enkephalin, leucine has been researched along with preproenkephalin in 1255 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 199 (15.86) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 469 (37.37) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 354 (28.21) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 206 (16.41) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 27 (2.15) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Branch, AD; Kreek, MJ; Lee, SE; Unterwald, EM | 1 |
| Claycomb, WC; Springhorn, JP | 2 |
| Di Giulio, AM; Donadoni, ML; Finco, C; Germani, E; Gorio, A; Malosio, ML; Mantegazza, P; Tenconi, B | 1 |
| Lotz, M; Villiger, PM | 1 |
| Pollack, AE; Wooten, GF | 2 |
| Höllt, V; Nikolorakis, KE; Reimer, S; Sirinathsinghji, DJ | 1 |
| Heavens, RP; Matthews, SG; Sirinathsinghji, DJ | 1 |
| Agarwal, BL; DeCristofaro, JD; La Gamma, EF | 1 |
| Bhat, AN; Bhat, NR; Kindy, MS | 1 |
| Donovan, DM; Takemura, M; Uhl, GR | 1 |
| Childers, SR; Fleming, L; Konkoy, C; Marckel, D; Pacheco, M; Sexton, T; Ward, S | 1 |
| Bardin, CW; Fujisawa, M; Morris, PL | 1 |
| Gall, CM; White, JD; Yount, GL | 1 |
| Bloch, B; Fournier, MC; Jaber, M | 1 |
| Casey, G; Gubits, RM; Munell, F; Vitek, MP; Yu, H | 1 |
| Ahima, RS; Garcia, MM; Harlan, RE | 1 |
| Ho, J; Hong, JS; Lee, PH; Suh, H; Thai, L | 1 |
| Curry, TE; Douglass, J; Kaynard, AH; McMurray, CT; Melner, MH | 1 |
| Lasoń, W; Przewłocka, B; Przewłocki, R | 7 |
| Gravanis, A; Makrigiannakis, A; Margioris, AN; Markogiannakis, E | 1 |
| Edwards, E; Hartnick, C; Henn, FA; Lachman, HM; Papolos, DF; Ramazankhana, R; Weiner, ED | 1 |
| Haber, SN; Lu, W | 2 |
| Summar, ML | 1 |
| Bieck, PR; Eiring, A; Howells, RD; Manier, DH; Sulser, F | 1 |
| Branch, AD; Franklin, SO; Huang, TH; Inturrisi, CE; Robertson, HD; Zhu, YS | 1 |
| Brannock, MT; Donovan, DM; O'Hara, BF; Takemura, M; Uhl, GR | 1 |
| Hylden, JL; Noguchi, K; Ruda, MA | 1 |
| Besnard, F; Bigornia, V; Bishop, JM; Brenner, M; Deschepper, CF; Radany, EH | 1 |
| Beckstead, RM; Somers, DL | 2 |
| Holloway, MP; La Gamma, EF | 1 |
| Brooks, PJ; Funabashi, T; Mobbs, CV; Pfaff, DW; Pfaus, JG | 1 |
| Andrews, N; File, SE; Rattray, M; Singhvi, S; Wu, PY | 1 |
| Björklund, A; Campbell, K; Wictorin, K | 1 |
| Bélichard, P; Brakier-Gingras, L; Dumont, M; Lemaire, S; Paradis, P; Rouleau, JL | 1 |
| Kaynard, AH; Low, KG; Melner, MH | 1 |
| Maor, GI; Matlina, E; McEwen, BS; Rosen, H; Weinstock, M | 1 |
| Fuentes, JA; Iglesias, T; Montero, S; Otero, MJ; Parra, L | 1 |
| Douglass, J; McMurray, CT; Pollock, KM | 1 |
| DeCristofaro, JD; LaGamma, EF; Weisinger, G | 3 |
| Dubner, R; Noguchi, K; Ruda, MA | 1 |
| Hook, VY; Toomim, CS | 1 |
| Docter, GJ; Voorn, P | 1 |
| Durkin, RC; Holloway, MP; La Gamma, EF; Weisinger, G | 1 |
| Coenen, AM; Lasoń, W; Przewłocka, B; Przewłocki, R; Van Luijtelaar, EL | 1 |
| Chesselet, MF; Mercugliano, M | 1 |
| Augood, SJ; Emson, PC | 2 |
| Chao, HM; McEwen, BS | 2 |
| Agoston, DV; Brenneman, DE; Eiden, LE | 1 |
| Höllt, V; Reimer, S | 1 |
| Branch, AD; Franklin, SO; Inturrisi, CE; Robertson, HD; Yoburn, BC; Zhu, YS | 1 |
| Ponomariev, D; Sarkisyan, RA; Terenius, L | 1 |
| Bayliss, DA; Czyzyk-Krzeska, MF; Lawson, EE; Millhorn, DE | 1 |
| Bergh, J; Geijer, T; Terenius, L | 1 |
| Hong, JS; Lee, PH; McGinty, JF; Mitchell, CL; Xie, CW | 1 |
| Neal, CR; Newman, SW | 2 |
| Franklin, SO; Inturrisi, CE; Yoburn, BC; Zhu, YS | 1 |
| Batter, DK; Kessler, JA | 1 |
| Aloyo, VJ | 1 |
| Bernard, V; Bloch, B; Le Moine, C | 1 |
| Ryan, AF; Simmons, DM; Swanson, LW; Watts, AG | 1 |
| Douglass, JO; Garrett, JE; Hong, JS; Iadarola, MJ; McMurray, CT | 1 |
| Dores, RM; Joss, JM; McDonald, LK | 1 |
| Ferri, S; Lesa, G; Romualdi, P | 3 |
| Isayama, T; Zagon, IS | 1 |
| Baldino, F; Grega, D; Lewis, ME; Meyer, SL; Robbins, E; Roberts-Lewis, JM | 1 |
| Brakier-Gingras, L; Dumont, M; Lemaire, S; Ouellette, M | 2 |
| Besson, MJ; Caboche, J; Julien, JF; Mallet, J; Rogard, M; Vernier, P | 1 |
| Cohen, BM; Hyman, SE; Nguyen, TV | 1 |
| Albin, RL; Chesselet, MF; Penney, JB; Qin, Y; Young, AB | 1 |
| Douglass, J; Grimes, L; Hong, JS; Lee, PH; Shook, J | 1 |
| Douglass, J | 1 |
| Kuis, W; Leser, HG; Lotz, M; Villiger, PM | 1 |
| Duchemin, AM; Gudehithlu, KP; Hadjiconstantinou, M; Neff, NH; Tejwani, GA | 1 |
| Achaval, M; Mellström, B; Naranjo, JR; Sassone-Corsi, P | 1 |
| Brostedt, P; Kankaanranta, S; Nyberg, F; Silberring, J | 1 |
| Arluison, M; Bourgoin, S; Boyer, PA; Quignon, M; Vankova, M | 1 |
| Biguet, NF; Chaminade, M; Fayada, C; Guibert, B; Leviel, V; Machek, G; Mallet, J | 1 |
| Nyberg, F; Silberring, J | 1 |
| Pittman, QJ; Thornhill, JA | 1 |
| Emmett, MR; Kim, HS; Petrack, B; Rao, TS; Wood, PL | 1 |
| Gannon, RL; Rea, MA; Terrian, DM | 1 |
| Nishimori, T; Uhl, GR | 1 |
| Hong, JS; Mitchell, CL; Xie, CW | 1 |
| Dunnett, SB; Hunt, SP; Morris, BJ; Northrop, A; Sirinathsinghji, DJ; Wisden, W | 1 |
| Akil, H; Day, R; Trujillo, KA | 1 |
| Battey, J; Castiglione, CM; Gravius, TC; Kidd, KK; Maness, KJ; Phillips, JA; Summar, ML; Weiffenbach, B | 1 |
| Dziedzicka, M; Lasoń, W; Przewlocka, B | 1 |
