Page last updated: 2024-08-17

ethinyl estradiol and bilirubin

ethinyl estradiol has been researched along with bilirubin in 39 studies

Research

Studies (39)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	24 (61.54)	18.7374
1990's	7 (17.95)	18.2507
2000's	4 (10.26)	29.6817
2010's	4 (10.26)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Strassburg, CP; Tukey, RH	1
Choi, SS; Contrera, JF; Hastings, KL; Kruhlak, NL; Sancilio, LF; Weaver, JL; Willard, JM	1
Glen, RC; Lowe, R; Mitchell, JB	1
Frezza, M; Parco, S; Piccinini, C; Tiribelli, C	1
Akpowowo, HE; Brügmann, E; Göretzlehner, G; Töwe, J	1
Berk, PD; Javitt, NB	1
Kohler, P; Leis, D; Zach, H	1
Brügmann, E; Göretzlehner, G; Rehpenning, W; Töwe, J	1
Hall, PE; Holck, S; Loke, DF; Ng, CS; Ratnam, SS	1
Haeberli, A; Inauen, W; Stocker, G; Straub, PW	1
Lafaurie, C; Liu, HF; Magdalou, J; Nicolas, A; Siest, G	1
Falsetti, L; Galbignani, E	1
Arias, IM; Simon, FR	1
Brohult, J; Westgren, A	1
Beermann, B; Ericsson, JL; Hellström, K; Wengle, B; Werner, B	1
Cam, J; Hargreaves, T; Piper, RF	1
Heikel, TA; Lathe, GH	1
Eisalo, A; Heino, A; Räsänen, V	1
Pihl, E; Rais, O; Zeuchner, E	1
Jeffries, GH; Kreek, MJ; Sleisenger, MH	1
Jeffries, GH; Kreek, MJ; Sleisenger, MH; Weser, E	1
Coleman, R; Elias, E; Hickey, A; Iqbal, S; Knutton, S	1
Elson, MK; Goodman, M; Knodell, RG; Shafer, RB; Stanley, LN	1
Keeffe, EB; Lieberman, DA; Stenzel, P	1
Brenner, PF; de Quattro, V; Dozono-Takano, R; Eide, I; Gray, G; Mishell, DR; Roy, S; Shaw, ST	1
Dworken, HJ; Leseman, RF	1
Bressler, R; Christian, CD; Dickerson, J	1
Eckfeldt, J; Levitt, MD; Pieper-Bigelow, C	1
Ciotti, M; Owens, IS	1
Havinga, R; Jansen, PL; Koopen, NR; Kuipers, F; Müller, M; Vonk, RJ; Wolters, H	1
EISALO, A; JAERVINEN, PA; LUUKKAINEN, T	2
CARLSTROEM, H; HOEGLUND, S; REIZENSTEIN, P	1
Ali, SY; Smith, PC; Tallman, MN; Wen, Z	1
Bobrowska, K; Durlik, M; Jabiry-Zieniewicz, Z; Kaminski, P; Pazik, J; Pietrzak, B; Wielgos, M	1
Hussein, MA	1
Elgadi, M; Huang, F; Lang, B; Sabo, JP	1
Cerny, D; Dolezelova, E; Farghali, H; Fuksa, L; Lenicek, M; Micuda, S; Muchova, L; Suk, J; Vanova, K; Vitek, L; Vreman, HJ; Wong, RJ; Zelenkova, M	1

Reviews

2 review(s) available for ethinyl estradiol and bilirubin

Article	Year
Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease. Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, 2000, Volume: 40 Topics: Autoimmunity; Chromosome Mapping; Glucuronides; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Neoplasms; Steroids; Terminology as Topic	2000
Hyperbilirubinemia and cholestasis. The American journal of medicine, 1978, Volume: 64, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Bilirubin; Binding Sites; Cholestasis; Ethinyl Estradiol; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Liver; Protein Binding; Proteins; Syndrome	1978

