glucosamine has been researched along with muramidase in 219 studies
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 211 (96.35) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 4 (1.83) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 2 (0.91) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 1 (0.46) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 1 (0.46) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
---|---|
Hamaguchi, K; Ikeda, K; Kuramitsu, S; Nakae, Y; Ryo, E | 1 |
Hamaguchi, K; Ikeda, K; Kuramitsu, S; Yang, Y | 1 |
Hamaguchi, K; Ikeda, K; Kuramitsu, S; Nakae, Y; Yang, Y | 1 |
Hamaguchi, K; Ikeda, K; Nakae, Y | 2 |
Avdeeva, OS; Kuropteva, ZV; Luzhkov, VB; Pulatova, MK | 1 |
Allary, M; Cozzone, P; Jollès, P; Périn, JP; Saint-Blancard, J | 1 |
Andrews, LJ; Banerjee, SK; Forster, LS; Imoto, T; Rupley, JA; Shrake, A | 1 |
Pincus, MR; Scheraga, HA; Zimmerman, SS | 1 |
Amano, K; Araki, Y; Hayashi, H; Ito, E | 2 |
Johnson, LN; Machin, PA; Perkins, SJ; Phillips, DC | 2 |
Berthou, J; Jolles, P; Lifchitz, A; Saint-Blancard, J | 1 |
Amano, K; Ito, E | 1 |
Burkhardt, AE; Loudon, GM; Rinehardt, CG; Russo, SO | 1 |
Eikeren, PV; McLaughin, H | 1 |
Harangi, J; Radics, L; Szilágyi, L | 1 |
Jeanloz, RW; Tomoda, M | 1 |
Eshdat, Y; Sharon, N | 1 |
Burgess, AW; Pincus, MR; Scheraga, HA | 1 |
Leboul, J; Moczar, E | 1 |
Baldo, JH; Halford, SE; Patt, SL; Sykes, BD | 1 |
Amos, H; Asdourian, H; Chu, L; Lau, K | 1 |
Logardt, IM; Neujahr, HY | 1 |
Marx, A; Petcovici, M | 1 |
Allen, AK; Neuberger, A | 1 |
Jensen, LH; Kurachi, K; Sieker, LC | 1 |
Kawagishi, H; Matsui, H; Usui, T | 1 |
Luescher, IF; Unanue, ER | 1 |
Anderson, JS; Dickie, JP; Gassner, GT; Hamerski, DA; Magnuson, JK | 1 |
Sheinblatt, M | 1 |
Iijima, T; Kawauchi, S; Komiyama, J; Nakano, Y | 1 |
Dinh, A; Gregory, RB; Rosenberg, A | 1 |
Gałat, A | 1 |
Barel, AO; Léonis, J; Looze, Y | 1 |
Kass, L; Scholnik, AP | 1 |
Canale-Parola, E; Holt, SC; Joseph, R | 1 |
Dolmans, M; Léonis, J | 1 |
Lustig, A; Zehavi, U | 1 |
Gill, TJ; Leung, CS; Ohta, Y | 1 |
Portoles, A; Rubio, N | 1 |
Lakowicz, JR; Weber, G | 1 |
Mohr, LH; Raftery, MA; Smith, LE | 1 |
Bültmann, B; Haferkamp, O; Heymer, B; Schachenmayr, W; Schmidt, WC; Spanel, R | 1 |
Araki, Y; Ito, E | 1 |
Charlemagne, D; Jollès, P | 3 |
Sjöquist, J | 1 |
Prins, RA | 1 |
Hisatsune, K; Wadström, T | 1 |
Veerkamp, JH | 1 |
Ghuysen, JM; Kandler, O; Nakel, M | 1 |
Reynolds, PE | 2 |
Fleck, J; Ghuysen, JM; Minck, R; Mock, M | 1 |
Berger, D; Katz, W; Martin, HH | 1 |
Katz, W; Martin, HH; Winter, AJ | 1 |
Bradshaw, RA; Deranleau, DA | 1 |
Campbell, JN; Johnson, KG | 1 |
Mirelman, D; Sharon, N | 2 |
Strominger, JL; Warth, AD | 2 |
Loew, GH; Thomas, DD | 1 |
Ghuysen, JM; Leyh-Bouille, M; Stominger, JL; Tipper, DJ | 1 |
Amar-Nacasch, C; Vilkas, E | 1 |
Berliner, LJ | 1 |
McConnell, HM; Morrisett, JD; Wien, RW | 2 |
Ivanov, LV; Krinitskaya, LA; Likhtenshein, GI | 1 |
Rupley, JA | 1 |
Cooper, A | 1 |
Bracha, R; Mirelman, D; Sharon, N | 1 |
Amano, T; Fujio, H; Hamaguchi, K; Ikeda, K; Kuramitsu, S | 1 |
Brown, WH; Cornelius, DA; Rupley, JA; Shrake, AF | 1 |
Plasse, T; Sharon, N; Sorell, S; Teichberg, VI | 1 |
Dolphin, D; Patt, SL; Sykes, BD | 2 |
Barry, CD; North, AC | 1 |
Campbell, ID; Dobson, CM; Williams, RJ; Xavier, AV | 1 |
Beychok, S; Mulvey, RS | 1 |
Heneine, IF; Kimmel, JR | 1 |
Jollès, P; Saint-Blancard, J | 1 |
Eshdat, Y; McKelvy, JF; Sharon, N | 1 |
Arnheim, N; Inouye, M; Sternglanz, R | 1 |
Glaser, L; Mauck, J | 1 |
Bagshaw, W; Barman, TE | 1 |
Heilmann, HD | 1 |
Araki, Y; Ito, E; Nakatani, T; Nakayama, K | 1 |
Araki, Y; Hayashi, H; Ito, E | 1 |
Hampe, OG | 1 |
Bjurulf, C; Wadsö, I | 1 |
Iwata, S; Kato, K; Kotani, S; Tamura, T | 1 |
Hara, S; Matsushima, Y | 1 |
Bigelow, CC; Srivastava, VK | 1 |
Eshdat, Y; Maron, E; Sharon, N | 1 |
Barel, AO; Dolmans, M; Turneer, M | 1 |
Hamaguchi, K; Ikeda, K; Kuramitsu, S; Miwa, S; Nishina, T | 1 |
Hara, S; Matsushima, Y; Monodane, T | 1 |
Banerjee, SK; Rupley, JA | 1 |
Banerjee, SK; Kregar, I; Rupley, JA; Turk, V | 1 |
Shinitzky, M; Teichberg, VI | 1 |
Ikegami, A; Nakanishi, M; Tsuboi, M | 1 |
Rupley, JA; Shrake, A | 2 |
Brown, HD; Patel, AB; Stasiw, RO; Zaun, JW | 1 |
Moczar, E | 1 |
Jollès, P; Périn, JP | 1 |
Chau, KH; Yang, JT | 2 |
Banerjee, SK; Rupley, JA; Vandenhoff, GE | 1 |
Linnett, PE; Strominger, JL | 1 |
Adler, E; Ginsburg, I; Lahav, M; Ne'eman, N | 1 |
Johnson, KG; McDonald, IJ | 1 |
Ide, GJ; Rosenberg, A; Wickett, RR | 1 |
Lienhard, GE; Secemski, II | 1 |
Gorskaia, SV; Mogilevchik, LE; Severina, VA | 2 |
Okuda, S; Weinbaum, G | 1 |
Hamaguchi, K | 1 |
Kihlström, JE | 1 |
Kohguchi, K; Nakamura, M | 1 |
Häggmark, A; Holme, T; Lundquist, PG; Wahren, A | 1 |
Capbern, A; Ducassé, D; Jollès, P; Saint-Blancard, J | 1 |
Khorlin, AIa; Platonov, AL; Tumerman, LA; Vichutinskiĭ, AA; Zaslavskiĭ, BIu | 1 |
Lugtenberg, EJ; v Schijndel-van Dam, A; van Bellegem, TH | 1 |
Hoshino, O; Jeanloz, RW; Sînaÿ, P; Zehavi, U | 1 |
Parsons, SM; Raftery, MA | 1 |
Hamaguchi, K; Ikeda, K; Miwa, S; Nishina, T | 1 |
Millett, F; Raftery, MA | 2 |
Khorlin, AY; Shashkova, EA; Zurabyan, SE | 1 |
Butchard, CG; Dwek, RA; Kent, PW; Williams, JP; Xavier, AV | 1 |
Lehrer, SS; Lienhard, GE; Secemski, II | 1 |
Howlett, GJ; Nichol, LW | 1 |
Hamaguchi, K; Ikeda, K | 3 |
Imanaga, Y; Park, JT | 1 |
Bjurulf, C | 1 |
Churchich, JE; Irwin, R | 1 |
Gleason, M; Rawitch, AB | 1 |
Studebaker, JF; Sykes, BD; Wien, R | 1 |
Gurnani, S; Raghunathan, R | 1 |
Dwek, A; Kent, PW; Xavier, AV | 1 |
Dwek, RA; Kent, PW | 1 |
Beddell, CR; Moult, J; Phillips, DC | 1 |
Dwek, RA | 1 |
Butler, L; Gerring, M; Hartdegen, FJ; Pecoraro, R; Rupley, JA | 1 |
Amano, T; Fujio, H; Imanishi, M; Miyagawa, N | 1 |
Hess, GP; Holler, E; Rupley, JA | 2 |
Monsey, JB; Robinson, DS | 1 |
Hess, GP; Holler, E; Kumar, S; Rossi, GL; Rupley, JA | 1 |
Chung, YC; Garcia, FJ; Upadhyay, JM | 1 |
Bablouzian, B; Fasman, GD; Grourke, M | 1 |
Bjurulf, C; Laynez, J; Wadsö, I | 1 |
Hara, S; Matsushima, Y; Nakagawa, Y | 1 |
Lin, TY | 1 |
Kay, CM; Sharon, N; Teichberg, VI | 1 |
Khorlin, AIa; Shashkova, EA; Vichutinskiĭ, AA; Vikha, IV | 1 |
Olesen, HA | 1 |
Chuzel, P; Jollès, P; Mathieu, Y; Perrot, J; Saint-Blancard, J | 1 |
Ghoos, Y; Vantrappen, G | 1 |
Chipman, DM | 1 |
Maksimov, I | 1 |
Kagramanova, KA | 1 |
Glazer, AN; Howard, JB | 1 |
Chipman, DM; Schimmel, PR | 1 |
Praissman, M; Rupley, JA | 1 |
Dahlquist, FW; Raftery, MA | 1 |
Charlemagne, D; Dianoux, AC; Jollès, J; Jollès, P; Le Baron, JL; Saint Blancard, J | 1 |
Adkins, RJ; Yang, JT | 1 |
McKelvy, JF; Sharon, N; Thomas, EW | 1 |
Sykes, BD | 1 |
Cohen, JS | 1 |
Dianoux, AC; Ducassé, D; Hénique, Y; Jollès, P; Saint-Blancard, J | 1 |
Davies, RC; Neuberger, A; Wilson, BM | 1 |
Amano, T; Imanishi, M; Miyagawa, N | 1 |
Anderson, JS; Meadow, PM; Strominger, JL | 1 |
Johnson, LN; Phillips, DC | 1 |
Chipman, DM; Grisaro, V; Sharon, N; Shinitzky, M | 1 |
Thomas, EW | 1 |
Butler, LG; Rupley, JA | 1 |
Felsenfeld, H; Handschumacher, RE | 1 |
Rynbrandt, DJ; Speck, JC | 1 |
Jollès, P | 1 |
Neuberger, A; Wilson, BM | 2 |
Fasman, GD; Lehrer, SS | 1 |
Chipman, DM; Grisaro, V; Sharon, N | 1 |
Levine, L; von Fellenberg, R | 1 |
Doyle, RJ; Ezzell, JW; Zipperle, GF | 1 |
Amano, K; Williams, JC | 1 |
Amano, K; Araki, Y; Ito, E | 1 |
Araki, S; Araki, Y; Ito, E; Oba, S | 1 |
Strominger, JL; Waxman, DJ; Yu, W | 1 |
Banerjee, KK; Chatterjee, N; Sen, A | 1 |
Heehn, KC; Stein, PJ | 1 |
Nakayasu, M; Sugimura, T; Tamura, G; Terada, M | 1 |
