epiglucan and lysophosphatidic-acid

Emerging evidence indicates that innate immunodeficiency syndromes are linked to mutations in innate receptors and to specific infections. X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type-2 (XLP-2) is associated with deficiency in X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), with poorly understood molecular mechanisms. Here we showed that XIAP deficiency selectively impaired B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 10 (BCL10)-mediated innate responses to dectin-1 ligands but did not affect responses to various Toll-like receptor agonists. Consequently, Xiap(-/-) mice became highly vulnerable on Candida albicans infection. The compromised early innate responses led to the persistent presence of C albicans and inflammatory cytokines in Xiap(-/-) mice. Furthermore, priming of Xiap(-/-) mice with the dectin-1 ligand curdlan alone resulted in XLP-2-like syndromes. Restoration of dectin-1-induced Rac1 activation and phagocytosis by resolvin D1, but not up-regulation of nuclear factor-κB, rescued Xiap(-/-) mice from C albicans lethal infection. Therefore, development of XLP-2 in XIAP-deficient patients could be partly due to sustained inflammation as a consequence of defective BCL10-dependent innate immunity toward specific pathogens. Importantly, our results suggest the potential therapeutic value of resolvin D1 in the treatment of XLP-2 and innate immunodeficiency syndromes.

Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Animals; B-Cell CLL-Lymphoma 10 Protein; beta-Glucans; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; ErbB Receptors; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked; Humans; Imidazoles; Immunity, Innate; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; Lectins, C-Type; Lipopeptides; Lipopolysaccharides; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Lysine; Lysophospholipids; Macrophages; Mice; NF-kappa B; Phagocytosis; Poly I-C; Protein Binding; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Toll-Like Receptors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ubiquitination