gamma-sitosterol and ferulic-acid

This study uses a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method to determine β-Sitosterol and Ferulic acid in Pygeum africanum extract. Chromatographic separation of the two analytes was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC H-Class system coupled with Xevo TQD mass spectrometer and HSS T3 C18 column (2.1 X 50 mm, 1.8 μm). Mobile phase A consisted of an aqueous solution of 0.1% formic acid (v/v), and mobile phase B was 0.1% formic acid (v/v) in methanol pumped through a gradient elution mode. Mass spectrometer parameters were optimized using an electrospray ionization source in the positive and negative ionization modes. The quantification of the two analytes was performed using multiple reaction monitoring transitions. The method was fully validated per (FDA) guidelines regarding linearity, accuracy, precision, carryover and selectivity. The proposed method was applied successfully to determine the two investigated compounds in commercially available pharmaceutical products.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Prunus africana; Reproducibility of Results; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Dyslipidemia, steatohepatitis and insulin resistance are among the components of metabolic syndrome (MS). Nutraceuticals containing chitosan, beta-sitosterol and/or ferulic acid and their nanostructures could have a potential role for management of MS. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of the aforementioned nutraceuticals in treatment of MS in rat and their interaction with atorvastatin, a hypolipidemic drug. The two nutraceuticals and their nanostructures were prepared and the nanostructures were assessed by transmission electron microscope and Fourier-Transform Infra-red Spectrometry. MS was induced in rats by feeding high fructose-high fat diet (HFFD). Different groups of rats fed HFFD and treated with the different nutraceuticals, atorvastatin and atorvastatin in combination with different nutraceuticals, control fed on balanced diet and control consumed HFFD without treatments were run. Plasma glucose, lipid profile, aminotransferases activity, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, urea, creatinine, insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and adiponectin were assessed along with calculation of insulin resistance. Liver fat and histopathology were investigated. All nutraceuticals in original and nanostructures showed beneficial effects in the treatment of MS, superiority was ascribed to nutraceuticals composed of chitosan and ferulic acid in both forms. A more promising treatment of MS belonged to atorvastatin administered with the different nutraceuticals.

Topics: Animals; Atorvastatin; Chitosan; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Fructose; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Syndrome; Rats

To identify the active constituents, core targets, immunomodulatory functions and potential mechanisms of Dizhi pill (DZP) in the treatment of myopia. The active constituents and drug targets of DZP were searched in the TCMSP, Herb databases and correlational studies. The targets of myopia were searched in the TTD, Genecards, OMIM and Drugbank databases. Gene expression profile data of GSE136701 were downloaded from the GEO database and subjected to WGCNA and DEG analysis to screen for significant modules and targets of myopia. Intersectional targets of myopia and DZP and core targets of myopia were analyzed through the String database. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the interested targets were conducted. Cibersort algorithm was used for immune infiltration analysis to investigate the immunomodulatory functions of DZP on myopia. Autodock was used to dock the important targets and active constituents. Eight targets (STAT3, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, MAPK1, MAPK3, HSP90AA1, MIP, and LGSN) and 5 active constituents (Quercetin, Beta-sitosterol, Diincarvilone A, Ferulic acid methyl ester, and Naringenin) were identified from DZP. In pathways identified by the GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, "ATP metabolic process" and "AGE-RAGE diabetes complication signaling" pathways were closely related to the mechanisms of DZP in the treatment of myopia. Molecular docking showed that both the intersectional targets and core targets of myopia could bind stably and spontaneously with the active constituents of DZP. This study suggested that the mechanisms of DZP in the treatment of myopia were related to active constituents: Quercetin, Beta-sitosterol, Diincarvilone A, Ferulic acid methyl ester and Naringenin, intersectional targets: STAT3, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, MAPK1, MAPK3, and HSP90AA1, core targets of myopia: MIP and LGSN, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, positive regulation of ATP metabolic process pathway and immunomodulatory functions.

