germacrene-d and elemene

This work evaluated the volatile composition, antioxidant and antiprotozoal activities of the essential oil obtained from leaves of

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Antioxidants; Antiprotozoal Agents; Cell Line; Eugenia; Leishmania; Mice; Nitric Oxide; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane; Superoxides; Trypanosoma cruzi

It is known that the first osmotic phase affects the growth rates of roots immediately upon addition of salt; thus, dissecting metabolites profiling provides an opportunity to throw light into the basis of plant tolerance by searching for altered signatures that may be associated with tolerance at this organ. This study examined the influence of salt treatment on fatty acid composition and chemical composition of the essential oil of

Topics: Aldehydes; Citrus; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Lipidomics; Oils, Volatile; Plant Roots; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane; Sodium Chloride

Polyalthia is one of the largest genera in the Annonaceae family, and has been widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatic fever, gastrointestinal ulcer, and generalized body pain. The present investigation reports on the extraction by hydrodistillation and the composition of the essential oils of four Polyalthia species (P. sumatrana, P. stenopetalla, P. cauliflora, and P. rumphii) growing in Malaysia. The chemical composition of these essential oils was determined by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The multivariate analysis was determined using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) methods. The results revealed that the studied essential oils are made up principally of bicyclogermacrene (18.8%), cis-calamenene (14.6%) and β-elemene (11.9%) for P. sumatrana; α-cadinol (13.0%) and δ-cadinene (10.2%) for P. stenopetalla; δ-elemene (38.1%) and β-cubebene (33.1%) for P. cauliflora; and finally germacrene D (33.3%) and bicyclogermacrene for P. rumphii. PCA score and HCA plots revealed that the essential oils were classified into three separated clusters of P. cauliflora (Cluster I), P. sumatrana (Cluster II), and P. stenopetalla, and P. rumphii (Cluster III) based on their characteristic chemical compositions. Our findings demonstrate that the essential oil could be useful for the characterization, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic applications of Polyalthia essential oil.

Topics: Cluster Analysis; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Medicine, Traditional; Oils, Volatile; Polyalthia; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Principal Component Analysis; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane; Species Specificity; Terpenes

GC/FID and GC-MS analysis revealed germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, α-cadinol and cubenol as major compounds from aril. Germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, trans-caryophyllene and δ-elemene are major compounds in fruits. Germacrene D, spathulenol, trans-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide are major compounds in leaves. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed distinct groups between the composition of essential oils from aril and fruit, when compared with terpene production found in leaves. Lipid composition found in arils could be protected by the presence of non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes, as germacrene D and bicyclogermacrene. Chemical profiles of essential oils from the fruits, arils and leaves of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. revealed different compositions, which could be related to environmental pressures. Thereby, non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes can also work against herbivory, pathogens and predator's attack, emphasising the importance of further studies among terpenes, ecology interactions and plant physiology.

Topics: Fabaceae; Fruit; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Plant Oils; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane; Terpenes

The chemical constituents of essential oils from the leaf, stem bark and resins of Canarium parvum Leen., and Canarium tramdenanum Dai et Yakovl. (Burseracea) grown in Vietnam are being reported. The hydrodistilled oils were analysed for their chemical constituents by means of gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The main compounds of C. parvum were β-caryophyllene (18.7%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.9%), (Z)-β-ocimene (11.9%), germacrene D (8.8%) and α-humulene (8.4%) in the leaf; β-caryophyllene (30.4%), α-copaene (20.5%) and (E)-β-ocimene (7.7%) in the stem. However, germacrene D (23.2%), α-amorphene (14.9%), α-copaene (9.8%) and β-elemene (8.6%) were present in the resin. The leaf of C. tramdenanum comprises β-caryophyllene (16.8%), α-phellandrene (15.9%), γ-elemene (13.1%) and limonene (11.8%), while limonene (25.7%), α-phellandrene (21.7%), α-pinene (12.3%) and β-caryophyllene (10.9%) were present in the stem. However, δ-elemene (14.6%) and bulnesol (16.0%) are the main constituents in the resin.

Topics: Acyclic Monoterpenes; Alkenes; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Burseraceae; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Cyclohexenes; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Limonene; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Plant Oils; Plant Stems; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane; Terpenes; Vietnam

In this paper, GC-MS and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was developed for identification and quantitative determination/estimation 11 sesquiterpenes including germacrene D, curzerene, gamma-elemene, furanodienone, curcumol, isocurcumenol, furanodiene, germacrone, curdione, curcumenol and neocurdione in Ezhu which are derived from three species of Curcuma, i.e., Curcuma phaeocaulis, Curcuma wenyujin and Curcuma kwangsiensis by using an analogue as standard. The results showed the methodology could quantitatively compare the quality of three species of Curcuma. The contents of investigated sesquiterpenes in three species of Curcuma were high variant. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on characteristics of 11 identified peaks in GC profiles showed that 18 samples were divided into two main clusters, C. phaeocaulis and C. wenyujin, respectively. C. kwangsiensis showed the characters closed to C. phaeocaulis or C. wenyujin based on its location. Five components such as furanodienone, germacrone, curdione, curcumenol and neocurdione were optimized as markers for quality control of Ezhu.

Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chromatography; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Liquid; Curcuma; Drug Industry; Furans; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Chemical; Phylogeny; Quality Control; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane