germacrene-d and beta-farnesene

Topics: Antiviral Agents; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Binding Sites; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; Egypt; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Molecular Docking Simulation; Oils, Volatile; Phlomis; Plant Extracts; Plant Oils; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane

Plant defensive mimicry based on the aphid alarm pheromone (E)-β-farnesene (EβF) was previously shown to operate in Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Asteraceae) flowers. Germacrene D (GD), is another dominant volatile of T. cinerariifolium flowers and may modulate both defense and pollination. Here, we find that the increase in GD/EβF ratio at later developmental stages is correlated with the tissue distribution in the flower head: the total content of EβF and GD is similar, but GD accumulates comparatively more in the upper disk florets. Naphthol and N, N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (NADI)-stained purple ducts containing EβF and GD, were observed in the five petal lips of the corolla and two-lobed stigma of disk florets. By contrast in the peduncle, EβF accounts for nearly 80% of total terpenes, compared to 5% for GD. EβF is accumulated inside inner cortex cells and parenchyma cells of the pith in young peduncle. This is followed by the formation of terpene-filled axial secretory cavities parallel to the vascular bundles. In conclusion, the observed developmental and diurnal emissions of different EβF/GD ratios appear to be regulated by their tissue distribution.

Topics: Animals; Aphids; Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium; Flowers; Organ Specificity; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane

The chemical composition of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Anacyclus monanthos subsp. cyrtolepidioides (Pomel) Humphries (Asteraceae) growing in a semi-arid region of Algeria was investigated for the first time. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and fully characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 97 compounds were identified. The essential oil was found to be rich in trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (9.8 ± 2.0%), (E)-β-farnesene (7.4 ± 1.5%), germacrene D (6.9 ± 1.3%) and myristicin (4.8 ± 0.8%).

Topics: Algeria; Allylbenzene Derivatives; Asteraceae; Benzyl Compounds; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Dioxolanes; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Components, Aerial; Pyrogallol; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane

The chemical composition of essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Ajuga comata Stapf. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-seven components were identified in the oil. (E)-β-caryophyllene (30.9%), caryophyllene oxide (24.9%), (E)-β-farnesene (12.6%), β-eudesmol (3.2%), δ-cadinene (3.1%) and germacrene D (3.0%) were the main compounds in the EOs. The chemical composition of A. comata Stapf. from the Southern Zagros of Iran is reported for the first time.

Topics: Ajuga; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Iran; Oils, Volatile; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane

The essential oil from the flowering aerial parts of Bupleurum hamiltonii Balak syn. Bupleurum tenue family Apiaceae (Umbellifereae) was obtained by steam distillation and analysed by a combination of GC (RI) and GC-MS. The chemical composition of the isolated oil is reported here for the first time. Twenty-seven compounds were identified, which represent 92.7% of the total oil. The chemical composition of the isolated oil was characterised by a high proportion of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (61.9%), among which germacrene-D (17.8%), trans-β-farnesene (14.7%) and β-caryophyllene (13.1%) were the predominant compounds. The monoterpene hydrocarbons (16.6%) represented the second major fraction of the same oil followed by the oxygenated sesquiterpenes (7.9%).

Topics: Bupleurum; India; Oils, Volatile; Plant Components, Aerial; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane