germacrene-d and humulene

To gain insight into the differences in the composition and volatile components content in ancient

Topics: Plant Leaves; Solid Phase Microextraction; Thuja; Trees; Volatile Organic Compounds

The chemical composition of the essential oil of

Topics: Biphenyl Compounds; Free Radical Scavengers; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Malaysia; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Myristicaceae; Oils, Volatile; Picrates; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane

Zornia brasiliensis, popularly known as "urinária", "urinana", and "carrapicho", is a medicinal plant used in Brazilian northeast folk medicine as a diuretic and against venereal diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and antitumor potential of the leaf essential oil of Z. brasiliensis. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. Its composition was characterized by the presence of trans-nerolidol, germacrene D, trans-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and farnesene as major constituents. In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil and some of its major constituents (trans-nerolidol, trans-caryophyllene, and α-humulene) was evaluated for tumor cell lines from different histotypes using the Alamar blue assay. The essential oil, but not the constituents tested, presented promising cytotoxicity. Furthermore, mice inoculated with B16-F10 mouse melanoma were used to confirm its in vivo effectiveness. An in vivo antitumor study showed tumor growth inhibition rates of 1.68-38.61 % (50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively). In conclusion, the leaf essential oil of Z. brasiliensis presents trans-nerolidol, germacrene D, trans-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and farnesene as major constituents and is able to inhibit cell proliferation in cultures as well as in tumor growth in mice.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Cell Proliferation; Fabaceae; Male; Melanoma, Experimental; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Oils; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane

This work aimed to investigate chemical composition of essential oils obtained from Zanthoxylum dissitum leaves and roots and their insecticidal activities against several stored product pests, namely the cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne), red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and black carpet beetle (Attagenus piceus). The analysis by GC-MS of the essential oils allowed the identification of 28 and 22 components, respectively. It was found that sesquiterpenoids comprised a fairly high portion of the two essential oils, with percentages of 74.0% and 80.9% in the leaves and roots, respectively. The main constituents identified in the essential oil of Z. dissitum leaves were δ-cadinol (12.8%), caryophyllene (12.7%), β-cubebene (7.9%), 4-terpineol (7.5%) and germacrene D-4-ol (5.7%), while humulene epoxide II (29.4%), caryophyllene oxide (24.0%), diepicedrene-1-oxide (10.7%) and Z,Z,Z-1,5,9,9-tetramethyl-1,4,7-cycloundecatriene (8.7%) were the major components in the essential oil of Z. dissitum roots. The insecticidal activity results indicated that the essential oil of Z. dissitum roots exhibited moderate contact toxicity against three species of storage pests, L. serricorne,T. castaneum and A. piceus, with LD50 values of 13.8, 43.7 and 96.8 µg/adult, respectively.

Topics: Animals; Coleoptera; Insect Repellents; Insecticides; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane; Terpenes; Zanthoxylum

The chemical constituents of essential oils from the leaf, stem bark and resins of Canarium parvum Leen., and Canarium tramdenanum Dai et Yakovl. (Burseracea) grown in Vietnam are being reported. The hydrodistilled oils were analysed for their chemical constituents by means of gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The main compounds of C. parvum were β-caryophyllene (18.7%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.9%), (Z)-β-ocimene (11.9%), germacrene D (8.8%) and α-humulene (8.4%) in the leaf; β-caryophyllene (30.4%), α-copaene (20.5%) and (E)-β-ocimene (7.7%) in the stem. However, germacrene D (23.2%), α-amorphene (14.9%), α-copaene (9.8%) and β-elemene (8.6%) were present in the resin. The leaf of C. tramdenanum comprises β-caryophyllene (16.8%), α-phellandrene (15.9%), γ-elemene (13.1%) and limonene (11.8%), while limonene (25.7%), α-phellandrene (21.7%), α-pinene (12.3%) and β-caryophyllene (10.9%) were present in the stem. However, δ-elemene (14.6%) and bulnesol (16.0%) are the main constituents in the resin.

Topics: Acyclic Monoterpenes; Alkenes; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Burseraceae; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Cyclohexenes; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Limonene; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Plant Oils; Plant Stems; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane; Terpenes; Vietnam

The stem-derived essential oil of Aglaia odorata Lour. was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type system. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the oil revealed the identification of 39 compounds, representing 76.4% of the oil; germacrene D (20.3%), α-humulene (17.1%), α-himachalene (12.7%) and β-caryophyllene (10.2%) were the major components. Ar-turmerone (1) and eichlerialactone (2) were isolated from the stem oil and ethanolic stem extract of this plant species, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of the oil and ethanol extract were tested against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains including Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, as well as three rice fungal pathogens Bipolaris oryzae, Pyricularia oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani using broth microdilution method. The oil and 1 exhibited significant antifungal activity against the three rice pathogens tested, whereas 2 exhibited good antibacterial activity against both the Gram-positive pathogens tested.

Topics: Aglaia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Ketones; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Oryza; Plant Stems; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane; Staphylococcus aureus; Stereoisomerism

The volatile constituents in the flowers of Aglaia odorata were extracted by supercritical CO2 fluid under 25 MPa and 40 degrees C for 80 min. The oil yield was 2.64%. These volatile constituents were separated and identified by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Experiments were performed on an Agilent 6890 GC Chromatograph with Agilent 5973N Mass Selective Detector. The GC separation conditions was carried out on an HP-5MS capillary column (60 m x 250 microm, 0.25 microm); oven temperature, 50 degrees C (held for 2 min) to 280 degrees C at a rate of 5 degrees C/min, and held for 8 min; split ratio, 1 : 10; injector temperature, 270 degrees C. Mass spectra were collected in the scan range of m/z 50 - 550. The measurements were performed with electron bombardment ion (EI) source with electron energy of 70 eV and electron multiplier voltage of 1.65 kV. The results showed that 54 peaks were separated and 48 compounds were identified for the essential oil extracted from Aglaia odorata L. There were 18 terpenes, 12 esters and other constituents in the volatile oil fraction. The constituents in the oil fraction were alpha-humulene, followed by ethyl linolenate, germacrene D, beta-elemene, copaene, caryophyllene, methyl jasmonate, beta-humulene-7-ol, ethyl palmitate, etc.

Topics: Acetates; Aglaia; Cyclopentanes; Flowers; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Linolenic Acids; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Oxylipins; Palmitic Acids; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane; Temperature

The essential oils of Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. (Japanese name, Yabujirami) of the family Umbelliferae were prepared from fresh whole herbs and fruits, and investigated by using gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses. The fruits of this plant had been used as a substitute in Japan for a Chinese crude drug Zya-syo-si: Cnidii Monnieri Fructus. Fifty three components were positively identified in the essential oils. The main components of the essential oil were germacrene-D (57.9-71.8% in the oil), alpha-humulene (2.4-13.2%), bicyclogermacrene (1.9-5.4%), beta-caryophyllene (1.5-4.6%), and delta-cadinene (1.0-1.9%).

Topics: Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plants, Medicinal; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane