gluma and phosphoric-acid

To evaluate the microleakage around class V restorations restored with either a self-etching adhesive system or a conventional two-bottle adhesive system used with "total etch" technique, and their recommended resin-based composites (RBC).. Two types of adhesive systems were used. A self-etching adhesive, Etch and Prime 3.0 (Degussa AG, Hanau, Germany), and a conventional two-bottle adhesive, Gluma Solid Bond (Heraeus Kulzer, Dormagen, Germany). The bonding systems were used in strict accordance with the manufacturers' instructions, except that, with the two-bottle adhesive system, the cavities were filled with either a "wet" or a "dry" bonding technique, subsequent to acid-etching with 20% phosphoric acid. Etch & Prime 3.0 was used in conjunction with Degufill Mineral (Degussa, Hanau, Germany) RBC and Gluma Solid Bond with Flow Line RBC (Heraeus Kulzer, Dormagen, Germany). Standardised bucco-cervical cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 15 extracted maxillary first premolar teeth; all cavity margins were in enamel. Ten of the resulting cavities (Group A) were restored using Etch & Prime 3.0 and Degufill Mineral, ten (Group B) using Gluma Solid Bond (Wet Bond), and ten (Group C) using Gluma Solid Bond (Dry Bond). Leakage scores at occlusal and gingival margins were calculated after thermocycling 500 times between baths, held at 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C, respectively, with 30 seconds dwell time in both. Data were analysed by the Fisher Exact Test.. There was no statistically significant difference between the self-etching adhesive and conventional two-bottle adhesive systems at either the occlusal or the gingival margins. With the self-etching adhesive, there was no statistically significant difference in leakage scores between occlusal and gingival margins. There was a statistically significant difference between the occlusal and the gingival margins when a "wet" or "dry" bonding technique was used with the conventional two-bottle adhesive system.. The results suggest that the application of a conventional two-bottle bonding system used with a "total etch" technique is better than that of a self-etching adhesive system. With the former, the use of a "wet" bonding does not give better results than a "dry" bonding technique.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Cements; Dental Enamel; Dental Leakage; Dental Marginal Adaptation; Dental Materials; Diphosphates; Ethanol; Fluorides; Glutaral; Humans; Materials Testing; Methacrylates; Phosphoric Acids; Polymethacrylic Acids; Surface Properties

To test the hypothesis that some single-bottle self-etching adhesives bond as well to enamel and dentin as a typical two-bottle etch-and-rinse adhesive.. Six operators used one two-bottle etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive (Scotchbond MP) and five all-in-one self-etching adhesives (iBond Gluma Inside, Clearfil S(3) Bond, iBond Experimental, Xeno IV, and G-BOND). Each operator carried out six bondings to enamel and six bondings to dentin with each adhesive. After 24 h of storage in water at 37 degrees C, bond strength was determined in shear.. The pooled results of all the adhesives revealed no significant difference (p>0.05) in bond strength between dentin and enamel. However, there were significant differences (p<0.0001) between the different adhesives. The etch-and-rinse adhesive did better than the self-etching adhesives when substrate was not an issue (pooled enamel and dentin results). On comparing the performance of the different adhesives, it became clear that there were significant interactions (p<0.0001) between substrates and products. There were also significant differences (p<0.0001) between operators, and the interaction between operators and products was significant (p<0.0002).. The tested etch-and-rinse adhesive did better than the tested self-etching adhesives. The shear bond strength results were also strongly affected by the operator as well as by the interaction between operator and used product. The pooled bond strength values of the different adhesives revealed no difference in bond strength to dentin versus enamel.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Adult; Compomers; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Enamel; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Glutaral; Humans; Male; Materials Testing; Methacrylates; Observer Variation; Phosphoric Acids; Polymethacrylic Acids; Resin Cements; Shear Strength; Stress, Mechanical; Temperature; Time Factors; Water

To examine the cytotoxicity of dentin conditioners and primers on human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in vitro.. Primary PDL cells were plated in 96 well culture plates and exposed to 100 microL of test solutions. Undiluted Cavity Conditioner (CC), Vitremer Primer (VP), Uni-Etch (UE), All-Bond 2 (AB), Gluma conditioner (GC), and Gluma primer (GP) were examined at full strength and at 1/100 and 1/1000 dilutions in culture medium. Cytotoxicity of the undiluted material was determined immediately following exposure of the cells to the test substance. Cytotoxicity of the diluted materials was determined immediately following a 300-second exposure of the cells to the test solution, as well as 24 hours after removal of the test solution. Cytotoxicity was expressed as lactate dehydrogenase activity retained within the cells following exposure divided by the activity in unexposed control cells.. Exposure to each undiluted test substance resulted in severe damage to the cells (78.2-100%). At 1/100 dilution, only exposure to UE resulted in significant cytotoxicity (72.9%) immediately following removal of the solution. But significant cytotoxicity (21-100%) was evident in cells 24 hours after removal of each of the materials. At 1/1000 dilution, exposure to UE (14.8%) and GP (27.2%) resulted in mild cytotoxicity. Twenty-four hours after removal of the solutions, there was a mild but significant cytotoxic effect of each of the test substances (18.5-49.4%).

