fumaric-acid and teriflunomide

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and the most common cause of neurological disability in young adults, along with a considerable clinical and pathological heterogeneity. Since, current therapies appear to be modest in the magnitude of their treatment effects, particularly in the progressive phase of this disease, thus novel promising therapeutic strategies might open a light horizon in approaching to an efficient treatment in MS. In this review, we will discuss about relevant patents and novel designed immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory oral drugs promising for treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Cladribine; Crotonates; Diterpenes; Epoxy Compounds; Fingolimod Hydrochloride; Fumarates; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Multiple Sclerosis; Nitriles; Patents as Topic; Phenanthrenes; Propylene Glycols; Quinolones; Sphingosine; Toluidines

Disease-modifying treatments are now available in relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), and their beneficial effects have been shown in several clinical studies. However, as these treatments are only partially effective in halting the MS disease process and are frequently associated with side effects and suboptimal patient adherence, new oral therapeutic approaches are warranted. This review focuses on advances in current and novel oral treatment approaches for MS. Several pivotal reports have provided promising results for new oral therapies evaluating the safety and efficacy of new agents including fingolimod, fumaric acid, cladribine, teriflunomide and laquinimod.

Topics: Cladribine; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Crotonates; Fingolimod Hydrochloride; Fumarates; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Immunosuppressive Agents; Multiple Sclerosis; Nitriles; Propylene Glycols; Quinolones; Sphingosine; Toluidines

Therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) has changed dramatically over the past decade, yielding significant progress in the treatment of relapsing/remitting and secondary progressive MS. Disease-modifying treatments are now widely available, and their beneficial effects on relapse rates, MRI outcomes and, in some cases, relapse-related disability have been shown in several clinical studies. However, as these treatments are only partially effective in halting the MS disease process and in clinical practice are frequently associated with injection-related side effects and suboptimal patient adherence, new oral therapeutic approaches are warranted.. The aim of the present paper is to present new promising results from emerging oral drugs for multiple sclerosis.. This review focuses on advances in current and novel oral treatment approaches for MS. Nevertheless, most of the data were obtained from Phase I/II clinical trials, we need further confirmation of their safety and efficacy profile from longer Phase III clinical trials.. Several pivotal reports have provided promising results for new oral therapies evaluating the safety and efficacy of new agents including fingolimod, fumaric acid, cladribine, teriflunomide and laquinomid.. It is unknown whether these oral drugs could be used as first-line treatment for MS; this will depend mostly on their safety profile. Alternatively, these drugs could be used as add-on treatment for failed first-line therapy, or as an effective induction agent.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Cladribine; Crotonates; Fingolimod Hydrochloride; Fumarates; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Immunosuppressive Agents; Multiple Sclerosis; Nitriles; Propylene Glycols; Quinolones; Sphingosine; Toluidines

Multiple sclerosis (MS) represents the prototypic inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system and the most common cause of neurological disability in young adults, exhibiting considerable clinical, radiological and pathological heterogeneity. A better understanding of the immunopathological processes underlying this disease have recently led to the design of numerous novel therapeutical approaches. Perhaps most importantly, therapy has changed dramatically over the past decade in that all relapsing forms of MS, including early forms of MS are now being treated relatively aggressively. However, there are still unmet needs in the management of this disease, especially since all of the currently available disease-modifying drugs are only partially effective. Most of the clinically relevant therapeutic agents are not yet available as oral formulations. A substantial number of pivotal and preliminary reports provide encouraging new evidence on advances being made in the development of oral therapies for MS. A different strategy is the development of very potent monoclonal antibodies, given intravenously or subcutaneously, many of which are being examined for clinical efficacy. These agents are potentially more effective, but may carry more serious side effects. Finally, drugs with a known good safety profile are being developed further. These advances are critically reviewed and put into perspective.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Alemtuzumab; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Cladribine; Crotonates; Fingolimod Hydrochloride; Fumarates; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Immunologic Factors; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Subcutaneous; Interferon-beta; Multiple Sclerosis; Nitriles; Propylene Glycols; Quinolones; Sphingosine; Toluidines