Mayer, H; Schmelzer, E; Warth, R; Weckesser, J | 1 |
Pincus, MR; Scheraga, HA | 1 |
Dwek, RA; Johnson, LN; Perkins, SJ; Phillips, DC | 2 |
D'Souza, SF; Marolia, KZ | 1 |
HISATSUNE, K; INOUE, Y; TAKEYA, K | 1 |
FUNATSU, M; HAYASHI, K; IMOTO, T | 1 |
COLLINS, FM | 1 |
MONTAGUE, MD | 1 |
SEIFTER, S; SHARON, N | 1 |
BARKULIS, SS; HEYMANN, H; MANNIELLO, JM | 1 |
DEWIJS, H; JOLLES, P | 1 |
BLEIWEIS, AS; KRAUSE, RM | 1 |
Araki, T; Eto, M; Ikemizu, S; Imoto, T; Kawamura, S; Torikata, T | 1 |
Bilej, M; Josková, R; Procházková, P; Silerová, M | 1 |
Audicana Berasategui, MT; Barasona Villarejo, MJ; Corominas Sánchez, M; De Barrio Fernández, M; García Avilés, MC; García Robaina, JC; Gastaminza Lasarte, G; Laguna Martínez, JJ; Lobera Labairu, T; López San Martín, M; Martín Lázaro, J; Moreno Rodilla, E; Ortega Rodríguez, N; Torres Jaén, MJ | 1 |
Boneca, IG; Candela, T; Coullon, H; Janoir, C; Rifflet, A; Wheeler, R | 1 |
4 review(s) available for glucosamine and muramidase
Article | Year |
---|---|
[Amino sugar polymers with free amino groups (author's transl)].
Topics: Acetamides; Acetylation; Amines; Amino Acids; Amino Sugars; Bacillus cereus; Cell Wall; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Fungi; Galactosamine; Glucosamine; Muramidase; Peptidoglycan; Polymers | 1974 |
[Kinetic behavior of different lysozymes towards Micrococcus lysodeikticus in relation to pH and ionic strength].
Topics: Animals; Egg White; Glucosamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Leukocytes; Micrococcus; Milk, Human; Muramidase; Osmolar Concentration; Temperature | 1972 |
[Binding of protomer enzyme with substrates and inhibitors--conformational changes by binding of inhibitors].
Topics: Alcohols; Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Glucosamine; Muramidase; Spectrophotometry; Spectrum Analysis; Trypsin; Trypsin Inhibitors | 1970 |
Potential hypersensitivity due to the food or food additive content of medicinal products in Spain.
Topics: Drug Hypersensitivity; Food Additives; Food Hypersensitivity; Glucosamine; Humans; Lactose; Muramidase; Ovalbumin; Propofol; Spain | 2011 |
215 other study(ies) available for glucosamine and muramidase
Article | Year |
---|---|
pH dependence of the binding constants of N-acetylglucosamine monomers to hen and turkey egg-white lysozymes.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Animals; Binding Sites; Chickens; Circular Dichroism; Egg White; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mathematics; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Species Specificity; Turkeys | 1975 |
Interactions on 3-deoxy and 6-deoxy derivatives of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine with hen lysozyme.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Binding Sites; Circular Dichroism; Deoxy Sugars; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Thermodynamics | 1976 |
Interactions of alpha- and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamines with hen and turkey lysozymes.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Chickens; Circular Dichroism; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Stereoisomerism; Turkeys | 1976 |
Binding of substrate analogs to hen egg-white lysozyme with an ester linkage between Glu 35 and Trp 108.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Circular Dichroism; Esters; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Protein Binding; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan | 1976 |
[Localization of unpaired electrons in molecules of lysozyme substrate-inhibitors. I. N-acetylglucosamine].
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Glucosamine; Molecular Conformation; Muramidase; Quantum Theory | 1976 |
On the binding of N-acetylglucosamine and its short polymers to hen lysozyme at physiological temperature (40 degrees C).
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Animals; Binding Sites; Chickens; Disaccharides; Egg White; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Protein Binding; Temperature | 1975 |
Binding of substrate analogues to hen egg-white lysozyme with 2-nitrophenylsulfenylated tryptophan 62.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Chickens; Circular Dichroism; Cobalt; Egg White; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Manganese; Muramidase; Nitrobenzenes; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Sulfenic Acids; Tryptophan | 1975 |
Optical properties of lysozyme. pH and saccharide binding difference spectra.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Animals; Binding Sites; Chickens; Egg White; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Turkeys | 1975 |
Structures of enzyme-substrate complexes of lysozyme.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Animals; Binding Sites; Chickens; Female; Glucosamine; Models, Molecular; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Protein Conformation; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thermodynamics | 1977 |
The action of lysozyme on peptidoglycan with N-unsubstituted glucosamine residues. Isolation of glycan fragments and their susceptibility to lysozyme.
Topics: Bacillus cereus; Glucosamine; Molecular Weight; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Peptidoglycan; Polysaccharides | 1977 |
Crystal structures of hen egg-white lysozyme complexes with gadolinium(III) and gadolinium(III)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Binding Sites; Fourier Analysis; Gadolinium; Glucosamine; Models, Structural; Muramidase; Protein Conformation; X-Ray Diffraction | 1979 |
On the binding of N-acetylglucosamine and chitobiose to hen lysozyme in the solid state at high temperature.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Crystallization; Egg White; Glucosamine; Hot Temperature; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Solutions | 1979 |
The action of lysozyme on partially deacetylated chitin.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Chitin; Glucosamine; Kinetics; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides | 1978 |
Crystal structures of egg-white lysozyme of hen in acetate-free medium and of lysozyme complexes with N-acetylglucosamine and beta-methyl N-acetylglucosaminide.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Glucosamine; Muramidase; Protein Conformation; X-Ray Diffraction | 1978 |
The interaction of N-acetylglucosamine and an affinity-label analogue with alpha-lactalbumin and lactose synthetase.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Affinity Labels; Binding Sites; Glucosamine; Lactalbumin; Lactose Synthase; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Ribonucleases | 1975 |
Analysis of the lysozme-catalyzed hydrolysis and transglycosylation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine oligomers by high-pressure liquid chromatography.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glucosamine; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides | 1977 |
Molecular dynamics through 2H spin-lattice relaxation time measurements with an enzyme-inhibitor complex: lysozyme and methyl N-acetyl glucosaminides.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chemistry, Physical; Deuterium; Glucosamine; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mathematics; Molecular Conformation; Muramidase; Spin Labels; Time Factors | 1977 |
Amino-sugar phosphates from the cell wall of Micrococcus lysodeikticus.
Topics: Cell Wall; Glucosamine; Micrococcus; Muramic Acids; Muramidase; Sugar Acids; Sugar Phosphates | 1977 |
Lysozyme.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Affinity Labels; Egg White; Epoxy Compounds; Glucosamine; Methods; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides | 1977 |
Conformational energy calculations of enzyme-substrate complexes of lysozyme. I. Energy minimization of monosaccharide and oligosaccharide inhibitors and substrates of lysozyme.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glucosamine; Glucose; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Monosaccharides; Muramic Acids; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Sugar Acids | 1976 |
Preparation of N-acetylglucosamine derivatives of proteins.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Electrophoresis, Paper; Glucosamine; Methods; Muramidase; Peptide Fragments; Pronase; Protein Binding; Trypsin | 1975 |
The stepwise binding of small molecules to proteins. Nuclear magnetic resonance and temperature jump studies of the binding of 4-(N-acetylaminoglucosyl)-N-acetylglucosamine to lysozyme.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Animals; Binding Sites; Chickens; Disaccharides; Egg White; Glucosamine; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mathematics; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Temperature | 1975 |
Lysozyme: evidence for effects on chick fibroblasts, HeLa cells, and their products.
Topics: Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Concanavalin A; Fibroblasts; Glucosamine; Glucose; HeLa Cells; Hexosamines; Humans; Mannose; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Receptors, Drug | 1975 |
Lysis of modified walls from Lactobacillus fermentum.
Topics: Acetylation; Alanine; Aspartic Acid; Bacteriolysis; Cell Wall; Glucosamine; Lactobacillus; Muramic Acids; Muramidase; Peptidoglycan; Trypsin | 1975 |
Immunochemical studies on purified common enterobacterial antigen (KUNIN).
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antigens, Bacterial; Chemical Precipitation; Enterobacteriaceae; Fatty Acids; Glucosamine; Glucose; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Hemagglutination Tests; Muramidase; Phospholipases; Rabbits | 1975 |
The quantitation of glucosamine and galactosamine in glycoproteins after hydrolysis in p-toluenesulphonic acid.
Topics: Galactosamine; Glucosamine; Glycoproteins; Hydrolysis; Methods; Muramidase; Tosyl Compounds | 1975 |
Structures of triclinic mono- and di-N-acetylglucosamine: lysozyme complexes--a crystallographic study.
Topics: Acetylgalactosamine; Acetylglucosamine; Binding Sites; Crystallization; Disaccharides; Glucosamine; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; X-Ray Diffraction | 1976 |
Enzymatic synthesis of p-nitrophenyl 3(5)-O-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-alpha-maltopentaoside by lysozyme; a novel substrate for human amylase assay.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; alpha-Glucosidases; Amylases; Calorimetry; Carbohydrate Sequence; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glucosamine; Humans; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Sequence Data; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Substrate Specificity | 1990 |
Purification and photoaffinity labeling of the I-Ak histocompatibility molecule.
Topics: Affinity Labels; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azides; Cell Membrane; Chromatography, Affinity; Deoxycholic Acid; Detergents; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Fatty Acids; Glucosamine; Glucosides; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Muramidase; Peptide Fragments; Sorbitol; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1990 |
Teichuronic acid reducing terminal N-acetylglucosamine residue linked by phosphodiester to peptidoglycan of Micrococcus luteus.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Borohydrides; Cell Fractionation; Cell Wall; Glucosamine; Hydrolysis; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Peptidoglycan; Phosphates; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Uronic Acids | 1990 |
NMR studies on the induced denaturation of lysozyme by guanidine hydrochloride in the presence of the inhibitor (NAG)3.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Chickens; Glucosamine; Guanidines; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation | 1989 |
Determination of binding constants for N-acetyl-D-glucosamine oligomers with lysozyme.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Animals; Chickens; Egg White; Glucosamine; Kinetics; Mathematics; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Protein Binding; Substrate Specificity | 1987 |
The effect of tri-N-acetylglucosamine on hydrogen exchange in hen egg white lysozyme.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Animals; Binding Sites; Chickens; Egg White; Glucosamine; Hydrogen; Mathematics; Models, Molecular; Muramidase; Polymers; Protein Conformation | 1986 |
Early stages in the trifluoroethanol-induced unfolding of hen egg-white lysozyme and its complex with (GlcNAc)3.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Animals; Binding Sites; Chickens; Circular Dichroism; Egg White; Ethanol; Glucosamine; Muramidase; Protein Conformation; Trifluoroethanol | 1985 |
[Physical chemical properties of component II of duck lysosomes].
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Chickens; Diffusion; Ducks; Glucosamine; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lysosomes; Muramidase; Optical Rotatory Dispersion; Phenylalanine; Protein Denaturation; Species Specificity; Spectrophotometry; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 1970 |
A direct cytochemical method for the identification of lysozyme in various tissues.
Topics: Animals; Azo Compounds; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Chitin; Cytoplasm; Glucosamine; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Muramidase; Rabbits; Staining and Labeling | 1973 |
Peptidoglycan of free-living anaerobic spirochetes.
Topics: Alanine; Anaerobiosis; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Paper; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Deoxycholic Acid; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Hydrolysis; Microscopy, Electron; Muramic Acids; Muramidase; Ornithine; Penicillin G; Peptide Hydrolases; Peptidoglycan; Pronase; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Spirochaeta; Staining and Labeling; Stereoisomerism | 1973 |
[Thermal denaturation of lysozyme: effect of alcohols and a competing inhibitor].
Topics: Alcohols; Glucosamine; Muramidase; Protein Denaturation | 1967 |
Substrate-induced dissociation of lysozyme dimers.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Cell Wall; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chickens; Chitin; Chromatography, Paper; Disaccharides; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Microscopy, Electron; Molecular Weight; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Ovalbumin; Polysaccharides; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Silicon Dioxide; Staining and Labeling; Temperature; Ultracentrifugation | 1969 |
Volume changes accompanying the antibody-antigen reaction.
Topics: Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Dipeptides; gamma-Globulins; Glucosamine; Haptens; Lysine; Muramidase; Ribonucleases | 1970 |
Early interactions between inhibitors and antibodies to lysozyme.
Topics: Acetamides; Animals; Antibodies; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Binding Sites; Binding Sites, Antibody; Deuterium; Egg White; Freeze Drying; Glucosamine; Histamine; Immunodiffusion; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Precipitin Tests; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Rabbits; Spectrophotometry; Time Factors | 1973 |
Quenching of protein fluorescence by oxygen. Detection of structural fluctuations in proteins on the nanosecond time scale.
Topics: Acetamides; Animals; Carbonic Anhydrases; Cattle; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Diffusion; Fluorescence; Glucosamine; Guanidines; Humans; Iodides; Mathematics; Muramidase; Oxygen; Peptide Hydrolases; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Proteins; Serum Albumin; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Time Factors; Tryptophan | 1973 |
Mechanism for lysozyme-catalyzed hydrolysis.
Topics: Acetamides; Catalysis; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chitin; Drosophila melanogaster; Glucosamine; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Methods; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Tritium | 1973 |
Migration inhibition of rat peritoneal cells induced by streptococcal mucopeptides. Characteristics of the reaction and properties of the mucopeptide preparations.
Topics: Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Cell Migration Inhibition; Cell Wall; Chromatography; Dextrans; Endotoxins; Escherichia coli; Glucosamine; Guinea Pigs; Immunodiffusion; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; Macrophages; Molecular Weight; Mucoproteins; Muramidase; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Solubility; Streptococcus; Tissue Extracts; Trypsin | 1973 |
[Inhibition by N-acetyl glucosamine polymers of the lysis activity of lysozymes towards Micrococcus luteus: influence of pH and of ionic strength].
Topics: Bacteriolysis; Egg White; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Micrococcus; Milk, Human; Muramidase; Polymers; Sodium; Spectrophotometry | 1974 |
Structure and immunology of protein A.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Electrophoresis, Disc; Glucosamine; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Immunodiffusion; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments; Immunoglobulin G; Lysostaphin; Molecular Weight; Muramidase; Peptides; Peptidoglycan; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Staphylococcus | 1973 |
Presence of growth factors for Methanobacterium ruminantium in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Animals; Bacteria; Carbon Radioisotopes; Edetic Acid; Escherichia coli; Glucosamine; Growth Substances; Muramidase; Rumen; Sialic Acids; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus | 1974 |
Bacteriolytic enzymes from Staphylococcus aureus. Specificity of ction of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase.
Topics: Alanine; Amidohydrolases; Amino Alcohols; Amino Sugars; Bacteria; Bacteriolysis; Boron Compounds; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Paper; Dinitrophenols; Disaccharides; Glucosamine; Glycine; Glycosaminoglycans; Glycoside Hydrolases; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Oxidation-Reduction; Peptide Hydrolases; Staphylococcus | 1970 |
The structure of the cell wall peptidoglycan of Bifidobacterium bifidum var. pennsylvanicus.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Asparagine; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Paper; Cycloserine; Dinitrophenols; Electrophoresis; Fluorine; Glucosamine; Glutamine; Glycosaminoglycans; Hydrazines; Hydrolysis; Lactobacillus; Models, Structural; Muramidase; Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars; Ornithine; Paper; Peptides; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Serine; Species Specificity; Stereoisomerism; Uracil Nucleotides | 1971 |
Wall peptidoglycan in Aerococcus viridans strains 201 Evans and ATCC 11563 and in Gaffkya homari strain ATCC 10400.
Topics: Alanine; Amidohydrolases; Amino Acid Sequence; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Paper; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Electrophoresis; Endopeptidases; Epididymis; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Glycosaminoglycans; Lysine; Male; Micrococcus; Mitosporic Fungi; Muramidase; Paper; Peptides; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Stereoisomerism; Streptococcaceae; Streptococcus; Streptomyces; Swine | 1971 |
Peptidoglycan synthesis in bacilli. I. Effect of temperature on the in vitro system from Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus stearothermophilus.
