epiglucan and 1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

Ferulic acid (FA) is an effective chemopreventive and therapeutic agent for colorectal cancer. However, FA cannot stably reach the colon through human digestive system, and it can be grafted into oligosaccharides to improve its digestion stability. Therefore, in this study, different degrees of substitution of feruloylated oat β-glucan (FA-OβG) were prepared by grafting FA onto water soluble oat β-glucan. FA grafting changed the crystallinity and surface morphology of OβG, and the thermal stability of the FA-OβG improved. As the DS increased, the antioxidant activity of FA-OβG increased, and FA-OβG III with DS of 0.184 showed the same antioxidant activities compared to the equal amount of free FA. The FA-OβG showed higher stability under gastrointestinal and colonic conditions than free FA. Furthermore, the FA-OβG conjugates exhibited good in vitro anticancer activity against human colorectal cancer cells, while FA-OβG III showed better anticancer activity than an equal amount of free FA.

Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; beta-Glucans; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Proliferation; Colon; Coumaric Acids; Feces; Female; Fermentation; Gastric Juice; HCT116 Cells; Humans; Intestinal Secretions; Male; Picrates; Sulfonic Acids; Surface Properties; Young Adult

An endo-β-1,3(4)-glucanase AnENG16A from Aspergillus nidulans shows distinctive catalytic features for hydrolysis of β-glucans. AnENG16A hydrolyzed Eisenia bicyclis laminarin to mainly generate 3-O-β-gentiobiosyl-d-glucose and hydrolyzed barley β-glucan to mainly produce 3-O-β-cellobiosyl-d-glucose. Using molecular exclusion chromatography, we isolated and purified 3-O-β-cellobiosyl-d-glucose and 3-O-β-gentiobiosyl-d-glucose, respectively, from AnENG16A-hydrolysate of barley β-glucan and E. bicyclis laminarin. Further study reveals that 3-O-β-cellobiosyl-d-glucose had 8.99-fold higher antioxidant activity than barley β-glucan and 3-O-β-gentiobiosyl-d-glucose exhibited 43.0% higher antioxidant activity than E. bicyclis laminarin. Notably, 3-O-β-cellobiosyl-d-glucose and 3-O-β-gentiobiosyl-d-glucose exhibited 148.9% and 116.0% higher antioxidant activity than laminaritriose, respectively, indicating that β-1,4-linkage or -1,6-linkage at non-reducing end of β-glucotrioses had enhancing effect on antioxidant activity compared to β-1,3-linkage. Furthermore, 3-O-β-cellobiosyl-d-glucose showed 237.9% higher antioxidant activity than cellotriose, and laminarin showed 5.06-fold higher antioxidant activity than barley β-glucan, indicating that β-1,4-linkage at reducing end of β-glucans or oligosaccharides resulted in decrease of antioxidant activity compared to β-1,3-linkage.

Topics: Antioxidants; Aspergillus nidulans; beta-Glucans; Biphenyl Compounds; Catalysis; Cellobiose; Glucan Endo-1,3-beta-D-Glucosidase; Glucans; Glucose; Hordeum; Hydrolysis; Molecular Structure; Picrates; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity

In this study, the response surface methodology was used to optimize the reaction conditions of carboxymethylated modification of Qingke β-glucans (QG), and effects of different degrees of carboxymethylation (high, medium, and low) on their structural characteristics, in vitro antioxidant activities, and in vitro hypolipidemic activities were studied. The optimal reaction conditions of carboxymethylated Qingke β-glucans (QG-Cs) with high degree of carboxymethylation (DC = 0.90) were as follows: reaction temperature of 62.1 °C, reaction time of 3.29 h, and concentration of chloroacetic acid of 1.75 mol/L. Results demonstrated that the carboxymethylated modification significantly affected the solubilities, molar ratios of constituent monosaccharides, molecular weights, and apparent viscosities of QG. Indeed, the QG-Cs exhibited much higher antioxidant activities (reducing powers, NO, and DPPH radical scavenging activities), in vitro binding properties (fat, bile acid, and cholesterol binding capacities), and pancreatic lipase inhibition activities than that of QG. Furthermore, results showed that bioactivities of QG-Cs were closely correlated to their carboxymethyl groups. Results suggested that the carboxymethylated modification could be an efficient method for enhancing bioactivities of QG, and QG-Cs had good potential applications in bio-pharmaceutical industry.

Topics: Antioxidants; beta-Glucans; Biphenyl Compounds; Chemical Phenomena; Enzyme Inhibitors; Free Radical Scavengers; Hordeum; Lipase; Methylation; Molecular Weight; Monosaccharides; Nitric Oxide; Oxidation-Reduction; Pancreas; Picrates; Regression Analysis; Solubility; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Viscosity

Myricetin (Myr) is a phytochemical with many functional properties. However, its hydrophobicity, low bioavailability, and stability limit its application. In this study, octadecanoate oat β-glucan (OGE) was synthesized and gained recognition as a self-assembled micelle forming a polymer with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 59.4 μg/mL. The Myr-loaded OGE micelle was then prepared and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra. The water solubility of Myr was greatly enhanced by forming the Myr/OGE inclusion complex. Consequently, compared to free Myr, the retention of Myr in Myr-loaded OGE micelle was effectively increased during the intestinal digestion phase, and its antioxidant activity was also improved. Overall, our findings demonstrated the potential applications of OGE polymer for the development of prospective micelle in health food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical fields because they can aid in the delivery of hydrophobic functional compounds like Myr.

Topics: Antioxidants; beta-Glucans; Biomimetic Materials; Biphenyl Compounds; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Flavonoids; Gastric Juice; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Hydroxyl Radical; Micelles; Molecular Structure; Picrates; Solubility; Water

Microalgae have strong potential as novel sources of nutraceuticals, as they contain significant amounts of highly valuable bioactive compounds. This study focuses on the bioprospection of biomass of the microalga Isochrysis galbana and its extracts (aqueous and ethanolic), determining total polyphenols, laminarin, fucoxanthin, coenzyme Q10, and β-carotene contents, and also assessing several biological activities (antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and hypocholesterolemic). I. galbana exhibited high phenolic content, both in aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The microalgal freeze-dried biomass presented a low laminarin content and higher content of fucoxanthin (6.10 mg per g dw), and relevant β-carotene and Coenzyme Q10 contents were detected. I. galbana aqueous extracts presented a high antioxidant capacity (approximately 90% inhibition by the ABTS method). Furthermore, I. galbana biomass and ethanolic extract showed significant cytotoxicity against HeLa human cervical cancer cells, with IC

Topics: beta Carotene; beta-Glucans; Biphenyl Compounds; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Survival; Cholesterol; Dietary Supplements; Free Radical Scavengers; Haptophyta; Humans; Microalgae; Picrates; Polyphenols; Ubiquinone; Xanthophylls

Free, soluble conjugated, and insoluble bound phenolic acids and some of the main antioxidant phytochemicals (i.e., total polyphenols, proanthocyanidins, carotenoids) were investigated in 20 genotypes of colored barley. These included 16F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) obtained from crosses of four parental lines: '2005 FG', 'K4-31, 'L94', and 'Priora'. The aim of this work was these to promote the introduction of new barley genotypes with high contents of such natural antioxidants, and of dietary fiber. These new genotypes will enlarge the market of novel functional foods. Large variations were seen in the contents of phytochemicals and β-glucans across these barley genotypes. The highest protein (14.4%) and β-glucan (4.6%) contents were in the blue naked parental genotype '2005 FG'. Overall, insoluble bound phenolic acids represented 88.3% of the total phenolic acids, and ferulic acid was the main conjugated phenolic acid. Salicylic and gallic acids were the most represented among the free phenolic acids, with no p-coumaric and cinnamic acids detected. Total polyphenols and proanthocyanidins were highest in the RILs '3009' (2917 μg g

Topics: Antioxidants; beta-Glucans; Biphenyl Compounds; Carotenoids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Flavonoids; Hordeum; Hydroxybenzoates; Italy; Phytochemicals; Picrates; Plant Extracts

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of γ-irradiation (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 & 50kGy) on the structural, functional, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of yeast β-d-glucan. The samples were characterized by ATR-FTIR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and the thermal properties were studied using DSC. There was a decrease in the average molecular weight of β-d-glucan as the irradiation dose increased. The functional properties of irradiated yeast β-d-glucan were largely influenced by the action of gamma radiation like swelling power and viscosity decreases with increase in the irradiation dose while as fat binding capacity, emulsifying properties, foaming properties and bile acid binding capacity shows an increasing trend. All the antioxidant properties carried out using six different assays increased significantly (p≤0.05) in a dose dependent manner. The antibacterial activity of yeast β-d-glucan also showed an increasing trend with increase in the irradiation dose from 5 to 50kDa.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Bacteria; beta-Glucans; Bile Acids and Salts; Biphenyl Compounds; DNA Damage; Gamma Rays; Iron; Iron Chelating Agents; Lipid Peroxidation; Molecular Weight; Oxidation-Reduction; Picrates; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Temperature; Viscosity

This paper reports the characterization and potential antioxidant activity of β-D-glucan isolated from barley treated with γ-rays. The β-D-glucan was irradiated with 0, 2, 4 and 8 kGy by gamma ray. The samples were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and quantitative estimation by Megazyme β-D-glucan assay kit. The average molecular weight of non-irradiated β-D-glucan was 177 kDa that decreased to 79 kDa at 8 kGy. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by five complementary assays including DPPH, lipid peroxidation, reducing power, metal chelating ability and oxidative DNA damage assays. Further, the antiproliferative potential of irradiated β-D-glucan was tested against three human cancer cell lines including Colo-205, T47D and MCF7 using MTT assay. Irradiated β-D-glucan exhibited dose dependent cancer cell growth inhibition. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that irradiation leads to the formation of low molecular weight β-D-glucan with enhanced antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.

Topics: Antioxidants; beta-Glucans; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Dietary Supplements; DNA Damage; Free Radical Scavengers; Gamma Rays; Hordeum; Humans; Iron Chelating Agents; Lipid Peroxidation; Molecular Weight; Oxidation-Reduction; Picrates; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Viscosity

The objective of this study was to quantify a number of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus. Ostreatus, and characterize the effects of processing, such as blanching, on these outcomes. Dry matter content was 8%. Lovastatin was not detected in this study. β-glucan content of 23.9% and total polyphenol content of 487.12 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g of dry matter were obtained in raw P. ostreatus. Antioxidant activities as evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays in raw P. ostreatus were 14.46, 16.51, and 11.21 µmol/g, respectively. Blanching did not significantly affect β-glucan content but caused significant decrease in dry matter content, polyphenol content, and antioxidant activities. Mushroom rolls produced from blanched mushrooms and blanching water contained significantly higher amounts of β-glucan, total polyphenol content, and FRAP antioxidant activity compared to blanched mushrooms. In conclusion, P. ostreatus is a good source for β-glucan, dietary polyphenols, and antioxidants. Although the blanching process could affect these properties, re-addition of the blanching water during the production process of mushroom rolls could potentially recover these properties and is therefore recommended.

Topics: Agaricales; Antioxidants; beta-Glucans; Biological Products; Biphenyl Compounds; Fungal Polysaccharides; Lovastatin; Oxidation-Reduction; Picrates; Pleurotus; Polyphenols