| Baldwin, BA; de la Riva, C; Ebenezer, IS | 1 |
| Akil, H; Collard, MW; Day, R; Schafer, MK; Watson, SJ | 1 |
| Hook, VY; Krieger, TJ | 1 |
| Watts, AG | 1 |
| Kondo, H; Watanabe, M; Yanaihara, N | 1 |
| Buzzi, MG; Chudler, EH; Moskowitz, MA; Nishimori, T; Poletti, CE; Uhl, GR | 1 |
| Giros, B; Llorens-Cortes, C; Quach, TT; Schwartz, JC | 1 |
| Hohmann, AG; Matsumoto, RR; Thompson, LA; Walker, JM | 1 |
| Giros, B; Llorens-Cortes, C; Quach, TT; Schwartz, JC; Van Amsterdam, JG | 1 |
| Abood, ME; Eberwine, JH; Erdelyi, E; Evans, CJ | 1 |
| Monstein, HJ | 1 |
| Akil, H; Collard, MW; Day, R; Douglass, JO; Uhler, MD | 1 |
| Affolter, HU; Hegerle, D; Hook, VY | 1 |
| Shen, FS | 1 |
| Alvarez-Bolado, G; Douglass, J; Fairén, A; Naranjo, JR | 1 |
| Bachetti, T; Canossa, M; Ferri, S; Spampinato, S | 1 |
| Akil, H; Trujillo, KA | 2 |
| Akil, H; Day, R; Schafer, MK; Watson, SJ | 1 |
| Aloyo, VJ; Lewis, ME; Walker, RF | 1 |
| Hironaka, T; Kiyama, H; Morita, Y; Noguchi, K; Sato, M; Tateno, E; Tohyama, M; Zhang, JH | 1 |
| Kessler, JA; Tempel, A; Zukin, RS | 1 |
| Höllt, V; Moneta, ME | 1 |
| Dores, RM; Gorbman, A | 1 |
| Noda, M | 1 |
| Cetin, Y | 2 |
| Civelli, O; Douglass, J; Herbert, E; Sherman, TG; Watson, SJ | 1 |
| Haarmann, I; Herz, A; Höllt, V; Millan, MJ | 1 |
| Fink, T; Gauweiler, B; Leibold, A; Nohr, D; Weihe, E | 1 |
| Haarmann, I; Herz, A; Höllt, V; Nikolarakis, K; Przewłocki, R | 1 |
| Glover, DM; Jackson, S; Lane, DP; Lowry, PJ; Spruce, BA | 1 |
| Calavetta, L; Devi, L; Douglass, JO; McMurray, CT | 1 |
| Gramsch, C; Herz, A; Millan, MJ; Müller, S; Nohr, D; Stein, C; Weihe, E | 1 |
| Hoegler, DB; Liew, CC; Sole, MJ | 1 |
| Neal, CR; Newman, SW; Swann, JM | 1 |
| Bannon, MJ; Chiodo, LA; Kelland, M | 1 |
| Coffman, RL; Mosmann, TR | 1 |
| Herz, A; Höllt, V; Morris, BJ | 3 |
| Dores, RM; Richard, R; Sei, CA | 1 |
| Black, IB; La Gamma, EF | 1 |
| Gallagher, M; Hong, JS; Jiang, HK; Owyang, VV | 1 |
| Murphy, R; Steele, PA; Turner, CA | 1 |
| Draisci, G; Iadarola, MJ | 1 |
| Herz, A; Höllt, V; Millan, MJ; Nohr, D; Weihe, E | 1 |
| Collard, MW; Douglass, JO; Garrett, JE | 1 |
| Hong, JS; Sabol, SL; Yoshikawa, K | 2 |
| Hong, JS; Lee, PH; McGinty, JF; Mitchell, CL; Xie, CW; Zhao, D | 1 |
| Buzzi, MG; Moskowitz, MA; Nishimori, T; Uhl, GR | 1 |
| Adelman, JP; Calavetta, L; Douglass, J; Garrett, JE; McMurray, CT | 1 |
| Akil, H; Day, R | 2 |
| Engelhardt, RP | 1 |
| Polakiewicz, R; Rosen, H | 1 |
| Aizawa, T; Maruyama, K; Yamamoto, A; Yoshikawa, K | 1 |