Trials

7 trial(s) available for ethinyl estradiol and bilirubin

Article	Year
[Comparative high rising dose study of oral 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2), estriol (E3), and parenteral 16-alpha-17-beta-estrioldihemisuccinate (E3-suc) in their effects on serum levels of glutamate transaminase (GOT), pyruvate transaminase (GPT), leuci Archives of gynecology, 1978, Dec-29, Volume: 226, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Castration; Estriol; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Middle Aged	1978
Lipid and biochemical changes after low-dose oral contraception. Contraception, 1992, Volume: 46, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Proteins; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Double-Blind Method; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Levonorgestrel; Norethindrone; Parity; Time Factors; Triglycerides	1992
Effects of low and high dose oral contraceptives on blood coagulation and thrombogenesis induced by vascular subendothelium exposed to flowing human blood. Contraception, 1991, Volume: 43, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Antithrombin III; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Blood Cell Count; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Blood Vessels; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Creatinine; Desogestrel; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; Norpregnenes; Partial Thromboplastin Time; Prothrombin Time; Rabbits; Thrombin Time	1991
A randomized double-blind study of the effects of two low-dose combined oral contraceptives on biochemical aspects. Report from a seven-centred study. WHO Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction. Task force o Contraception, 1985, Volume: 32, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Blood Glucose; Blood Proteins; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Clinical Trials as Topic; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Double-Blind Method; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Humans; Levonorgestrel; Norethindrone; Norgestrel; Random Allocation; Serum Albumin; Triglycerides	1985
Liver reaction in connection with oral contraceptive steroids. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 1969, Volume: 48, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amenorrhea; Bilirubin; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Clinical Trials as Topic; Contraceptives, Oral; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Jaundice; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Lynestrenol; Mestranol; Middle Aged; Nausea; Norethynodrel; Obesity; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Proteins; Pruritus; Thrombophlebitis	1969
Comparison of metabolic and clinical effects of four oral contraceptive formulations and a contraceptive vaginal ring. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1980, Apr-01, Volume: 136, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Angiotensin II; Antithrombin III; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Cholesterol; Contraceptives, Oral; Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; Drug Combinations; Estradiol; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Fibrinogen; Humans; Levonorgestrel; Mestranol; Norethindrone; Norgestrel; Thromboembolism; Transcortin; Triglycerides	1980
Effect of the hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor faldaprevir on the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel in healthy female volunteers. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2015, Volume: 59, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Area Under Curve; Bilirubin; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Leucine; Levonorgestrel; Oligopeptides; Proline; Protease Inhibitors; Quinolines; Thiazoles; Viral Nonstructural Proteins; Young Adult	2015

