glucuronyl-glucosamine-glycan-sulfate and empagliflozin

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a lethal and rapidly increasing burden on society. Despite this, there are relatively few therapies in development for the treatment of CKD. Several recent costly phase 3 trials have failed to provide improved renal outcomes, diminishing interest in pharmaceutical investment. Furthermore, poor patient, physician, and payer awareness of CKD as a diagnosis has contributed to slow trial enrollment and successful implementation of these trials. Nevertheless, several therapeutics remain in development for the treatment of CKD, including mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists, sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, anti-inflammatory drugs, and drugs that mitigate oxidative injury. Success of future CKD therapeutic trials will depend not only on improved understanding of disease pathogenesis, but also on improved trial enrollment rates, through increasing awareness of this disease by the public, policy makers, and the greater medical community.

Topics: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Atrasentan; Benzhydryl Compounds; Canagliflozin; Diabetic Nephropathies; Drug Discovery; Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; Glucosides; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Oleanolic Acid; Oxidative Stress; Pyridoxamine; Pyrrolidines; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors