Page last updated: 2024-09-04

glucagon and niacinamide

glucagon has been researched along with niacinamide in 36 studies

Compound Research Comparison

Studies
(glucagon)
Trials
(glucagon)
Recent Studies (post-2010)
(glucagon)
Studies
(niacinamide)
Trials
(niacinamide)
Recent Studies (post-2010) (niacinamide)
26,0391,4983,05413,3811,0975,797

Protein Interaction Comparison

ProteinTaxonomyglucagon (IC50)niacinamide (IC50)
Chain A, NAD-dependent deacetylaseThermotoga maritima1000
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)3.3
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2Homo sapiens (human)2.9
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-3, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)8.1

Research

Studies (36)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199014 (38.89)18.7374
1990's5 (13.89)18.2507
2000's12 (33.33)29.6817
2010's3 (8.33)24.3611
2020's2 (5.56)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Baba, S; Kazumi, T; Morita, S; Yoshino, G1
Kazumi, T1
Baba, S; Fujii, S; Kazumi, T; Morita, S; Taniguchi, H; Yoshida, Y; Yoshino, G1
Baba, S; Kazumi, T; Kobayashi, N; Morita, S; Terashi, K; Yoshino, G1
Ammon, HP1
Bernal, M; Lassmann-Vague, V; Picq, R; Vague, P; Vialettes, B1
Braun, P; Fóris, G; Gedeon, A; Kertai, P1
Hanson, RW; Reshef, L1
Bauer, GE; Dixit, PK; Johnson, DE; Michels, JE1
Blondel, B; Masiello, P; Renold, AE; Wollheim, CB1
Labelle, S; Talesnik, J1
Edwards, AM; Glistak, ML; Lucas, CM; Wilson, PA1
Andreani, D; Baroni, MG; Boccuni, ML; Buzzetti, R; Cavallo, MG; Fioriti, E; Lucentini, L; Pozzilli, P; Signore, A; Visalli, N1
Beattie, GM; Hayek, A; Mally, MI; Otonkoski, T; Ricordi, C1
Beattie, GM; Hayek, A; Mally, MI; Otonkoski, T; Rubin, JS1
Mizuno, A; Noma, Y; Sano, T; Shima, K; Zhu, M1
Beattie, GM; Cirulli, V; Hayek, A; Lopez, A; Mally, MI; Ptasznik, A1
Bonner-Weir, S; Lopez-Avalos, MD; Sharma, A; Tatarkiewicz, K; Weir, GC1
Carr, RD; Gotfredsen, CF; Larsen, MO; Rolin, B; Svendsen, O; Wilken, M1
Ahrens, K; Cornelius, JG; Hatch, H; Li, S; Peck, AB; Petersen, BE; Yang, L1
Ohgawara, H; Sato, A; Wang, PC1
Hardikar, AA; Kwok, J; Tuch, BE; Wang, XY; Williams, LJ; Wong, R; Yao, M1
Miyagawa, J1
Cahoy, JD; Heit, JJ; Hori, Y; Kim, SK; Rulifson, IC; Tsai, BC1
EISENTRAUT, AM; LOCHNERJDE, V; UNGER, RH1
CLARK, JB; GREENBAUM, AL1
Fishman, B; Itskovitz-Eldor, J; Segev, H; Shulman, M; Ziskind, A1
Chang, CC; Ferber, S; Linning, KD; Madhukar, BV; Olson, LK; Reed, DN; Tai, MH; Trosko, JE1
Carr, RD; Gotfredsen, CF; Holst, JJ; Larsen, MO; Rolin, B1
Afşar, S; Akkan, AG; Kutluata, N; Ozdaş, SB; Ozyazgan, S1
Hiriart, M; Larrieta, E; Vital, P1
Chen, Y; Docherty, HM; Docherty, K; Lima, MJ1
Szkudelska, K; Szkudelski, T; Zywert, A1
Christensen, B; Dollerup, OL; Gillum, MP; Hartmann, B; Holst, JJ; Jessen, N; Møller, N; Trammell, SAJ; Treebak, JT1
Kaya-Dagistanli, F; Ozturk, M1
Charlotte Moffett, R; Flatt, PR; Irwin, N; Sarnobat, D; Tarasov, AI1

Reviews

1 review(s) available for glucagon and niacinamide

ArticleYear
[Regenerative medicine in diabetes by beta cell therapy and promotion of beta cell growth and differentiation].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2002, Volume: 60 Suppl 9

    Topics: Animals; Antigens, Neoplasm; Betacellulin; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Genetic Therapy; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Islets of Langerhans; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; Lectins, C-Type; Niacinamide; Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Proteins; Regeneration; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering

2002

Trials

3 trial(s) available for glucagon and niacinamide

ArticleYear
Effect of nicotinamide treatment on the residual insulin secretion in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients.
    Diabetologia, 1989, Volume: 32, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Glucagon; Glycated Hemoglobin; HLA-DR Antigens; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Niacinamide

1989
Combination of nicotinamide and steroid versus nicotinamide in recent-onset IDDM. The IMDIAB II Study.
    Diabetes care, 1994, Volume: 17, Issue:8

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C-Peptide; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glucagon; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Male; Niacinamide; Pregnenediones

1994
Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Incretin Hormones in Nondiabetic Men With Obesity.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2019, 11-01, Volume: 104, Issue:11

    Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Double-Blind Method; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Middle Aged; Niacinamide; Obesity; Pyridinium Compounds

2019

Other Studies

32 other study(ies) available for glucagon and niacinamide

ArticleYear
The effect of streptozotocin on the pancreatic A cell function.
    Endocrinologia japonica, 1979, Volume: 26, Issue:3

    Topics: Amides; Animals; Blood Glucose; Glucagon; Glucose Tolerance Test; Insulin; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Niacinamide; Picolinic Acids; Rats; Streptozocin

1979
[Biochemical studies on rats in the course of the induction of insulin-secreting islet cell tumors by streptozotocin (author's transl)].
    Nihon Naibunpi Gakkai zasshi, 1978, Nov-20, Volume: 54, Issue:11

    Topics: Adenoma, Islet Cell; Animals; Blood Glucose; Carcinogens; Glucagon; Glucose Tolerance Test; Insulin; Male; Neoplasms, Experimental; Niacinamide; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Rats; Streptozocin

1978
Effect of calcium antagonist on glucose-induced insulin and glucagon secretion in rats with insulin-secreting tumors induced by streptozotocin and nicotinamide.
    The Kobe journal of medical sciences, 1979, Volume: 25, Issue:2

    Topics: Adenoma, Islet Cell; Animals; Calcium; Diltiazem; Glucagon; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Test; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Male; Neoplasms, Experimental; Niacinamide; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Rats; Streptozocin

1979
Glucagon secretion during the development of insulin-secreting tumors induced by streptozotocin and nicotinamide.
    Endocrinologia japonica, 1979, Volume: 26, Issue:6

    Topics: Adenoma, Islet Cell; Animals; Blood Glucose; Glucagon; Glucose Tolerance Test; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Male; Neoplasms, Experimental; Niacinamide; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Rats; Streptozocin

1979
Effect of tolbutamide on aminophylline-, 3,5-AMP-dibutyrate- or glucagon-induced insulin release from pancreatic islets after impairment of pyridine nucleotide metabolism caused by 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN).
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 1975, Volume: 290, Issue:2-3

    Topics: 6-Aminonicotinamide; Aminophylline; Animals; Bucladesine; Female; Glucagon; Glucose; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Male; NAD; NADP; Niacinamide; Rats; Tolbutamide

1975
[Antidiabetic action of niamide].
    Orvosi hetilap, 1967, Volume: 108, Issue:37

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glucagon; Niacinamide; Rabbits

1967
The interaction of catecholamines and adrenal corticosteroids in the induction of phosphopyruvate carboxylase in rat liver and adipose tissue.
    The Biochemical journal, 1972, Volume: 127, Issue:5

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Carboxy-Lyases; Catecholamines; Cycloheximide; Dactinomycin; Enzyme Induction; Glucagon; Hydrocortisone; Liver; Male; Neutralization Tests; Niacinamide; Nicotinic Acids; Norepinephrine; Propranolol; Pyruvates; Rats

1972
Immunochemical identification of endocrine cell types in the streptozotocin nicotinamide-induced rat islet adenoma.
    Experimental and molecular pathology, 1982, Volume: 37, Issue:2

    Topics: Adenoma, Islet Cell; Animals; Glucagon; Histocytochemistry; Immunochemistry; Insulin; Insulinoma; Niacinamide; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Somatostatin; Streptozocin

1982
Studies in vivo and in vitro on chemically-induced primary islet cell tumours and non-tumour endocrine pancreatic tissue.
    Diabetologia, 1983, Volume: 24, Issue:1

    Topics: Adenoma, Islet Cell; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cells, Cultured; Glucagon; Glucose Tolerance Test; Insulin; Islets of Langerhans; Kinetics; Niacinamide; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Somatostatin; Streptozocin

1983
Enhancement of metabolic coronary vasodilatation by nicotinic acid or amide.
    Pharmacological research communications, 1984, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Vessels; Glucagon; Heart Rate; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Niacin; Niacinamide; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vasodilation

1984
7-Ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity as a convenient measure of liver drug metabolizing enzymes: regulation in cultured rat hepatocytes.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 1984, May-01, Volume: 33, Issue:9

    Topics: 7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase; Aminolevulinic Acid; Animals; Bucladesine; Cells, Cultured; Dexamethasone; Enzyme Induction; Glucagon; Heme; Insulin; Liver; Methylcholanthrene; Niacinamide; Oxygenases; Phenobarbital; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

1984
Nicotinamide is a potent inducer of endocrine differentiation in cultured human fetal pancreatic cells.
    The Journal of clinical investigation, 1993, Volume: 92, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Cell Differentiation; Culture Techniques; Gene Expression; Glucagon; Humans; Insulin; Islets of Langerhans; Niacinamide; Pancreas; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; RNA, Messenger; Somatostatin

1993
Regulation of proliferation and differentiation of human fetal pancreatic islet cells by extracellular matrix, hepatocyte growth factor, and cell-cell contact.
    Diabetes, 1996, Volume: 45, Issue:9

    Topics: Abortion, Induced; Animals; C-Peptide; Cell Aggregation; Cell Communication; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Extracellular Matrix; Female; Fetal Tissue Transplantation; Glucagon; Graft Survival; Hepatocyte Growth Factor; Humans; Insulin; Islets of Langerhans; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; Kinetics; Mice; Mice, Nude; Niacinamide; Pregnancy; Transcription, Genetic; Transplantation, Heterologous

1996
Pancreatic A-cell function in the partially pancreatectomized Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rat, a model of spontaneous non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1996, Volume: 45, Issue:11

    Topics: Animals; Arginine; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Glucagon; Insulin; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Niacinamide; Organ Size; Pancreatectomy; Rats

1996
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is a negative regulator of cellular differentiation.
    The Journal of cell biology, 1997, Jun-02, Volume: 137, Issue:5

    Topics: Androstadienes; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Chromones; DNA; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fetus; Glucagon; Hepatocyte Growth Factor; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Morpholines; Niacinamide; Pancreas; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); Somatostatin; Wortmannin

1997
Enhanced maturation of porcine neonatal pancreatic cell clusters with growth factors fails to improve transplantation outcome.
    Transplantation, 2001, Apr-27, Volume: 71, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cattle; Cell Culture Techniques; Culture Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucagon; Glucokinase; Glucose Transporter Type 2; Growth Substances; Humans; Insulin; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Islets of Langerhans; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; Niacinamide; Pancreas; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Recombinant Proteins; Somatostatin; Swine; Treatment Outcome

2001
Mild streptozotocin diabetes in the Göttingen minipig. A novel model of moderate insulin deficiency and diabetes.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2002, Volume: 282, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Arginine; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Disease Models, Animal; Fasting; Food; Glucagon; Glucose Tolerance Test; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Niacinamide; Streptozocin; Swine, Miniature; Time Factors

2002
In vitro trans-differentiation of adult hepatic stem cells into pancreatic endocrine hormone-producing cells.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2002, Jun-11, Volume: 99, Issue:12

    Topics: 2-Acetylaminofluorene; Animals; Base Sequence; Cell Differentiation; DNA Primers; Glucagon; Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.2; Insulin; Islets of Langerhans; Liver; Niacinamide; Pancreatic Polypeptide; Rats; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Stem Cells

2002
Effect of stimulators such as GLP-1, PACAP, and nicotinamide on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from porcine pancreatic endocrine cells in long-term culture.
    Pancreas, 2002, Volume: 25, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Cell Adhesion; Cell Separation; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucose; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Neuropeptides; Neurotransmitter Agents; Niacinamide; Peptide Fragments; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; Protein Precursors; Swine

2002
Functional maturation of fetal porcine beta-cells by glucagon-like peptide 1 and cholecystokinin.
    Endocrinology, 2002, Volume: 143, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cell Size; Cholecystokinin; Culture Techniques; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucose; Insulin; Islets of Langerhans; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; Niacinamide; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Swine; Time Factors

2002
Growth inhibitors promote differentiation of insulin-producing tissue from embryonic stem cells.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2002, Dec-10, Volume: 99, Issue:25