Other Studies

30 other study(ies) available for ethinyl estradiol and bilirubin

Article	Year
Development of a phospholipidosis database and predictive quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. Toxicology mechanisms and methods, 2008, Volume: 18, Issue:2-3 Topics:	2008
Predicting phospholipidosis using machine learning. Molecular pharmaceutics, 2010, Oct-04, Volume: 7, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Artificial Intelligence; Databases, Factual; Drug Discovery; Humans; Lipidoses; Models, Biological; Phospholipids; Support Vector Machine	2010
[Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity in steroid-induced cholestasis in the rat]. Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale, 1977, Oct-30, Volume: 53, Issue:20 Topics: Animals; Bilirubin; Cholestasis; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Liver; Methyltestosterone; Rats	1977
[Liver function tests under the influence of sequential treatment using ethinyl estradiol-norethisterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol-chlormadinone acetate]. Zentralblatt fur Gynakologie, 1976, Volume: 98, Issue:19 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bilirubin; Chlormadinone Acetate; Cholesterol; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Humans; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Norethindrone; Transaminases	1976
[Liver function tests after a 6-month deposiston therapy]. Zentralblatt fur Gynakologie, 1975, Volume: 97, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amylases; Bilirubin; Blood Proteins; Cholesterol; Contraception; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Humans; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Norethindrone; Thymol; Transaminases	1975
Oral contraceptives stimulate the excretion of clofibric acid glucuronide in women and female rats. General pharmacology, 1991, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Animals; Bilirubin; Clofibric Acid; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Isoenzymes; Liver; Microsomes, Liver; Middle Aged; Norethindrone; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains	1991
Long-term treatment with the combination ethinylestradiol and cyproterone acetate in polycystic ovary syndrome. Contraception, 1990, Volume: 42, Issue:6 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Analysis of Variance; Androgen Antagonists; Androstenedione; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Cyproterone; Cyproterone Acetate; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Drug Combinations; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Hirsutism; Humans; Liver; Luteinizing Hormone; Ovary; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Prolactin; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; Testosterone; Triglycerides	1990
Alteration of bile canalicular enzymes in cholestasis. A possible cause of bile secretory failure. The Journal of clinical investigation, 1973, Volume: 52, Issue:4 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bile; Bilirubin; Biological Transport; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cell Membrane; Cholestasis; Cholesterol; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Ethinyl Estradiol; Kinetics; Ligation; Liver; Magnesium; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Neuraminic Acids; Nucleotidases; Phospholipids; Rats	1973
Transient cholestasis during treatment with ajmaline, and chronic xanthomatous cholestasis after administration of ajmaline, methyltestosterone and ethinylestradiol. Two case reports. Acta medica Scandinavica, 1971, Volume: 190, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Ajmaline; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Bilirubin; Cholestasis; Chronic Disease; Drug Synergism; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Humans; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Male; Methyltestosterone; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Plants, Medicinal; Rauwolfia	1971
Effect of oral contraceptives on glucuronyl transferase. Nature: New biology, 1971, Nov-24, Volume: 234, Issue:47 Topics: Animals; Bilirubin; Contraceptives, Oral; Estrogens; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethynodiol Diacetate; Glucuronates; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Lynestrenol; Megestrol; Mestranol; Norethindrone; Norethynodrel; Phenols; Progestins; Rats; Transferases	1971
The effect of oral contraceptive steroids on bile secretion and bilirubin Tm in rats. British journal of pharmacology, 1970, Volume: 38, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Bile; Bilirubin; Contraceptives, Oral; Depression, Chemical; Estradiol; Estrogens; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Liver; Mestranol; Nandrolone; Progestins; Rats; Secretory Rate	1970
Oestrogen, proestogen and liver function tests. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 1968, Volume: 47, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bilirubin; Cholesterol; Contraceptives, Oral; Drug Synergism; Estrogens; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Humans; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Lynestrenol; Megestrol; Mestranol; Methods; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Progestins; Prothrombin Time; Sulfobromophthalein; Thymol; Time Factors; Transaminases	1968
Functional and morphological liver changes in women taking oral contraceptives. A clinical and ultrastructural study with special reference to the occurrence of cholestasis. Acta chirurgica Scandinavica, 1968, Volume: 134, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Biopsy; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholangiography; Cholelithiasis; Cholestasis; Contraceptives, Oral; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Gallstones; Humans; Male; Mestranol; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mitochondria, Liver; Norethindrone; Pregnancy	1968
Recurrent cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy with demonstrated estrogen sensitivity. The American journal of medicine, 1967, Volume: 43, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Cholestasis; Cholesterol; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Humans; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Menorrhagia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prothrombin Time; Serum Globulins; Sulfobromophthalein	1967
Idiopathic cholestasis of pregnancy. The response to challenge with the synthetic estrogen, ethinyl estradiol. The New England journal of medicine, 1967, Dec-28, Volume: 277, Issue:26 Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bilirubin; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Humans; Jaundice; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Liver Function Tests; Nucleotidases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pruritus; Sulfobromophthalein	1967