Topics: Alanine; Bacillus; Bacillus megaterium; Bacitracin; Carbon Isotopes; Carboxypeptidases; Cell Fractionation; Cell Membrane; Cell Wall; Cell-Free System; Chlorides; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Paper; Drug Stability; Glucosamine; Glycosaminoglycans; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Magnesium; Methods; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars; Peptide Biosynthesis; Pimelic Acids; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Staphylococcus; Temperature; Terpenes; Tritium; Uracil Nucleotides; Vancomycin | 1971 |
Peptidoglycan synthesis in bacilli. II. Characteristics of protoplast membrane preparations.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Autoradiography; Bacillus megaterium; Bacitracin; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Membrane; Chloramphenicol; Chlorides; Chromatography, Paper; Edetic Acid; Glucosamine; Glycosaminoglycans; Hydrochloric Acid; Kinetics; Macromolecular Substances; Magnesium; Muramidase; Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars; Osmotic Pressure; Penicillins; Peptides; Pimelic Acids; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Protoplasts; Temperature; Time Factors; Tritium; Tromethamine; Uracil Nucleotides; Vancomycin | 1971 |
The cell envelope in Proteus vulgaris P 18. Isolation and characterization of the peptidoglycan component.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Amidohydrolases; Amino Acids; Animals; Bacillus subtilis; Carboxypeptidases; Cattle; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Paper; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Detergents; Disaccharides; Electrophoresis, Paper; Epididymis; Glucosamine; Glycosaminoglycans; Hexosaminidases; Hot Temperature; Immunodiffusion; Kinetics; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Mitosporic Fungi; Muramidase; Pancreas; Peptide Hydrolases; Peptidoglycan; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Proteus; Rabbits; Streptomyces; Sulfuric Acids; Swine; Trypsin | 1971 |
Action of an N-acetylmuramidase from a Limax amoeba on the murein of Proteus mirabilis.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Ammonium Sulfate; Amoeba; Animals; Borohydrides; Caseins; Cell Wall; Chemical Precipitation; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Egg White; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Glycosaminoglycans; Kinetics; Lysine; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Nitrobenzenes; Oxidation-Reduction; Pepsin A; Peptidoglycan; Pimelic Acids; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Proteus; Sodium | 1971 |
Murein (peptidoglycan) structure of Vibrio fetus. Comparison of a venereal and an intestinal strain.
Topics: Acetates; Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Amoeba; Borohydrides; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Paper; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Detergents; Egg White; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Glycosaminoglycans; Hydrolysis; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Nitrobenzenes; Oxidation-Reduction; Peptides; Peptidoglycan; Pimelic Acids; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Sodium; Species Specificity; Sulfuric Acids; Vibrio | 1971 |
Use of N-methylnicotinamide chloride as a conformational probe in proteins. Identification of the binding sites in chicken egg-white lysozyme and a comparison with bovine-lactalbumin.
Topics: Albumins; Animals; Binding Sites; Bromine; Cattle; Chickens; Chlorides; Egg White; Glucosamine; Imides; Indoles; Mathematics; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Niacinamide; Optical Rotatory Dispersion; Oxidation-Reduction; Spectrophotometry; Succinates; Tryptophan | 1970 |
Effect of growth conditions on peptidoglycan structure and susceptibility to lytic enzymes in cell walls of Micrococcus sodonensis.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Bacteria; Cell Fractionation; Cell Wall; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Culture Media; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Glycine; Glycosaminoglycans; Kinetics; Lysine; Micrococcus; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Peptide Hydrolases; Peptides; Peptidoglycan; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Solubility | 1972 |
Biosynthesis of peptidoglycan by a cell wall preparation of Staphylococcus aureus and its inhibition by penicillin.
Topics: Acetates; Alanine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Wall; Detergents; Glucosamine; Glycine; Glycosaminoglycans; Muramidase; Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars; Penicillins; Peptides; Peptidoglycan; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Pronase; Ribonucleases; Staphylococcus; Uracil Nucleotides | 1972 |
Structure of the peptidoglycan from spores of Bacillus subtilis.
Topics: Acetates; Alanine; Amino Acids; Bacillus subtilis; Borohydrides; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Electrophoresis, Paper; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Glycosaminoglycans; Hexosaminidases; Hot Temperature; Lactams; Models, Chemical; Muramidase; Peptidoglycan; Pimelic Acids; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Spores; Spores, Bacterial; Tritium | 1972 |
Molecular orbital calculations of the catalytic effect of lysozyme. I. Glu 35 as general acid catalyst.
Topics: Catalysis; Cell Wall; Egg White; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Glycosaminoglycans; Glycosides; Hydrolysis; Models, Chemical; Models, Structural; Muramidase; X-Ray Diffraction | 1972 |
Structure of the cell wall of Micrococcus lysodeikticus. I. Study of the structure of the glycan.
Topics: Amino Sugars; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Paper; Glucosamine; Glycoside Hydrolases; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Myxomycetes; Oligosaccharides; Periodic Acid; Polysaccharides, Bacterial | 1966 |
[Cell wall of a virulent human strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 1. Preparation and chemical analysis].
Topics: Amino Acids; Arabinose; Cell Wall; Fatty Acids; Galactose; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Lipopolysaccharides; Mucoproteins; Muramidase; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Neuraminic Acids; Oxidation-Reduction; Peptide Hydrolases; Periodic Acid; Pimelic Acids; Trichloroacetic Acid; Ultracentrifugation | 1969 |
A 6 A crystallographic study of a spin-labeled inhibitor complex with lysozyme.
Topics: Acetamides; Binding Sites; Crystallography; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Glucosamine; Micrococcus; Models, Structural; Muramidase; Oxides; Piperidines; Surface Properties; Water; X-Ray Diffraction | 1971 |
Spin-label-induced nuclear relaxation. Distances between bound saccharides, histidine-15, and tryptophan-123 on lysozyme in solution.
Topics: Acetamides; Acetates; Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cyclic N-Oxides; Deuterium; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Glucosamine; Histidine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mathematics; Models, Chemical; Models, Structural; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Piperidines; Protein Conformation; Tryptophan | 1972 |
The use of spin labels for measuring distances in biological systems.
Topics: Acetamides; Adenosine Diphosphate; Ascorbic Acid; Binding Sites; Chromatography, Gel; Chymotrypsin; Copper; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glucosamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Manganese; Mathematics; Methods; Muramidase; Nickel; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spin Labels | 1973 |
Investigation of the lysozyme macromolecule by a spin-labeling method.
Topics: Cyclic N-Oxides; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Glucosamine; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Spin Labels | 1974 |
The binding and cleavage by lysozyme of N-acetylglucosamine oligosaccharides.
Topics: Glucosamine; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides | 1967 |
Thermochemistry of binding of alpha- and beta-N-acetylglucosamine to hen egg-white lysozyme. Effects of specific oxidation of tryptophan-62.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Calorimetry; Chickens; Egg White; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mathematics; Models, Chemical; Muramidase; Optical Rotation; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Binding; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Succinimides; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan | 1974 |
Penicillin-induced secretion of soluble, uncross-linked peptidoglycan by Micrococcus luteus cells.
Topics: Amidohydrolases; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Paper; Electrophoresis, Paper; Glucosamine; Glycine; Isotope Labeling; Lysine; Micrococcus; Molecular Weight; Muramidase; Penicillin G; Peptidoglycan; Streptomyces; Time Factors; Ultracentrifugation | 1974 |
Ionization constants of Glu 35 and Asp 52 in hen, turkey, and human lysozymes.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Chickens; Chromatography, Gel; Circular Dichroism; Female; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mathematics; Muramidase; Ovalbumin; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Species Specificity; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Turkeys; X-Ray Diffraction | 1974 |
Purification of native and synthetic lysozyme with tri-(N-acetylglucosamine)-agarose.
Topics: Chromatography, Affinity; Glucosamine; Ligands; Methods; Muramidase; Sepharose | 1974 |
A spectrofluorimetric study of human lysozyme.
Topics: Binding Sites; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Glucosamine; Glycosides; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leukemia, Myeloid; Muramidase; Ovalbumin; Protein Binding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence | 1972 |
The role of distortion in the lysozyme mechanism.
Topics: Binding Sites; Catalysis; Disaccharides; Glucosamine; Hydrolysis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mathematics; Models, Structural; Muramidase; Nitrophenols; Oligosaccharides; Protein Conformation; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1972 |
The use of a computer-controlled display system in the study of molecular conformations.
Topics: Acetates; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Computers; Data Display; Glucosamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Structural; Molecular Conformation; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Thymine Nucleotides; X-Ray Diffraction | 1972 |
The determination of the structure of proteins in solution: lysozyme.
Topics: Acetamides; Amino Acids; Binding Sites; Deuterium; Egg White; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fourier Analysis; Glucosamine; Lanthanum; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mathematics; Methods; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Solutions; Spin Labels; Time Factors | 1973 |
The detection of substrate distortion by lysozyme: an application of NMR to the study of enzyme substrate reactions.
Topics: Binding Sites; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Computers; Deuterium; Fourier Analysis; Glucosamine; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mathematics; Molecular Conformation; Muramic Acids; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Time Factors | 1973 |
Further studies on the circular dichroism of human lysozyme. Implications for structure and comparison of predicted secondary structures in homologous lysozymes.
Topics: Acetates; Acute Disease; Amino Acids; Animals; Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chickens; Circular Dichroism; Egg White; Glucosamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leukemia, Myeloid; Mathematics; Mice; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Rats; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 1974 |
The sulfhydryl groups of papaya lysozyme and their relation to biological activity.
Topics: Alkylation; Binding Sites; Brachyura; Chemical Phenomena; Chemical Precipitation; Chemistry; Chitin; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Glucosamine; Hot Temperature; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Mercury; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Optical Rotation; Pepsin A; Plants; Protein Denaturation; Sodium Chloride; Solubility; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Sulfhydryl Reagents | 1972 |
Identification of aspartic acid 52 as the point of attachment of an affinity label in hen egg white lysozyme.