| Bondaruk, J; Gumułka, SW; Izdebski, J; Krzaścik, P | 1 |
| Goldstein, NK; La Gamma, EF; Snyder, JB; Weisinger, G | 1 |
| Kiyama, H; Morita, Y; Noguchi, K; Ono, K; Sato, M; Tohyama, M | 1 |
| Douglass, J; Hong, JS; Lee, PH; Li, SJ; Owyang, V; Takeuchi, K; Xie, CW | 1 |
| Glover, DM; Glynn, BP; Jackson, S; Lowry, PJ; Spruce, BA | 1 |
| Crain, B; Douglass, J; Hong, JS; Lee, PH; Xie, CW | 1 |
| Kwon, BS; Weissman, SM | 1 |
| Lightman, SL; Young, WS | 1 |
| Nohr, D; Schröder, H; Vollrath, L; Weihe, E | 1 |
| Breathnach, R; Matrisian, LM; Rautmann, G | 1 |
| Arai, H; Itoh, H; Morii, N; Mukoyama, M; Nakao, K; Saito, Y; Sakamoto, M; Shiono, S; Sugawara, A; Yamada, T | 3 |
| Kosterlitz, HW; Paterson, SJ | 1 |
| Altschuler, RA; Fex, J; Hoffman, DW; Rubio, JA; Zamir, N | 1 |
| Quirion, R; Zamir, N | 1 |
| Imura, H; Inoue, T; Kabayama, Y; Kato, Y; Matsushita, N; Ohta, H; Shimatsu, A; Tojo, K; Yanaihara, N | 1 |
| Barchas, JD; Böhlen, P; Esch, FS; Evans, CJ; Weber, E | 1 |
| Devi, L; Goldstein, A | 3 |
| Agid, Y; Cesselin, F; Giraud, P; Javoy-Agid, F; Legrand, JC; Taquet, H | 1 |
| Barchas, JD; Evans, CJ; Lorenz, RG | 1 |
| Imura, H; Jingami, H; Kato, Y; Koh, T; Nakai, Y; Nakao, K; Suda, M; Tanaka, I; Tsukada, T; Yoshimasa, T | 1 |
| Akil, H; Dores, RM | 2 |
| Baile, CA; Della-Fera, MA; McLaughlin, CL | 1 |
| Brownstein, MJ; Dawbarn, D; Emson, PC; Hunt, SP; Waters, CM; Zamir, N | 1 |
| Imura, H; Morii, N; Nakao, K; Sakamoto, M; Suda, M; Sugawara, A | 1 |
| Burke, S; Civelli, O; Douglass, J; Herbert, E; Sherman, TG; Watson, SJ | 1 |
| Sabol, SL; Yoshikawa, K | 2 |
| Grimes, L; Hong, JS; Kanamatsu, T; McGinty, JF; Obie, J; Sabol, S; Yoshikawa, K | 1 |
| Cox, BM; Hassen, AH; Molineaux, CJ; Rosenberger, JG | 1 |
| Elde, RP | 1 |
| Civelli, O; Cox, B; Douglass, J; Herbert, E; Quinn, B | 1 |
| Ibayashi, H; Kato, K; Nawata, H; Yanase, T | 1 |
| Breese, GR; Hong, JS; Krause, JE; Mueller, RA; Napier, TC; Sivam, SP | 1 |
| Howlett, TA; Rees, LH | 1 |
| Buroker, NE; Douglass, J; Kondoleon, S; Liston, D; Litt, M; Magenis, RE; Sheehy, R | 1 |
| Herz, A; Leibold, A; Millan, MJ; Nohr, D; Weihe, E | 1 |
| Lindberg, B; Lyrenäs, S; Nyberg, F; Terenius, L | 1 |
| Calvetta, L; Civelli, O; Douglass, J; Herbert, E; Hong, JS; Li, S; McGinty, JF; Sivam, SP; Takeuchi, K | 1 |
| Gall, CM | 1 |
| Civelli, O; Douglass, J; Iadarola, MJ; Naranjo, JR | 1 |
| Douglas, J; Navia, B; Uhl, GR | 1 |
| Ansah-Yiadom, R; Claiborne, BJ; Johnston, D; Rea, MA; Strittmatter, WJ; Terrian, DM | 1 |
| Ibata, Y; Ibuki, T; Miyazaki, M; Okamura, H; Yanaihara, N; Zimmerman, EA | 1 |