Increased tight junction permeability: a possible mechanism of oestrogen cholestasis. European journal of clinical investigation, 1983, Volume: 13, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Bile; Bile Acids and Salts; Bile Canaliculi; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Bilirubin; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cholestasis; Ethinyl Estradiol; Intercellular Junctions; Inulin; Male; Phenolphthalein; Phenolphthaleins; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sucrose; Sulfobromophthalein	1983
Effect of cholestasis on hepatic transport of 99mtechnetium p-isopropyl-iminodiacetic acid. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 1984, Volume: 104, Issue:4 Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bilirubin; Biological Transport; Cholestasis; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Ethinyl Estradiol; Imino Acids; Liver; Male; Organotechnetium Compounds; Rats; Technetium	1984
Severe and prolonged oral contraceptive jaundice. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 1984, Volume: 6, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Biopsy; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Contraceptives, Oral; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination; Female; Humans; Jaundice; Liver; Norgestrel; Time Factors	1984
'Cyclic hepatitis' in a young woman. Case presentation. Hospital practice (Office ed.), 1981, Volume: 16, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Contraceptives, Oral; Contraceptives, Oral, Sequential; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Humans; Norethindrone; Norethindrone Acetate	1981
Liver function tests and low-dose estrogen oral contraceptives. Contraception, 1980, Volume: 22, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Blood Proteins; Contraceptives, Oral; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Function Tests; Norethindrone; Prothrombin Time; Serum Albumin; Uterine Hemorrhage	1980
Sensitivity of HPLC and conventional bilirubin measurements in the detection of early cholestasis. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 1995, Volume: 125, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Bile Ducts; Bilirubin; Cholestasis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cyclosporine; Ethinyl Estradiol; Guinea Pigs; Ligation; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sensitivity and Specificity	1995
Evidence for overlapping active sites for 17 alpha-ethynlestradiol and bilirubin in the human major bilirubin UDPglucuronosyltransferase. Biochemistry, 1996, Aug-06, Volume: 35, Issue:31 Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Bilirubin; Binding Sites; Cell Line; Chlorocebus aethiops; DNA Primers; Ethinyl Estradiol; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Point Mutation; Recombinant Proteins; Substrate Specificity; Transfection	1996
Impaired activity of the bile canalicular organic anion transporter (Mrp2/cmoat) is not the main cause of ethinylestradiol-induced cholestasis in the rat. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 1998, Volume: 27, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Anion Transport Proteins; Bile; Bile Acids and Salts; Bilirubin; Blotting, Western; Body Weight; Carrier Proteins; Cell Membrane; Cholestasis; Estradiol Congeners; Ethinyl Estradiol; Lipids; Liver; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Organ Size; Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent; Rats; Rats, Mutant Strains; Rats, Wistar; Symporters; Time Factors	1998
HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT DURING THE INTAKE OF CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS: CLINICAL TRIAL WITH POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN. British medical journal, 1964, Aug-15, Volume: 2, Issue:5406 Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Biomedical Research; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptives, Oral; D-Alanine Transaminase; Ethinyl Estradiol; Hepatitis; Liver Function Tests; Postmenopause; Progestins; Sulfobromophthalein; Toxicology	1964
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES AND LIVER DAMAGE. British medical journal, 1965, Apr-10, Volume: 1, Issue:5440 Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Bilirubin; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptives, Oral; Drug Hypersensitivity; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Liver Function Tests; Norethindrone; Toxicology	1965
LIVER-FUNCTION TESTS DURING INTAKE OF CONTRACEPTIVE TABLETS IN PRE-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN. British medical journal, 1965, May-29, Volume: 1, Issue:5447 Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Blood; Climacteric; Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptives, Oral; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Humans; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Lynestrenol; Megestrol; Menopause; Mestranol; Pharmacology; Premenopause; Tablets; Thymol; Toxicology	1965
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 is the principal enzyme responsible for etoposide glucuronidation in human liver and intestinal microsomes: structural characterization of phenolic and alcoholic glucuronides of etoposide and estimation of enzyme kinetics. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 2007, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Alcohols; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Bilirubin; Estradiol; Ethinyl Estradiol; Etoposide; Glucuronides; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Kinetics; Liver; Microsomes; Phenols	2007
Oral and transdermal hormonal contraception in women after kidney transplantation. Transplantation proceedings, 2007, Volume: 39, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Bilirubin; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Creatinine; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Combinations; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Fertility; Hematocrit; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Norgestrel; Oximes	2007
Prophylactic effect of resveratrol against ethinylestradiol-induced liver cholestasis. Journal of medicinal food, 2013, Volume: 16, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Bile Acids and Salts; Bilirubin; Cholestasis; Cholesterol; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Hepatocytes; Liver; Liver Diseases; Malondialdehyde; Nitric Oxide; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Resveratrol; Stilbenes; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha	2013
Protective effect of heme oxygenase induction in ethinylestradiol-induced cholestasis. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2015, Volume: 19, Issue:5 Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Bile Acids and Salts; Bilirubin; Cells, Cultured; Cholestasis; Enzyme Induction; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Gene Expression; Heme; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); Hepatocytes; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins; Primary Cell Culture; Protective Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Taurocholic Acid	2015