formaldehyde has been researched along with thymidine in 48 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 42 (87.50) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 5 (10.42) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 0 (0.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 1 (2.08) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Chatigny, MA; Dimmick, RL; Straat, PA; Wolochow, H | 1 |
| Kubinski, H; Morin, NC | 1 |
| Model, PG; Vogel, DL | 1 |
| Poverennyi, AM; Saenko, AS; Semin, IuA; Sklobovskaia, IE | 1 |
| Tokunaga, F | 1 |
| Bürki, K; Grétillat, P; Schaer, JC; Schindler, R | 1 |
| Bayev, AA; Ilyin, YV | 1 |
| Dimitrov, S; Pashev, I; Russanova, V; Stefanovsky, V | 1 |
| Bonfil, RD; Klein-Szanto, AJ; Litwin, S; Nowak, P; Ura, H; Watts, P | 1 |
| Crow, MK | 1 |
| Fukuda, M; Hattori, T; Sugihara, H | 1 |
| Bayer, ME; Brown, DT; MacKenzie, JM | 1 |
| King, CS; Richter, CB | 1 |
| Huckins, C; Kopriwa, BM | 1 |
| Crossen, PE | 1 |
| Beiser, SM; Erlanger, BF; Senitzer, D | 1 |
| Strauss, PR | 1 |
| Ashwell, G; Gabriel, O | 1 |
| Knutson, F | 1 |
| Jori, LA; Salzman, LA | 1 |
| Roizman, B; Spring, SB | 1 |
| Agrawal, KC; Moore, EC; Sartorelli, AC | 1 |
| Agrawal, KC; Booth, BA; Moore, EC; Sartorelli, AC | 1 |
| Agrawal, KC; Booth, BA; Mooney, PD; Moore, EC; Sartorelli, AC | 1 |
| Chalkley, R; Jackson, V | 1 |
| Hancock, R; Levine, AJ; Sen, A | 1 |
| Durst, J; Hirschmann, WD; Kummer, D; Ochs, H; Schneider, F; Thauer, R; Weitzel, G | 1 |
| Wilt, FH; Wu, RS | 1 |
| Bayev, AA; Ilyin, YV; Varshavsky, AJ; Zhuze, AL | 1 |
| Hirose, S; Okazaki, R; Sugino, A | 1 |
| Kelln, RA; Warren, RA | 1 |
| Rosenkranz, HS | 1 |
| Monczak, E; Taylor, K | 1 |
| Cohen, PS | 1 |
| Rhoades, M; Thomas, CA | 1 |
| Burgan, MW; Cooper, AD; Herrmann, RL; White, CW | 1 |
| Borst, P; ter Schegget, J | 1 |
| Coulson, AS; Hellmann, K; Lindahl-Kiessling, K; Summers, LJ; Tucker, D | 1 |
| Durst, J; Fretzdorff, AM; Hirschmann, WD; Schneider, F; Weitzel, G | 1 |
| Sagisaka, K | 1 |
| Gafford, LG; Hyde, JM; Randall, CC; Soehner, RL | 1 |
| Beaudry, P; Goussault, Y; Néel, D; Turpin, E; Wantyghem, J | 1 |
| He, W; Hughes, J; Koehm, S; Meyer, JS; Scrivner, DL | 1 |
| Inagaki, H; Li, Q; Li, YJ; Minami, M; Wang, ZY | 1 |
| Kunitoh, D; Nagata, K; Okamura, H; Uemura, T | 1 |
| Casanova, M; Heck, H | 1 |
| KIDSON, C; KIRBY, KS | 1 |
| Ball, LM; Chen, X; Collins, LB; Gold, A; Lu, K; Swenberg, JA; Ye, W; Zhou, L | 1 |
1 review(s) available for formaldehyde and thymidine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Radioactively labeled iododeoxyuridine in the study of experimental liver regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; DNA; Formaldehyde; Hepatectomy; Idoxuridine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Liver; Liver Regeneration; Male; Rats; Thymidine | 1975 |
47 other study(ies) available for formaldehyde and thymidine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Evidence for incorporation of thymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid in airborne bacterial cells.
Topics: Aerosols; Air Microbiology; Cell Division; DNA, Bacterial; Formaldehyde; Serratia marcescens; Thymidine | 1977 |
Potential toxicity of materials used for home insulation.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Cells, Cultured; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Construction Materials; DNA; Escherichia coli; Formaldehyde; HeLa Cells; Humans; Mice; Thymidine; Urea | 1978 |
Development of the sympathetic system in the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum.
Topics: Ambystoma; Animals; Autoradiography; Chromaffin System; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Embryonic Development; Embryonic Induction; Fluorescence; Formaldehyde; Larva; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Growth Factors; Neurons; Sympathetic Nervous System; Thymidine | 1977 |
[A method for determination of alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation patterns of DNA for nondividing and slowly dividing cells].
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Cattle; Cell Division; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; DNA; DNA, Neoplasm; Formaldehyde; Isotope Labeling; Mice; Thymidine; Thymus Gland; Tritium | 1977 |
Inhibitory effect of U.V. -irradiation on the formation of twisted circular lambda DNA.
Topics: Centrifugation, Zonal; Coliphages; DNA Replication; DNA Viruses; DNA, Circular; DNA, Viral; Formaldehyde; Hot Temperature; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Radiation Effects; Thymidine; Tritium; Ultraviolet Rays; Virus Replication | 1975 |
Histone-histone interactions as revealed by formaldehyde treatment of chromatin.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Cell Nucleus; Chromatin; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Formaldehyde; Histones; Macromolecular Substances; Mice; Protein Binding; Thymidine; Time Factors | 1975 |
Histones H1 and H4 are present near the replication fork.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; DNA Replication; Formaldehyde; Histones; Nucleosomes; Precipitin Tests; Thymidine | 1990 |
Effects of formaldehyde on normal xenotransplanted human tracheobronchial epithelium.
Topics: Animals; Bronchi; Female; Formaldehyde; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Mice; Mice, Nude; Mucous Membrane; Statistics as Topic; Thymidine; Trachea; Transplantation, Heterologous | 1989 |
Enhancement of the impaired autologous mixed leukocyte reaction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Topics: Adult; Cell Division; Female; Formaldehyde; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; Male; Middle Aged; Staphylococcus aureus; T-Lymphocytes; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Thymidine | 1985 |
Immunohistochemical detection of bromodeoxyuridine in formalin-fixed tissues.
Topics: Animals; Bromodeoxyuridine; Cell Nucleus; DNA; Formaldehyde; Gastric Mucosa; Histological Techniques; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Pylorus; Thymidine; Tritium | 1986 |
Mode of host cell penetration by bacteriophage phi X174.
Topics: Binding Sites; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Wall; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Cesium; Chlorides; Chloroform; Coliphages; DNA, Viral; Escherichia coli; Formaldehyde; Freeze Etching; Genetics, Microbial; Leucine; Lysogeny; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Muramidase; Mutation; Staining and Labeling; Sucrose; Thymidine; Tritium; Viral Proteins | 1971 |
Formalin as a hardener of photographic emulsions to facilitate staining of epon sections after autoradiography.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Emulsions; Formaldehyde; Methods; Mice; Photography; Staining and Labeling; Temperature; Thymidine; Tritium | 1972 |
A method for the use of Zenker-formol fixation and the periodic acid schif staining technique in light microscopic radioautography.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Formaldehyde; Histological Techniques; Leucine; Male; Methods; Periodic Acid; Rats; Schiff Bases; Staining and Labeling; Thymidine; Tritium | 1972 |
Factors influencing Giemsa band formation of human chromosomes.
Topics: Buffers; Chromosomes; Cytological Techniques; Formaldehyde; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Phosphates; Staining and Labeling; Thymidine; Time Factors; Tritium | 1973 |
Binding of antinucleoside antibody to DNA.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibody Specificity; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Base Sequence; Binding Sites, Antibody; Clostridium perfringens; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Formaldehyde; gamma-Globulins; Haptens; Micrococcus; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Nucleosides; Purines; Pyrimidines; Rabbits; Radioimmunoassay; Thymidine; Tritium | 1974 |
Effects of serum on membrane transport. II. Serum and the stimulation of adenosine transport, a possible mechanism.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine; Animals; Biological Transport; Blood; Cell Membrane; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Paper; Formaldehyde; Glutaral; Inulin; Kinetics; Lung; Macrophages; Maleimides; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Rabbits; Ribonucleosides; Temperature; Thymidine; Time Factors; Tritium | 1974 |
Biological mechanisms involved in the formation of deoxysugars. I. Preparation of thymidine diphosphate glucose labeled specifically in carbon 3.
Topics: Chromatography, Paper; Formaldehyde; Formates; Glucose; In Vitro Techniques; Nucleotides; Periodic Acid; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rhizobium; Thymidine; Tritium | 1965 |
The rat adenohypophysis during increased corticotrophin production. A histologica and autoradiographic study using labelled nucleic acid precursors after adrenalectomy, after protracted stress and after adrenalectomy followed by cortisone administration.
Topics: Adenine; Adrenalectomy; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Autoradiography; Cell Division; Cortisone; Formaldehyde; Pituitary Gland; Rats; Stress, Physiological; Thymidine | 1966 |
Characterization of the Kilham rat virus.
Topics: Adenine; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Line; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Cesium; Chlorides; Cytosine; Densitometry; DNA Viruses; DNA, Viral; Formaldehyde; Guanine; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Hemagglutination Tests; Hot Temperature; Microscopy, Electron; Molecular Weight; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Rats; Spectrophotometry; Sucrose; Thymidine; Thymine; Tritium; Viruses, Unclassified; Wilms Tumor | 1970 |
Herpes simplex virus products in productive and abortive infection. I. Stabilization with formaldehyde and preliminary analyses by isopycnic centrifugation in CsCl.
Topics: Carcinoma; Cell Line; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Cesium; Chlorides; Complement Fixation Tests; Culture Techniques; DNA; DNA, Viral; Formaldehyde; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Simplexvirus; Thymidine; Tritium; Virus Cultivation | 1967 |
Mechanism of inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase by a-(N)-heterocyclic aldehyde thiosemicarbazones.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cytosine Nucleotides; DNA, Neoplasm; Formaldehyde; In Vitro Techniques; Isoquinolines; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nucleotidyltransferases; Protein Binding; Pyridines; Rats; Sarcoma 180; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiosemicarbazones; Thymidine; Tritium | 1971 |
Alpha-(N)-heterocyclic carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone inhibitors of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cytidine; Deoxyribonucleotides; DNA, Neoplasm; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Formaldehyde; In Vitro Techniques; Isoquinolines; Liver Neoplasms; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Pyridines; Rats; Ribonucleotide Reductases; Ribonucleotides; RNA, Neoplasm; Sarcoma 180; Thiosemicarbazones; Thymidine; Time Factors; Tritium | 1974 |
Potential antitumor agents. 10. Synthesis and biochemical properties of 5-N-alkylamino-,N,N-dialkylamino-, and N-alkylacetamido-1-formylisoquinoline thiosemicarbazones.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Binding Sites; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Depression, Chemical; DNA, Neoplasm; Female; Formaldehyde; In Vitro Techniques; Isoquinolines; Liver Neoplasms; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neoplasms, Experimental; Protein Binding; Rats; Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase; RNA, Neoplasm; Sarcoma 180; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiosemicarbazones; Thymidine; Tritium; Uridine | 1974 |
Separation of newly synthesized nucleohistone by equilibrium centrifugation in cesium chloride.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Cesium; Chlorides; Chromosomes; Culture Techniques; Dialysis; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Formaldehyde; Histocytochemistry; Histones; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Proteins; Nucleoproteins; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Denaturation; Thymidine; Tritium | 1974 |
The properties and origin of the proteins in the SV40 nucleoprotein complex.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; DNA, Viral; Formaldehyde; Haplorhini; Kidney; Molecular Weight; Mutation; Nucleoproteins; Polyethylene Glycols; Simian virus 40; Sodium Chloride; Temperature; Thymidine; Tritium; Viral Proteins | 1974 |
[Studies on the mechanism of cytostatic action of methylhydrazine, 3].
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Benzene Derivatives; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Cell-Free System; Depression, Chemical; DNA, Neoplasm; Formaldehyde; Hydrazines; In Vitro Techniques; Leucine; Liver; Mice; Microsomes; Mitochondria, Liver; NADP; Protein Biosynthesis; RNA, Neoplasm; Thymidine; Uridine | 1967 |
The synthesis and degradation of RNA containing polyriboadenylate during sea urchin embryogeny.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Fractionation; Cell Nucleus; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Chromatography; Cytoplasm; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Formaldehyde; Hydroxyurea; Kinetics; Mitosis; Oligonucleotides; Polynucleotides; Ribonucleases; RNA; Sea Urchins; Spectrophotometry; Thymidine; Thymine Nucleotides; Tritium | 1974 |
Histone-histone proximity in chromatin as seen by imidoester cross-linking.
Topics: Adipates; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Chromatin; Chromatography, Gel; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Formaldehyde; Histones; Mathematics; Mice; Molecular Weight; Oligopeptides; Thymidine; Time Factors; Tritium | 1974 |
RNA-linked nascent DNA fragments in Escherichia coli.
Topics: Carbon Isotopes; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; DNA Replication; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Single-Stranded; Escherichia coli; Formaldehyde; Formamides; Genetics, Microbial; Hot Temperature; Isotope Labeling; Mutation; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Ribonucleases; Rifampin; RNA, Bacterial; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Thymidine; Time Factors; Tritium; Uracil | 1972 |
Studies on the biosynthesis of alpha-putrescinylthymine in bacteriophage phi W-14-infected Pseudomonas acidovorans.
Topics: Bacteriophages; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell-Free System; Chromatography, Paper; DNA Replication; DNA, Viral; Escherichia coli; Formaldehyde; Pseudomonas; Putrescine; Pyrimidines; Serine; Spectrophotometry; Tetrahydrofolates; Thymidine; Thymidylate Synthase; Thymine; Transferases; Tritium; Uracil | 1973 |
Formaldehyde as a possible carcinogen.
Topics: Carcinogens; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; Escherichia coli; Formaldehyde; Mutation; Thymidine | 1972 |
DNA-RNA hybridization in the study of the binding of DNA in the bacteriophage by formaldehyde.
Topics: Adsorption; Coliphages; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Formaldehyde; Methods; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; RNA, Viral; Templates, Genetic; Thymidine; Tritium; Uridine | 1974 |
Regulation of cessation of early enzyme synthesis in bacteriophage T4 infected Escherichia coli: separate mechanisms for different enzymes.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Carbon Isotopes; Coliphages; Culture Media; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; Enzyme Repression; Escherichia coli; Formaldehyde; Genetics, Microbial; Leucine; Mutation; Nucleotidyltransferases; Phosphotransferases; Potassium; RNA, Bacterial; Thymidine; Transferases; Tritium; Uracil | 1970 |
The P22 bacteriophage DNA molecule. II. Circular intracellular forms.
Topics: Alkalies; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Centrifugation, Zonal; Deoxyribonucleases; DNA, Viral; Formaldehyde; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lysogeny; Microscopy, Electron; Models, Structural; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Nucleic Acid Renaturation; Peptides, Cyclic; Salmonella Phages; Salmonella typhimurium; Temperature; Thymidine; Time Factors; Tritium | 1968 |
Effect of iododeoxyuridine upon conjugation and the fate of transferred deoxyribonucleic acid in Escherichia coli K-12.
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Cesium; Chlorides; Conjugation, Genetic; Culture Media; Deoxyuridine; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Formaldehyde; Iodine; Molecular Biology; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Recombination, Genetic; Thymidine; Tritium | 1971 |
DNA synthesis by isolated mitochondria. II. Detection of product DNA hydrogen-bonded to closed duplex circles.
Topics: Animals; Bromodeoxyuridine; Carbon Isotopes; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Chickens; Chromatography; DNA; DNA Replication; Formaldehyde; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxides; Hydroxyapatites; Mitochondria, Liver; Models, Biological; Models, Structural; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Potassium; Temperature; Thymidine; Tritium; Vibration | 1971 |
The effect of two soluble thalidomide derivatives on lymphocyte stimulation.
Topics: Culture Techniques; Depression, Chemical; Formaldehyde; Humans; Isoantigens; Lectins; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Morpholines; Piperidines; Stereoisomerism; Thalidomide; Thymidine | 1970 |
[Studies on the mechanism of cytostatic action of methylhydrazine, II].
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinoma 256, Walker; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Depression, Chemical; DNA, Neoplasm; Formaldehyde; Hydrazines; Leucine; Mice; Neoplasm Proteins; Rats; RNA, Neoplasm; Sarcoma 180; Thymidine; Uridine | 1967 |
[Behavior of the thymus DNA in formalin stress].
Topics: Animals; DNA; Formaldehyde; Mice; Stress, Physiological; Thymidine; Thymus Gland; Tritium | 1967 |
Physicochemical properties of fowlpox virus deoxyribonucleic acid and its anomalous infectious behavior.
Topics: Biological Assay; DNA, Viral; Formaldehyde; Hot Temperature; In Vitro Techniques; Microscopy, Electron; Poxviridae; Spectrophotometry; Thymidine; Tritium; Ultracentrifugation | 1966 |
Modification of biological activities of Ricinus communis agglutinin by cross-linking with formaldehyde.
Topics: Adult; Agglutination Tests; Allosteric Regulation; Cells, Cultured; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cross-Linking Reagents; Erythrocytes; Formaldehyde; Humans; Lectins; Lymphocytes; Mitogens; Plant Lectins; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thymidine | 1984 |
Assessment of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in breast cancer using anti-PCNA PC10 and 19A2: correlation with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine or tritiated thymidine labeling and flow cytometric analysis.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Breast Neoplasms; Bromodeoxyuridine; Cell Division; Flow Cytometry; Formaldehyde; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Isotope Labeling; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Retrospective Studies; Thymidine; Tissue Fixation; Tritium | 1994 |
Evaluation of contact sensitivity to formaldehyde and tetramethylthiuram monosulfide using a modified lymphocyte transformation test.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Dermatitis, Contact; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epidermal Cells; Epidermis; Female; Formaldehyde; Guinea Pigs; Immunization; Isotope Labeling; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocyte Count; Skin; Thiram; Thymidine; Tritium | 1995 |
Mitogenic activity of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in human peripheral lymphocytes.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Clostridium perfringens; Enterotoxins; Formaldehyde; Humans; Interferon-beta; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mitogens; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes; Thymidine | 1997 |
Pharmacodynamics of formaldehyde: applications of a model for the arrest of DNA replication by DNA-protein cross-links.
Topics: Animals; DNA; DNA Replication; Formaldehyde; Macaca mulatta; Male; Models, Biological; Nasal Mucosa; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Risk Assessment; Thymidine | 1999 |
FRACTIONATION OF DNA. II. PARTIAL STRAND SEPARATION AS A BASIS OF FRACTIONATION BY COUNTERCURRENT DISTRIBUTION.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Carbon Isotopes; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Countercurrent Distribution; DNA; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Formaldehyde; Hot Temperature; Liver; Nucleosides; Research; Thymidine; Tritium; Ultracentrifugation | 1964 |
Structural characterization of formaldehyde-induced cross-links between amino acids and deoxynucleosides and their oligomers.
Topics: Amino Acids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cross-Linking Reagents; Deoxyadenosines; Deoxycytidine; Deoxyguanosine; Formaldehyde; Formic Acid Esters; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Nucleosides; Oligonucleotides; Oligopeptides; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Thymidine | 2010 |