fructooligosaccharide and maltodextrin

Probiotics could represent an effective alternative to the use of synthetic substances in nutrition and medicine. The data concerning the efficacy of probiotics are often contradictory. This paper focuses on the enhancement of the efficacy of probiotics by their combination with synergistically acting components of natural origin. Maltodextrins can be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of starch and are suitable for consumption. Administration of Lactobacillus paracasei together with maltodextrin decreased the number of Escherichia coli colonising the jejunal mucosa of gnotobiotic piglets by 1 logarithm compared to the control group. Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are naturally occurring oligosaccharides, mainly of plant origin. L. paracasei administered in combination with FOS significantly increased counts of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., total anaerobes and total aerobes compared to the control group as well as the L. paracasei group. It also significantly decreased Clostridium and Enterobacterium counts in the faeces of the weanling piglets compared with the control group. Dietary lipids influence the gastrointestinal microbiota and specifically the population of lactic acid bacteria. In gnotobiotic piglets the oral administration of an oil containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) significantly increased the number of L. paracasei adhering to jejunal mucosa compared to the control group. Our results showed that maltodextrin KMS X-70 and PUFA can be used to enhance the effect of probiotic micro-organisms in the small intestine, and similarly FOS enhance the effect of probiotic micro-organisms in the large intestine.

Topics: Animals; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Humans; Intestines; Oligosaccharides; Polysaccharides; Probiotics; Swine

Maternal bacteria are shared with infants via breastfeeding. Prebiotics modulate the gut microbiota, promoting health benefits. We investigated whether the maternal diet supplementation with a prebiotic (fructooligosaccharides, FOS) could influence the milk microbiota. Twenty-eight lactating women received 4.5 g of fructooligosaccharides + 2 g of maltodextrin (FOS group) and twenty-five received 2 g of maltodextrin (placebo group) for 20 days. Breast-milk samples were taken before and after the intervention. The DNA from samples was used for 16S rRNA sequencing. No statistical differences between the groups were found for the bacterial genera after the intervention. However, the distances of the trajectories covered by paired samples from the beginning to the end of the supplementation were higher for the FOS group (

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Breast Feeding; Dietary Supplements; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Age; Milk, Human; Oligosaccharides; Polysaccharides; Prebiotics; Single-Blind Method; Young Adult

A standardized simple, indirect method for assessing the relative energy of dietary fiber carbohydrates is not yet established. There is a need for a standardized in vivo assay. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relative available energy (RAE) for 9 major dietary fiber materials (DFMs) based on fermentability from breath hydrogen excretion (BHE) in subjects. Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) was used as a reference. The study was conducted using a within-subject, repeated measures design and approved by the Ethical Committee of University of Nagasaki. After DFM ingestion, end-expiratory gas (750-mL) was collected at 1-h intervals for 8 h, as well as at 2-h intervals between 8 h and 14 h, and 30 min after waking up and 24 h after DFM ingestion. Breath hydrogen concentration was assessed with a gas chromatograph. The RAE of DFMs tested was evaluated based on the area under the curve (AUC) of BHE of FOS. Based on the ratio of AUC for 8 h, the RAE of polydextrose, partially hydrolysed guar gum, resistant maltodextrin and partially hydrolysed alginate was 1 kcal/g, and that of glucomannan, heat-moisture treatment and high-amylose cornstarch and cellulose was 0 kcal/g, while the RAE of all tested DEMs including cellulose and glucomannan was 1 kcal/g in the calculation based on AUCs for 14 h and 24 h in subjects. We suggest that a breath hydrogen collection period of 14 h or more could be used to measure RAE for a range of fiber preparations in vivo.

Topics: Adult; Alginates; Amylose; Area Under Curve; Breath Tests; Cellulose; Chromatography, Gas; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fiber; Energy Intake; Female; Fermentation; Galactans; Glucans; Glucuronic Acid; Hexuronic Acids; Humans; Hydrogen; Mannans; Oligosaccharides; Plant Gums; Polysaccharides; Reference Values; Starch; Young Adult

Consumption of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) has been shown to improve mineral absorption in the short term, but no long-term effects were studied in girls with a low calcium intake. Therefore, we hypothesized that short- and long-term consumption of short-chain FOS (sc-FOS) improves calcium and magnesium absorption in girls with a low habitual calcium intake. Fourteen girls aged between 12 and 14 years received, for 36 days, 10 g sc-FOS (sc-FOS) or maltodextrin (placebo). Short-chain FOS were taken daily for 8 days followed by an intermittent intake mode on 28 random days to mimic noncontinuous intake. In a crossover design, true calcium and magnesium absorption was computed on the 8th and 36th day of each treatment period from isotope enrichment in urine. In addition, the parathyroid hormone and vitamin D in serum and markers of bone resorption in urine (pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline) were determined. Short-chain FOS increased magnesium absorption by 18% after 36 days (30.1% +/- 9.1% vs 35.4% +/- 12.8%). Magnesium absorption did not change after the initial 8 days of long-term sc-FOS intake. Short-chain FOS did not affect calcium absorption. In addition, sc-FOS did not affect vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, or markers of bone resorption. It is concluded that consumption of sc-FOS for 36 days stimulated magnesium absorption in girls but did not affect calcium absorption.

Topics: Absorption; Adolescent; Amino Acids; Bone Resorption; Calcium; Child; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Magnesium; Oligosaccharides; Parathyroid Hormone; Polysaccharides; Vitamin D

Increasing secretion and production of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by continuous ingestion of certain food components has been expected to prevent glucose intolerance and obesity. In this study, we examined whether a physiological dose (5% weight in diet) of digestion-resistant maltodextrin (RMD) has a GLP-1-promoting effect in rats fed a high-fat and high-sucrose (HFS) diet.. Rats were fed a control diet or the HFS (30% fat, 40% sucrose wt/wt) diet supplemented with 5% RMD or fructooligosaccharides (FOS) for 8 weeks or for 8 days in separated experiments. Glucose tolerance, energy intake, plasma and tissue GLP-1 concentrations, and cecal short-chain fatty acids concentrations were assessed.. After 4 weeks of feeding, HFS-fed rats had significantly higher glycemic response to oral glucose than control rats, but rats fed HFS + RMD/FOS did not (approx. 50% reduction vs HFS rats). HFS + RMD/FOS-fed rats had higher GLP-1 responses (~twofold) to oral glucose, than control rats. After 8 weeks, visceral adipose tissue weight was significantly higher in HFS-fed rats than control rats, while HFS + RMD/FOS rats had a trend of reduced gain (~50%) of the tissue weight. GLP-1 contents and luminal propionate concentrations in the large intestine increased (>twofold) by adding RMD/FOS to HFS. Eight days feeding of RMD/FOS-supplemented diets reduced energy intake (~10%) and enhanced cecal GLP-1 production (~twofold), compared to HFS diet.. The physiological dose of a prebiotic fiber promptly (within 8 days) promotes GLP-1 production in rats fed an obesogenic diet, which would help to prevent excess energy intake and fat accumulation.

Topics: Adiposity; Animals; Appetite Depressants; Cecum; Diet, Western; Digestion; Dysbiosis; Energy Intake; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Fermentation; Gastrointestinal Contents; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Intestinal Mucosa; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Male; Obesity; Oligosaccharides; Organ Size; Polysaccharides; Prebiotics; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Resistant glucan (RG) and hydrogenated resistant glucan (HRG) are newly developed non-digestible carbohydrate materials that decrease lifestyle-related diseases. The bioavailability of RG and HRG was investigated by in vitro experiments using human and rat small intestinal enzymes and by in vivo experiments using rats in the present study. Oligosaccharides, which are minor components of RG and HRG, were hydrolysed slightly by small intestinal enzymes of humans and rats, and the hydrolysing activity was slightly higher in rats than in humans. The amount of glucose released from HRG was greater than that from RG. However, the high-molecular-weight carbohydrates of the main components were hardly hydrolysed. Furthermore, neither RG nor HRG inhibited disaccharidase activity. When rats were raised on a diet containing 5 % of RG, HRG, resistant maltodextrin or fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) for 4 weeks, all rats developed loose stools and did not recover during the experiment, except for the FOS group. Body weight gain was normal in all groups and was not significantly different compared with the control group. Caecal tissue and content weights were significantly increased by feeding RG or HRG, although other organ and tissue weights were not significantly different among the groups. In conclusion, RG and HRG consist of small amounts of glucose and digestible and non-digestible oligosaccharides, and large amounts of glucose polymers, which were hardly hydrolysed by α-amylase and small intestinal enzymes. RG and HRG, which were developed newly as dietary fibre materials, had no harmful effects on the growth and development of rats.