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Acrylic Resins; Analysis of Variance; Cells, Cultured; Composite Resins; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Glass Ionomer Cements; Glutaral; Humans; Materials Testing; Methacrylates; Periodontal Ligament; Phosphoric Acids; Polymethacrylic Acids

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of conditioners on smear layers produced by different bur types and rotational speeds and to study the interaction of subsequently applied primer and sealer with these conditioned surfaces.. Smear layers were produced on human teeth immediately after extraction by burs rotating at approximately 6,000 rpm without water spray and 400,000 rpm with water spray. Gluma CPS etchant was applied for 15, 30, and 60 seconds, and a 20% phosphoric acid liquid (control) was applied for 30 seconds to smear layers. The specimens were prepared by critical point drying for scanning electron microscopic imaging within 24 hours. Additional specimens were prepared and treated with Gluma CPS primer and sealer, according to the manufacturer's instructions.. There were only small variations in the smear layer thicknesses with different bur types or speeds of rotation. Gluma CPS conditioner, applied for the recommended times, did not completely remove the smear layer. An altered smear layer, composed of a reaction product, remained on the dentinal surface. A zone of demineralization did occur, however, beneath the partially removed smear layer in both the 15- and 30-second specimens but was only partly filled by primer and sealer. Smear layers were completely removed by the 20% phosphoric acid liquid to expose a delicate collagen network.. An understanding of the appropriate treatment for smear layers is crucial to the development of improved dentin bonding systems.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Dental Bonding; Dental High-Speed Technique; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glutaral; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Phosphoric Acids; Polymethacrylic Acids; Root Canal Preparation; Smear Layer

To investigate the effects of different acid etchants' ability to condition enamel as gently as possible to remove a minimum of substance only, to produce a highly retentive pattern, and finally to ensure frosty appearance of the etched enamel for clinical control of the procedure.. Two commercial uni-etch gels, Gluma 2000-1 and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Etchant, were studied together with gels of 5, 10, 20 and 35% phosphoric acid and varying amounts of thickening agents in the 20% gel. Enamel loss was measured with a contact-free method by materials and etch duration, and the shortest etching times for dull frosty enamel appearance were determined. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured after 24 hours' storage in water.. Enamel loss was very low with the commercial agents and increased with H3PO4 concentrations and with etch duration. While the commercial compounds produced no frosty enamel even after 120-second etch duration, the phosphoric acids produced frosted enamel after 15, 30, 60 and 120-second application of 35, 20, 10 and 5% acids, respectively. All etchants and etch durations tested produced effective retentive patterns. No differences in SBS were noted, and the failure modes were consistently cohesive in resin.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Analysis of Variance; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Enamel; Glutaral; Maleates; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Oxalates; Oxalic Acid; Phosphoric Acids; Polymethacrylic Acids; Time Factors

To investigate the effect of phosphoric acid conditioning gels on compatibility with the Gluma dentin bonding system.. Sheer bond strengths (BS), marginal performance in dentin cavities and microleakage resistance in mixed cavities were used as target parameters to determine the efficacy of Gluma/Pekafill on dentin pretreated with conditioners of 5, 10, 20 or 35% H3PO4 and different amounts of silica (0, 5 and 10%) after 15, 30 60 or 120-second treatment duration. The thicknesses of the hybrid layers were determined along the dentin cavity margin by light microscopy.. Neither the phosphoric acid concentration and the silica content nor the conditioning times tested had a significantly different effect on SBS or marginal performance (P > 0.05). There was no relationship between the hybrid layer thickness and the target parameters either. The SBS recorded on dentin were in the same order of magnitude as previously found on acid etched enamel (+/- 17 MPa). The marginal performance and microleakage results after thermocycling proved adequate dentin bonding and cavity sealing. Phosphoric acid etching of dentin is compatible with the gluma bonding system.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Analysis of Variance; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Leakage; Dental Marginal Adaptation; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Gels; Glutaral; Humans; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Phosphoric Acids; Polymethacrylic Acids; Silicon Dioxide; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tensile Strength

The effects of dentinal surface conditioning with phosphoric acid or with phosphoric acid and subsequent deproteinization by sodium hypochlorite on resin bonding are presented. Bond strengths mediated by the Gluma/Pekafill bonding and restorative system were not affected by the alternative pretreatment methods, while marginal performance of restorations in dentinal cavities was significantly adversely affected by the deproteinization procedure. The resin polymer coupling zone has an important function as a layer that compensates for the curing stresses of the restorative material that act in a wall-to-wall direction.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Analysis of Variance; Collagen; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Marginal Adaptation; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Gels; Glutaral; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Phosphoric Acids; Polymethacrylic Acids; Sodium Hypochlorite; Statistics, Nonparametric; Surface Properties