Topics: Acetamides; Alkylation; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Isotopes; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chickens; Chromatography, Gel; Egg White; Electrophoresis, Paper; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Ethers, Cyclic; Female; Glucosamine; Glycosides; Muramidase; Oxidation-Reduction; Pepsin A; Peptides; Tritium | 1973 |
Bacteriophage T7 lysozyme is an N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids, Diamino; Arginine; Bacteriolysis; Carbon Radioisotopes; Coliphages; Culture Media; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Induction; Escherichia coli; Genes; Glucosamine; Lipoproteins; Molecular Weight; Muramic Acids; Muramidase; Mutation; Peptidoglycan; Pimelic Acids; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Tritium; Virus Cultivation | 1973 |
On the mode of in vivo assembly of the cell wall of Bacillus subtilis.
Topics: Amidohydrolases; Bacillus subtilis; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Wall; Concanavalin A; Glucosamine; Glucose; Glycopeptides; Glycosides; Models, Biological; Muramidase; Neuraminic Acids; Phosphates; Phosphoric Acids; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Teichoic Acids; Tritium; Uronic Acids | 1972 |
The modification of the tryptophan residues of bovine -lactalbumin with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide and with dimethyl(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)sulphonium bromide. II. Effect on the specifier protein activity.
Topics: Alkylation; Animals; Benzyl Compounds; Bromine; Cattle; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Electrophoresis; Glucosamine; Hexosyltransferases; Isomerism; Kinetics; Lactalbumin; Lactose Synthase; Milk; Muramidase; Nitrobenzenes; Phenols; Protein Conformation; Sulfonic Acids; Trypsin; Tryptophan | 1972 |
On the peptidoglycan of the cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Paper; Edetic Acid; Electrophoresis, Paper; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Macromolecular Substances; Methylation; Microscopy, Electron; Muramic Acids; Muramidase; Peptidoglycan; Pimelic Acids; Polyamines; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Tromethamine | 1972 |
Occurrence of N-nonsubstituted glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan of lysozyme-resistant cell walls from Bacillus cereus.
Topics: Acetates; Acylation; Amino Acids; Anhydrides; Bacillus cereus; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Wall; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Paper; Disaccharides; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Fluorine; Glucosamine; Hot Temperature; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Muramidase; Nitrobenzenes; Peptidoglycan | 1972 |
Action of lysozyme on oligosaccharides from peptidoglycan N-unacetylated at glucosamine residues.
Topics: Acetylation; Bacillus cereus; Catalysis; Cell Wall; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Paper; Disaccharides; Electrophoresis, Paper; Glucosamine; Hydrolysis; Micrococcus; Muramic Acids; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Peptides; Polysaccharides; Time Factors | 1973 |
Occurrence of glucosamine residues with free amino groups in cell wall peptidoglycan from bacilli as a factor responsible for resistance to lysozyme.
Topics: Alanine; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus megaterium; Bacillus subtilis; Cell Wall; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterococcus faecalis; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Lactobacillus; Lysine; Micrococcus; Muramic Acids; Muramidase; Peptidoglycan; Pimelic Acids; Staphylococcus | 1973 |
Conformation of lysozyme in aqueous solution. Effect of ionic strength and protein concentration.
Topics: Binding Sites; Chromatography, Gel; Glucosamine; Kinetics; Macromolecular Substances; Muramidase; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Conformation; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan; Water | 1972 |
Thermochemistry of lysozyme-inhibitor binding.
Topics: Acetates; Binding Sites; Calorimetry; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Chemical; Muramidase; Thermodynamics | 1972 |
Demonstration of endo-N-acetylglucosaminidase and endo-N-acetylmuramidase as impurities in a crude commercial preparation of -amylase from barley.
Topics: Amino Alcohols; Amino Sugars; Amylases; Bacteria; Bacteriolysis; Borohydrides; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Paper; Edible Grain; Glucosamine; Hexosaminidases; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isoelectric Focusing; Micrococcus; Muramic Acids; Muramidase; Peptidoglycan; Vibrio | 1972 |
Studies on the substrate specificity of egg white lysozyme. IV. A comparative study of the substrate specificities of lysozymes from different sources.
Topics: Chitin; Chromatography; Chromatography, Gel; Egg White; Glucosamine; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Plants, Edible; Saliva | 1972 |
On the oxidation of lysozyme by N-bromosuccinimide.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acid Sequence; Circular Dichroism; Glucosamine; Iodine; Muramidase; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Pyrrolidinones; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Succinimides; Tryptophan | 1972 |
Immunological studies of affinity labelled hen egg-white lysozyme and of the active site region of related lysozymes.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Binding Sites; Birds; Cattle; Chickens; Chromatography, Gel; Coliphages; Ducks; Ethers, Cyclic; Female; Glucosamine; Glycosides; Goats; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunoassay; Lactalbumin; Leukemia; Muramidase; Ovalbumin; Protein Binding; Species Specificity; Turkeys | 1972 |
Spectral studies of the interaction of bovine -lactalbumin and egg-white lysozyme with 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Cattle; Chromatography, Gel; Dialysis; Egg White; Galactose; Glucosamine; Glucose; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lactalbumin; Lactose; Mathematics; Milk; Muramidase; Naphthalenes; Optical Rotatory Dispersion; Protein Binding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Sulfonic Acids; Toluidines | 1972 |
Interactions of N-acetyl-chitooligosaccharides with human and hen lysozymes.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Circular Dichroism; Female; Glucosamine; Humans; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides | 1972 |
Studies on the substrate specificity of egg white lysozyme. V. Subsites C and D in the active site.
Topics: Acetylation; Amino Acids; Amino Sugars; Animals; Binding Sites; Chickens; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Egg White; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Methylation; Muramidase; Spectrophotometry, Infrared | 1972 |
Temperature and pH dependence of the binding of oligosaccharides to lysozyme.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Crystallography; Disaccharides; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ligands; Macromolecular Substances; Mathematics; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Temperature; Thermodynamics | 1973 |
Lysozyme-catalyzed reaction of the N-acetylglucosamine hexasaccharide. Dependence of rate on pH.
Topics: Binding Sites; Carbohydrates; Catalysis; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography; Disaccharides; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Mathematics; Monosaccharides; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Osmolar Concentration; Oxidation-Reduction; Spectrophotometry | 1973 |
Fluorescence polarization studies of lysozyme and lysozyme-saccharide complexes.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Chickens; Chromatography, Paper; Egg White; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mathematics; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tryptophan | 1973 |
Fluctuation of the lysozyme structure. II. Effects of temperature and binding of inhibitors.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Binding Sites; Chickens; Deuterium; Egg White; Glucosamine; Isotope Labeling; Kinetics; Mathematics; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Protein Binding; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Temperature; Time Factors | 1973 |
Environment and exposure to solvent of protein atoms. Lysozyme and insulin.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Binding Sites; Computers; Crystallization; Glucosamine; Glycine; Insulin; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Solvents; Zinc | 1973 |
Microcalorimetric study of binding by lysozyme of N-acetyl glucosamine oligomers.
Topics: Binding Sites; Calorimetry; Chitin; Chromatography, Gel; Energy Metabolism; Glucosamine; Hot Temperature; Muramidase | 1973 |
Preparation of carbohydrate modified proteins.
Topics: Amino Sugars; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Glucosamine; Glycoproteins; Muramidase | 1973 |
The lysozyme of Nephthys hombergii (Annelid). II. Study of some enzymatic properties.
Topics: Animals; Annelida; Chickens; Chitin; Chitinases; Colloids; Egg White; Female; Glucosamine; Histamine; Kinetics; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Osmolar Concentration; Spectrophotometry; Urea | 1973 |
Difference optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism.
Topics: Binding Sites; Chromium; Circular Dichroism; Enzymes; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glucosamine; Mathematics; Methods; Muramidase; Optical Rotatory Dispersion; Protein Binding; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Sucrose | 1973 |
Dependence on pH of the free energy and enthalpy of interaction of monosaccharides and disaccharides with lysozyme.
Topics: Acetamides; Binding Sites; Calorimetry; Catalysis; Disaccharides; Glucosamine; Glucose; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Ligands; Methylglycosides; Monosaccharides; Muramidase; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Binding; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thermodynamics; Xylose | 1974 |
Amidation and cross-linking of the enzymatically synthesized peptidoglycan of Bacillus stearothermophilus.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amides; Ammonium Chloride; Bacillus; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Paper; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Culture Media; Electrophoresis, Paper; Glucosamine; Glutamine; Muramic Acids; Muramidase; Nitrobenzenes; Oligopeptides; Penicillin G; Peptidoglycan; Temperature; Uridine Diphosphate Sugars | 1974 |
Effect of leukocyte hydrolases on bacteria. I. Degradation of 14C-labeled Streptococcus and Staphylococcus by leukocyte lysates in vitro.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cathepsins; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Paper; Glucosamine; Glucuronidase; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leukocytes; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Phenols; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Teichoic Acids; Tissue Extracts; Trypsin | 1974 |
Peptidoglycan structure in cell walls of parental and filamentous Streptococcus cremoris HP.
Topics: Acetylation; Alanine; Aspartic Acid; Autoanalysis; Cell Fractionation; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Colorimetry; Formamides; Galactose; Glucosamine; Glucose; Glutamates; Hot Temperature; Indicators and Reagents; Lysine; Muramic Acids; Muramidase; Peptidoglycan; Rhamnose; Solvents; Streptococcus; Sugar Phosphates | 1974 |
A hydrogen-exchange study of lysozyme conformation changes induced by inhibitor binding.
Topics: Acetates; Enzyme Activation; Glucosamine; Hydrogen; Kinetics; Mathematics; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Tritium | 1974 |
The effect of gadolinium ion on the binding of inhibitors and substrates to lysozyme.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Chickens; Chlorides; Egg White; Gadolinium; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mathematics; Models, Chemical; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Binding; Protons; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1974 |
[Isolation from Act. streptomycini of enzymatic extracts forming glucosamine].
Topics: Enzymes; Escherichia coli; Glucosamine; Glutamine; Methods; Muramidase; Neurospora; Streptomyces | 1968 |
Inhibition of envelope polymerizations in filamentous Escherichia coli B.
Topics: Caprylates; Chromatography, Paper; Escherichia coli; Glucosamine; Lipopolysaccharides; Mucoproteins; Muramidase; Pimelic Acids | 1968 |
The macromolecular component of the palm-leaf-like crystals in dried samples of rabbit seminal plasma.
Topics: Amylases; Animals; Chymotrypsin; Crystallization; Glucosamine; Lipase; Macromolecular Substances; Male; Muramidase; Neuraminidase; Pepsin A; Peptide Hydrolases; Phospholipases; Polysaccharides; Proteins; Rabbits; Semen; Trypsin | 1971 |
Morphological and biological changes induced by thallium acetate in Escherichia coli.
Topics: Cell Wall; Coliphages; Cytoplasm; Escherichia coli; Glucosamine; Hot Temperature; Microscopy, Electron; Mitomycins; Muramidase; Penicillins; Platinum; Sodium Chloride; Streptomycin; Thallium | 1971 |
Studies on filamentous forms of Bacillus cereus strain T.
Topics: Alanine; Bacillus cereus; Cell Membrane; Cell Wall; Cytoplasm; Glucosamine; Glucose; Hexosamines; Hydroxybutyrates; Lactates; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Mitosis; Muramidase; Mutation; Pimelic Acids; Pyruvates; Ultrasonics | 1967 |
[Influence of N-acetylglucosamine, chitobiose and chitotriose on fluorescence, as a function of pH, of 6 lysozymes of different origins].
Topics: Animals; Birds; Chickens; Disaccharides; Ducks; Female; Fluorometry; Geese; Glucosamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leukocytes; Milk, Human; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Ovum | 1969 |
[Inhibition by polymers of N-Acetylglucosamine of lysing activity at 6,2 of lysozymes of different origins towards Micrococcus lysodeikticus].
Topics: Animals; Bacteriolysis; Egg White; Glucosamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Micrococcus; Milk, Human; Muramidase; Polymers; Poultry | 1970 |
[Application of calorimetry to the study of enzyme-inhibitor interactions].
Topics: Calorimetry; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glucosamine; Muramidase | 1969 |
In vivo and in vitro action of new antibiotics interfering with the utilization of N-acetyl-glucosamine-N-acetyl-muramyl-pentapeptide.
Topics: Alanine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Autoradiography; Bacillus; Bacillus cereus; Bacterial Proteins; Carbon Isotopes; Cell-Free System; Chromatography, Paper; Culture Media; Enzymes; Glucosamine; Glycopeptides; Hot Temperature; Muramidase; Penicillins; Peptides; Peptidoglycan; Polysaccharides; Staphylococcus; Stereoisomerism; Temperature | 1971 |
Structure of the peptidoglycan from vegetative cell walls of Bacillus subtilis.
Topics: Amidohydrolases; Amino Acids; Bacillus subtilis; Borohydrides; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Electrophoresis, Paper; Galactosamine; Glucosamine; Glucose; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Models, Structural; Muramidase; Nitrobenzenes; Optical Rotation; Optical Rotatory Dispersion; Oxidation-Reduction; Peptides; Peptidoglycan; Pimelic Acids; Streptomyces; Teichoic Acids; Tritium | 1971 |
The isolation and structure identification of a discaccharide containing manno-muramic acid from Micrococcus lysodeikticus cell wall.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Paper; Disaccharides; Egg White; Electrophoresis, Paper; Glucosamine; Hexosamines; Infrared Rays; Mannose; Micrococcus; Models, Chemical; Models, Structural; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Optical Rotation; Spectrophotometry | 1972 |
Comparison of circular dichrometers: normal and difference circular dichroism measurements.
Topics: Acetates; Camphor; Circular Dichroism; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Methods; Muramidase; Optical Rotatory Dispersion; Peptides; Protein Conformation; Spectrum Analysis; Sucrose; Sulfonic Acids; Ultraviolet Rays | 1972 |
Ionization behavior of the cleft carboxyls in lysozyme-substrate complexes.
Topics: Acetates; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Carboxylic Acids; Chitin; Chromatography, Gel; Ethanol; Glucosamine; Glycols; Glycosides; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mathematics; Models, Chemical; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Potentiometry; Protein Binding | 1972 |
Circular dichroism of human lysozyme.
Topics: Circular Dichroism; Egg White; Glucosamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Muramidase; Spectrum Analysis | 1972 |
An NMR method for characterizing conformation changes in proteins.
Topics: Acetates; Aspartic Acid; Fluorine; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mathematics; Methods; Models, Chemical; Models, Structural; Muramidase; Protein Conformation; Protons | 1972 |
Interaction of lysozyme with isomeric p-nitrophenyl O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy- -D-glucopyranosyl)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy- -D-glucopyranosyl)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy- -D-glucopyranosides.
Topics: Acetamides; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Cell Wall; Egg White; Glucosamine; Kinetics; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Nitrophenols; Oligosaccharides; Ovalbumin; Protein Conformation; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1972 |
A structural study by 19 F-nuclear-magnetic resonance of the binding of sugars to lysozyme.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography; Fluoroacetates; Gadolinium; Glucosamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Manganese; Models, Structural; Muramidase; Protein Binding | 1972 |
A transition state analog for lysozyme.
Topics: Acetates; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chitin; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Lactones; Mathematics; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tryptophan | 1972 |
Computer simulation of sedimentation equilibrium distributions for systems involving heterogeneous associations. The interaction of N-acetylgucosamine with lysozyme.
Topics: Acetates; Binding Sites; Chemical Precipitation; Computers; Glucosamine; Mathematics; Models, Theoretical; Molecular Weight; Muramidase; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Binding | 1972 |
A tryptophyl circular dichroic band at 305 mu of hen egg-white lysozyme.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Chitin; Circular Dichroism; Egg White; Ethanol; Glucosamine; Glucose; Glycols; Guanidines; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indicators and Reagents; Muramidase; Potassium Chloride; Spectrum Analysis; Sucrose; Urea | 1972 |
A 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance study of the binding of trifluoroacetylglucosamine oligomers to lysozyme.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Chickens; Cobalt; Egg White; Fluorine; Fluoroacetates; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mathematics; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Protein Binding; Spectrophotometry; Ultraviolet Rays | 1972 |
Studies on the cell walls of Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Fractionation of the nondialyzable components from a lysozyme digest of cell walls.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Cell Wall; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Paper; Dialysis; Electrophoresis, Paper; Glucosamine; Glucose; Hexosamines; Hydrolysis; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Peptidoglycan; Phosphates; Trichloroacetic Acid; Uronic Acids | 1972 |
Calorimetric titration of lysozyme.
Topics: Calorimetry; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Muramidase; Potentiometry; Thermodynamics | 1972 |
Rotational relaxation time of pyridoxyl 5-phosphate lysozyme.
Topics: Acetates; Alkylation; Borohydrides; Cell Wall; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chemistry, Physical; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Paper; Electrophoresis; Fluoresceins; Fluorescence; Fluorometry; Glucosamine; Hydrolysis; Iodides; Light; Lysine; Mathematics; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Oxidation-Reduction; Paper; Peptides; Picolines; Potassium; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Rotation; Sodium; Spectrophotometry; Thiocyanates; Trypsin; Viscosity | 1971 |
The interaction of -lactalbumin with Tris cation and other cationic hydroxamines.
Topics: Albumins; Amino Alcohols; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Electrophoresis, Disc; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ions; Kinetics; Muramidase; Phosphates; Protein Binding | 1971 |
A nuclear magnetic resonance study of lysozyme inhibition. Effects of dimerization and pH on saccharide binding.
Topics: Amino Acids; Binding Sites; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mathematics; Models, Chemical; Muramidase; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1971 |
Comparative studies on nuclear lysozyme in rat tissues.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Cell Nucleus; Egg White; Electrophoresis; Female; Glucosamine; Guanidines; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney; Liver; Lysosomes; Microsomes; Microsomes, Liver; Mitochondria; Mitochondria, Liver; Muramidase; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Denaturation; Rats; Spleen; Subcellular Fractions; Urea | 1971 |
N-Fluoroacetyl-D-glucosamine as a molecular probe of lysozyme structure using ( 19 F)fluorine-nuclear-magnetic resonance techniques.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography; Fluoroacetates; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Muramidase; Optical Rotation | 1971 |
N-fluoroacetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine as a molecular probe of lysozyme structure by using ( 19 F) fluorine nuclear-magnetic-resonance techniques.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Chickens; Female; Fluorine; Glucosamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muramidase; Ovum; Radioisotopes | 1971 |
Crystallographic studies of the active site of lysozyme. In: Molecular properties of drug receptors.
Topics: Binding Sites; Chitin; Crystallography; Glucosamine; Hydrolysis; Models, Chemical; Muramidase; Protein Binding | 1970 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of macromolecules with fluorine nuclei as probes.
Topics: Binding Sites; Carboxypeptidases; Fluorine; Fluoroacetates; Glucosamine; Hemoglobins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lysine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Manganese; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Pyruvate Kinase; Radioisotopes; Ribonucleases | 1971 |
Studies on the enzymic activity of lysozyme, 3. The binding of saccharides.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Methanol; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Solutions; Surface-Active Agents; Thermodynamics; Urea | 1967 |
Highly inhibitory antibody fraction against enzymic activity of egg white lysozyme on a small substrate.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Antigens; Carbon Isotopes; Chickens; Ducks; Egg White; Glucosamine; Iodine Isotopes; Kinetics; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Peptides; Rabbits; Ultracentrifugation | 1969 |
Kinetics of lysozyme-substrate interactions.
Topics: Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Muramidase; Temperature | 1969 |
The binding of N-acetylglucosamine to lysozyme. Studies on circular dichroism.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Chickens; Chitin; Crystallography; Egg White; Female; Glucosamine; Glycols; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Muramidase; Spectrum Analysis | 1969 |
A reduced ovomucin-reduced lysozyme complex from egg white.
Topics: Chromatography, Gel; Egg White; Galactose; Glucosamine; Glycoproteins; Hexosamines; Muramidase; Neuraminic Acids; Potassium Chloride | 1969 |
Labelling of the catalytic site of lysozyme.
Topics: Binding Sites; Coloring Agents; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Protein Binding; Spectrophotometry; Spectrum Analysis | 1969 |
Purification and properties of a bacteriolytic enzyme from a soil amoeba Hartmannella glebae.
Topics: Acetone; Agar; Alcaligenes; Amoeba; Animals; Bacteriolysis; Cell Wall; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Culture Media; Enterobacter; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Soil; Temperature; Time Factors; Vibration | 1969 |
Design and performance of a differential spectrofluorometer.
Topics: Fluorometry; Glucosamine; Indoles; Methods; Muramidase; Spectrophotometry; Tryptophan | 1970 |
Thermochemistry of lysozyme-inhibitor binding.
Topics: Calorimetry; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mathematics; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Thermodynamics | 1970 |
Studies on the substrate specificity of egg white lysozyme. 3. The mode of the enzymatic action on partially O-hydroxyethylated chitin (glycol chitin).
Topics: Chitin; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Paper; Egg White; Glucosamine; Glycols; Muramidase; Oxidation-Reduction; Polysaccharides | 1970 |
Kinetics of lysozyme-substrate interactions.
Topics: Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Fluorometry; Glucosamine; Kinetics; Muramidase | 1970 |
Lactose synthetase. Modification of carboxyl groups in alpha-lactalbumin.
Topics: Acetates; Albumins; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Isotopes; Cattle; Cell Wall; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chickens; Chromatography, Gel; Electrophoresis; Galactose; Glucosamine; Glucose; Glutamates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Imines; Kinetics; Lactose; Muramidase; Optical Rotatory Dispersion; Ovalbumin; Protein Binding; Spectrum Analysis; Transferases; Ultraviolet Rays; Uracil Nucleotides | 1970 |
Separation of contributions of tryptophans and tyrosines to the ultraviolet circular dichroism spectrum of hen egg-white lysozyme.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chickens; Circular Dichroism; Glucosamine; Iodine; Models, Structural; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Ovalbumin; Oxidation-Reduction; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Ultraviolet Rays | 1970 |
[Interaction of lysozyme with low-molecular inhibitors and modified substrates containing beta-(1-6)-glucosaminidic bonds].
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Enzyme Activation; Glucosamine; Micrococcus; Muramidase | 1970 |
[Protein structure and function].
Topics: Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Glucosamine; Intrinsic Factor; Muramidase; Muscle Proteins; Proteins; Vitamin B 12 | 1970 |
Influence of pH and ionic strength of the lysis of Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells by six human and four avian lysozymes.
Topics: Animals; Bacteriolysis; Chickens; Ducks; Female; Geese; Glucosamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leukocytes; Micrococcus; Milk, Human; Models, Structural; Muramidase; Osmolar Concentration; Poultry | 1970 |
Interaction of alcohols with lysozyme. I. Studies on circular dichroism.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Circular Dichroism; Ethanol; Glucosamine; Glycols; Methanol; Muramidase; Ovalbumin; Spectrum Analysis; Sucrose | 1970 |
The cytochemical localization of lysozyme activity in leucocytes.
Topics: Chitin; Glucosamine; Histamine; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukocytes; Muramidase; Neutrophils | 1970 |
A kinetic analysis of the reaction of lysozyme with oligosaccharides from bacterial cell walls.
Topics: Bacteria; Binding Sites; Cell Wall; Computers; Glucosamine; Hexosamines; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Mathematics; Models, Chemical; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides | 1971 |
[Effect of egg lysozyme on disaccharides].
Topics: Chromatography; Disaccharides; Eggs; Glucosamine; Muramidase | 1967 |
[Isolation and composition of lysozyme substrate from bacterial cells].
Topics: Amino Acids; Amino Sugars; Bacteria; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Paper; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Glucosamine; Micrococcus; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Pseudomonas; Spectrophotometry | 1967 |
Studies of the physicochemical and enzymatic properties of papaya lysozyme.
Topics: Amino Acids; Cell Wall; Chitinases; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Electrophoresis; Glucosamine; Glycine; Imides; Iodine; Micrococcus; Molecular Weight; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Ovalbumin; Oxidation-Reduction; Peptides; Plants; Spectrum Analysis; Succinates; Tryptophan; Ultraviolet Rays | 1967 |
Isolation and characterization of the disaccharide N-acetyl-glucosaminyl-beta(1 bound to 4)-N-acetylmuramic acid and two tripeptide derivatives of this disaccharide from lysozyme digests of Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945 cell walls.
Topics: Alanine; Amidohydrolases; Amino Acids; Amino Sugars; Bacillus; Bacteria; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Paper; Disaccharides; Electrophoresis; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Muramidase; Peptides; Pimelic Acids; Stereoisomerism | 1968 |
Dynamics of lysozyme-saccharide interactions.
Topics: Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Disaccharides; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Oscillometry; Temperature; Thermodynamics | 1968 |
Comparison of proteinstructure in the crystal and in solution. 3. Tritium-hydrogen exchange of lysozyme and a lysozyme-saccharide complex.
Topics: Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Crystallization; Glucosamine; Hydrogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Sodium Chloride; Solutions; Temperature; Time Factors; Tritium | 1968 |
A nuclear magnetic resonance study of association equilibria and enzyme-boud environments of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine anomers and lysozyme.
Topics: Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Glucosamine; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muramidase | 1968 |
Comparative behavior of six different lysozymes in the presence of an inhibitor.
Topics: Animals; Bacteriolysis; Binding Sites; Chickens; Ducks; Egg White; Female; Fluorometry; Geese; Glucosamine; Humans; Leukocytes; Micrococcus; Milk, Human; Muramidase; Ovum; Protein Denaturation | 1968 |
Difference spectropolarimetry as a probe for small conformational changes.
Topics: Glucosamine; Light; Methods; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Rotation; Sucrose | 1968 |
Specific and irreversible inhibition of lysozyme by 2',3'-epoxypropyl beta-glycosides of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine oligomers.
Topics: Acetates; Binding Sites; Ethers, Cyclic; Glucosamine; Glycosides; Muramidase; Polymers | 1969 |
A transient nuclear magnetic resonance study of the kinetics of methyl N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide inhibition of lysozyme.
Topics: Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Esters; Glucosamine; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muramidase; Stereoisomerism; Thermodynamics | 1969 |
Proton magnetic resonance studies of human lysozyme.
Topics: Binding Sites; Glucosamine; Histidine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muramidase; Peptides; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan | 1969 |
[Kinetic study of inhibition of lysozymes of different origins by N-acetylglucosamine].
Topics: Animals; Birds; Chickens; Ducks; Female; Geese; Glucosamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Leukocytes; Milk, Human; Muramidase; Ovalbumin; Ovum; Tears | 1969 |
The dependence of lysozyme activity on pH and ionic strength.
Topics: Amidines; Animals; Bacteriolysis; Binding Sites; Cell Wall; Chickens; Chitin; Egg White; Electrochemistry; Glucosamine; Glycosides; Hexosamines; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Osmolar Concentration | 1969 |
A rapid microassay of lysozyme activity with reduced chitin oligosaccharides as substrate.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Chitin; Chromatography; Chromatography, Gel; Ducks; Glucosamine; Indicators and Reagents; Methods; Microchemistry; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Ovalbumin; Proteins | 1969 |
Enzymatic polymerization of UDP-acetylmuramyl.L-ala.D-glu.L-lys.D-ala.D-ala and UDP-acetylglucosamine by a particulate enzyme from Staphylococcus aureus and its inhibition by antibiotics.
Topics: Bacitracin; Cell Biology; Enzymes; Glucosamine; Glycoproteins; In Vitro Techniques; Muramidase; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Peptide Biosynthesis; Polymers; Ristocetin; Staphylococcus; Uracil Nucleotides; Vancomycin | 1964 |
Structure of some crystalline lysozyme-inhibitor complexes determined by X-ray analysis at 6 Angstrom resolution.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Crystallography; Enzymes; Glucosamine; In Vitro Techniques; Models, Theoretical; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides | 1965 |
Influence of inhibitory sugars on the fluorescence of lysozyme.
Topics: Amino Sugars; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Enzymes; Fluorescence; Glucosamine; Micrococcus; Muramidase | 1966 |
Interaction between lysozme and acetamido sugars as detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Glucosamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muramidase | 1966 |
[A study of the synthesis of glucosamine by extracts isolated from Act. streptomycini].
Topics: Actinomyces; Amides; Ammonia; Fructose; Glucosamine; Glucose; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Muramidase; Phosphates; Transaminases; Urea; Urease | 1966 |
The binding of saccharide to crystalline and soluble lysozyme measured directly and through solubility studies.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Crystallography; Glucosamine; Muramidase; Solubility | 1967 |
The interaction between lysozyme and penicillin.
