furostanol-i and dioscin

Women's breast cancer is one of the most significant healthcare issues for the human race that demands a proactive strategy for a cure. In this study, the cytotoxic activity (MTT assay) of two natural steroidal compounds, protodioscin and dioscin, against two major subtypes of human breast cancer estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive)/MCF-7 and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)/MDA-MB-468), was assessed. The clonogenic capacity was evaluated using the clonogenic assay. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring the formation of malondialdehyde and H2O2 and the assessment of total antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPx, GR, and TrxR). Protodioscin and dioscin were highly cytotoxic against the tested cell lines (1.53 μM

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms

Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. Tiegun (DTT), a type of homologous medicinal plant, is commonly used as food in daily life. However, there has always been confusion regarding removal of the peel, as the nutrient metabolite composition of the peel is unclear. Here, a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics approach was used to determine the metabolite distribution in DTT exclude-peel and peel. Thirteen characteristic metabolites with statistical significance were identified and compared using multivariate, univariate and cluster analyses. The results demonstrated that the peel contained the higher levels of α-glucose, batatasin IV, batatasin I, asparagine, β-glucose, protodioscin, threonine, protogracillin, dioscin, and β-sitosteryl acetate, and the samples without the peel had the higher levels of leucine, glutamine and alanine. This study provided scientific data for understanding the distribution characteristics of metabolites in DTT samples, promoting reasonable consumption of DTT.

Topics: Cluster Analysis; Dioscorea; Diosgenin; Leucine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metabolomics; Plant Exudates; Plants, Medicinal; Principal Component Analysis; Saponins

DA-9801, a standardised 50% aqueous ethanolic extract of a mixture of Dioscorea japonica and D. nipponica, is a botanical drug candidate for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, which finished its US phase II clinical trials recently. An advanced quality control method is needed for further development of DA-9801, considering its high contents of both primary and secondary metabolites.. Development of a quality assessment strategy for DA-9801, based on the combination of UHPLC-QTOF/MS, HPLC-ELSD, and. The method was developed and tested with 15 batch products of DA-9801. The steroidal saponins of DA-9801 were tentatively identified by UHPLC-QTOF/MS and were quantified with the validated HPLC-ELSD method. Primary metabolites of DA-9801 were identified and profiled using. Six major saponins of DA-9801 were tentatively identified by UHPLC-QTOF/MS. Among them, protodioscin and dioscin were quantified by the validated HPLC-ELSD method. Twenty-six metabolites were identified in. This study validates the effectiveness of UHPLC-QTOF/MS, HPLC-ELSD, and