| Abrams, JS; Benedik, M; Kamb, BJ; Lee, FD; Zurawski, G; Zurawski, SM | 1 |
| Akil, H; Walker, JM; Watson, SJ; Young, E | 1 |
| Brown, KD; Cherwinski, HM; Mosmann, TR; Schumacher, JH | 1 |
| Ehrenreich, H; Schulz, R | 1 |
| Quirion, R; Segal, M; Zamir, N | 1 |
| Przewłocki, R | 1 |
| Burks, TF; Galligan, JJ; Hirning, LD; Porreca, F | 1 |
| Khachaturian, H; Lewis, ME; Schäfer, MK; Watson, SJ | 1 |
| Akil, H; Civelli, O; Douglass, J; Herbert, E; Khachaturian, H; Lloyd, RV; Sherman, TG; Watson, SJ | 1 |
| Camargo, AC; Metters, KM; Oliveira, EE; Rossier, J; Toffoletto, O | 1 |
| Eigyo, M; Itoh, H; Katsuura, G; Morii, N; Nakao, K; Saito, Y; Sakamoto, M; Shiono, S; Sugawara, A; Yamada, T | 1 |
| Gall, CM; White, JD | 1 |
| Itoh, H; Katsuura, G; Morii, N; Nakao, K; Saito, Y; Sakamoto, M; Shiomi, T; Shiono, S; Sugawara, A; Yamada, T | 1 |
| Black, IB; La Gamma, EF; McKelvy, JF; White, JD | 1 |
| Aizawa, T; Yoshikawa, K | 3 |
| Ryan, JP; Schwartz, JP; Uhl, GR | 1 |
| Herz, A; Höllt, V; Morris, BJ; Reimer, S | 1 |
| Small, DH | 1 |
| Arai, H; Hosoda, K; Itoh, H; Morii, N; Mukoyama, M; Nakao, K; Saito, Y; Shirakami, G; Sugawara, A; Yamada, T | 1 |
| Diliberto, EJ; Hong, JH; Kanamatsu, T; Kizer, JS; Unsworth, CD; Viveros, OH | 1 |
| Yoshikawa, K | 1 |
| Feasey, KJ; Herz, A; Höllt, V; Morris, BJ; ten Bruggencate, G | 1 |
| Altschul, SF; Erickson, BW | 1 |
| Corbett, AD; Kosterlitz, HW; McKnight, AT | 1 |
| Haji, M; Ibayashi, H; Kato, K; Nawata, H; Yanase, T | 2 |
| Kessler, JA; Vaysse, PJ; Vilijn, MH; Zukin, RS | 1 |
| Brakier-Gingras, L; Ouellette, M | 1 |
| Moskowitz, MA; Nishimori, T; Uhl, GR | 1 |
| Bloch, B; Fellmann, D; Normand, E; Popovici, T | 1 |
| Bailey, LC; Howells, RD; Kilpatrick, DL; Noe, M; Udenfriend, S | 2 |
| Phillips, JH; Pryde, JG | 1 |
| Angeletti, RH; Martin, J; Prystowsky, MB | 1 |
| Zheng, M | 1 |
| Benuck, M; Berg, MJ; Marks, N | 1 |
| Goto, Y; Koizumi, M; Shimosegawa, T; Toyota, T; Yanaihara, C; Yanaihara, N | 1 |
| Gall, CM; McKelvy, JF; White, JD | 1 |
| Akaishi, T; Sakuma, Y | 1 |
| Harlan, RE; Howells, RD; Pfaff, DW; Romano, GJ; Shivers, BD | 1 |
| Sonders, M; Weber, E | 1 |
| Devi, L; Douglass, J; Herbert, E | 1 |
| Höllt, V; Moneta, ME; Morris, BJ; ten Bruggencate, G | 1 |
| Griesinger, G; Modelevsky, JL; Norris, F | 1 |
| Hong, JS; Sivam, SP | 1 |
| Bloch, B; Chouham, S; Kowalski, C; Popovici, T | 1 |
| Herbert, E; Hruby, DE; Thomas, G | 1 |
| Haarmann, I; Herz, A; Höllt, V; Kempter, B; Morris, BJ | 1 |
| Dandekar, T; Gramsch, C; Metzner, K; Schulz, R | 1 |
