gingerol and carbendazim

This study evaluated the protective effects of 6-gingerol-rich fraction (6-GRF) from Zingiber officinale on carbendazim (CBZ)-induced reproductive toxicity in rats. Adult male rats were treated with either CBZ (50 mg/kg) alone or in combination with 6-GRF (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis revealed that 6-GRF consists of ten bioactive chemical components with 6-gingerol being the most abundant (30.76%). Administration of 6-GRF significantly (p < .05) prevented CBZ-mediated increase in absolute and relative testes weights as well as restored the sperm quantity and quality in the treated rats to near control. In testes and epididymis, 6-GRF significantly abolished CBZ-mediated increase in oxidative damage as well as augmented antioxidant enzymes activities and glutathione level in the treated rats. Moreover, CBZ administration alone significantly decreased plasma levels of testosterone, thyrotropin, triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine, whereas follicle-stimulating hormone was significantly elevated without affecting luteinising hormone and prolactin levels when compared with the control. Conversely, 6-GRF ameliorated the disruption in the hormonal levels and restored their levels to near normalcy in CBZ-treated rats. Collectively, 6-GRF inhibited the adverse effects of CBZ on the antioxidant defence systems, hormonal balance and histology of the testes and epididymis in rats.

Topics: Animals; Benzimidazoles; Carbamates; Catalase; Catechols; Endocrine Disruptors; Epididymis; Fatty Alcohols; Glutathione; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Organ Size; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility; Superoxide Dismutase; Testis; Weight Gain; Zingiber officinale

Previous investigations demonstrated that 6-gingerol-rich fraction (6-GRF) prevented testicular toxicity via inhibition of oxidative stress and endocrine disruption in CBZ-treated rats. The influence of 6-GRF on alterations in histomorphometry and marker enzymes of testicular function in CBZ-treated rats which hitherto has not been reported was investigated in this study. The animals were orally administered either CBZ (50 mg/kg) alone or in combination with 6-GRF (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days. Histomorphormetric analysis demonstrated that 6-GRF significantly prevented CBZ-mediated increase in the organo-somatic index of the testes and seminiferous tubular diameter as well as the reduction in epithelium height and tubular length of testes in the rats. Similarly, 6-GRF ameliorated CBZ-induced disruption in the epithelium height as well as in the proportion of tubule and interstitium of the epididymis the treated rats. Furthermore, 6-GRF prevented CBZ-mediated increase in testicular acid phosphatase activity and the decrease in testicular alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Moreover, 6-GRF ameliorated CBZ-induced reduction in the testicular and epididymal sperm count and sperm motility in the treated rats. Conclusively, 6-GRF enhances key functional enzymes involve in spermatogenesis and maintains histo-architecture of testes and epididymis in CBZ-treated rats.

Topics: Animals; Benzimidazoles; Carbamates; Catechols; Fatty Alcohols; Male; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility; Spermatogenesis; Spermatozoa; Testis

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a globally marketed flavoring agent and cooking spice with a long history of human health benefits. The fungicide carbendazim (CBZ) is often detected in fruits and vegetables for human nutrition and has been reported to elicit toxic effects in different experimental animal models. The present study investigated the protective effects of 6-Gingerol-rich fraction (6-GRF) from ginger on hematotoxicity and hepatorenal damage in rats exposed to CBZ. CBZ was administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg alone or simultaneously administered with 6-GRF at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, whereas control rats received corn oil alone at 2 mL/kg for 14 days. Hematological examination showed that CBZ-mediated toxicity to the total white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets counts were normalized to the control values in rats cotreated with 6-GRF. Moreover, administration of CBZ significantly decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase as well as glutathione level in the livers and kidneys of rats compared with control. However, the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde were markedly elevated in kidneys and livers of CBZ-treated rats compared with control. The significant elevation in the plasma indices of renal and hepatic dysfunction in CBZ-treated rats was confirmed by light microscopy. Coadministration of 6-GRF exhibited chemoprotection against CBZ-mediated hematotoxicity, augmented antioxidant status, and prevented oxidative damage in the kidney and liver of rats.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Antioxidants; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Benzimidazoles; Bilirubin; Carbamates; Catalase; Catechols; Creatinine; Endpoint Determination; Fatty Alcohols; gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase; Glutathione; Hydrogen Peroxide; Kidney; Liver; Male; Malondialdehyde; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Superoxide Dismutase; Zingiber officinale