Topics: Cephalothin; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Enzymes; Fluorometry; Glucosamine; Muramidase; Penicillin G; Pyrrolidinones; Tryptophan | 1967 |
A convenient method for isolating the disaccharide and the tetrasaccharide in muramidase digests of Micrococcus lysodeikticus cell walls.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Amino Acids; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Paper; Disaccharides; Electrophoresis; Glucosamine; Hexosamines; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides | 1967 |
[Relations between the structure and activity of certain lysozymes].
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Catalysis; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cystine; Ducks; Egg White; Geese; Glucosamine; Histidine; Hot Temperature; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Ozone; Tryptophan | 1967 |
[Specificity of different lysozymes with respect to low molecular weight substrates originating from chitin].
Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chickens; Chitin; Chromatography, Paper; Ducks; Egg White; Geese; Glucosamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Milk, Human; Molecular Weight; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides | 1967 |
Inhibition of lysozyme by N-acyl-D-glucosamine derivatives.
Topics: Glucosamine; Muramidase | 1967 |
Fluorescence of lysozyme and lysozyme substrate complexes. Separation of tryptophan contributions by fluorescence difference methods.
Topics: Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Energy Transfer; Fluorescence; Fluorometry; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Chemical; Muramidase; Protein Binding; Tryptophan | 1967 |
The binding of oligosaccharides containing N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid to lysozyme. The specificity of binding subsites.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Chickens; Dialysis; Egg White; Fluorometry; Glucosamine; Hexosamines; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Structural; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Protein Binding; Thermodynamics | 1967 |
Proximity of the enzyme active center and an antigenic determinant of lysozyme.
Topics: Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Complement Fixation Tests; Glucosamine; Muramidase | 1967 |
Inhibition of lysozyme by derivatives of D-glucosamine. I.
Topics: Bacteriolysis; Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Egg White; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Spectrophotometry | 1967 |
Glucosamine substitution and muramidase susceptibility in Bacillus anthracis.
Topics: Acetic Anhydrides; Acetylation; Bacillus anthracis; Bacteriolysis; Cell Wall; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Endopeptidases; Glucosamine; Muramidase | 1984 |
Sensitivity of Coxiella burnetii peptidoglycan to lysozyme hydrolysis and correlation of sacculus rigidity with peptidoglycan-associated proteins.
Topics: Amino Acids; Cell Wall; Coxiella; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glucosamine; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Membrane Proteins; Muramidase; Peptidoglycan | 1984 |
Effect of N-acyl substitution at glucosamine residues on lysozyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of cell-wall peptidoglycan and its oligosaccharides.
Topics: Acylation; Bacillus cereus; Cell Wall; Glucosamine; Hydrolysis; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Peptidoglycan; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1980 |
Enzymatic deacetylation of N-acetylglucosamine residues in cell wall peptidoglycan.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Amidohydrolases; Bacillus; Bacillus cereus; Cell Wall; Glucosamine; Kinetics; Muramidase; Peptidoglycan; Species Specificity; Substrate Specificity | 1980 |
Linear, uncross-linked peptidoglycan secreted by penicillin-treated Bacillus subtilis. Isolation and characterization as a substrate for penicillin-sensitive D-alanine carboxypeptidases.
Topics: Amino Acids; Bacillus subtilis; Carboxypeptidases; Glucosamine; Kinetics; Muramidase; Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase; Penicillin G; Peptidoglycan | 1980 |
Difference between tortoise and hen lysozymes in the mode of association with N-acetyl D-glucosamine as revealed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Animals; Chickens; Glucosamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muramidase; Turtles | 1983 |
Fluorescence polarization studies of saccharide binding to wheat germ agglutinin and lysozyme.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Binding Sites; Disaccharides; Glucosamine; Lectins; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Protein Binding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tryptophan; Wheat Germ Agglutinins | 1980 |
Induction of differentiation of human and murine myeloid leukemia cells in culture by tunicamycin.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cell Line; DNA, Neoplasm; Enzyme Induction; Glucosamine; Glycoproteins; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Muramidase; Neoplasm Proteins; Phagocytosis; Receptors, Fc; RNA, Neoplasm; Tunicamycin | 1980 |
Peptidoglycan of Rhodopseudomonas viridis: partial lack of N-acetyl substitution of glucosamine.
Topics: Acetylation; Disaccharides; Glucosamine; Hydrolysis; Muramidase; Peptidoglycan; Rhodopseudomonas | 1982 |
Prediction of the three-dimensional structures of complexes of lysozyme with cell wall substrates.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Binding Sites; Cell Wall; Glucosamine; Models, Molecular; Muramic Acids; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sugar Acids; X-Ray Diffraction | 1981 |
The binding of monosaccharide inhibitors to hen egg-white lysozyme by proton magnetic resonance at 270 MHz and analysis by ring-current calculations.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Animals; Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chickens; Egg White; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Methylglucosides; Methylglycosides; Models, Chemical; Muramidase; Protein Binding | 1981 |
The simultaneous binding of lanthanide and N-acetylglucosamine inhibitors to hen egg-white lysozyme in solution by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Animals; Binding Sites; Chickens; Egg White; Glucosamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metals, Rare Earth; Methylglucosides; Methylglycosides; Models, Chemical; Muramidase; Protein Binding | 1981 |
Oxindolealanine-62 lysozyme: equilibrium, calorimetric, and kinetic studies of the reaction with N-acetylglucosamine oligosaccharides.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Calorimetry; Egg White; Glucosamine; Kinetics; Muramidase; Oligosaccharides; Protein Binding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thermodynamics | 1980 |
Enhancement in the lysozyme activity of the hen egg white foam matrix by cross-linking in the presence of N-acetyl glucosamine.
Topics: Animals; Chick Embryo; Cross-Linking Reagents; Glucosamine; Kinetics; Muramidase; Ovum; Time Factors | 1999 |
Mycobacterial cell walls. II. Chemical composition of the "basal layer".
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Amino Sugars; Arabinose; Carbohydrates; Cell Wall; Galactose; Glucosamine; Japan; Lipids; Muramidase; Mycobacterium | 1963 |
THE ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX IN A MURAMIDASE CATALYZED REACTION. I. DIFFERENCE SPECTRUM OF COMPLEX.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Glucosamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Muramidase; Ovalbumin; Polysaccharides; Pyrrolidinones; Research; Spectrum Analysis; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Urea | 1963 |
CELL WALL COMPOSITION OF A MARINE CYTOPHAGA.
Topics: Amino Acids; Bacterial Proteins; Bacteriological Techniques; Carbohydrates; Cell Biology; Cell Wall; Chromatography; Cytophaga; Glucosamine; Histocytochemistry; Lipids; Marine Biology; Muramidase; Research | 1964 |
THE ENZYME DEGRADATION OF CELL WALLS OF STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS.
Topics: Alanine; Alcohols; Amino Sugars; Bacterial Proteins; Cell Wall; Chromatography; Electrophoresis; Enterococcus faecalis; Galactose; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Lysine; Mucoproteins; Muramidase; Pentoses; Peptides; Research; Rhamnose; Trypsin | 1964 |
A TRANSGLYCOSYLATION REACTION CATALYZED BY LYSOZYME.
Topics: Chromatography; Disaccharides; Glucosamine; Metabolism; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Polysaccharides; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Research | 1964 |
STRUCTURE OF STREPTOCOCCAL CELL WALLS. 3. CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ALANINE-CONTAINING GLUCOSAMINYLMURAMIC ACID DERIVATIVE LIBERATED BY LYSOZYME FROM STREPTOCOCCAL GLYCOPEPTIDE.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Cell Membrane; Cell Wall; Disaccharides; Glucosamine; Glycopeptides; Hexosamines; Muramidase; Peptides; Research; Streptococcus | 1964 |
CELL WALLS OF THREE STRAINS OF MYCOBACTERIA (MYCOBACTERIUM PHLEI, MYCOBACTERIUM FORTUITUM AND MYCOBACTERIUM KANSASII). PREPARATION, ANALYSIS AND DIGESTION BY LYSOZYMES OF DIFFERENT ORIGINS.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Amino Sugars; Arabinose; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Cell Biology; Cell Physiological Phenomena; Cell Wall; Chromatography; Galactose; Glucosamine; Glutamates; Glycine; Hexosamines; Muramidase; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Mycobacterium kansasii; Mycobacterium phlei; Research | 1964 |
THE CELL WALLS OF GROUP D STREPTOCOCCI. I. THE IMMUNOCHEMISTRY OF THE TYPE 1 CARBOHYDRATE.
Topics: Antibodies; Antigens; Carbohydrates; Cell Membrane; Cell Wall; Cytoplasm; Disaccharides; Galactose; Glucosamine; Glucose; Glycosides; Immunochemistry; Monosaccharides; Muramidase; Peptides; Polysaccharides; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Precipitin Tests; Rhamnose; Streptococcus | 1965 |
Functional and structural effects of mutagenic replacement of Asn37 at subsite F on the lysozyme-catalyzed reaction.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Asparagine; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Chitin; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glucosamine; Muramidase; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Structural Homology, Protein; Substrate Specificity | 2004 |
Identification and cloning of an invertebrate-type lysozyme from Eisenia andrei.
Topics: Animals; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Adhesion; Carbon-Nitrogen Lyases; Chitinases; Cloning, Molecular; Echinodermata; Endopeptidases; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Glucosamine; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Hirudo medicinalis; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Hydrolysis; Muramic Acids; Muramidase; Oligochaeta; Sequence Homology; Virulence | 2009 |
Peptidoglycan analysis reveals that synergistic deacetylase activity in vegetative
Topics: Acylation; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Cell Wall; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cricetinae; Female; Glucosamine; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Hydrolases; Immunity, Innate; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Muramidase; Mutagenesis; Peptidoglycan; Virulence | 2020 |