    Topics: Androstadienes; Animals; Biomarkers; Cell Aggregation; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Embryo, Mammalian; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glucagon; Growth Inhibitors; Homeostasis; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred NOD; Mice, SCID; Neoplasms, Experimental; Niacinamide; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells; Streptozocin; Weight Loss; Wortmannin

2002
THE EFFECTS OF COCL-2 ON GLUCAGON LEVELS IN PLASMA AND PANCREAS OF THE RAT.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1964, Volume: 13

    Topics: Blood; Blood Glucose; Cobalt; Glucagon; Niacin; Niacinamide; Pancreas; Pharmacology; Plasma; Rats; Research; Toxicology

1964
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT HORMONAL CONDITIONS ON THE CONCENTRATION AND OXIDOREDUCTION STATE OF THE NICOTINAMIDE NUCLEOTIDES OF RAT LIVER.
    The Biochemical journal, 1965, Volume: 95

    Topics: Adrenalectomy; Animals; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cortisone; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glucagon; Glucose; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Growth Hormone; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; NAD; NADP; Niacinamide; Nucleotides; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases; Pharmacology; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Rats; Research; Toxicology

1965
Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into insulin-producing clusters.
    Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio), 2004, Volume: 22, Issue:3

    Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Embryo, Mammalian; Glucagon; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Niacinamide; Somatostatin; Stem Cells

2004
Redox-mediated enrichment of self-renewing adult human pancreatic cells that possess endocrine differentiation potential.
    Pancreas, 2004, Volume: 29, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcysteine; Adenoviridae; Adult; Albumins; alpha-Amylases; C-Peptide; Cell Aggregation; Cell Differentiation; Cell Separation; Cells, Cultured; Chromones; Culture Media; Culture Media, Serum-Free; Exenatide; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Vectors; Glucagon; Homeodomain Proteins; Humans; Insulin; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Intracellular Fluid; Islets of Langerhans; Morpholines; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nestin; Niacinamide; Oxidation-Reduction; Peptides; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Somatostatin; Stem Cells; Trans-Activators; Transcription Factors; Venoms; Vimentin

2004
Reduction of beta cell mass: partial insulin secretory compensation from the residual beta cell population in the nicotinamide-streptozotocin Göttingen minipig after oral glucose in vivo and in the perfused pancreas.
    Diabetologia, 2004, Volume: 47, Issue:11

    Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fasting; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucose; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Kinetics; Male; Niacinamide; Pancreas; Peptide Fragments; Perfusion; Protein Precursors; Reference Values; Swine; Swine, Miniature

2004
Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) and exendin-4 on the vascular reactivity in streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats.
    Pharmacology, 2005, Volume: 74, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Exenatide; Female; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptides; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Niacinamide; Oxidative Stress; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Streptozocin; Vasodilator Agents; Venoms

2005
Sexual dimorphism in insulin sensitivity and susceptibility to develop diabetes in rats.
    The Journal of endocrinology, 2006, Volume: 190, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Glucagon; Glucose Tolerance Test; Immunohistochemistry; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Microscopy, Confocal; Niacinamide; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sex Characteristics

2006
Efficient differentiation of AR42J cells towards insulin-producing cells using pancreatic transcription factors in combination with growth factors.
    Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 2012, Jul-06, Volume: 358, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Betacellulin; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Glucagon; Homeodomain Proteins; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Lectins, C-Type; Membrane Glycoproteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Niacinamide; Paired Box Transcription Factors; Pancreas; Rats; Trans-Activators

2012
Metabolic disturbances and defects in insulin secretion in rats with streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes.
    Physiological research, 2013, Volume: 62, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Disease Models, Animal; Glucagon; Glucose; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Male; Niacinamide; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Severity of Illness Index; Streptozocin

2013
Transdifferentiation of both intra- and extra-islet cells into beta cells in nicotinamide treated neonatal diabetic rats: An in situ hybridization and double immunohistochemical study.
    Acta histochemica, 2020, Volume: 122, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Transdifferentiation; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glucagon; In Situ Hybridization; Insulin; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Islets of Langerhans; Niacinamide; Pancreas; Rats, Wistar; Streptozocin

2020
GABA and insulin but not nicotinamide augment α- to β-cell transdifferentiation in insulin-deficient diabetic mice.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 2022, Volume: 199

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Transdifferentiation; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucagon; Glucagon-Secreting Cells; Insulin; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Mice; Niacinamide; Streptozocin

2022