fumarates and ferrous-fumarate

Food fortification is a powerful strategy to reach large populations with multiple micronutrients added to a single food vehicle. The impact depends on the sustained provision and utilization of adequately fortified food by a large population (mainly in low-income and food-insecure settings). We apply a value chain (VC) analysis framework to diagnose and address the barriers to the uptake of encapsulated ferrous fumarate double fortified salt (DFS) distributed through public-sector-led DFS interventions in India.We adapt the VC requirements framework proposed by Henson and Humphrey to identify and categorize barriers along the DFS VC as technological, market-related, and policy-related. We conducted a desk review of published and unpublished literature on DFS and information available in the public domain, semi-structured interviews with VC stakeholders from the private sector, program data from implementing organizations, and participation in multistakeholder consultations on DFS.Major supply-side barriers were under-developed private markets, inconsistent demand from public markets, unpredictable returns-on-investments, and inadequate business incentives to invest in DFS. The product's weak consumer orientation, uncreated consumer demand, low awareness of fortified foods, inadequate nutrition signaling were significant demand-side barriers. Technological barriers related to the requirement of high-grade salt for DFS production and residual organoleptic property of mild discoloration of food. Policy barriers related to inadequate and irregular financing for distributing subsidized DFS through the public distribution system; insufficient policy support for risk-sharing and managing costs associated with fortification; and a weak institutional environment for sustaining DFS interventions.Building an enabling institutional environment, demand creation through consumer awareness, strengthening institutional markets through public financing, managing cost and risks through public-private partnerships, and assuring quality during commercial scale-up are critical interventions necessary to ensure impact at scale.

Topics: Ferrous Compounds; Food, Fortified; Fumarates; Humans; Sodium Chloride, Dietary

Ferrous fumarate (Fersamal) and ferrous carbonate (Ferrodic) may produce false-positive results with the orthotolidine tablet tests (Occultest and Hematest) if administered to patients being investigated for alimentary bleeding. Misleading results are also likely if the benzidine test is employed as a filter-paper procedure. Ferrous sulphate, gluconate, succinate, iron and ammonium citrate, and other preparations of iron have no influence on the modern tablet tests for occult alimentary bleeding.

Topics: Blood Chemical Analysis; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Ferrous Compounds; Fumarates; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hemorrhage; Humans; Iron; Occult Blood; Pharmacology

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Drug Therapy; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Fumarates; Humans; Iron; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Puerperal Disorders

Topics: Animals; Citrates; Ferrous Compounds; Fumarates; Rabbits; Tartrates

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Feces; Ferrous Compounds; Fumarates; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Guaiac; Humans; Iron; Occult Blood; Toxicology

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Ferrous Compounds; Fumarates; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Iron

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ferrous Compounds; Fumarates; Iron; Maleates