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dioscorea; Diosgenin; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Plant Preparations; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results; Saponins; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Among the 49 species of the genus Dioscorea distributed in China, Dioscorea nipponica Makino (DN), Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burkill (DP), and Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright (DZ) possess more or less similar traditional therapeutic actions, such as activating blood, relieving pain, and dispersing swelling; they have been used as folk medicine in China since 1950s. The modern pharmaceutical industry has developed these three species as herbal medicines that have been used for decades for treating cardiovascular diseases. However, there is no available information in the literature explaining how their chemical components are converted and interrelated in vivo to support their efficacies. The present study aimed to a) compare the metabolic profiles of saponins from DN, DP and DZ, which are considered to be their bioactive components, and b) to compare the changes in sustained levels of metabolites from rat biosamples.. Total saponins (TS) from each of the three species, and four individual saponins, namely protodioscin (PD), pseudoprotodioscin (PSD), dioscin (DC) and diosgenin (DG), were given to rats by oral administration. Chemical profiles of the rats' plasma, urine and feces were monitored 1-36 h. A UPLC-QTOF-MS based method was performed to identify the absorbed constituents and their metabolic products in rat biosamples (i.e., blood, urine, and feces); the ratio of peak area of major saponins to that of internal standard was calculated and plotted versus time to characterize the sustained levels of saponins in biosamples.. Totally 10 saponin-related compounds were detected in rat plasma, 10 in rat urine and 18 in rat feces. The results indicated that formation of diosgenin by desugarization was the main pathway by which steroidal glycosides were metabolized. Other types of bio-transformation were found among glycosides and aglycones, such as ring cyclization through loss of 26-O-glucosyl, substitution of β-D-glucopyranosyl for α-L-rhamnopyrannosyl, hydrogenation of diosgenin at 5(6)-double bond, and hydration of 20(22)-double bond. Generally, the metabolic profiles of DN and DP were shown to be quite similar, but different from that of DZ. However, some particular similarities and connections were found among these three TS. Diosgenin was one of the main metabolites commonly found in plasma and feces (excluding urine), from all groups receiving different TS, as well as individual saponins; this is likely to be one of the bioactive constituents playing an essential role in cardioprotective efficacy. Furostane-type saponins in TS of DN, DP or DZ, such as PD, protogracillin, parvifloside, protodeltonin and protobioside, showed fast absorption into blood (<1h), but were maintained for a relatively short period (mostly<8h), while the spirostane-type saponin and sapogenin (DC and DG, respectively), were absorbed into circulation more slowly (>1h), but increased gradually and lasted longer (>36h). These two patterns suggest that the therapeutic effect of these Dioscorea saponins is achieved through a complex, multi-step process over time. In addition, it appears that PD, PSD, and DC contained in DN and DP were transformed into certain glycosides originally found in DZ but not in DN or DP (protodeltonin, deltonin, trillin, and progenin II), which might indicate another linkage among these three species.. These similarities and connections described above constitute evidence supporting similarity in efficacy of these three herbs from the perspective of metabolism. The UPLC-QTOF-MS based method is accurate and efficient for analyzing metabolic changes in rat biosamples over time.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dioscorea; Diosgenin; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Feces; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Saponins

An efficient purification method for simultaneous recovery of polar saponins, protodioscin (PD) and dioscin (DC), and non-polar aglycon, diosgenin (DG), from plasma of mice fed diets containing seed flours of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) was established for subsequent quantitative analysis by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Mice plasma samples were first deproteinated by addition of acetonitrile, and the supernatant was applied to a carbon-based solid phase extraction tube. After successive washing with methanol and 35% chroloform/methanol (v/v), PD, DC and DG were eluted simultaneously with 80% chroloform/methanol (v/v). The eluate was evaporated to dryness, and re-dissolved in 80% methanol (v/v). The filtered sample was analyzed with an LC-ESI-MS/MS system. After the purification procedure, recovery rates between 89.3 to 117.4% were obtained without notable ion suppression or enhancement. The use of internal standards was therefore not necessary. The utility of the method was demonstrated by analyzing plasma of mice from a fenugreek feeding study.

Topics: Animals; Chloroform; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diosgenin; Male; Methanol; Mice, Obese; Plant Extracts; Saponins; Solid Phase Extraction; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Trigonella

Two new fatty acid-spirostan steroid glycoside esters, progenin III palmitate (1) and progenin III linoleate (2), were isolated from the MeOH extract of Dioscorea cayenensis rhizomes. The extract also yielded seven previously known spirostan and furostan steroid glycosides (3-9). The structures of the new compounds were established as (25R)-spirost-5-en-3beta-yl O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[6-O-palmitoyl]-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and (25R)-spirost-5-en-3beta-yl O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[6-O-linoleoyl]-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2) by chemical and spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR. The known compounds were identified as progenin III (3), dioscin (4), deltonin (5), asperin (6), gracillin (7), protodioscin (8)], and methyl protodioscin (9).

Topics: Dioscorea; Diosgenin; Glycosides; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Saponins; Spirostans

To isolate and identify steroidal saponins from the rhizomes of Dioscorea septemloba Thunb.. The compounds were isolated by solvent extraction, column chromatography on silica gel and ODS, and their structures were elucidated on the base of chemical and spectral analyses.. Three steroidal saponins were isolated from the rhizomes of Dioscorea septemloba Thunb, and their structures were detemined as dioscin (I), protodioscin (II), protogracillin (III).. Compound II and III were obtained from the rhizomes of Dioscorea septemloba Thunb for the first time.

Topics: Dioscorea; Diosgenin; Molecular Structure; Plant Tubers; Plants, Medicinal; Saponins; Steroids