Topics: alpha-Amylases; Animals; Cecum; Diarrhea; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fiber; Digestion; Disaccharidases; Glucans; Humans; Hydrogenation; Hydrolysis; Intestine, Small; Male; Molecular Structure; Oligosaccharides; Organ Size; Polysaccharides; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Weight Gain

The influence of the administration of Lactobacillus plantarum, maltodextrin Maldex 150 and Raftifeed IPX fructooligosaccharides on the inhibition of adhesion of E. coli O8:K88 to the mucosa of the jejunum, ileum and colon as well as on the organic acid levels was investigated in 33 conventional piglets. The counts of E. coli K88 adhering to the jejunal mucosa were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 and Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 + Raftifeed IPX groups. The counts of E. coli K88 adhering to the colonic mucosa of Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 + Raftifeed IPX and Lact. plantarum + Raftifeed IPX groups were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in Lact. plantarum and Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 animals. The acetic acid levels in the ileum and colon of the Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 + Raftifeed IPX group and Lact. plantarum + Raftifeed IPX group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the Lact. plantarum and Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 group. The combination of Lact. plantarum, maltodextrin Maldex 150 and Raftifeed IPX proved to be the most effective one to inhibit the counts of E. coli O8:K88 adhering to the intestinal mucosa of the jejunum and colon of conventional piglets.

Topics: Acetic Acid; Animals; Animals, Suckling; Bacterial Adhesion; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Colony Count, Microbial; Dietary Carbohydrates; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Gastrointestinal Contents; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactic Acid; Lactobacillus plantarum; Oligosaccharides; Polysaccharides; Probiotics; Swine; Swine Diseases

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 3 synbiotic diets: 1) containing Lactobacillus casei ASCC 292 and fructooligosaccharides (LF diet); 2) containing L. casei ASCC 292 and maltodextrin (LM diet); and 3) containing L. casei ASCC 292, fructooligosaccharide, and maltodextrin (LFM diet) to reduce serum cholesterol in male Wistar rats. The effect of the synbiotic diets on intestinal microflora, concentration of organic acids, and the possibility of translocation of lactobacilli were also investigated. The LFM diet lowered serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, whereas the LM diet increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. However, synbiotic diets did not contribute to a change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level compared with the control diet. There was a decrease in the population of staphylococci, bacteroides, Escherichia coli, and total coliforms in most bowel regions with the LFM diet compared with the control (which did not contain any synbiotic). In general, the LFM diet contributed to a higher concentration of lactic acid that may have contributed to the decrease in the population of pathogenic microorganisms compared with the control. Fructooligosaccharide was the preferred substrate for production of acetic acid. Results from this study showed that the synbiotic diet that contained L. casei ASCC 292, fructooligosaccharide, and maltodextrin beneficially altered cholesterol levels and produced a healthier bowel microbial population without translocation of lactobacilli to other organs.

Topics: Acetic Acid; Animals; Bacterial Translocation; Bacteroides; Butyric Acid; Carboxylic Acids; Cecum; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Colon; Colony Count, Microbial; Diet; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Feces; Formates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestines; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Lipoproteins; Male; Oligosaccharides; Polysaccharides; Probiotics; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Staphylococcus; Triglycerides

To investigate the fermentation properties of gentio-oligosaccharides (GOS), as compared to fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and maltodextrin in mixed faecal culture.. The substrates were incubated in 24 h batch culture fermentations of human faecal bacteria. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to determine changes in populations of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, clostridia, bacteroides, streptococci and Escherichia coli. Gas and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production was also measured. GOS gave the largest significant increases in bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and total bacterial numbers during the incubations. However, FOS appeared to be a more selective prebiotic as it did not significantly stimulate growth of bacterial groups which were not probiotic in nature. GOS and maltodextrin produced the highest levels of SCFA. Lowest gas production was seen with GOS and highest with FOS.. GOS possessed bifidogenic activity in vitro. Although fermentation of GOS was not as selective as FOS, gas production was lower. Gas production is often seen as an undesirable side effect of prebiotic consumption.. The study has provided the first data on fermentation of GOS in mixed faecal culture. The study has also used molecular microbiology methods (FISH) to quantify bacterial groups. The data extend our knowledge of the selectivity of fermentation of oligosaccharides by the gut microflora.

Topics: Bacteria; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Fermentation; Oligosaccharides; Polysaccharides