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Computational Biology; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Molecular Docking Simulation; Myopia; Quercetin; Transcription Factors

Phenolic acids and phytosterols, the main functional compounds in cereals, could promote wellbeing and reduce the risks of diet-related diseases. This study aimed to demonstrate phenolic acid and phytosterol profiles in rice grains and wheat flours, and estimate their intakes in five geographical regions and among different age groups. Phenolic acids and phytosterols mainly existed in bound form, and the whole rice grain had high amount of 161.39 to 368.74 µg/g and 37.50 to 93.31 mg/ 100 g, respectively. In total, nine phenolic acids and six phytosterols were detected with ferulic and p-coumaric acid, and β-sitosterol the most abundant. The dietary intakes of phenolic acids and phytosterols were calculated combined with the dietary foods intake data of Chinese people. The intakes of total phenolic acids and phytosterols from rice grains and wheat flours varied across different regions with Beijing the highest among the five regions. At the age of 2 to 70 years, the average intakes of phenolic acids and phytosterols from rice and wheat flours were 7.74 to 17.52 and 58.02 to 135.61 mg/sp/day, respectively. If 3-ounce of polished rice was replaced by black rice grain, the predicted intakes of total phenolic acids and phytosterols from rice grains and wheat flours would increase by at least 196% and 68%, respectively, especially for free phenolic acids and phytosterols. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study would help the consumers know how much phenolic acids and phytosterols they would get from 3 ounces of black rice in a reasonable intake of staple food but shift away other kinds of foods. It could also provide inspirations for food industries to explore the functional cereal foods that are rich in phenolic acids and phytosterols for different regions and different age groups.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Beijing; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Coumaric Acids; Diet; Edible Grain; Flour; Humans; Hydroxybenzoates; Middle Aged; Oryza; Phytosterols; Sitosterols; Triticum; Whole Grains

To study the non-alkaloid chemical constituents of Macleaya cordata.. Alcohol extraction and liquidliquid partitionmethods were used to extract the chemical constituents. Silica gel,reverse-phase octadecylsilyl( ODS), and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographic methods were applied for isolation and purification. Spectroscopic methods including MS and NMR were used to determine their structures.. Eleven non-alkaloid compounds were isolated from the fruits of Macleaya cordata, and their structures were identified as 3-( 3,4-dihydroxy) phenylpropanoic acid methyl ester( 1),ferulic acid( 2),1-octacosanol( 3),syringic acid( 4),p-hydroxy-benzoic acid( 5),p-coumaric acid( 6),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside( 7),N-p-coumaroyl tyramine( 8),10-eicosenoic acid( 9) and β-sitosterol( 10) and daucosterol( 11).. Compounds 1,3 ~9 are isolated from Macleaya cordata for the first time.

Topics: Alkaloids; Coumaric Acids; Gallic Acid; Glucosides; Papaveraceae; Quercetin; Sitosterols; Tyramine

S. sylvestre Wright is an extremely rare plant, found only in the sub-Himalayan Terai region of West Bengal and neighboring Sikkim foot-hills. The plant has never been evaluated for any pharmaceutical properties. The phytochemical status of the plant is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities and analysis of bioactive compounds present in S. sylvestre.. S. sylvestre methanolic extract (SSME) was evaluated for different free radical scavenging activities such as hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, singlet oxygen, hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite, superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging etc. Iron chelating capacity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation were studied in addition to the assessment of haemolytic activity and erythrocyte membrane stabilizing activity (EMSA). Chemical characterization of SSME were performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).. The results indicate that SSME possess potent antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 113.06 ± 5.67 μg/ml, 63.93 ± 4.16 μg/ml and 142.14 ± 6.13 μg/ml for hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical and hypochlorous acid, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed presence of different phenolic secondary metabolites such as gallic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, myricetin, quercetin etc. GC-MS analysis displayed the predominance of γ-sitosterol, vitamin E and squalene in SSME.. The present study provides a convincing evidence that S. sylvestre not only possess potent antioxidant activity but also can be used as a source of natural bioactive phytochemicals in the future.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Apocynaceae; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Endangered Species; Flavonoids; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Iron Chelating Agents; Lipid Peroxidation; Mice; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Propionates; Sikkim; Sitosterols; Squalene; Vitamin E

To study the chemical constituents of fermented Antrodia camphorata powder.. 15 compounds were isolated from Antrodia camphorata by Silica gel column chromatography, ODS column chromatography, gel column chromatography, preparative liquid phase chromatography separation technique, as well as recrystallization.. On the basis of their physical and chemical properties and spectral data,their structures were identified as Ferulic acid (1), Inositol (2), β-Sitosterol (3),Vanillin (4),Vanillic acid (5), Butyric acid (6), Daucosterol (7), p-Hydroxycinnamic acid (8), Lauric acid (9), Inosine (10), Uridine (11), Adenine (12), D(+)-Sucrose (13), Arachidic acid (14) and Guanosine (15).. Compounds 1, 5, 6 and 8-15 are isolated from fermented powder for the first time.

Topics: Antrodia; Chromatography, Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Fermentation; Phytochemicals; Plants, Medicinal; Powders; Propionates; Sitosterols; Vanillic Acid

To investigate the chemical constituents of peanut hull.. Several chromatography methods such as silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 combined with recrystallization were applied to isolate the compounds. Based on spectrum technologies (MS,1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) and physico-chemical methods, structures of isolated compounds were identified.. Twelve compounds were isolated and elucidated as luteolin (1), diosmetin (2), 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-8-prenyflavone (3),5,7,3'-trihydroxy-4'- methoxy-8-prenylflavone(4), eriodicrtyol (5), racemoflavone (6), hydnocarpin (7), 5,7-dihydroxy chromone (8), 5-hydroxy-chromone- 7-O-β-D-glucoside (9), ferulic acid (10), β-sitosterol (11) and daucosterol(12).. Except compounds 1, 5 and 8, all compounds are obtained from peanut hull for the first time.

Topics: Arachis; Coumaric Acids; Flavonoids; Luteolin; Phytochemicals; Seeds; Sitosterols

Prunus africana--an evergreen tree found in Afromontane forests--is used in traditional medicine to cure benign prostate hyperplasia. Different bioactive constituents derived from bark extracts from 20 tree populations sampled throughout the species' natural range in Africa were studied by means of GC-MSD. The average concentration [mg/kgw/w] in increasing order was: lauric acid (18), myristic acid (22), n-docosanol (25), ferulic acid (49), β-sitostenone (198), β-sitosterol (490), and ursolic acid (743). The concentrations of many bark constituents were significantly correlated and concentration of n-docosanol was highly significantly correlated with all other analytes. Estimates of variance components revealed the highest variation among populations for ursolic acid (66%) and the lowest for β-sitosterol (20%). In general, environmental parameters recorded (temperature, precipitation, altitude) for the samples sites were not correlated with the concentration of most constituents; however, concentration of ferulic acid was significantly correlated with annual precipitation. Because the concentration of compounds in bark extracts may be affected by tree size, the diameter of sampled plants at 1.3m tree height (as proxy of age) was recorded. The only relationship with tree diameter was a negative correlation with ursolic acid. Under the assumption that genetically less variable populations have less variable concentrations of bark compounds, correlations between variation parameters of the concentration and the respective genetic composition based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers were assessed. Only variation of β-sitosterol concentration was significantly correlated with haplotypic diversity. The fixation index (F(IS)) was positively correlated with the variation in concentration of ferulic acid. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) indicated a weak geographic pattern. Mantel tests, however, revealed associations between the geographic patterns of bioactive constituents and the phylogenetic relationship among the populations sampled. This suggests an independent evolution of bark metabolism within different phylogeographical lineages, and the molecular phylogeographic pattern is partly reflected in the variation in concentration of bark constituents. The results have important implications for the design of strategies for the sustainable use and conservation of this important African tree species.

Topics: Africa; Coumaric Acids; DNA, Chloroplast; DNA, Ribosomal; Fatty Alcohols; Genetic Markers; Lauric Acids; Myristic Acid; Plant Extracts; Principal Component Analysis; Prunus africana; Sitosterols; Temperature; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To study the chemical constituents from Astilbe myriantha.. The constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography methods and recrystallization. Their structures were identified on the basis of physiochemical properties and special analysis.. Ten compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol extract of Astilbe myriantha and their structures were identified as: beta-sitosterol (1), methyl p-hydroxy benzoate (2), ferulic acid (3), bergenin (4), gallic acid (5), (+)-catechin (6), 3beta-acetoxy-6beta-hydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid (7), 3beta-hydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid (8),3beta,6beta-dihydrolean-12-en-27-oic acid (9) and 3beta-hydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic acid (10).. Compounds 1-7 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Benzopyrans; Coumaric Acids; Ethanol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Plant Extracts; Rhizome; Saxifragaceae; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

To isolate and identify chemical constituents from Phellodendron chinense.. Chemical constituents were isolated by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by spectral means.. Ten compounds were isolated and identified as berberine (1), caffeic acid ethyl ester (2), iso-vanillin (3), ferulic acid (4), (+/-)-5,5'-dimethoxylariciresinol (5), Methyl beta-orsellinate (6), gamma-fagirine (7), (+/-)-Lyoniresinol (8), beta-sitosterol (9), stigmasterine (10).. Compounds 2-6 are isolated and identified from this genus for the first time.

Topics: Berberine; Caffeic Acids; Coumaric Acids; Phellodendron; Plant Bark; Plants, Medicinal; Resorcinols; Sitosterols

Patrinia villosa (Thunb. ) Juss. is a Chinese folk medicine, in order to find the material basis that were related to anti-inflammation pharmacodynamic action, we investigated for chemical constituents by chemical and spectroscopic analysis. By phytochemical research, 9 compounds were isolated from the acetic acid ethyl ester & N-Butanol of P. villosa and identified 7 compounds (beta-sitosterol, Villosol, Quercetin, Ferulic acid, Ursolic acid, beta-daucosterol, Rutin), and three compounds (Ferulic acid, Ursolic acid and Rutin) are firstly obtained from P. villosa.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Coumaric Acids; Lactones; Molecular Structure; Patrinia; Plants, Medicinal; Quercetin; Rutin; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To study the chemical constituents of the radix and rhizome of Peucedanum delavayi.. The chemical constituents had been separated by manifold chromato-graphy methods, and their structures were determined by spectral analysis.. Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as Umbelliferone(I), Coumurayin(II), Mexoticin(III), Marmesin (IV), Ammijin(V), Delton (VI), Selinidin(VII), Anomalin(VII), Isopteryxin(IX), Ferulic acid(X), Falcarindiol(XI), Stearic acid(XII), beta-sitosterol(X III), Daucosterol(XIV) and d-Mannitol(XV).. All these compounds are isolated from Peucedanum delavayi for the first time.

Topics: Apiaceae; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; Coumaric Acids; Coumarins; Plant Roots; Plant Stems; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Umbelliferones

To study the chemical constituents in roots of Caragana microphylla.. The constituents were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, and their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods and chemical evidence.. Eight compounds were identified as beta-sitosterol (1), pseudobaptigenin (2), pentacosanylferulates (3), heptadecanylferulates (4), ferulic acid (5), daucosterol (6), trifolirhizin (7), ononin (8) respectively.. Compounds 1, 3-7 were obtained from the plant for the first time, and 3, 4, 5 and 7 were obtained from the genus Caragana for the first time.

Topics: Caragana; Coumaric Acids; Glucosides; Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents in the whole herb of Anoectochiluts roxburghii (Wall) Lindl.. The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and structurally elucidated by IR, NMR and MS evidences.. Fourteen compounds were obtained and there into ten were identified as beta-sitosterol(2), ferulic acid(3), oleanolic acid(6), lanosterol(7), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(8), 3-methoxyl-p-hydroxybenzaldehlde(9), daucosterol(10),3',4',7-trimethoxy-3, 5-dihydroxyflavone(11), isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-rutinoside(12) and rutin(13).. Compounds 6,7,9 and 11 from genera Anoeetochilus were isolated for the first time.

Topics: Coumaric Acids; Flavones; Lanosterol; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Orchidaceae; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

To study the chemical constituents of Taxillus sutchuenenisis (Lecomte) Danser.. Chromatography and spectrum analysis were employed to isolated and elucidate the chemical constituents in the plant.. 9 compounds were isolated and identified as quercetin (I), quervetin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside (II), isoquercitrin (III), quercitrin (IV), rutin (V), gallic acid (VI), ferulic acid (VII), beta-sitosterol (VIII), daucosterol (IX), respectively.. Compounds III-IX are isolated from this plant for the first time. The work provide evidence for the exploitation and utilization of this plant resouce.

