Neurosecretion; Potassium; Rats; Substantia Nigra; Synaptic Transmission | 1980 |
Amino acid metabolism in the brain with convulsive disorders. Part I: Free amino acid patterns in the brain of E1 mouse with convulsive seizure.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cystathionine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Ornithine; Seizures; Serine | 1984 |
The effect of excess K+ on two different tricarboxylate cycles in rat brain cortex slices.
Topics: Acetates; Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Potassium; Rats | 1980 |
Effect of single and repeated aerogenic hypoxia on the content of amino acids in the rat brain.
Topics: Age Factors; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Atmospheric Pressure; Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hypoxia; Male; Rats | 1980 |
Subcellular distribution of neuroactive amino acids in brains of genetically epileptic rats.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taurine | 1984 |
Storage and release of endogenous and labelled GABA formed from [3H]glutamine and [14C]glucose in hippocampal slices: effect of depolarization.
Topics: Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Calcium; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamine; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
Feline generalized penicillin epilepsy: changes of glutamic acid and taurine parallel the progressive increase in excitability of the cortex.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cats; Cerebral Cortex; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Taurine | 1983 |
The stimulus-secretion coupling of glucose-induced insulin release. XLVI. Physiological role of L-glutamine as a fuel for pancreatic islets.
Topics: Animals; Fatty Acids; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamine; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kinetics; Malates; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Pyruvates; Rats | 1980 |
Free amino acids in the brain of ethanol treated rats.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Brain Chemistry; Ethanol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Male; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1982 |
Cortical modulation of cholinergic neurons in the striatum.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Corpus Striatum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Kainic Acid; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes | 1982 |
[Gamma-aminobutyric acid system and bioelectric activity of the brain of rats during alcoholic intoxication].
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Alcoholic Intoxication; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Electroencephalography; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Motor Activity; Rats | 1980 |
In vivo release of newly synthesized GABA in the basal ganglia of the cat.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Cats; Caudate Nucleus; Corpus Striatum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Pyruvates; Rats; Substantia Nigra | 1981 |
Radioautographic evidence for an innervation of the subcommissural organ by GABA-containing nerve fibres.
Topics: 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine; Alanine; Animals; Autoradiography; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Nerve Fibers; Neurosecretory Systems; Rats; Serotonin; Subcommissural Organ | 1981 |
In vivo release of 3H-GABA synthesized from 3H-Glutamine in the substantia nigra and the pallido entopeduncular nuclei in the cat.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Efferent Pathways; Electric Stimulation; Functional Laterality; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Globus Pallidus; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Potassium; Substantia Nigra; Tritium | 1981 |
The effect of cochlear nerve lesion on the release of glutamate, aspartate, and GABA from cat cochlear nucleus, in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Calcium; Cats; Cochlear Nerve; Culture Techniques; Denervation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Potassium; Rats | 1980 |
Changes in amino acid concentrations in rat brain after pretreatment with neuroleptic drugs and picrotoxin [proceedings].
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Chlorpromazine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Male; Picrotoxin; Rats; Reserpine | 1980 |
A mass-fragmentographic approach to release studies of endogenous GABA, glutamic acid and glutamine "in vitro".
Topics: Animals; Brain; Electric Stimulation; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamates; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Potassium Chloride | 1980 |
The release of GABA and glutamate from the cerebral cortex is an index of the activity of underlying aminoacidergic neurons.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Anesthesia; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Male; Neurons; Potassium Chloride; Rats | 1981 |
Endogenous amino acid release from rat cerebellum in vitro.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Calcium; Cerebellum; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Perfusion; Potassium; Rats | 1980 |
Homonuclear J-refocused spectral editing technique for quantification of glutamine and glutamate by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Algorithms; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Feasibility Studies; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen; Image Enhancement; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | 1995 |
Endogenous excitatory amino acid release from brain slices and astrocyte cultures evoked by trimethyltin and other neurotoxic agents.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Excitatory Amino Acids; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Neurotoxins; Ouabain; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Glutamate; Taurine; Trimethyltin Compounds; Veratrine | 1995 |
Dependence of in vivo glutamine synthetase activity on ammonia concentration in rat brain studied by 1H - 15N heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence-transfer NMR.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Ammonia; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Infusions, Intravenous; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1995 |
Localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cerebral abnormalities in children with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome.
Topics: Atrophy; Brain; Cerebellum; Child; Child, Preschool; Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation; Dandy-Walker Syndrome; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male | 1995 |
Initial observations on effect of vigabatrin on in vivo 1H spectroscopic measurements of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and glutamine in human brain.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Epilepsy; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Vigabatrin | 1995 |
Age-dependent neurotoxicity of striatal lesions produced by aminooxyacetic acid: quantitative in vitro 1H NMR spectroscopic studies.
Topics: Aging; Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mitochondria; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1995 |
Determination of amino acids and monoamine neurotransmitters in caudate nucleus of seizure-resistant and seizure-prone BALB/c mice.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Amino Acids; Animals; Biogenic Monoamines; Caudate Nucleus; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homovanillic Acid; Hydrazines; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Levodopa; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Seizures; Serotonin; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1993 |
Glutamate and glutamine metabolism in cultured GABAergic neurons studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy may indicate compartmentation and mitochondrial heterogeneity.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Mitochondria; Neurons; Vigabatrin | 1995 |
In vivo activity of glutaminase in the brain of hyperammonaemic rats measured by 15N nuclear magnetic resonance.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Nitrogen Isotopes; Quantum Theory; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sensitivity and Specificity | 1995 |
Adult-onset hypothyroidism and the cerebral metabolism of (1,2-13C2) acetate as detected by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance.
Topics: Acetates; Age of Onset; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Isotopes; Electronic Data Processing; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypothyroidism; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Neurological; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Thyroidectomy; Thyroxine; Tissue Extracts | 1995 |
Neuroactive amino acids in synaptosomes from focal and nonfocal temporal lobe tissue of patients with intractable complex partial seizures.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Animals; Epilepsy, Complex Partial; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes; Taurine; Temporal Lobe | 1994 |
Two mutually exclusive regulatory systems inhibit UASGATA, a cluster of 5'-GAT(A/T)A-3' upstream from the UGA4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Fungal; DNA, Fungal; Fungal Proteins; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; GATA Transcription Factors; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Glutamine; Glutathione Peroxidase; Membrane Transport Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Nitrogen; Organic Anion Transporters; Prions; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Repressor Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Zinc Fingers | 1995 |
Effects of halothane on the synthesis of neurotransmitter amino acids in mouse brain.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Halothane; Male; Mice | 1993 |
The stimulus-evoked release of glutamate and GABA from brain subregions following transient forebrain ischemia in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Calcium; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Kinetics; Male; Potassium; Rats; Sodium Chloride | 1993 |
Effect of ischaemia and reperfusion on the extra- and intracellular distribution of glutamate, glutamine, aspartate and GABA in the rat hippocampus, with a note on the effect of the sodium channel blocker BW1003C87.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Calcium Channel Blockers; Extracellular Space; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Intracellular Fluid; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Male; Microdialysis; Microscopy, Immunoelectron; Neurons; Pyramidal Cells; Pyrimidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reperfusion; Time Factors | 1993 |
Effects of 3-nitropropionic acid on synaptosomal energy and transmitter metabolism: relevance to neurodegenerative brain diseases.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain Diseases; Cell Death; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guanosine Diphosphate; Guanosine Triphosphate; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nitro Compounds; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Propionates; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes | 1994 |
Aspartate aminotransferase and glutaminase activities in rat olfactory bulb and cochlear nucleus; comparisons with retina and with concentrations of substrate and product amino acids.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspartic Acid; Cochlear Nucleus; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Isoenzymes; Malate Dehydrogenase; Olfactory Bulb; Organ Specificity; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retina | 1994 |
Glutamate in some retinal neurons is derived solely from glia.
Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Immune Sera; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Neuroglia; Rabbits; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Sensitivity and Specificity; Taurine | 1994 |
Cerebral metabolic compartmentation. Estimation of glucose flux via pyruvate carboxylase/pyruvate dehydrogenase by 13C NMR isotopomer analysis of D-[U-13C]glucose metabolites.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Rabbits; Tissue Distribution | 1994 |
Effect of isonicotinic acid hydrazide on extracellular amino acids and convulsions in the rat: reversal of neurochemical and behavioural deficits by sodium valproate.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Extracellular Space; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Isoniazid; Kinetics; Male; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Taurine; Valproic Acid | 1994 |
Fasting enhances taurine transport by rat liver plasma membrane vesicles.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Biological Transport; Biomarkers; Cell Membrane; Fasting; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Liposomes; Liver; Male; Proteolipids; Rats; Taurine | 1994 |
Analysis of macromolecule resonances in 1H NMR spectra of human brain.
Topics: Adult; Creatine; Cytosol; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen; Image Enhancement; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Macromolecular Substances; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Molecular Weight; Peptides; Temporal Lobe | 1994 |
Taurine, amino acid transmitters, and related molecules in the retina of the Australian lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri: a light-microscopic immunocytochemical and electron-microscopic study.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Asparagine; Fishes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia, Sensory; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Microglia; Microscopy, Electron; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nitric Oxide; Photoreceptor Cells; Retina; Taurine | 1994 |
GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic input to identified granule cells in salamander olfactory bulb.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Fluorescent Dyes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Granulocytes; Olfactory Bulb; Pyridinium Compounds; Synapses; Urodela | 1994 |
N-methyl-D-aspartate releases gamma-aminobutyric acid from rat striatum in vivo: a microdialysis study using a novel preloading method.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Dialysis; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Infusions, Parenteral; Kinetics; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Piperazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Time Factors; Tritium | 1993 |
Direct demonstration by [13C]NMR spectroscopy that glutamine from astrocytes is a precursor for GABA synthesis in neurons.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucose; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Methionine Sulfoximine; Mice; Neurons | 1993 |
Evidence using in vivo microdialysis that aminotransferase activities are important in the regulation of the pools of transmitter amino acids.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Dialysis; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Neostriatum; Neurotransmitter Agents; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Transaminases | 1993 |
Glycerol 3-phosphate and lactate as indicators of the cerebral cytoplasmic redox state in severe and mild hypoxia respectively: a 13C- and 31P-n.m.r. study.
Topics: Acetates; Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Cerebral Cortex; Cytoplasm; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycerophosphates; Hypoxia, Brain; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine | 1993 |
Immunocytochemistry of amino-acids in the rodent pituitary using extremely specific, very high titre antisera.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Antibody Specificity; Astrocytes; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Immune Sera; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mice; Pituitary Gland; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Taurine; Tissue Distribution | 1993 |
Childhood adrenoleukodystrophy: assessment with proton MR spectroscopy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenoleukodystrophy; Aspartic Acid; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Genetic Linkage; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Hydrogen; Inositol; Lipids; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Protons; X Chromosome | 1993 |
Characterization of an atypical member of the Na+/Cl(-)-dependent transporter family: chromosomal localization and distribution in GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the rat brain.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Autoradiography; Base Sequence; Blotting, Northern; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Chromosome Mapping; Cloning, Molecular; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; In Situ Hybridization; Molecular Sequence Data; Neurons; Rats; Sodium Chloride Symporters; Symporters; Tissue Distribution | 1994 |
Dorsal root and dorsal column mediated synaptic inputs to reticulospinal neurons in lampreys: involvement of glutamatergic, glycinergic, and GABAergic transmission.
Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Lampreys; Neurons; Reticular Formation; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerve Roots; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 1993 |
Pertussis toxin treatment increases glutamate release and dihydropyridine binding sites in cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; Animals; Baclofen; Barium; Binding Sites; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Cyclic AMP; Dihydropyridines; Evoked Potentials; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; GTP-Binding Proteins; Guanosine Triphosphate; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; NAD; Neurons; Pertussis Toxin; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Virulence Factors, Bordetella | 1993 |
Regulatory circuit for responses of nitrogen catabolic gene expression to the GLN3 and DAL80 proteins and nitrogen catabolite repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Topics: Allantoin; Asparagine; Base Sequence; DNA-Binding Proteins; Fungal Proteins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; GATA Transcription Factors; Gene Deletion; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Genes, Fungal; Glutamine; Models, Genetic; Molecular Sequence Data; Nitrogen; Proline; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Repressor Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Transcription Factors | 1993 |
Effects of repeated cerebral ischemia on extracellular amino acid concentrations measured with intracerebral microdialysis in the gerbil hippocampus.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Disease Models, Animal; Extracellular Space; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gerbillinae; Glutamine; Glycine; Hippocampus; Necrosis; Neurons; Taurine | 1993 |
Attenuation of hippocampal long-term potentiation by ethanol: a patch-clamp analysis of glutamatergic and GABAergic mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Electrophysiology; Ethanol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Granulocytes; Hippocampus; Male; Midazolam; Neuronal Plasticity; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synapses | 1993 |
Localized 2D J-resolved 1H MR spectroscopy: strong coupling effects in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Alanine; Brain; Choline; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phantoms, Imaging | 1995 |
Changes in cerebellar amino acid neurotransmitter concentrations and receptors following administration of the neurotoxin L-2-chloropropionic acid.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Autoradiography; Binding Sites; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Male; Neurotoxins; Neurotransmitter Agents; Propionates; Prosencephalon; Rats; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Stereoisomerism; Synaptic Transmission; Taurine | 1996 |
Effects of the MAO inhibitor phenelzine on glutamine and GABA concentrations in rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hypothalamus; Male; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Phenelzine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1995 |
GABAergic and glutaminergic modulation of centrally evoked arrhythmias in rats.
Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Baclofen; Brain; Cardiovascular System; Electric Stimulation; GABA Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Intraventricular; Ketamine; Kynurenic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Sympathetic Nervous System; Synaptic Transmission | 1996 |
Quantitative changes of amino acid distributions in the rat vestibular nuclear complex after unilateral vestibular ganglionectomy.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Behavior, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglionectomy; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Nerve Degeneration; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine; Vestibular Nuclei | 1996 |
Inhibition of cerebral neurogenic vasodilation by L-glutamine and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and its reversal by L-citrulline.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Cerebral Arteries; Citrulline; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitroarginine; Swine; Vasodilation | 1996 |
Paradoxical sleep deprivation increases the content of glutamate and glutamine in rat cerebral cortex.
Topics: Animals; Arousal; Benzhydryl Compounds; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Male; Modafinil; Rats; Sleep Deprivation; Wakefulness | 1996 |
Postnatal developmental expression of glutamine and related amino acids in the rat retinas.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retina | 1996 |
Glutamate metabolic pathways in displaced ganglion cells of the chicken retina.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cell Size; Chickens; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Immunohistochemistry; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Tissue Fixation | 1996 |
Possible role of nitric oxide in the development of L-2-chloropropionic acid-induced cerebellar granule cell necrosis.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; In Vitro Techniques; Indazoles; Male; Necrosis; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitroarginine; Ornithine; Propionates; Rats | 1996 |
Release of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids from the locus coeruleus of conscious rats by cardiovascular stimuli and various forms of acute stress.
Topics: Acute Disease; Amino Acids; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Cardiovascular System; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Nitroprusside; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stress, Physiological; Taurine | 1995 |
Glutamine stimulates gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis in synaptosomes but other putative astrocyte-to-neuron shuttle substrates do not.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Substantia Nigra; Synaptosomes | 1996 |
Enhanced fast synaptic transmission and a delayed depolarization induced by transient potassium current blockade in rat hippocampal slice as studied by optical recording.
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Animals; Bicuculline; Electrophysiology; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Microelectrodes; Optics and Photonics; Potassium; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Signal Transduction; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors | 1996 |
Amino acid signatures in the primate retina.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Immunohistochemistry; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Pattern Recognition, Automated; Peptide Mapping; Photoreceptor Cells; Protein Precursors; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Taurine | 1996 |
Neurotransmitter release in the accessory olfactory bulb during and after the formation of an olfactory memory in mice.
Topics: Animals; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Memory; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microdialysis; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Olfactory Bulb; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Time Factors | 1995 |
Portacaval anastomosis results in altered neuron--astrocytic metabolic trafficking of amino acids: evidence from 13C-NMR studies.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon Isotopes; Carboxylic Acids; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Biological; Neurons; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reference Values | 1996 |
Metabolic precursors and compartmentation of cerebral GABA in vigabatrin-treated rats.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Acetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Enzyme Inhibitors; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamine; Hydrogen; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Neurological; Organ Specificity; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vigabatrin | 1996 |
Neurotransmitter amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Aged; Amino Acids; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Parkinson Disease | 1996 |
Regulation of GABA level in rat brain synaptosomes: fluxes through enzymes of the GABA shunt and effects of glutamate, calcium, and ketone bodies.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Brain; Calcium; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketone Bodies; Male; Phosphates; Protons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes | 1996 |
Nitric oxide enhances amino acid release from immature chick embryo retina.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Chick Embryo; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Enzyme Inhibitors; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hemoglobins; Nitric Oxide; Nitroprusside; Penicillamine; Receptors, Glutamate; Retina; S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine | 1996 |
Stimulation of [3H] GABA and beta-[3H] alanine release from rat brain slices by cis-4-aminocrotonic acid.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Biomarkers; Carrier Proteins; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Crotonates; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GABA Agents; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Male; Nipecotic Acids; Organ Culture Techniques; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retina; Spinal Cord; Taurine; Tritium | 1997 |
Effects of valproate on amino acid and monoamine concentrations in striatum of audiogenic seizure-prone Balb/c mice.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Amino Acids; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Biogenic Monoamines; Corpus Striatum; Disease Susceptibility; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Homovanillic Acid; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Mesencephalon; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Seizures; Serotonin; Species Specificity; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; Valproic Acid | 1996 |
Neurochemical studies with the novel anticonvulsant levetiracetam in mouse brain.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Drug Administration Schedule; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Levetiracetam; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Piracetam | 1997 |
Neurochemical actions of the desglycinyl metabolite of remacemide hydrochloride (ARL 12495AA) in mouse brain.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Phenethylamines; Stereoisomerism | 1997 |
Effects of ketone bodies on astrocyte amino acid metabolism.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetoacetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Citric Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydroxybutyrates; Ketone Bodies; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sheep | 1997 |
Ultrastructural characteristics of glutamatergic and GABAergic terminals in cat lamina IX before and after spinal cord injury.
Topics: Animals; Cats; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Endings; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries; Synapses | 1997 |
Contribution of glial metabolism to neuronal damage caused by partial inhibition of energy metabolism in retina.
Topics: Animals; Chick Embryo; Citrates; Dizocilpine Maleate; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; In Vitro Techniques; Iodoacetates; Neuroglia; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Retina | 1997 |
Time course of alpha-fluorinated valproic acid in mouse brain and serum and its effect on synaptosomal gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in comparison to valproic acid.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Solubility; Synaptosomes; Valproic Acid | 1997 |
Intracerebral microdialysis study of glutamate reuptake in awake, behaving rats.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aspartic Acid; Behavior, Animal; Carbon Radioisotopes; Consciousness; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homovanillic Acid; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Male; Mannitol; Microdialysis; Norepinephrine; Parietal Lobe; Phentolamine; Phenylephrine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sympatholytics; Sympathomimetics; Synaptic Transmission; Tritium | 1997 |
Neurochemical development of the degenerating rat retina.
Topics: Aging; Amino Acids; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Immunohistochemistry; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred BUF; Rats, Mutant Strains; Retina; Retinal Degeneration; Taurine | 1997 |
Stoichiometric coupling of brain glucose metabolism and glutamatergic neuronal activity.
Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; Electroencephalography; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamine; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1998 |
GM-CSF affects hypothalamic neurotransmitter levels in mice: involvement of interleukin-1.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Hypothalamus; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Interleukin-1; Male; Mice; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Recombinant Proteins; Serotonin; Sialoglycoproteins | 1997 |
Nutrient regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid release from islet beta cells.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Clonidine; Culture Media; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamine; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate | 1997 |
Dissimilar effects of lithium and valproic acid on GABA and glutamine concentrations in rat cerebrospinal fluid.
Topics: Animals; Antimanic Agents; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hyponatremia; Lithium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Valproic Acid | 1998 |
Glutamate, glutamine, and GABA as substrates for the neuronal and glial compartments after focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Arteries; Blood Pressure; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Carbon Isotopes; Cytosol; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen; Infusions, Intravenous; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuroglia; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substrate Specificity; Tissue Extracts; Veins | 1998 |
Changes in brain organic osmolytes in experimental cerebral ischemia.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Brain Ischemia; Creatine; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Methylamines; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine | 1998 |
New approach for quantitation of short echo time in vivo 1H MR spectra of brain using AMARES.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Dipeptides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Software; Time Factors | 1998 |
Effect of dexamethasone on Glu-IR and GABA-IR neurons of hippocampus in rats.
Topics: Animals; Dexamethasone; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucocorticoids; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Injections, Intraventricular; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1997 |
Glutamatergic neurotransmission from the optic tectum to the contralateral nucleus rotundus in pigeons.
Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Columbidae; Diencephalon; Dominance, Cerebral; Electric Stimulation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Membrane Potentials; Superior Colliculi; Synaptic Transmission; Visual Pathways | 1998 |
The effect of isoflurane on brain amino acid release and tissue content induced by energy deprivation.
Topics: Amino Acids; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Arginine; Culture Media; Culture Techniques; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Isoflurane; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Nitrogen; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Taurine | 1998 |
Effects of iron deficiency on iron distribution and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism in young rat brain tissues.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hematologic Tests; Iron; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Trace Elements | 1998 |
Effects of prolonged exercise on brain ammonia and amino acids.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1998 |
Proton spectroscopy without water suppression: the oversampled J-resolved experiment.
Topics: Adult; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurotransmitter Agents; Phantoms, Imaging; Reference Values; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | 1998 |
Co-localized neuropeptide Y and GABA have complementary presynaptic effects on sensory synaptic transmission.
Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Female; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia, Spinal; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Intracellular Fluid; Lampreys; Male; Neurons, Afferent; Neuropeptide Y; Presynaptic Terminals; Receptors, Neuropeptide Y; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission | 1998 |
Localized in vivo 13C-NMR of glutamate metabolism in the human brain: initial results at 4 tesla.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetics; Models, Biological; Visual Cortex | 1998 |
[1-(13)C]glucose metabolism in the tumoral and nontumoral cerebral tissue of a glioma-bearing rat.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Body Weight; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Carbon Isotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; Female; Functional Laterality; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glioma; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Chemical; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1999 |
Histological changes and neurotransmitter levels three months following perinatal asphyxia in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Asphyxia; Brain; Cell Count; Cerebellum; Corpus Striatum; Female; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Histamine; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Hypothalamus; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serotonin; Taurine; Time Factors | 1999 |
Transmitter-specific input to OFF-alpha ganglion cells in the cat retina.
Topics: Animals; Cats; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Microscopy, Immunoelectron; Neurotransmitter Agents; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Synapses | 1999 |
Synthesis of vesicular GABA from glutamine involves TCA cycle metabolism in neocortical neurons.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Citric Acid Cycle; Fumarates; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Mitochondria; Neocortex; Neurons; Synaptic Vesicles | 1999 |
[(3)H]-girisopam, a novel selective benzodiazepine for the 2, 3-benzodiazepine binding site.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Corpus Striatum; Diazepam; Dopamine; Flunitrazepam; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Organ Specificity; Protein Binding; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA-A; Serotonin; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1999 |
Neurochemical studies with the anticonvulsant felbamate in mouse brain.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Felbamate; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Neuroprotective Agents; Phenylcarbamates; Propylene Glycols | 1999 |
Effects of ammonia on the anaplerotic pathway and amino acid metabolism in the brain: an ex vivo 13C NMR spectroscopic study of rats after administering [2-13C]] glucose with or without ammonium acetate.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Chemical; Models, Neurological; Neuroglia; Neurons; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 1999 |
Glutamine synthetase activity in Solanaceous cell suspensions accumulating alkaloids or not. 13C NMR and enzymatic assay.
Topics: Alkaloids; Cells, Cultured; Datura stramonium; Enzyme Induction; Enzyme Inhibitors; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Methionine Sulfoximine; Nicotiana; Plant Proteins; Plants, Medicinal; Plants, Toxic; Species Specificity; Suspensions | 1999 |
Disturbances of amino acids from temporal lobe synaptosomes in human complex partial epilepsy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amino Acids; Epilepsies, Partial; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Synaptosomes; Temporal Lobe | 1999 |
On-line derivatization for continuous and automatic monitoring of brain extracellular glutamate levels in anesthetized rats: a microdialysis study.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Autoanalysis; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Extracellular Space; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Male; Microdialysis; o-Phthalaldehyde; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine; Vasospasm, Intracranial | 1999 |
[Alterations of amino acids in rat cerebral cortex of infectious brain injuries].
Topics: Animals; Bordetella pertussis; Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycerol; Male; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Whooping Cough | 1998 |
Hippocampal pathology in schizophrenia: magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy studies.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Dominance, Cerebral; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Schizophrenia | 2000 |
Effects of ammonia on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure threshold.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Linear Models; Male; Neurons; Pentylenetetrazole; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures | 1999 |
Lactate prevents the alterations in tissue amino acids, decline in ATP, and cell damage due to aglycemia in retina.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Chickens; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; Retina; Serine | 2000 |
Dichloroacetate (DCA) reduces brain lactate but increases brain glutamine in experimental cerebral malaria: a 1H-NMR study.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Citric Acid Cycle; Dichloroacetic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Lactates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Malaria, Cerebral; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Plasmodium berghei | 2000 |
Single-shot, three-dimensional "non-echo" localization method for in vivo NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Calibration; Carbon Isotopes; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Formates; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen; Inositol; Lipids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Ostreidae; Phantoms, Imaging; Protons; Radio Waves; Rats; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2000 |
Lack of coupling between GABA release and GABA synthesis in the rat brain via GABA(B) autoreceptors.
Topics: Animals; Brain; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Ligands; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA-B; Tritium | 2000 |
Anxiety in healthy humans is associated with orbital frontal chemistry.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anxiety; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatinine; Female; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Psychological Tests | 2000 |
Glutamate, GABA and precursor amino acids in adult mouse neocortex: cellular diversity revealed by quantitative immunocytochemistry.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neocortex; Neurons | 2000 |
A neurochemical study of the novel antiepileptic drug retigabine in mouse brain.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain Chemistry; Carbamates; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Phenylenediamines | 2000 |
Melatonin disrupts circadian rhythms of glutamate and GABA in the neostriatum of the aware rat: a microdialysis study.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Antioxidants; Arginine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Circadian Rhythm; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Melatonin; Microdialysis; Neostriatum; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Taurine; Wakefulness | 2000 |
NMR spectroscopic study on the metabolic fate of [3-(13)C]alanine in astrocytes, neurons, and cocultures: implications for glia-neuron interactions in neurotransmitter metabolism.
Topics: Acetyl Coenzyme A; Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Communication; Cells, Cultured; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Protein Transport; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2000 |
Abnormal brain chemistry in chronic back pain: an in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Aspartic Acid; Back Pain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Chronic Disease; Creatine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Thalamus | 2000 |
Studies on the effects of lactate transport inhibition, pyruvate, glucose and glutamine on amino acid, lactate and glucose release from the ischemic rat cerebral cortex.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Cortex; Coumaric Acids; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Routes; Energy Metabolism; Ethanolamines; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Male; Pyruvic Acid; Quercetin; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2001 |
Redistribution of neuroactive amino acids in hippocampus and striatum during hypoglycemia: a quantitative immunogold study.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Hypoglycemia; Immunohistochemistry; Insulin; Microscopy, Immunoelectron; Nerve Endings; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reference Values | 2001 |
Metabolic distinction between vesicular and cytosolic GABA in cultured GABAergic neurons using 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Compartmentation; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; Cytosol; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamine; Isoenzymes; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Mitochondria; Neurons; Pregnancy; Transport Vesicles | 2001 |
Zinc co-localizes with GABA and glycine in synapses in the lamprey spinal cord.
Topics: Aminoquinolines; Animals; Axons; Coloring Agents; Female; Fluorescent Dyes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Lampreys; Male; Motor Activity; Nerve Endings; Nerve Net; Silver Compounds; Spinal Cord; Staining and Labeling; Synapses; Tissue Distribution; Tosyl Compounds; Zinc | 2001 |
The effect of thiopental on glutamate metabolism in mouse cerebellar astrocytes in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Extracts; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Citric Acid Cycle; Culture Media; Drug Combinations; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Thiopental | 2001 |
Rapid and sensitive step gradient assays of glutamate, glycine, taurine and gamma-aminobutyric acid by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection with o-phthalaldehyde-mercaptoethanol derivatization with an emphasis on microdialysis sam
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Indicators and Reagents; Mercaptoethanol; Microdialysis; o-Phthalaldehyde; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Taurine | 2001 |
1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rat: longitudinal metabolic changes in ischemic core and rim.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain Ischemia; Caudate Nucleus; Circle of Willis; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Ligation; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Necrosis; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Somatosensory Cortex; Time Factors | 2001 |
Sirolimus, but not the structurally related RAD (everolimus), enhances the negative effects of cyclosporine on mitochondrial metabolism in the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Body Weight; Brain; Cyclosporine; Drug Synergism; Everolimus; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunosuppressive Agents; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mitochondria; Oxaloacetic Acid; Phosphates; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sirolimus; Weight Gain | 2001 |
Synthesis and release of N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) by crayfish nerve fibers: implications for axon-glia signaling.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astacoidea; Axons; Carbon Radioisotopes; Carboxypeptidases; Cell Communication; Culture Media; Cytoplasm; Dipeptides; Electric Stimulation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nervous System; Neuroglia; Organ Culture Techniques; Quisqualic Acid; Signal Transduction; Tritium | 2001 |
Decrease in GABA synthesis rate in rat cortex following GABA-transaminase inhibition correlates with the decrease in GAD(67) protein.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cerebral Cortex; Down-Regulation; Enzyme Inhibitors; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Male; Neurons; Protein Isoforms; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vigabatrin | 2001 |
Increased glutamate, GABA and glutamine in lateral geniculate nucleus but not in medial geniculate nucleus caused by visual attention to novelty.
Topics: Animals; Attention; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Geniculate Bodies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei; Neural Inhibition; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Synaptic Transmission; Visual Cortex; Visual Pathways; Visual Perception | 2001 |
Glutamine is the major precursor for GABA synthesis in rat neocortex in vivo following acute GABA-transaminase inhibition.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Astrocytes; Blood Glucose; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Energy Metabolism; Enzyme Inhibitors; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isotope Labeling; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neocortex; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2001 |
Estimation of aspartate synthesis in GABAergic neurons in mice by 13 C NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid; Acetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; GABA Agents; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Synaptic Transmission | 2001 |
Differences in neurotransmitter synthesis and intermediary metabolism between glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons during 4 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat: the role of astrocytes in neuronal survival.
Topics: Acetate-CoA Ligase; Alanine; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Blood Glucose; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Communication; Cell Survival; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Isoflurane; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neostriatum; Neurons; Parietal Lobe; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2001 |
Coupled and uncoupled proton movement by amino acid transport system N.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems; Animals; Astrocytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ion Channel Gating; Protons; Xenopus | 2001 |
Effect of glutamine and GABA on [U-(13)C]glutamate metabolism in cerebellar astrocytes and granule neurons.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Extracts; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Citric Acid Cycle; Drug Interactions; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Mice; Neurons; Synaptic Transmission | 2001 |
Molecular phenotyping of retinal ganglion cells.
Topics: Agmatine; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cell Count; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Image Cytometry; Immunohistochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Phenotype; Rabbits; Receptors, Glutamate; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Signal Transduction; Taurine | 2002 |
Alterations in brain metabolism, CNS morphology and CSF dynamics in adult rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebrospinal Fluid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hydrocephalus; Intracranial Pressure; Kaolin; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Syringomyelia | 2002 |
Long-term effects of light damage on the retina of albino and pigmented rats.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Aspartic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Light; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Rats, Wistar; Retina; Retinal Degeneration; Taurine; Vitreous Body | 2002 |
Amino acid concentrations in the blood of the jugular vein and peripheral artery after traumatic brain injury: decreased release of glutamate into the jugular vein in the early phase.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amino Acids; Arteries; Aspartic Acid; Brain Injuries; Cystine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Jugular Veins; Male; Middle Aged | 2002 |
Effects of L-glutamate transport inhibition by a conformationally restricted glutamate analogue (2S,1'S,2'R)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (L-CCG III) on metabolism in brain tissue in vitro analysed by NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Cortex; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Conformation; Oocytes; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Pyruvic Acid; Xenopus laevis | 2002 |
Metabolic compartmentation in cortical synaptosomes: influence of glucose and preferential incorporation of endogenous glutamate into GABA.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; Drug Synergism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hypoglycemia; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes | 2002 |
Increase in amino acids in the pons after sleep deprivation: a pilot study using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Depressive Disorder; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Pons; Protons; Sleep Deprivation | 2002 |
Alterations of amino acids and monoamine metabolism in male Fmr1 knockout mice: a putative animal model of the human fragile X mental retardation syndrome.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Aging; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Stem; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein; Fragile X Syndrome; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Homovanillic Acid; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Intellectual Disability; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Models, Animal; Nerve Tissue Proteins; RNA-Binding Proteins; Serotonin; Taurine; Thalamus | 2001 |
Possible role of glutamate, aspartate, glutamine, GABA or taurine on cadmium toxicity on the hypothalamic pituitary axis activity in adult male rats.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aging; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Cadmium; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hypothalamus; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Median Eminence; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Hormones; Prefrontal Cortex; Prolactin; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine | 2002 |
Cell-specific expression of the glutamine transporter SN1 suggests differences in dependence on the glutamine cycle.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Animals; Astrocytes; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Kidney; Liver; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Microscopy, Electron; Neurons; Oligodendroglia; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synapses; Tissue Distribution | 2002 |
Focal neurometabolic alterations in mice deficient for succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase.
Topics: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Animals; beta-Alanine; Blotting, Western; Brain; Carboxylic Acids; Disease Models, Animal; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamine; Kidney; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Myocardium; Organ Specificity; Oxidation-Reduction; Pancreas; RNA, Messenger; Sodium Oxybate; Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase | 2002 |
Modulation of tianeptine on ion currents induced by inhibitory neurotransmitters in acutely dissociated dorsal raphe neurons of Sprague-Dawley rats.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ethylmaleimide; Excitatory Amino Acids; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium Channels; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serotonin; Serotonin Antagonists; Thiazepines | 2002 |
Localization and possible function of the glutamate transporter, EAAC1, in the rat retina.
Topics: Amacrine Cells; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Amino Acids; Animals; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Symporters; Synaptic Membranes; Synaptic Transmission | 2002 |
Neuronal and glial metabolite content of the epileptogenic human hippocampus.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroglia; Neurons | 2002 |
Dual innervation of the lamprey retina by GABAergic and glutamatergic retinopetal fibers. A quantitative EM immunogold study.
Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Lampreys; Microscopy, Immunoelectron; Nerve Fibers; Retina | 2003 |
Demonstration of pyruvate recycling in primary cultures of neocortical astrocytes but not in neurons.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Neocortex; Neurons; Pregnancy; Pyruvates | 2002 |
In vivo monitoring of rat brain metabolites during vigabatrin treatment using localized 2D-COSY.
Topics: Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Taurine; Vigabatrin | 2003 |
Astrocyte metabolism is disturbed in the early development of experimental hydrocephalus.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Astrocytes; Biomarkers; Brain Stem; Carbon Isotopes; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrocephalus; Kaolin; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Predictive Value of Tests; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine; Telencephalon | 2003 |
Inhibition of glutamine transport depletes glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter pools: further evidence for metabolic compartmentation.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Alanine; Animals; Astrocytes; beta-Alanine; Biological Transport; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Compartmentation; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Histidine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuroblastoma; Rats | 2003 |
A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of metabolites in the occipital lobes in epilepsy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Carnosine; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy, Generalized; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Enhancement; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neural Inhibition; Occipital Lobe; Synaptic Transmission | 2003 |
Acute effects of gabapentin and pregabalin on rat forebrain cellular GABA, glutamate, and glutamine concentrations.
Topics: Acetates; Amines; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurons; Pregabalin; Prosencephalon; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Vigabatrin | 2003 |
Synaptic activation of cardiac vagal neurons by capsaicin sensitive and insensitive sensory neurons.
Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Capsaicin; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Heart; Neurons, Afferent; Organ Culture Techniques; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synapses; Vagus Nerve | 2003 |
The glutamate-dependent acid resistance system of Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri is inhibited in vitro by L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid.
Topics: Acids; Bacterial Proteins; Culture Media; Dicarboxylic Acids; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Proteins; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Phenotype; Plasmids; Pyrrolidines; Shigella flexneri; Sigma Factor | 2003 |
Distinct electrophysiological properties of glutamatergic, cholinergic and GABAergic rat septohippocampal neurons: novel implications for hippocampal rhythmicity.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Cardiotonic Agents; Carrier Proteins; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Electrophysiology; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Isoenzymes; Membrane Transport Proteins; Neurons; Periodicity; Phenotype; Pyrimidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Septal Nuclei; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2; Vesicular Transport Proteins | 2003 |
Glutamine, glutamic acid, and gamma-aminobutyric acid in cerebrospinal fluids.
Topics: Butyrates; Cerebrospinal Fluid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 1953 |
On the efficacy of asparagine, glutamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and 1-pyrroiidinone in preventing chemically induced seizures in mice.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Asparagine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Pyrrolidinones; Seizures | 1957 |
Determination of glutamic acid, glutamine, glutathione and gamma-aminobutyric acid and their distribution in brain tissue.
Topics: Amino Acids; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione | 1958 |
[Experimental research on the anticonvulsant properties of 1-glutamine, 1-asparagine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid].
Topics: Amino Acids; Anticonvulsants; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Asparagine; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine | 1962 |
[Effect of glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid on excitation processes in central synapses].
Topics: Central Nervous System; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Synapses | 1962 |
The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the metabolism of glutamic acid and glutamine in brain.
Topics: Amino Acids; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine | 1963 |
THE EFFECT OF AN EPILEPTOGENIC FOCUS, INDUCED BY TOPICAL APPLICATION OF MESCALINE, ON GLUTAMIC ACID, GLUTAMINE AND GABA IN THE NEOCORTEX OF THE CAT.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Cats; Cerebral Cortex; Electroencephalography; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mescaline; Neocortex; Pharmacology; Research | 1964 |
[CHANGES IN THE AMOUNT OF GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID IN THE MALE RAT BRAIN AFTER CASTRATION].
Topics: Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Castration; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Rats; Research; Testis; Testosterone | 1964 |
CHANGES IN GLUTAMIC ACID, GLUTAMINE, AND GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID CONCENTRATIONS DURING POSTNATAL MATURATION OF THE CAT BRAIN.
Topics: Aging; Aminobutyrates; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cats; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Research | 1964 |
STUDIES ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN TOBACCO PLANTS. VI. METABOLISM OF GLUTAMIC ACID, GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID, AND PROLINE IN TOBACCO LEAVES.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Autoanalysis; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Nicotiana; Nitrogen; Photosynthesis; Proline; Research | 1964 |
AMINO ACIDS RELEASED FROM THE CEREBRAL CORTEX IN RELATION TO ITS STATE OF ACTIVATION.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Stem; Cats; Cerebral Cortex; Cordotomy; Electric Stimulation; Electroencephalography; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Mesencephalon; Research; Sleep | 1965 |
CHANGES OF CEREBRAL GLUTAMINE, GLUTAMIC ACID AND GABA DURING AROUSAL FROM HIBERNATION.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Arousal; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hibernation; Metabolism; Research; Rodentia | 1965 |
BOUND GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC AND OTHER AMINO ACIDS IN BRAIN.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Rats; Research | 1965 |
SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF THE ENZYMES OF THE GLUTAMIC ACID, GLUTAMINE AND GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID CYCLES IN RAT BRAIN.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Brain; Cell Nucleus; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Electrons; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Microscopy; Microscopy, Electron; Microsomes; Mitochondria; Oxidoreductases; Rats; Research; Synapses | 1965 |
On the glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid contents of various regions of the cat brain.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cats; Felis; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine | 1962 |
A magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study of adult nonhuman primates exposed to early-life stressors.
Topics: Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Brain Mapping; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Macaca radiata; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Stress, Psychological; Temporal Lobe | 2003 |
Defining a metabolic phenotype in the brain of a transgenic mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia 3.
Topics: Animals; Ataxin-3; Brain; Cerebellum; Choline; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamine; Glycogen; Humans; Lactic Acid; Machado-Joseph Disease; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nuclear Proteins; Phenotype; Phosphorylcholine; Repressor Proteins; Telencephalon; Transcription Factors; Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion | 2004 |
Conversion into GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) may reduce the capacity of L-glutamine as an insulin secretagogue.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Adenosine Triphosphate; Allylglycine; Amination; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Ketoglutaric Acids; Leucine; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Perfusion; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA | 2004 |
Circadian rhythms of dopamine, glutamate and GABA in the striatum and nucleus accumbens of the awake rat: modulation by light.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Arginine; Circadian Rhythm; Corpus Striatum; Darkness; Dopamine; Extracellular Matrix; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homovanillic Acid; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Light; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Wakefulness | 2004 |
Proton MR spectroscopy in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.
Topics: Adult; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Genes, Recessive; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Movement Disorders; Predictive Value of Tests; Protons; Reference Values; Seizures; Speech Disorders; Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase | 2004 |
Relationships between glutamine, glutamate, and GABA in nerve endings under Pb-toxicity conditions.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lead; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Signal Transduction; Synaptosomes | 2004 |
Brain energy metabolism in a sub-acute rat model of manganese neurotoxicity: an ex vivo nuclear magnetic resonance study using [1-13C]glucose.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Disease Models, Animal; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Manganese; Manganese Poisoning; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2004 |
Subtype-specific alterations of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate in patients with major depression.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Depressive Disorder; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Severity of Illness Index | 2004 |
Seizure evolution and amino acid imbalances in murine succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency.
Topics: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Neural Inhibition; Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase | 2004 |
Contribution of a glial glutamate transporter to GABA synthesis in the retina.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Amino Acids; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Extracellular Space; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Neuroglia; Retina | 2004 |
Whole-brain glutamate metabolism evaluated by steady-state kinetics using a double-isotope procedure: effects of gabapentin.
Topics: Acetates; Amines; Animals; Astrocytes; Bicarbonates; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Neurological; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Regression Analysis; Retina; Time Factors | 2004 |
High-resolution magic angle spinning and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveal significantly altered neuronal metabolite profiles in CLN1 but not in CLN3.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Creatine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Chaperones; Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses; Neurons; Thiolester Hydrolases | 2004 |
Amygdala-dependent mechanisms underlying memory retrieval of conditioned taste aversion.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Benzodiazepines; Conditioning, Classical; Desipramine; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Memory; Midazolam; Models, Biological; Norepinephrine; Rats; Receptors, AMPA; Taste | 2005 |
In vitro 1H NMR spectroscopy shows an increase in N-acetylaspartylglutamate and glutamine content in the hippocampus of amygdaloid-kindled rats.
Topics: Amino Acids; Amygdala; Animals; Creatine; Dipeptides; Disease Models, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Kindling, Neurologic; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neural Pathways; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Up-Regulation | 2005 |
The contribution of GABA to glutamate/glutamine cycling and energy metabolism in the rat cortex in vivo.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Biological Transport; Blood Glucose; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; GABA Modulators; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Halothane; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuroglia; Neurons; Oxidation-Reduction; Pentobarbital; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2005 |
Response of brain amino acid metabolism to ketosis.
Topics: Acetates; Acetyl Coenzyme A; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Radioisotopes; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketosis; Male; Mice; Models, Animal; Oxaloacetic Acid | 2005 |
In vivo detection of cortical GABA turnover from intravenously infused [1-13C]D-glucose.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Enzyme Inhibitors; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamine; Infusions, Intravenous; Isotope Labeling; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neocortex; Rats | 2005 |
Normal prefrontal gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in remitted depressed subjects determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales | 2005 |
Impaired glutamine metabolism in NMDA receptor hypofunction induced by MK801.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cell Communication; Dizocilpine Maleate; Down-Regulation; Energy Metabolism; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Inositol; Male; Neuroglia; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Succinic Acid; Temporal Lobe; Up-Regulation | 2005 |
In vivo evidence for reduced cortical glutamate-glutamine cycling in rats treated with the antidepressant/antipanic drug phenelzine.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Biological; Phenelzine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tissue Fixation | 2005 |
Glutamatergic regulation of the p70S6 kinase in primary mouse neurons.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 4-Aminopyridine; Animals; Bicuculline; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; Cells, Cultured; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Peptide Elongation Factor 2; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phosphorylation; Potassium Channels; Protein Kinases; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Sirolimus; Synapses; Time Factors; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases | 2005 |
13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of alterations in glutamate neurotransmission.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neuroglia; Neurons; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Synaptic Transmission | 2006 |
High resolution 1H NMR-based metabolomics indicates a neurotransmitter cycling deficit in cerebral tissue from a mouse model of Batten disease.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Creatine; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Models, Biological; Molecular Chaperones; Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses; Neurotransmitter Agents; Phenotype; Spectrophotometry; Time Factors | 2005 |
Glucose inhibits GABA release by pancreatic beta-cells through an increase in GABA shunt activity.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Enzyme Inhibitors; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamine; Humans; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Ketoglutaric Acids; Male; Mannoheptulose; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vigabatrin | 2006 |
Sensitivity-enhanced 13C MR spectroscopy of the human brain at 3 Tesla.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Isotopes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Enhancement; Lactates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Sensitivity and Specificity; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | 2006 |
Role of the conserved glutamine 291 in the rat gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter rGAT-1.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Conserved Sequence; Cysteine; Electrophysiology; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamine; Humans; Lithium; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Sequence Alignment | 2006 |
Release of GABA from sensory neurons transduced with a GAD67-expressing vector occurs by non-vesicular mechanisms.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Drug Interactions; Electric Stimulation; Embryo, Mammalian; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia, Spinal; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isoenzymes; Neurons, Afferent; Nipecotic Acids; Oximes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Simplexvirus; Spinal Nerves; Transfection; Tubulin | 2006 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid secreted from islet beta-cells modulates exocrine secretion in rat pancreas.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Cholecystokinin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GABA Antagonists; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Male; Pancreas, Exocrine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA-A | 2006 |
Oxo-4-methylpentanoic acid directs the metabolism of GABA into the Krebs cycle in rat pancreatic islets.
Topics: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Amino Acids; Animals; Cerebellum; Citric Acid Cycle; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Keto Acids; Leucine; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase; Time Factors; Transaminases | 2006 |
Dynamic regulation of synaptic GABA release by the glutamate-glutamine cycle in hippocampal area CA1.
Topics: Action Potentials; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Astrocytes; beta-Alanine; Electric Stimulation; Enzyme Inhibitors; GABA Antagonists; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA; Synapses | 2006 |
Topiramate raises anterior cingulate cortex glutamine levels in healthy men; a 4.0 T magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Fructose; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Topiramate | 2006 |
Glutamate is preferred over glutamine for intermediary metabolism in cultured cerebellar neurons.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Citric Acid Cycle; Culture Media; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Neurons; Succinic Acid | 2007 |
Quantification of cortical GABA-glutamine cycling rate using in vivo magnetic resonance signal of [2-13C]GABA derived from glia-specific substrate [2-13C]acetate.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamine; Kinetics; Macaca mulatta; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuroglia; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vigabatrin | 2007 |
Arginine and urea metabolism in the liver graft: A study using microdialysis in human orthotopic liver transplantation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arginine; Brain Death; Cadaver; Citrulline; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Liver Transplantation; Microdialysis; Middle Aged; Ornithine; Tissue Donors; Urea | 2006 |
Acute alterations of glutamate, glutamine, GABA, and other amino acids after spinal cord contusion in rats.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Citrulline; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spinal Cord Injuries; Taurine | 2007 |
Long-term kainic acid exposure reveals compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine metabolism in cultured cerebellar neurons.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Culture Media; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Isotope Labeling; Kainic Acid; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neurons; Neurotoxins | 2007 |
Reduction in occipital cortex gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations in medication-free recovered unipolar depressed and bipolar subjects.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Brain Mapping; Depressive Disorder; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Reference Values | 2007 |
Oral L-glutamine increases GABA levels in striatal tissue and extracellular fluid.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Extracellular Fluid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Kinetics; Male; Models, Biological; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2007 |
Simultaneous detection of resolved glutamate, glutamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid at 4 T.
Topics: Algorithms; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Complex Mixtures; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2007 |
Novel strategy for cerebral 13C MRS using very low RF power for proton decoupling.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Macaca mulatta; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Protons | 2007 |
Reduced prefrontal glutamate/glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in major depression determined using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Cell Count; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroglia; Prefrontal Cortex | 2007 |
In the developing rat hippocampus a tonic GABAA-mediated conductance selectively enhances the glutamatergic drive of principal cells.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Electric Stimulation; GABA Antagonists; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; GABA Uptake Inhibitors; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Interneurons; Membrane Potentials; Neural Inhibition; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Nipecotic Acids; Oximes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Picrotoxin; Pyramidal Cells; Pyridazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA-A; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors | 2007 |
Glutamate measurement in Parkinson's disease using MRS at 3 T field strength.
Topics: Antiparkinson Agents; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Levodopa; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Parkinson Disease; Reference Values | 2007 |
Susceptibility for homeostatic plasticity is down-regulated in parallel with maturation of the rat hippocampal synaptic circuitry.
Topics: Age Factors; Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Down-Regulation; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Homeostasis; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials; Neuronal Plasticity; Organ Culture Techniques; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin; Time Factors | 2007 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of malformations of cortical development causing epilepsy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Algorithms; Anticonvulsants; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Epilepsy; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Protons | 2007 |
Metabolic progression markers of neurodegeneration in the transgenic G93A-SOD1 mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Topics: Age Factors; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Mutation; Nerve Degeneration; Superoxide Dismutase; Time Factors | 2007 |
Brain energy metabolism and neurotransmission at near-freezing temperatures: in vivo (1)H MRS study of a hibernating mammal.
Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Cold Temperature; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Ethanolamines; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hibernation; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Sciuridae; Synaptic Transmission; Taurine | 2007 |
Study pharmacologic of the GABAergic and glutamatergic drugs on seizures and status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine in adult Wistar rats.
Topics: Amines; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketamine; Male; Muscarinic Agonists; N-Methylaspartate; Phenobarbital; Pilocarpine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Seizures; Status Epilepticus; Vigabatrin | 2007 |
Electrophysiological recording of re-aggregating brain cell cultures on multi-electrode arrays to detect acute neurotoxic effects.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Cell Aggregation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Central Nervous System Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Equipment Design; Ethanol; Evoked Potentials; Excitatory Amino Acid Agents; GABA Agents; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Methylmercury Compounds; Microelectrodes; Neural Inhibition; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Paraoxon; Parathion; Rats; Synaptic Transmission; Telencephalon; Time Factors; Tissue Array Analysis; Toxicity Tests; Trimethyltin Compounds | 2007 |
Astrocytes may play a role in the etiology of absence epilepsy: a comparison between immature GAERS not yet expressing seizures and adults.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Aging; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Cell Communication; Cell Differentiation; Disease Models, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glucose; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mitochondria; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Rats; Up-Regulation | 2007 |
Altered cerebral glucose and acetate metabolism in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase-deficient mice: evidence for glial dysfunction and reduced glutamate/glutamine cycling.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Glucose; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Neuroglia; Sodium Oxybate; Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase; Time Factors | 2007 |
Glutamine as a precursor for transmitter glutamate, aspartate and GABA in the cerebellum: a role for phosphate-activated glutaminase.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebellum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Nerve Fibers; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2008 |
A novel in vitro metabolomics approach for neurotoxicity testing, proof of principle for methyl mercury chloride and caffeine.
Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Choline; Creatine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Embryo, Mammalian; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Kidney; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver; Mercuric Chloride; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Principal Component Analysis; Rats; Spermine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Telencephalon | 2008 |
Metabolic changes detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo and in vitro in a murin model of Parkinson's disease, the MPTP-intoxicated mouse.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neural Pathways; Neurochemistry; Neurotransmitter Agents; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protons; Substantia Nigra; Synaptic Transmission; Up-Regulation | 2008 |
Metabonomic analysis identifies molecular changes associated with the pathophysiology and drug treatment of bipolar disorder.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antimanic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Creatine; Disease Models, Animal; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Reference Values | 2009 |
Distinct changes in neuronal and astrocytic amino acid neurotransmitter metabolism in mice with reduced numbers of synaptic vesicles.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Astrocytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Protein Precursors; Signal Transduction; Synapsins; Synaptic Vesicles | 2008 |
Simultaneous observation of glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamine in human brain at 4.7 T using localized two-dimensional constant-time correlation spectroscopy.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Creatine; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Energy Transfer; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Enhancement; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetics; Phantoms, Imaging; Protons; Radio Waves; Sensitivity and Specificity; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | 2008 |
Adaptations of glutamatergic synapses in the striatum contribute to recovery from cerebellar damage.
Topics: Animals; Cerebellum; Corpus Striatum; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Functional Laterality; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Male; Neural Pathways; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 2008 |
Analysis of glutamine, glutamate, pyroglutamate, and GABA in cerebrospinal fluid using ion pairing HPLC with positive electrospray LC/MS/MS.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; Rats; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization | 2008 |
Metabolism of [1,6-(13)C]glucose and [U-(13)C]glutamine and depolarization induced GABA release in superfused mouse cerebral cortical mini-slices.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Cortex; Cobalt; GABA Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Mice; Nipecotic Acids; Tiagabine | 2008 |
Membrane properties of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the rat prepositus hypoglossi nucleus.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain Stem; Cell Membrane; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Membrane Potentials; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Organ Culture Techniques; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | 2008 |
Elimination of KATP channels in mouse islets results in elevated [U-13C]glucose metabolism, glutaminolysis, and pyruvate cycling but a decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid shunt.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Genotype; Glucose; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamine; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Models, Biological; Oxygen; Potassium; Pyruvates | 2008 |
Extreme retinal remodeling triggered by light damage: implications for age related macular degeneration.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Atrophy; Carrier Proteins; Cell Movement; Choroid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Light; Macular Degeneration; Neurites; Phenotype; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate; Pigment Epithelium of Eye; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retina | 2008 |
Quantitation with QUEST of brain HRMAS-NMR signals: application to metabolic disorders in experimental epileptic seizures.
Topics: Acetates; Alanine; Algorithms; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Inositol; Lactates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Monte Carlo Method; Soman; Status Epilepticus | 2008 |
[Quantitation of glutamate in the brain by using MR proton spectroscopy at 1.5 T and 3 T].
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Dominance, Cerebral; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; In Vitro Techniques; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phantoms, Imaging; Reference Values; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thalamus | 2008 |
Blockade of GABA synthesis only affects neural excitability under activated conditions in rat hippocampal slices.
Topics: 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Creatine; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Agents; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Membrane Potentials; Nerve Net; Neurons; Potassium; Rats; Seizures; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2008 |
Effect of taurine on the concentrations of glutamate, GABA, glutamine and alanine in the rat striatum and hippocampus.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Chlorides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Neostriatum; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine | 2007 |
Identification of a neuropeptide S responsive circuitry shaping amygdala activity via the endopiriform nucleus.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Brain Mapping; Electrophysiology; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Models, Neurological; Nerve Net; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Synaptic Transmission | 2008 |
Activation of the GABA(A) receptor ameliorates the cochlear excitotoxicity caused by kainic acid in the guinea pig.
Topics: Acoustics; Action Potentials; Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Cochlea; Electrophysiology; GABA Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Kainic Acid; Muscimol; Neurons; Receptors, GABA-A | 2008 |
Proton MR spectroscopy of the hippocampus at 3 T in patients with unipolar major depressive disorder: correlates and predictors of treatment response.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Protons; Statistics, Nonparametric; Young Adult | 2009 |
Acute increase of the glutamate-glutamine cycling in discrete brain areas after administration of a single dose of amphetamine.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Caudate Nucleus; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Male; Neurons; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2008 |
Neurotransmitter alterations in embryonic succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency suggest a heightened excitatory state during development.
Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Neurotransmitter Agents; Phthalic Acids; Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase; Time Factors | 2008 |
Amino acid neurotransmitters assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: relationship to treatment resistance in major depressive disorder.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Resistance; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Occipital Lobe | 2009 |
Regulation of retinal morphology and posterior segment amino acids by 8-isoprostaglandin E2 in bovine eyes ex vivo.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Apoptosis; Cattle; Dinoprostone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Isoprostanes; Necrosis; Neurotransmitter Agents; Organ Culture Techniques; Retina | 2008 |
Metabolism of galactose in the brain and liver of rats and its conversion into glutamate and other amino acids.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Female; Galactose; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Liver; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2009 |
Neurochemical alterations in adolescent bipolar depression: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy pilot study of the prefrontal cortex.
Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Brain Chemistry; Child; Choline; Creatine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Pilot Projects; Prefrontal Cortex | 2008 |
Brain GABA levels in patients with bipolar disorder.
Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Brain Mapping; Case-Control Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Spectrum Analysis | 2009 |
Elevated endogenous GABA concentration attenuates glutamate-glutamine cycling between neurons and astroglia.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Acetates; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Carbon Radioisotopes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Injections, Intravenous; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vigabatrin | 2009 |
Neurochemical changes in the rat prefrontal cortex following acute phencyclidine treatment: an in vivo localized (1)H MRS study.
Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phencyclidine; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 2009 |
Neurochemical effects of theta burst stimulation as assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Brain Mapping; Electric Stimulation; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Motor Cortex; Neural Inhibition; Statistics, Nonparametric; Theta Rhythm; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Young Adult | 2009 |
The change in plasma GABA, glutamine and glutamate levels in fluoxetine- or S-citalopram-treated female patients with major depression.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Case-Control Studies; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Citalopram; Depression; Female; Fluoxetine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 2009 |
Differentiating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattentive and combined types: a (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of fronto-striato-thalamic regions.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Energy Metabolism; Female; Frontal Lobe; Functional Laterality; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prosencephalon; Pulvinar; Putamen; Radionuclide Imaging; Thalamus; Young Adult | 2009 |
The relationship between aberrant neuronal activation in the pregenual anterior cingulate, altered glutamatergic metabolism, and anhedonia in major depression.
Topics: Adult; Arousal; Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Corpus Callosum; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dominance, Cerebral; Emotions; Energy Metabolism; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neurons; Oxygen Consumption; Synaptic Transmission | 2009 |
A high performance liquid chromatography method with electrochemical detection of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate and glutamine in rat brain homogenates.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrochemical Techniques; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Linear Models; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2009 |
Altered prefrontal glutamate-glutamine-gamma-aminobutyric acid levels and relation to low cognitive performance and depressive symptoms in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Cognition Disorders; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Prefrontal Cortex | 2009 |
Two opposite effects of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol on subthalamic nucleus neuron activity: involvement of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission.
Topics: Animals; Dronabinol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hallucinogens; Male; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptors, GABA-A; Subthalamic Nucleus; Synaptic Transmission | 2010 |
Cadmium chloride exposure modifies amino acid daily pattern in the mediobasal hypothalamus in adult male rat.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cadmium Chloride; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hypothalamus; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine | 2010 |
A biotin-coupled bifunctional enzyme exhibiting both glutamine synthetase activity and glutamate decarboxylase activity.
Topics: Animals; Avidin; Biotin; Chickens; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnesium; Peptide Mapping; Protein Multimerization; Retina; Substrate Specificity; Ultrafiltration | 2009 |
Methionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, lowers brain glutamine and glutamate in a mouse model of ALS.
Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Animals; Biomarkers; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Methionine Sulfoximine; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Motor Cortex; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxins; Oxidative Stress; Superoxide Dismutase; Superoxide Dismutase-1; Treatment Outcome | 2010 |
Zinc and glutamine improve brain development in suckling mice subjected to early postnatal malnutrition.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Dietary Supplements; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Lactation; Malnutrition; Mice; Micronutrients; Neurons; Pregnancy; Swimming; Synaptophysin; Weight Gain; Zinc; Zinc Acetate | 2010 |
Obesity and type 2 diabetes in rats are associated with altered brain glycogen and amino-acid homeostasis.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Brain; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen; Male; Obesity; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Zucker | 2010 |
Maternal exposure to dioxin reduces hypothalamic but not pituitary metabolome in fetal rats: a possible mechanism for a fetus-specific reduction in steroidogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Depression, Chemical; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamine; Gonadotropins; Hypothalamus; Male; Maternal Exposure; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Metabolome; Pituitary Gland; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2010 |
Single prolonged stress decreases glutamate, glutamine, and creatine concentrations in the rat medial prefrontal cortex.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Stress, Psychological; Synaptic Transmission | 2010 |
Cadmium effects on 24h changes in glutamate, aspartate, glutamine, GABA and taurine content of rat striatum.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cadmium; Circadian Rhythm; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Neostriatum; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine; Time Factors | 2010 |
Effect of acute psychological stress on prefrontal GABA concentration determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Animals; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Down-Regulation; Electroshock; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Stress, Psychological; Synaptic Transmission | 2010 |
Metabolic changes detected in vivo by 1H MRS in the MPTP-intoxicated mouse.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Brain; Dopamine; Dopamine Agents; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Levodopa; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neurotoxins; Protons | 2010 |
Knockout of GAD65 has major impact on synaptic GABA synthesized from astrocyte-derived glutamine.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Astrocytes; Blotting, Western; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; GABA Agents; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucose; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Synapses; Vigabatrin | 2011 |
Energetics of inhibition: insights with a computational model of the human GABAergic neuron-astrocyte cellular complex.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Astrocytes; Bayes Theorem; Cell Communication; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Homeostasis; Humans; Hydrolysis; Lactic Acid; Models, Neurological; Neurons; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Protein Precursors | 2010 |
Brain glutamine synthesis requires neuronal-born aspartate as amino donor for glial glutamate formation.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Brain Chemistry; Cells, Cultured; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Lactic Acid; Leucine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Microscopy, Electron; Neurons; Nitrogen; Pyruvic Acid | 2011 |
Anticonvulsive effect of vitamin C on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in immature rats.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Ascorbic Acid; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Convulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epilepsies, Myoclonic; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Male; Pentylenetetrazole; Progesterone; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seizures; Vitamins | 2010 |
Elevated cortical glutamate in young people at increased familial risk of depression.
Topics: Adolescent; Cerebral Cortex; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Family; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Occipital Lobe; Risk Factors; Young Adult | 2011 |
Binge toluene exposure alters glutamate, glutamine and GABA in the adolescent rat brain as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inhalation Exposure; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Protons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Toluene | 2011 |
Accuracy and stability of measuring GABA, glutamate, and glutamine by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a phantom study at 4 Tesla.
Topics: Brain Chemistry; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Electromagnetic Fields; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Monte Carlo Method; Phantoms, Imaging; Protons | 2011 |
Localization of mineralocorticoid receptors at mammalian synapses.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Brain; Cell Nucleus; Dendrites; Dendritic Spines; Fear; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Immunoblotting; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Mineralocorticoid; Synapses | 2010 |
Pre-synaptic histamine H₃ receptors modulate glutamatergic transmission in rat globus pallidus.
Topics: Animals; Dopamine; Electrophysiology; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Globus Pallidus; Glutamine; Male; Movement; Neurons; Organ Culture Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Histamine H3; Receptors, Presynaptic; Synaptic Transmission | 2011 |
Reduction of plasma membrane glutamate transport potentiates insulin but not glucagon secretion in pancreatic islet cells.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cell Membrane; Cells, Cultured; Dicarboxylic Acids; Epinephrine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucagon; Glucagon-Secreting Cells; Glucose; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Ketoglutaric Acids; Malates; Male; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Transcription, Genetic | 2011 |
Effect of flutamide and two novel synthetic steroids on GABA, glutamine and some oxidative stress markers in rat brain and prostate.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Diazepam; Estrone; Flutamide; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Oxidative Stress; Progesterone; Prostate; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Serotonin; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Testosterone | 2011 |
Reduced astrocytic contribution to the turnover of glutamate, glutamine, and GABA characterizes the latent phase in the kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon Isotopes; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Isotope Labeling; Kainic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats; Transaminases | 2011 |
Retinal remodeling in the Tg P347L rabbit, a large-eye model of retinal degeneration.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Electroretinography; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Glycine; Humans; Male; Opsins; Rabbits; Retina; Retinal Degeneration; Retinitis Pigmentosa; Taurine | 2011 |
Endogenous GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptor-mediated electrical suppression is critical to neuronal anoxia tolerance.
Topics: Action Potentials; Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Electrophysiological Phenomena; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hypoxia, Brain; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, GABA-B; Signal Transduction; Turtles | 2011 |
Cortical substrate oxidation during hyperketonemia in the fasted anesthetized rat in vivo.
Topics: Algorithms; Amino Acids; Anesthesia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydroxybutyrates; Ketone Bodies; Ketones; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurons; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2011 |
Increase of hippocampal glutamate after electroconvulsive treatment: a quantitative proton MR spectroscopy study at 9.4 T in an animal model of depression.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Electroconvulsive Therapy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Helplessness, Learned; Hippocampus; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine | 2012 |
Changes of amino acid concentrations in the rat vestibular nuclei after midline lesions.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine; Vestibular Nuclei | 2011 |
An investigation of amino-acid neurotransmitters as potential predictors of clinical improvement to ketamine in depression.
Topics: Adult; Cerebral Cortex; Depressive Disorder, Major; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Predictive Value of Tests; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Retrospective Studies | 2012 |
Rat brain slices oxidize glucose at high rates: a (13)C NMR study.
Topics: Acetates; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2011 |
¹H-[¹³C]-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures of ketamine's effect on amino acid neurotransmitter metabolism.
Topics: Affect; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cognition; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Hydrogen; Ketamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuroglia; Neurotransmitter Agents; Perception; Prefrontal Cortex; Radionuclide Imaging; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2012 |
Elevated prefrontal cortex γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate-glutamine levels in schizophrenia measured in vivo with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Neuroimaging; Prefrontal Cortex; Schizophrenia | 2012 |
Glial glutamate transporter and glutamine synthetase regulate GABAergic synaptic strength in the spinal dorsal horn.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamine; Kainic Acid; Male; Neuroglia; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Posterior Horn Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synapses | 2012 |
¹H NMR-based metabonomic analysis of brain in rats of morphine dependence and withdrawal intervention.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Metabolomics; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Narcotics; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2012 |
Phase-adjusted echo time (PATE)-averaging 1 H MRS: application for improved glutamine quantification at 2.89 T.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Computer Simulation; Creatinine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Protons; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2012 |
Frontal GABA levels change during working memory.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Neuroimaging; Neurotransmitter Agents; Prefrontal Cortex; Reaction Time | 2012 |
Expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic phenotypic markers in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons.
Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hypothalamus; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Male; Mice; Neurons; Phenotype; Pro-Opiomelanocortin | 2012 |
Chronic h1-antihistamine treatment increases seizure susceptibility after withdrawal by impairing glutamine synthetase.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Blotting, Western; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Convulsants; Electroshock; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Histidine Decarboxylase; Immunohistochemistry; Kindling, Neurologic; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Pentylenetetrazole; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seizures; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2012 |
In vivo MRS and histochemistry of status epilepticus-induced hippocampal pathology in a juvenile model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Choline; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2013 |
Effects of halothane on GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission in isolated hippocampal nerve-synapse preparations.
Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; CA3 Region, Hippocampal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Halothane; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 2012 |
Investigation of cortical glutamate-glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid in obsessive-compulsive disorder by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Young Adult | 2012 |
Metabolic changes detected by ex vivo high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy in the striatum of 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's rat.
Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Neostriatum; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2013 |
Changes in the C/N balance caused by increasing external ammonium concentrations are driven by carbon and energy availabilities during ammonium nutrition in pea plants: the key roles of asparagine synthetase and anaplerotic enzymes.
Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Asparagine; Aspartate-Ammonia Ligase; Carbon; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Light; Nitrogen; Pisum sativum; Polyamines | 2013 |
Effects of dietary glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid on meat colour, pH, composition, and water-holding characteristic in broilers under cyclic heat stress.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hot Temperature; Male; Meat; Pectoralis Muscles; Random Allocation | 2012 |
Mitochondrial metabolism of glucose and glutamine is required for intracellular growth of Toxoplasma gondii.
Topics: Aconitate Hydratase; Animals; Citric Acid Cycle; Fatty Acids; Fluoroacetates; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamine; Host-Parasite Interactions; Mitochondria; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis, Animal | 2012 |
Marked reductions in visual evoked responses but not γ-aminobutyric acid concentrations or γ-band measures in remitted depression.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Brain Waves; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Female; Functional Neuroimaging; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Visual Cortex | 2013 |
Relationship between transcranial magnetic stimulation measures of intracortical inhibition and spectroscopy measures of GABA and glutamate+glutamine.
Topics: Adult; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Motor Cortex; Neural Inhibition; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation | 2013 |
Brain dynamic neurochemical changes in dystonic patients: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Dystonia; Energy Metabolism; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Neostriatum; Neural Pathways; Somatosensory Cortex; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Upper Extremity; Young Adult | 2013 |
Highly resolved two-dimensional ¹H spectroscopy of the human brain using ISIS CT-PRESS with resolution enhancement.
Topics: Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Enhancement; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phantoms, Imaging; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Signal-To-Noise Ratio | 2012 |
γ-Aminobutyric acid-mediated neurotransmission in cerebellar-hypothalamic circuit attenuates gastric mucosal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion.
Topics: Animals; Celiac Artery; Cerebellum; Electric Stimulation; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gastric Mucosa; Glutamine; Hypothalamus; Male; Microinjections; Nerve Net; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Synaptic Transmission | 2013 |
Amino acid immunoreactivity in normal human retina and after brachytherapy.
Topics: Aged; Amino Acids; Brachytherapy; Eye Banks; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Ischemia; Male; Retina; Retinal Diseases; Taurine | 2013 |
Modeling of the nervous system: from modulation of glutamatergic and gabaergic molecular dynamics to neuron spiking activity.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Computer Simulation; GABAergic Neurons; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Kinetics; Models, Neurological; Neurons; Pyramidal Cells; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Systems Biology | 2012 |
[Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of metabolic changes in mice brain after 2-deoxy-D-glucose injection].
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Deoxyglucose; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mice; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Radiography | 2012 |
Quantification of the neurochemical profile using simulated macromolecule resonances at 3 T.
Topics: Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Macromolecular Substances; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mathematics | 2013 |
Succinate is an inflammatory signal that induces IL-1β through HIF-1α.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Citric Acid Cycle; Deoxyglucose; Down-Regulation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Genes, Mitochondrial; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Humans; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Mice; Signal Transduction; Succinic Acid; Up-Regulation | 2013 |
Differential levels of brain amino acids in rat models presenting learned helplessness or non-learned helplessness.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Helplessness, Learned; Male; Models, Animal; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2013 |
A comparative study of short- and long-TE ¹H MRS at 3 T for in vivo detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate in brain tumors.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutarates; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Mutation; Phantoms, Imaging; Protons; Young Adult | 2013 |
Time-dependent effects of haloperidol on glutamine and GABA homeostasis and astrocyte activity in the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Astrocytes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Haloperidol; Homeostasis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prosencephalon; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Schizophrenia; Time Factors | 2013 |
In vivo neurometabolic profiling to characterize the effects of social isolation and ketamine-induced NMDA antagonism: a rodent study at 7.0 T.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Ketamine; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Social Isolation | 2014 |
An imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis revealed by use of 3-T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Down-Regulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Neural Inhibition; Riluzole; Up-Regulation | 2013 |
Systematic regional variations of GABA, glutamine, and glutamate concentrations follow receptor fingerprints of human cingulate cortex.
Topics: Adult; Brain Mapping; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Linear Models; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, GABA-B; Young Adult | 2013 |
Electrographic seizures are significantly reduced by in vivo inhibition of neuronal uptake of extracellular glutamine in rat hippocampus.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System A; Amino Acid Transport Systems; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures | 2013 |
Reversal of metabolic deficits by lipoic acid in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: a 13C NMR study.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Citric Acid Cycle; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Thioctic Acid; Vitamin B Complex | 2014 |
Absolute quantitation of glutamate, GABA and glutamine using localized 2D constant-time COSY spectroscopy in vivo.
Topics: Algorithms; Brain Chemistry; Calibration; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phantoms, Imaging; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | 2014 |
A fluorescence-coupled assay for gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) reveals metabolic stress-induced modulation of GABA content in neuroendocrine cancer.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Atlases as Topic; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; Cell Line, Tumor; Enzyme Assays; Fluorescence; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glucose; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Oxazines; Prostatic Neoplasms; Signal Transduction; Stress, Physiological; Survival Analysis; Xanthenes | 2014 |
Investigation of glutamine and GABA levels in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy using MEGAPRESS.
Topics: Adult; Epilepsy, Generalized; Female; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2015 |
Neuronal and astrocytic metabolism in a transgenic rat model of Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Citric Acid Cycle; Disease Models, Animal; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neurons; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Transgenic; Rats, Wistar | 2014 |
tDCS-induced alterations in GABA concentration within primary motor cortex predict motor learning and motor memory: a 7 T magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adult; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Learning; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Memory; Motor Cortex; Motor Skills; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; Visual Cortex; Young Adult | 2014 |
Transmitter self-regulation by extracellular glutamate in fresh human cortical slices.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Extracellular Fluid; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Neurons; Tetrodotoxin; Time Factors; Veratridine | 2014 |
In vivo 1H MRS study in microlitre voxels in the hippocampus of a mouse model of Down syndrome at 11.7 T.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Disease Models, Animal; Dominance, Cerebral; Down Syndrome; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Neurologic Mutants; Neuroimaging; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2014 |
Measurement of regional variation of GABA in the human brain by optimized point-resolved spectroscopy at 7 T in vivo.
Topics: Adult; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Computer Simulation; Creatine; Dipeptides; Feasibility Studies; Female; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Male; Occipital Lobe; Phantoms, Imaging; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Protons; White Matter; Young Adult | 2014 |
Non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for estimating the onset time of permanent cerebral ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Brain Ischemia; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Time Factors | 2014 |
Stimulation of δ opioid receptor and blockade of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor synergistically attenuate parkinsonism.
Topics: Animals; Benzamides; Benzimidazoles; Corpus Striatum; Dopaminergic Neurons; Drug Synergism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials; Locomotion; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; MPTP Poisoning; Nociceptin Receptor; Piperazines; Piperidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Substantia Nigra; Thalamus | 2014 |
Evaluation of impact-induced traumatic brain injury in the Göttingen Minipig using two input modes.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Injuries; Dipeptides; Disease Models, Animal; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Swine; Swine, Miniature | 2014 |
Abnormal relationship between GABA, neurophysiology and impulsive behavior in neurofibromatosis type 1.
Topics: Adolescent; Attention; Brain; Child; Electroencephalography; Executive Function; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Inhibition, Psychological; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurofibromatosis 1; Neuropsychological Tests; Young Adult | 2015 |
Glutamate, GABA, and glutamine are synchronously upregulated in the mouse lateral septum during the postpartum period.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Signal Transduction; Transcriptional Activation; Up-Regulation | 2014 |
Alterations of GABA and glutamate-glutamine levels in premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a 3T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Case-Control Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Luteal Phase; Menstrual Cycle; Prefrontal Cortex; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2015 |
Neurochemical effects of chronic administration of calcitriol in rats.
Topics: Animals; Calcitriol; Calcium; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Homeostasis; Male; Monoamine Oxidase; Neurotransmitter Agents; Phosphorus; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Calcitriol; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin; Tryptophan Hydroxylase | 2014 |
Type 1 diabetes alters astrocytic properties related with neurotransmitter supply, causing abnormal neuronal activities.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Astrocytes; Blotting, Western; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glucose; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Prefrontal Cortex; Reactive Nitrogen Species; Reactive Oxygen Species | 2015 |
Relationship of γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate+glutamine concentrations in the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex with performance of Cambridge Gambling Task.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Decision Making; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Risk; Young Adult | 2015 |
Glutamatergic and neurometabolic alterations in chronic cocaine users measured with (1) H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2016 |
Effects of γ-Aminobutyric acid transporter 1 inhibition by tiagabine on brain glutamate and γ-Aminobutyric acid metabolism in the anesthetized rat In vivo.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Nipecotic Acids; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tiagabine | 2015 |
Optimal excitation and emission wavelengths to analyze amino acids and optimize neurotransmitters quantification using precolumn OPA-derivatization by HPLC.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; o-Phthalaldehyde; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine | 2015 |
Assessment of glutamate in striatal subregions in obsessive-compulsive disorder with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Corpus Striatum; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2015 |
¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy of Thy-1-APPSL mice brain extracts indicates metabolic changes in Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Creatine; Disease Models, Animal; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Male; Mice, Transgenic; Mutation; Peptide Fragments; Phosphorylcholine; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2015 |
Relationship among Glutamine, γ-Aminobutyric Acid, and Social Cognition in Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Cognition; Creatinine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Intelligence; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male | 2015 |
Stable isotope dilution HILIC-MS/MS method for accurate quantification of glutamic acid, glutamine, pyroglutamic acid, GABA and theanine in mouse brain tissues.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Chromatography, Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Male; Mice; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2016 |
Developmental changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Adult; Age Factors; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child Development; Female; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gray Matter; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2015 |
(1)H NMR-Based Metabolomics and Neurotoxicity Study of Cerebrum and Cerebellum in Rats Treated with Cinnabar, a Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cell Death; Cerebellum; Cerebrum; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inositol; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Membrane Fluidity; Mercury Compounds; Metabolomics; Neurons; Organ Specificity; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Taurine | 2015 |
A pilot in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of amino acid neurotransmitter response to ketamine treatment of major depressive disorder.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Antidepressive Agents; Brain; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketamine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pilot Projects; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Tritium | 2016 |
Low visual cortex GABA levels in hepatic encephalopathy: links to blood ammonia, critical flicker frequency, and brain osmolytes.
Topics: Ammonia; Brain Chemistry; Creatine; Female; Flicker Fusion; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Osmolar Concentration; Visual Cortex | 2015 |
Anterior cingulate Glutamate-Glutamine cycle metabolites are altered in euthymic bipolar I disorder.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Antidepressive Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2015 |
Interactive effects of glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid on growth performance and skeletal muscle amino acid metabolism of 22-42-day-old broilers exposed to hot environment.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Amino Acids; Animal Feed; Animals; Avian Proteins; Chickens; Dietary Supplements; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Heat Stress Disorders; Hot Temperature; Humidity; Male; Muscle, Skeletal | 2016 |
GABA content within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is related to trait anxiety.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anxiety; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2016 |
[Cerebral metabolic changes and chronic back pain: Study taking into consideration clinical and psychological parameters].
Topics: Back Pain; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; Excitatory Amino Acids; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neural Inhibition; Neurotransmitter Agents; Reference Values | 2016 |
The inhibition/excitation ratio related to task-induced oscillatory modulations during a working memory task: A multtimodal-imaging study using MEG and MRS.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetoencephalography; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Young Adult | 2016 |
Elevated prefrontal cortex GABA in patients with major depressive disorder after TMS treatment measured with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2016 |
Age-related changes in anterior cingulate cortex glutamate in schizophrenia: A (1)H MRS Study at 7 Tesla.
Topics: Adult; Aging; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Dipeptides; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia | 2016 |
Transiently increased glutamate cycling in rat PFC is associated with rapid onset of antidepressant-like effects.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phenols; Piperidines; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Scopolamine | 2017 |
Neurochemical Changes Associated with Stress-Induced Sleep Disturbance in Rats: In Vivo and In Vitro Measurements.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Radiography; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serotonin; Sleep Wake Disorders; Stress, Psychological; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2016 |
Elevated basal glutamate and unchanged glutamine and GABA in refractory epilepsy: Microdialysis study of 79 patients at the yale epilepsy surgery program.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cerebral Cortex; Child; Drug Resistant Epilepsy; Electrodes, Implanted; Electroencephalography; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Male; Microdialysis; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2016 |
Altered neuronal spontaneous activity correlates with glutamate concentration in medial prefrontal cortex of major depressed females: An fMRI-MRS study.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neurons; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales | 2016 |
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Patients with Insomnia: A Repeated Measurement Study.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Case-Control Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Polysomnography; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders | 2016 |
7T Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Glutamate, and Glutamine Reveals Altered Concentrations in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Siblings.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia; Siblings | 2017 |
Involvement of glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in the expression of increased head-dipping behaviors in the hole-board tests of olfactory bulbectomized mice.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Disease Models, Animal; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Exploratory Behavior; Frontal Lobe; GABA-A Receptor Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Head Movements; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Motor Activity; Muscimol; Olfactory Bulb; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2016 |
Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2) Function in the Brain as Revealed by the Cerebral Metabolism of (1-
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Mice, 129 Strain; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Uncoupling Protein 2 | 2017 |
(1)H-MRS and MEGA-PRESS pulse sequence in the study of balance of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the human brain of ultra-high risk of schizophrenia patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Creatine; Frontal Lobe; Functional Laterality; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Prodromal Symptoms; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Risk; Schizophrenia; Young Adult | 2016 |
A novel excitatory network for the control of breathing.
Topics: Animals; Cholinergic Neurons; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Respiration; Respiratory Center; Synapses; Time Factors | 2016 |
Ketamine modulates hippocampal neurochemistry and functional connectivity: a combined magnetic resonance spectroscopy and resting-state fMRI study in healthy volunteers.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Healthy Volunteers; Hippocampus; Humans; Ketamine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurochemistry; Neuroimaging; Prefrontal Cortex; Rest | 2017 |
Differential Contributions of GABA Concentration in Frontal and Parietal Regions to Individual Differences in Attentional Blink.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Attentional Blink; Female; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Individuality; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Parietal Lobe; Photic Stimulation; Young Adult | 2016 |
Functional metabolic interactions of human neuron-astrocyte 3D in vitro networks.
Topics: Astrocytes; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Communication; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nerve Net; Neuroglia; Neurons | 2016 |
Combined glutamate and glutamine levels in pain-processing brain regions are associated with individual pain sensitivity.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Pain; Pain Threshold; Protons; Young Adult | 2016 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of neurometabolite changes in the developing rat brain at 7T.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Species Specificity; Taurine | 2016 |
Enzyme activities involved in the glutamate-glutamine cycle are altered to reduce glutamate after spinal cord injury in rats.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme Activation; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spinal Cord Injuries; Time Factors | 2016 |
Glucose, Lactate, β-Hydroxybutyrate, Acetate, GABA, and Succinate as Substrates for Synthesis of Glutamate and GABA in the Glutamine-Glutamate/GABA Cycle.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetates; Animals; Astrocytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Neurons; Succinates | 2016 |
The Glutamine Transporters and Their Role in the Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Humans; Membrane Transport Proteins; Neurons | 2016 |
d-Cycloserine, an NMDA Glutamate Receptor Glycine Site Partial Agonist, Induces Acute Increases in Brain Glutamate Plus Glutamine and GABA Comparable to Ketamine.
Topics: Brain Chemistry; Cycloserine; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ketamine; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2016 |
Brain glutamate in anorexia nervosa: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy case control study at 7 Tesla.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anorexia Nervosa; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Creatine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Occipital Lobe; Young Adult | 2017 |
Glutamate-glutamine and GABA in brain of normal aged and patients with cognitive impairment.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Analysis of Variance; Case-Control Studies; Cognitive Dysfunction; Early Diagnosis; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2017 |
Reduced
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Risk; Schizophrenia; Young Adult | 2016 |
Auditory multistability and neurotransmitter concentrations in the human brain.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adult; Auditory Cortex; Auditory Perception; Female; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Young Adult | 2017 |
Altered glutamate metabolism contributes to antiepileptogenic effects in the progression from focal seizure to generalized seizure by low-frequency stimulation in the ventral hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Dentate Gyrus; Disease Progression; Electric Stimulation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Kindling, Neurologic; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seizures | 2017 |
Glutamatergic metabolites are associated with visual plasticity in humans.
Topics: Adult; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Long-Term Potentiation; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Multimodal Imaging; Neuronal Plasticity; Visual Cortex; Young Adult | 2017 |
Reliability of glutamate and GABA quantification using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Reproducibility of Results; Young Adult | 2017 |
Massively augmented hippocampal dentate granule cell activation accompanies epilepsy development.
Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Dentate Gyrus; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Neural Inhibition; Neurons | 2017 |
Characterization of energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in cortical glutamatergic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells: A novel approach to study metabolism in human neurons.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; Fibroblasts; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Mice; Middle Aged; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2017 |
Parachlorophenylalanine-induced 5-HT depletion alters behavioral and brain neurotransmitters levels in 6-Hz psychomotor seizure model in mice.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Electroshock; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Neurotransmitter Agents; Phenylalanine; Psychomotor Agitation; Seizures; Serotonin; Valproic Acid | 2017 |
Improvement of Antioxidant Defences and Mood Status by Oral GABA Tea Administration in a Mouse Model of Post-Stroke Depression.
Topics: Affect; Animals; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Reproducibility of Results; Stroke; Tea | 2017 |
Current Study of the Mechanism of Action of the Potential Anti-Epileptic Agent Q808.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Electroshock; Epilepsy; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Phthalazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA; Tetrazoles | 2017 |
Impact of dexmedetomidine on amino acid contents and the cerebral ultrastructure of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Cortex; Dexmedetomidine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reperfusion Injury | 2017 |
In vivo gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate levels in people with first-episode schizophrenia: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; ROC Curve; Schizophrenia; Young Adult | 2018 |
Protocadherin 10 alters γ oscillations, amino acid levels, and their coupling; baclofen partially restores these oscillatory deficits.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Auditory Perception; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Baclofen; Cadherins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrocorticography; Electrodes, Implanted; Evoked Potentials; Female; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Gamma Rhythm; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Male; Mice, Transgenic; Protocadherins; Sex Characteristics; Theta Rhythm | 2017 |
Sex differences in the glutamate signaling pathway in juvenile rats.
Topics: Animals; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sex Factors; Signal Transduction | 2018 |
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex GABA deficit in older adults with sleep-disordered breathing.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Sleep Apnea Syndromes | 2017 |
Anterior cingulate cortex γ-aminobutyric acid deficits in youth with depression.
Topics: Adolescent; Anhedonia; Brain; Child; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Severity of Illness Index; Young Adult | 2017 |
Assessment of intra- and inter-regional interrelations between GABA+, Glx and BOLD during pain perception in the human brain - A combined
Topics: Adult; Brain; Brain Mapping; Functional Laterality; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Oxygen; Pain Perception; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Statistics, Nonparametric; Young Adult | 2017 |
Occipital GABA levels in older adults and their relationship to visual perceptual suppression.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Young Adult | 2017 |
Improved resolution of glutamate, glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid with optimized point-resolved spectroscopy sequence timings for their simultaneous quantification at 9.4 T.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phantoms, Imaging; Rats | 2018 |
Quantification of GABA, glutamate and glutamine in a single measurement at 3 T using GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Phantoms, Imaging; Young Adult | 2018 |
GABA concentration in sensorimotor cortex following high-intensity exercise and relationship to lactate levels.
Topics: Adult; Exercise; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Lactates; Male; Sensorimotor Cortex | 2018 |
Medial Frontal Lobe Neurochemistry in Autism Spectrum Disorder is Marked by Reduced N-Acetylaspartate and Unchanged Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate + Glutamine Levels.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Biomarkers; Child; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prefrontal Cortex | 2018 |
Integrating Extracellular Flux Measurements and Genome-Scale Modeling Reveals Differences between Brown and White Adipocytes.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Adipocytes, Brown; Adipocytes, White; Ammonia; Cell Line, Transformed; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Genome, Human; Glucose; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolome; Organ Specificity; Oxygen Consumption; Palmitic Acid; Primary Cell Culture; Software; Urea | 2017 |
Amalaki Rasayana improved memory and neuronal metabolic activity in AbPP-PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Cognition; Donepezil; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Indans; Male; Maze Learning; Medicine, Ayurvedic; Memory; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Piperidines; Plant Extracts; Presenilin-1 | 2017 |
The effects of neurochemical balance in the anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on volitional control under irrelevant distraction.
Topics: Adult; Executive Function; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inhibition, Psychological; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychomotor Performance; Volition; Young Adult | 2018 |
Relationship between absolute and relative ratios of glutamate, glutamine and GABA and severity of autism spectrum disorder.
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Biomarkers; Child; Cognition; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Severity of Illness Index; Social Behavior | 2018 |
Rapid analysis of glutamate, glutamine and GABA in mice frontal cortex microdialysis samples using HPLC coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Acetonitriles; Ammonium Compounds; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microdialysis; Neurotransmitter Agents; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Sulfonic Acids; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2018 |
Distinction of the GABA 2.29 ppm resonance using triple refocusing at 3 T in vivo.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Phantoms, Imaging; Young Adult | 2018 |
Neurotransmitter activity is linked to outcome following subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Aged; Basal Ganglia; Deep Brain Stimulation; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Parkinson Disease; Pons; Subthalamic Nucleus | 2018 |
Simultaneous measurement of glutamate, glutamine, GABA, and glutathione by spectral editing without subtraction.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Young Adult | 2018 |
J-difference-edited MRS measures of γ-aminobutyric acid before and after acute caffeine administration.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Aspartic Acid; Brain Mapping; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Normal Distribution; Young Adult | 2018 |
Increased thalamic glutamate/glutamine levels in migraineurs.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders; Thalamus; Young Adult | 2018 |
Inhibition-excitation balance in the parietal cortex modulates volitional control for auditory and visual multistability.
Topics: Adult; Auditory Perception; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neural Inhibition; Parietal Lobe; Visual Perception | 2018 |
Fermentation performance and metabolomic analysis of an engineered high-yield PUFA-producing strain of Schizochytrium sp.
Topics: Bioengineering; Biomarkers; Bioreactors; Biotechnology; Cell Proliferation; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Fermentation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucose; Glutamine; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Metabolomics; Multivariate Analysis; Proline; Stramenopiles | 2019 |
GABA, glutamine, glutamate oxidation and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase expression in human gliomas.
Topics: Cell Proliferation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase | 2018 |
Effects of carrier frequency mismatch on frequency-selective spectral editing.
Topics: Algorithms; Computer Simulation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Gyrus Cinguli; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Monte Carlo Method; Signal-To-Noise Ratio | 2019 |
Brain Glutamate, GABA, and Glutamine Levels and Associations with Recent Drinking in Treatment-Naïve Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder Versus Light Drinkers.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2019 |
Nucleus accumbens neurochemistry in human anxiety: A 7 T
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Aspartic Acid; Correlation of Data; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Neurochemistry; Nucleus Accumbens; Personality; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychometrics; Saliva; Taurine; Tritium; Young Adult | 2019 |
Assessing Brain Metabolism With 7-T Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Patients With First-Episode Psychosis.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dipeptides; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychotic Disorders; Young Adult | 2019 |
A comparative study on influences of static electric field and power frequency electric field on cognition in mice.
Topics: Animals; Cognition; Electromagnetic Fields; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Learning; Male; Maze Learning; Mice, Inbred ICR; Static Electricity | 2019 |
Validation of in vivo MRS measures of metabolite concentrations in the human brain.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Dipeptides; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Metabolome; Young Adult | 2019 |
Dyslexia and age related effects in the neurometabolites concentration in the visual and temporo-parietal cortex.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Dyslexia; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Occipital Lobe | 2019 |
Immunological and Neurometabolite Changes Associated With Switch From Efavirenz to an Integrase Inhibitor.
Topics: Adult; Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Benzoxazines; Biomarkers; Boston; Central Nervous System; Cyclopropanes; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; HIV Infections; HIV Integrase Inhibitors; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Middle Aged; Neurons; Neuropsychology; Oxidative Stress; Pilot Projects; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I | 2019 |
Reduced excitatory neurotransmitter levels in anterior insulae are associated with abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adolescent; Adult; Cerebral Cortex; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acids; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Young Adult | 2019 |
Investigation of anterior cingulate cortex gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate-glutamine levels in obsessive-compulsive disorder using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Young Adult | 2019 |
Association between prefrontal glutamine levels and neuroticism determined using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Neuroticism; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Young Adult | 2019 |
Effects of Sub-Acute Manganese Exposure on Thyroid Hormone and Glutamine (Gln)/Glutamate (Glu)-γ- Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Cycle in Serum of Rats.
Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Male; Manganese; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine | 2019 |
Relating excitatory and inhibitory neurochemicals to visual perception: A magnetic resonance study of occipital cortex between migraine events.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders; Migraine with Aura; Migraine without Aura; Neurotransmitter Agents; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Young Adult | 2019 |
Dynamic changes in cerebral and peripheral markers of glutamatergic signaling across the human sleep-wake cycle.
Topics: Adult; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Signal Transduction; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Wakefulness; Young Adult | 2019 |
Dose-dependent metabolite changes after ethanol intoxication in rat prefrontal cortex using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Alcoholic Intoxication; Animals; Choline; Creatine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2019 |
Elucidating the putative link between prefrontal neurotransmission, functional connectivity, and affective symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Case-Control Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Prefrontal Cortex; Young Adult | 2019 |
Intra-Regional Glu-GABA vs Inter-Regional Glu-Glu Imbalance: A 1H-MRS Study of the Neurochemistry of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Hallucinations; Humans; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia; Temporal Lobe | 2020 |
Short echo-time Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in ALS, simultaneous quantification of glutamate and GABA at 3 T.
Topics: Aged; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Aspartic Acid; Atrophy; Choline; Creatine; Disease Progression; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Gray Matter; Hand Strength; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Occipital Lobe; Pilot Projects; Severity of Illness Index; Single-Blind Method | 2019 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy across chronic pain disorders: a systematic review protocol synthesising anatomical and metabolite findings in chronic pain patients.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Chronic Pain; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Systematic Reviews as Topic | 2019 |
Impulsive decision-making and gambling severity: The influence of γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) and glutamate-glutamine (Glx).
Topics: Adult; Decision Making; Delay Discounting; Gambling; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe | 2020 |
A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of Superior Visual Search Abilities in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Attention; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Brain; Child; Creatine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Visual Perception | 2020 |
Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on GABA and Glx in Children: A pilot study.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Learning; Male; Motor Cortex; Sensorimotor Cortex; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation | 2020 |
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cell Line, Tumor; Diagnostic Imaging; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glioblastoma; Glioma; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Rats; Staining and Labeling | 2020 |
In vivo Glx and Glu measurements from GABA-edited MRS at 3 T.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Confidence Intervals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Sensorimotor Cortex; Young Adult | 2021 |
Genetics of schizophrenia in the South African Xhosa.
Topics: Age Factors; Autistic Disorder; Bipolar Disorder; Dopamine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Genetic Variation; Glutamine; Humans; Male; Mutation; Neural Pathways; Schizophrenia; Sex Factors; South Africa; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 2020 |
Cerebral Glutamate and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Levels in Individuals at Ultra-high Risk for Psychosis and the Association With Clinical Symptoms and Cognition.
Topics: Cognition; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Psychotic Disorders | 2020 |
Glutamatergic and GABA-ergic abnormalities in First-episode depression. A 1-year follow-up 1H-MR spectroscopic study.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Follow-Up Studies; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2020 |
Atlas-based GABA mapping with 3D MEGA-MRSI: Cross-correlation to single-voxel MRS.