Contemporary, third-generation dentinal bonding products have become highly specialized in producing high bond strengths to dentin. This investigation compared in vitro bond strengths of six dentinal bonding systems and their matched composite resins to human enamel and dentin. The effects of treatment by dentinal primers on enamel bond strengths as well as the effects of phosphoric acid on the strengths of dentinal bonds were measured. The use of dentinal primer on enamel improved the bond strengths of Prisma Universal Bond 3/Prisma APH and XR Bond/Herculite systems and had no effect on Denthesive/Charisma, Scotchbond 2/Silux, and Tenure/Perfection, while the enamel bond strengths of Gluma/Pekalux declined. Pretreatment of dentin with phosphoric acid improved the bond strengths of Denthesive/Charisma, Prisma Universal Bond 3/Prisma APH and XR Bond/Herculite, but had no effect on Gluma/Pekalux, Scotchbond 2/Silux and Tenure/Perfection.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Analysis of Variance; Composite Resins; Cross-Over Studies; Dental Bonding; Dental Enamel; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Glutaral; Humans; Materials Testing; Methacrylates; Phosphoric Acids; Polymethacrylic Acids; Polyurethanes; Random Allocation; Resin Cements

The purposes of this study were to measure and compare etching patterns, tensile bond strengths and fracture patterns of Gluma/Lumifor system to the buccal dentin of primary molars following application of Gluma cleanser and 37% phosphoric acid. The tensile bond strength of Gluma/Lumifor to the buccal dentin following application of Gluma cleanser averaged 5.53 +/- 3.27 (x +/- SD MPa) which is significantly greater than bond strength following application of only 37% phosphoric acid 2.04 +/- 0.67. Etching ground buccal dentin surfaces with 37% phosphoric acid has no significant different effect on the bond strength of Gluma/Lumifor combination. Gluma cleanser showed effective removal of the smear layer and partial plugging of the dentinal tubules, while 37% phosphoric acid showed complete removal of the smear layer creating opened dentinal tubules.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Analysis of Variance; Dental Bonding; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Glutaral; Humans; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Molar; Phosphoric Acids; Polymethacrylic Acids; Tensile Strength; Tooth, Deciduous

This study evaluated the effects of etching time on bond strengths of composite to enamel. Proximal surfaces of extracted molars were etched with either a conventional etchant (35% phosphoric acid) or one of two dentin/enamel conditioners, 10% maleic acid (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Etchant), or a solution of oxalic acid, aluminum nitrate, and glycine (Gluma 1 & 2 Conditioner). Each agent was applied for 15, 30, or 60 seconds. Specimens etched with 35% phosphoric acid had the highest mean bond strengths at each etching time. At the manufacturer's recommended application times, the other two agents gave significantly lower shear bond strengths than phosphoric acid.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Analysis of Variance; Composite Resins; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Glutaral; Humans; Maleates; Materials Testing; Oxalates; Phosphoric Acids; Polymethacrylic Acids; Resin Cements; Silicon Dioxide; Tensile Strength; Time Factors; Zirconium

Two hundred and forty root canals of extracted single-rooted teeth were prepared to the same dimension, and Dentatus posts of equal size were cemented without screwing them into the dentine. Five cleansing solutions and two dentine adhesive systems were evaluated prior to post-cementation using chemical-cure composite resin. 'Pull-out' tests were then conducted in order to evaluate the bond strength of these intra-pulpal posts. The use of Conclude (composite luting cement) alone, with or without the cleansing solutions, resulted in significantly lower pull-out forces. Scotchbond Dental Adhesive gave significantly better results, regardless of the cleansing solution used. Gluma Dentine Adhesive significantly increased the pull-out forces only when used with its supplied cleanser or Tubulicid.

Topics: Acrylates; Acrylic Resins; Aldehydes; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; Chlorhexidine; Citrates; Citric Acid; Crowns; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Stress Analysis; Dentin; Denture Retention; Dequalinium; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glutaral; Humans; Methacrylates; Phosphoric Acids; Polymethacrylic Acids; Post and Core Technique; Resin Cements; Root Canal Irrigants

The marginal adaptation of a restorative resin in combination with a dentin bonding agent was investigated in dentin cavities treated either with a strong solution of phosphoric acid or with an 0.5 M EDTA solution neutralized to pH 7.4 with NaOH. It was found that both the maximum marginal contraction gap and the extent of the gap were significantly increased in acid-etched cavities when compared to cavities cleaned with the EDTA solution.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Aldehydes; Dental Bonding; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Cements; Dentin; Edetic Acid; Glutaral; Humans; Phosphoric Acids; Polymethacrylic Acids; Surface Properties

Confluent cultures of human buccal epithelial cells were exposed to graded dilutions of Gluma Bond or 3M Etching Liquid for 5 min. The cytotoxic effects induced by this treatment were observed (epithelial cell damage, growth inhibition). In vivo, monkey buccal mucosa was exposed to Gluma Bond or 3M Etching Liquid for 5 min. Biopsies were taken after 24 h, and the buccal epithelium processed for light microscopic examination. The toxic reactions to Gluma Bond were far more pronounced compared with the toxic reactions to 3M Etching Liquid in both models. Data obtained suggest that the in vitro model may be useful in assessing mucosal toxicity and in studying mechanisms of toxic action.

Topics: Aldehydes; Animals; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Cercopithecus; Cheek; Dental Cements; Epithelium; Glutaral; Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Necrosis; Phosphoric Acids; Polymethacrylic Acids; Time Factors