fumarates and 4-hydroxybenzoic-acid

The wild mushroom Leucopaxillus candidus (Bres.) Singer was studied for the first time to obtain information about its chemical composition, nutritional value and bioactivity. Free sugars, fatty acids, tocopherols, organic and phenolic acids were analysed by chromatographic techniques coupled to different detectors. L. candidus methanolic extract was tested regarding antioxidant potential (reducing power, radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition). L. candidus was shown to be an interesting species in terms of nutritional value, with high content in proteins and carbohydrates, but low fat levels, with the prevalence of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Mannitol was the most abundant free sugar and β-tocopherol was the main tocopherol isoform. Other compounds detected were oxalic and fumaric acids, p-hydroxybenzoic and cinnamic acids. The methanolic extract revealed antioxidant activity and did not show hepatoxicity in porcine liver primary cells. The present study provides new information about L. candidus.

Topics: Agaricales; Animals; Antioxidants; beta-Tocopherol; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Survival; Cinnamates; Complex Mixtures; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Fumarates; Hepatocytes; Mannitol; Metabolome; Nutritive Value; Oxalates; Parabens; Picrates; Primary Cell Culture; Swine

Delayed acquisition of the proton NMR in selected organic molecular solids (L-alanine, durene, ethyl fumarate, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid) is shown to allow the observation of mobile species in the presence of relatively rigid bulk molecules. The mobility is found to be thermally activated. The combination of the thermally activated motion and magic-angle spinning leads to a fraction of these species moving nearly isotropically on the time scale of the inverse of the homonuclear dipolar splitting. In the case of ethyl fumarate and alanine, there exist populations with differing values of T1 and T1 row. This indicates the co-existence of relatively rigid and relatively mobile molecules in the same sample. The intensities under delayed acquisition cannot always be trusted to yield quantitative information. Comparison of spectra taken under delayed acquisition and under the CRAMPS (B.C. Gerstein, R.G. Pembleton, R.C. Wilson and L.M. Ryan, J. Chem. Phys., 66 (1977)361) technique is made.

Topics: Alanine; Benzene Derivatives; Crystallography; Desiccation; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Fumarates; Hydrogen; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Parabens; Protons; Temperature