Topics: Adult; Creatinine; Dipeptides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2021 |
Pathomechanism of nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia in autosomal dominant sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy with S284L-mutant α4 subunit of nicotinic ACh receptor.
Topics: Alleles; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Disease Susceptibility; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Genes, Dominant; Glutamine; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mutation; Nocturnal Paroxysmal Dystonia; Protein Subunits; Receptors, Nicotinic; Sleep | 2020 |
An exploratory proton MRS examination of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and glutamine and their relationship to affective aspects of chronic pain.
Topics: Chronic Pain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Protons | 2021 |
Concentrations of Cortical GABA and Glutamate in Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Bayes Theorem; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Young Adult | 2020 |
Proinflammatory cytokines trigger biochemical and neurochemical changes in mouse retinal explants exposed to hyperglycemic conditions.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cytokines; Diabetic Retinopathy; Energy Metabolism; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hyperglycemia; Immunohistochemistry; Interleukin-1beta; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Retina; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2020 |
Optimization of Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Detection of Glutamine-FMOC Ad-Hoc Derivative by Central Composite Design.
Topics: Amino Acids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization | 2020 |
Shorter sleep duration is associated with lower GABA levels in the anterior cingulate cortex.
Topics: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Prefrontal Cortex; Sleep | 2020 |
Neurometabolic underpinning of the intergenerational transmission of prosociality.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Intergenerational Relations; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mother-Child Relations; Parent-Child Relations; Personality; Puberty; Social Behavior; Social Class | 2020 |
Brain alterations in GABA, glutamate and glutamine markers after chronic atrazine exposure in the male albino rat.
Topics: Animals; Atrazine; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Herbicides; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2020 |
Extensive astrocyte metabolism of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) sustains glutamine synthesis in the mammalian cerebral cortex.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon; Cerebral Cortex; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Mice; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2020 |
Age and Sex Influences Gamma-aminobutyric Acid Concentrations in the Developing Brain of Very Premature Infants.
Topics: Age Factors; Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gestational Age; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Sex Factors | 2020 |
Regional balance between glutamate+glutamine and GABA+ in the resting human brain.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuroimaging; Young Adult | 2020 |
Slc38a1 Conveys Astroglia-Derived Glutamine into GABAergic Interneurons for Neurotransmitter GABA Synthesis.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acid Transport System A; Animals; Astrocytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Interneurons; Mice; Models, Biological; Neurotransmitter Agents; Synapses | 2020 |
High γ-Aminobutyric Acid Content Within the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Is a Functional Signature of Somatic Symptoms Disorder in Patients With Parkinson's Disease.
Topics: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Medically Unexplained Symptoms; Parkinson Disease; Prefrontal Cortex | 2020 |
Association of γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate/glutamine in the lateral prefrontal cortex with patterns of intrinsic functional connectivity in adults.
Topics: Adult; Brain Mapping; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Nerve Net; Prefrontal Cortex | 2020 |
Associations Between Cognitive Function and Levels of Glutamatergic Metabolites and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Antipsychotic-Naïve Patients With Schizophrenia or Psychosis.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Cognition; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia | 2021 |
Dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1 restores brain neurochemical balance and mitigates the progression of mood disorder in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Choline; Depressive Disorder; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stress, Psychological | 2020 |
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate Concentrations in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Brain; Brain Mapping; Case-Control Studies; Child; Cohort Studies; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Gray Matter; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Temporal Lobe | 2020 |
Maternal separation with early weaning impairs neuron-glia integrity: non-invasive evaluation and substructure demonstration.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Neuroglia; Neurons; Oligodendroglia; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Signal Transduction; Weaning | 2020 |
Deficient astrocyte metabolism impairs glutamine synthesis and neurotransmitter homeostasis in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Astrocytes; Carbon Isotopes; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Homeostasis; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Neurotransmitter Agents; Presenilin-1 | 2021 |
Plasma amino acids profile in first-episode psychosis, unaffected siblings and community-based controls.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Proline; Psychotic Disorders; Siblings; Tryptophan; Young Adult | 2020 |
Nitrate and nitrite exposure leads to mild anxiogenic-like behavior and alters brain metabolomic profile in zebrafish.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Arachidonic Acid; Association Learning; Behavior, Animal; Body Size; Body Weight; Brain; Dopamine; Epinephrine; Executive Function; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Linoleic Acid; Male; Metabolome; Nitrates; Norepinephrine; Reflex, Startle; Reinforcement, Psychology; Sodium Nitrite; Zebrafish | 2020 |
Maternal separation in rats induces neurobiological and behavioral changes on the maternal side.
Topics: Animal Communication; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Maternal Behavior; Maternal Deprivation; Rats; Social Behavior; Stress, Psychological | 2020 |
An investigation of glutamate quantification with PRESS and MEGA-PRESS.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Computer Simulation; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Inositol; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Phantoms, Imaging; Phosphocreatine; Taurine | 2021 |
Altered in vivo brain GABA and glutamate levels are associated with multiple sclerosis central fatigue.
Topics: Brain; Fatigue; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Multiple Sclerosis | 2021 |
Downregulation of GABA Transporter 3 (GAT3) is Associated with Deficient Oxidative GABA Metabolism in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Astrocytes; Down-Regulation; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Mutation; Presenilin-1 | 2021 |
Simultaneous quantification of GABA, Glx and GSH in the neonatal human brain using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Thalamus | 2021 |
Enantiomers of 2-methylglutamate and 2-methylglutamine selectively impact mouse brain metabolism and behavior.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chromatography, Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Primary Cell Culture; Stereoisomerism; Synaptosomes; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2021 |
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lactic Acid; Male; Metabolome; Myocardium; Pentose Phosphate Pathway; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2021 |
Increased polyamine levels and maintenance of γ-aminobutyric acid (Gaba) homeostasis in the gills is indicative of osmotic plasticity in killifish.
Topics: Acclimatization; Animals; Fresh Water; Fundulidae; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gills; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Osmolar Concentration; Osmoregulation; Osmosis; Osmotic Pressure; Oxygen Consumption; Polyamines; Putrescine; Salinity; Spermine; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2021 |
Bridging the Metabolic Parallels Between Neurological Diseases and Cancer.
Topics: Dipeptides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neoplasms; Organophosphorus Compounds | 2021 |
No balance between glutamate+glutamine and GABA+ in visual or motor cortices of the human brain: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Motor Cortex; Visual Cortex; Young Adult | 2021 |
In vivo evidence of differential frontal cortex metabolic abnormalities in progressive and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Female; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Gray Matter; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Metabolome; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Neurotransmitter Agents; Young Adult | 2021 |
Region-specific elevations of glutamate + glutamine correlate with the sensory symptoms of autism spectrum disorders.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2021 |
Glutamate, Glutamine, GABA and Oxidative Products in the Pons Following Cortical Injury and Their Role in Motor Functional Recovery.
Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Motor Cortex; Motor Disorders; Oxidative Stress; Pons; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Recovery of Function | 2021 |
"Glu/GABA-Gln" metabolic loop abnormalities in iminodipropionitrile (IDPN)-induced dyskinetic syndrome.
Topics: Animals; Dyskinesias; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2021 |
Role of Glutamine-Glutamate/GABA cycle and potential target GLUD2 in alleviation of rheumatoid arthritis by Tripterygium hypoglaucum (levl.) Hutch based on metabolomics and molecular pharmacology.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Metabolomics; Models, Molecular; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Protein Conformation; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Receptors, Glutamate; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; Tripterygium | 2021 |
Astrocyte metabolism of the medium-chain fatty acids octanoic acid and decanoic acid promotes GABA synthesis in neurons via elevated glutamine supply.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Outbred Strains; Astrocytes; Caprylates; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Decanoic Acids; Epoxy Compounds; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamine; Male; Mice; Mitochondria; Neurons; Oxygen Consumption; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms | 2021 |
Reproducibility of 7-T brain spectroscopy using an ultrashort echo time STimulated Echo Acquisition Mode sequence and automated voxel repositioning.
Topics: Adult; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Reproducibility of Results; Signal-To-Noise Ratio; Young Adult | 2022 |
High-fat and combined high-fat-high-fructose diets impair episodic-like memory and decrease glutamate and glutamine in the hippocampus of adult mice.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Fructose; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL | 2022 |
HYPK coordinates degradation of polyneddylated proteins by autophagy.
Topics: Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Autophagy; Carrier Proteins; Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Protein Aggregates; Tubulin; Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases; Ubiquitins | 2022 |
Elevated striatal glutamate + glutamine in recreational cannabis users during abstinence.
Topics: Cannabis; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hallucinogens; Humans; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2022 |
Human brain functional MRS reveals interplay of metabolites implicated in neurotransmission and neuroenergetics.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Reproducibility of Results; Synaptic Transmission | 2022 |
Examination of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate-glutamine levels in association with impulsive behavior in adolescent marijuana users.
Topics: Adolescent; Cannabis; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Substance-Related Disorders | 2022 |
Decreased Brain GABA Levels in Patients with Migraine Without Aura: An Exploratory Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.
Topics: Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Migraine without Aura; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2022 |
Disturbance of neurotransmitter metabolism in drug-naïve, first-episode major depressive disorder: a comparative study on adult and adolescent cohorts.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Serotonin; Tryptophan; Vanilmandelic Acid | 2022 |
Glutamine, MTOR and autophagy: a multiconnection relationship.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Autophagy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 | 2022 |
On the relationship between GABA+ and glutamate across the brain.
Topics: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Prefrontal Cortex; Young Adult | 2022 |
Increased prefrontal GABA concentrations in adults with autism spectrum disorders.
Topics: Adult; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Prefrontal Cortex | 2022 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate/glutamine levels in the dentate nucleus and periaqueductal gray with episodic and chronic migraine: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Cerebellar Nuclei; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Migraine Disorders; Periaqueductal Gray; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Water | 2022 |
Omics profiles of fecal and oral microbiota change in irritable bowel syndrome patients with diarrhea and symptom exacerbation.
Topics: Butyrates; Diarrhea; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feces; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Male; Melatonin; Microbiota; Pituitary-Adrenal System; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Serotonin; Symptom Flare Up; Tryptophan | 2022 |
A longitudinal investigation of GABA, glutamate, and glutamine across the insula during antipsychotic treatment of first-episode schizophrenia.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Creatine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Schizophrenia | 2022 |
Hippocampal metabolic recovery as a manifestation of the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning in rats.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetoacetates; Animals; Choline; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Ischemic Preconditioning; Prosencephalon; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tissue Extracts | 2022 |
Rapid and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of dopamine, GABA, serotonin, glutamine and glutamate in rat brain regions after exposure to tobacco cigarettes.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nicotiana; Rats; Reproducibility of Results; Serotonin; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Products | 2023 |
Fentanyl Induces Novel Conditioned Place Preference in Adult Zebrafish, Disrupts Neurotransmitter Homeostasis, and Triggers Behavioral Changes.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dopamine; Fentanyl; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Neurotransmitter Agents; Serotonin; Zebrafish | 2022 |
Differential regulation of nucleus accumbens glutamate and GABA in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats.
Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Nucleus Accumbens; Obesity; Rats | 2023 |
Altered neurometabolite levels in the brains of patients with depression: A systematic analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Depression; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Reproducibility of Results | 2023 |
Changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate/glutamine levels in the right thalamus of patients with episodic and chronic migraine: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Thalamus | 2023 |
J-difference GABA-edited MRS reveals altered cerebello-thalamo-cortical metabolism in patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Ammonia; Cerebellum; Choline; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol | 2023 |
Astrocytes regulate inhibitory neurotransmission through GABA uptake, metabolism, and recycling.
Topics: Astrocytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Sodium Oxybate; Synaptic Transmission | 2023 |
The influence of season on glutamate and GABA levels in the healthy human brain investigated by magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging.
Topics: Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurotransmitter Agents; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Seasons | 2023 |
Changes in Brain GABA and Glutamate and Improvements in Physical Functioning Following Intensive Pain Rehabilitation in Youth With Chronic Pain.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Chronic Pain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans | 2023 |
Excitatory/Inhibitory Imbalance Underlies Hippocampal Atrophy in Individuals With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome With Psychotic Symptoms.
Topics: Atrophy; DiGeorge Syndrome; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Psychotic Disorders | 2023 |
Brain proton MR spectroscopy measurements in CLN3 disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Child; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Membrane Glycoproteins; Molecular Chaperones; Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses; Prospective Studies; Protons; Young Adult | 2023 |
Chronic 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Use Is Related to Glutamate and GABA Concentrations in the Striatum But Not the Anterior Cingulate Cortex.
Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Rats; Serotonin | 2023 |
The role of neurotransmitters in mediating the relationship between brain alterations and depressive symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Brain; Depression; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neurotransmitter Agents | 2023 |
The interaction of ammonia and manganese in abnormal metabolism of minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A comparison metabolomics study.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Arginine; Brain; Citrulline; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hyperammonemia; Inositol; Isoleucine; Lactic Acid; Leucine; Manganese; Metabolomics; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine | 2023 |
Prefrontal GABA and glutamate-glutamine levels affect sustained attention.
Topics: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Prefrontal Cortex | 2023 |
Memantine Improves the Disturbed Glutamine and γ-Amino Butyric Acid Homeostasis in the Brain of Rats Subjected to Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Brain; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homeostasis; Memantine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew | 2023 |
Glutamatergic abnormalities in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder using magnetic resonance spectroscopy: A controlled study.
Topics: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 2023 |
Neonatal Maternal Separation Induces Sexual Dimorphism in Brain Development: The Influence on Amino Acid Levels and Cognitive Disorders.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Cognitive Dysfunction; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Hippocampus; Male; Maternal Deprivation; Memory Disorders; Rats; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; Sex Characteristics | 2023 |