Topics: Coumaric Acids; Gallic Acid; Loranthaceae; Molecular Structure; Plants, Medicinal; Quercetin; Rhizome; Rutin; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

To study the chemical constituents in roots of Heracleum rapula.. The constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and ODS, and identified by spectroscopic methods.. Eight compounds, xanthotoxol (I), 8-geranyloxypsoralen (II), (+)-marmesin (III), beta-sitosterol (IV), stigmasterol (V), oleanolic acid (VI), ferulic (VII), scopoletin (VIII) were isolated and identified.. Compounds IV, V, VI, VII, VIII were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Coumaric Acids; Heracleum; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Scopoletin; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

Black raspberries are a rich natural source of chemopreventive phytochemicals. Recent studies have shown that freeze-dried black raspberries inhibit the development of oral, esophageal, and colon cancer in rodents, and extracts of black raspberries inhibit benzo(a)pyrene-induced cell transformation of hamster embryo fibroblasts. However, the molecular mechanisms and the active components responsible for black raspberry chemoprevention are unclear. In this study, we found that 2 major chemopreventive components of black raspberries, ferulic acid and beta-sitosterol, and a fraction eluted with ethanol (RO-ET) during silica column chromatography of the organic extract of freeze-dried black raspberries inhibit the growth of premalignant and malignant but not normal human oral epithelial cell lines. Another fraction eluted with CH2Cl2/ethanol (DM:ET) and ellagic acid inhibited the growth of normal as well as premalignant and malignant human oral cell lines. We investigated the molecular mechanisms by which ferulic acid and beta-sitosterol and the RO-ET fraction selectively inhibited the growth of premalignant and malignant oral cells using flow cytometry and Western blotting of cell cycle regulatory proteins. There was no discernable change in the cell cycle distribution following treatment of cells with the RO-ET fraction. Premalignant and malignant cells redistributed to the G2/M phase of the cell cycle following incubation with ferulic acid. beta-sitosterol treated premalignant and malignant cells accumulated in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases, respectively. The RO-ET fraction reduced the levels of cyclin A and cell division cycle gene 2 (cdc2) in premalignant cells and cyclin B1, cyclin D1, and cdc2 in the malignant cell lines. This fraction also elevated the levels of p21waf1/cip1 in the malignant cell line. Ferulic acid treatment led to increased levels of cyclin B1 and cdc2 in both cell lines, and p21waf1/cip1 was induced in the malignant cell line. beta-sitosterol reduced the levels of cyclin B1 and cdc2 while increasing p21waf1/cip1 in both the premalignant and malignant cell lines. These results show for the first time that the growth inhibitory effects of black raspberries on premalignant and malignant human oral cells may reside in specific components that target aberrant signaling pathways regulating cell cycle progression.

Topics: Blotting, Western; Cell Cycle; Cell Division; Cell Line; Chemoprevention; Coumaric Acids; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ellagic Acid; Ethanol; Flow Cytometry; Fruit; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Models, Biological; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Plant Extracts; Precancerous Conditions; Sitosterols; Tumor Cells, Cultured

This study examined the effects of lyophilized black raspberries (BRB) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF), colon tumors, and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in male Fischer 344 rats. AOM was injected (15 mg/kg body wt i.p.) once per week for 2 wk. At 24 h after the final injection, AOM-treated rats began consuming diets containing 0%, 2.5%, 5%, or 10% (wt/wt) BRB. Vehicle controls received 5% BRB or diet only. Rats were sacrificed after 9 and 33 wk of BRB feeding for ACF enumeration and tumor analysis. ACF multiplicity decreased 36%, 24%, and 21% (P < 0.01 for all groups) in the 2.5%, 5%, and 10% BRB groups, respectively, relative to the AOM-only group. Total tumor multiplicity declined 42%, 45%, and 71% (P < 0.05 for all groups). Although not significant, a decrease in tumor burden (28%, 42%, and 75%) was observed in all BRB groups. Adenocarcinoma multiplicity decreased 28%, 35%, and 80% (P < 0.01) in the same treatment groups. Urinary 8-OHdG levels were reduced by 73%, 81%, and 83% (P < 0.01 for all groups). These results indicate that BRB inhibit several measures of AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis and modulate an important marker of oxidative stress in the Fischer 344 rat.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma; Animals; Anthocyanins; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Azoxymethane; Calcium; Cholesterol; Colonic Neoplasms; Coumaric Acids; Deoxyguanosine; Diet; Ellagic Acid; Freeze Drying; Fruit; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Rosaceae; Sitosterols

Six chemical compounds were isolated from the roots and rhizoma of Notopterygium incisium by column chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography, and identified by chemical and spectroscopic analysis as beta-sitosterol, oleic acid, linoleic acid, columbianetin, pregnenolone and ferulic acid. The presence of pregnenolone in the genus Notopterygium has not been reported.

Topics: Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Pregnenolone; Sitosterols