| Baudry, M; Gall, C; Lynch, G | 1 |
| Imura, H; Katsuura, G; Nakamura, M; Nakao, K; Yanaihara, N | 1 |
| Bensch, KG; Hoffman, AR; Roth, KA | 1 |
| Beaumont, A; Hughes, J; Metters, KM; Rossier, J | 1 |
| Bayon, A; Bloom, FE; Chavkin, C; McGinty, JF; Shoemaker, WJ | 1 |
| Bloch, B; de Keyzer, Y; Le Guellec, D | 1 |
| Hong, JS; Kanamatsu, T; Sabol, SL; Yoshikawa, K | 1 |
| Corbett, AD; Kosterlitz, HW; McKnight, AT; Weihe, E | 1 |
| Imura, H; Morii, N; Nakao, K; Numa, S; Sakamoto, M; Suda, M; Yanaihara, N; Yoshimasa, T | 2 |
| Ibata, Y; Imura, H; Okamura, H; Uda, K; Yanaihara, C; Yanaihara, N | 1 |
| Siegel, RE; Young, WS | 1 |
| Civelli, O; Douglass, J; Goldstein, A; Herbert, E | 1 |
| Adler, JE; Black, IB; Krause, JE; LaGamma, EF; McKelvy, JF; White, JD | 1 |
| McGinty, JF | 1 |
| Barchas, JD; Erdelyi, E; Evans, CJ; Hunter, J | 1 |
| Akil, H; Haber, SN; Houghten, RA; Khachaturian, H; Lewis, ME; Watson, SJ | 1 |
| Akil, H; Dores, RM; Watson, SJ | 1 |
| Corbett, AD; Gillan, MG; Kosterlitz, HW; McKnight, AT; Paterson, SJ; Robson, LE | 1 |
| Kakidani, H | 1 |
| Garzón, J; Höllt, V; Lee, NM; Sánchez-Blázquez, P | 1 |
| Hughes, J | 1 |
| Ikeda, Y; Imura, H; Nakao, K; Numa, S; Sakamoto, M; Suda, M; Yanaihara, N; Yoshimasa, T | 1 |
| Bakhit, C; Bloom, FE; Chavkin, C; Weber, E | 1 |
| Basbaum, AI; Fields, HL | 1 |
| Chrétien, M; Seidah, NG | 1 |
| Herz, A; Höllt, V; Seizinger, BR | 1 |
| Ikeda, Y; Imura, H; Morii, N; Nakao, K; Numa, S; Sakamoto, M; Suda, M; Yanaihara, C; Yanaihara, N; Yoshimasa, T | 2 |
| Grimm, C; Herz, A; Liebisch, DC; Seizinger, BR | 1 |
| Gubler, U; Hoffman, BJ | 1 |
| Furutani, Y; Hirose, T; Inayama, S; Nakanishi, S; Noda, M; Numa, S; Takahashi, H; Toyosato, M | 1 |
| Nakanishi, S; Noda, M; Notake, M; Numa, S; Takahashi, H; Teranishi, Y; Toyosato, M | 1 |
| Egawa, M; Imura, H; Katsumaru, Y; Mochizuki, T; Numa, S; Tobe, A; Yamamoto, Y; Yanaihara, C; Yanaihara, N | 1 |
| Ikeda, Y; Imura, H; Nakao, K; Numa, S; Sakamoto, M; Suda, M; Yanaihara, C; Yanaihara, N; Yoshimasa, T | 1 |
| Mishina, M; Numa, S; Terao, M; Watanabe, Y | 1 |
| Akil, H; Khachaturian, H; Lewis, ME; Walker, JM; Watson, SJ; Young, E | 1 |
| Bloom, FE | 1 |
| Imura, H; Jingami, H; Nakanishi, S; Numa, S | 1 |
| Baird, A; Benoit, R; Bloch, B; Guillemin, R; Ling, N | 1 |
| Kimura, S | 1 |
| Imura, H; Kobayashi, S; Mochizuki, T; Shimosegawa, T; Uchida, T; Yanaihara, C; Yanaihara, N | 1 |
| Panula, P; Tarkkanen, A; Tervo, K; Tervo, T | 1 |
| Iwanaga, T; Kondo, H; Kuramoto, H | 1 |
| Eränkö, L; Eränkö, O; Lehtosalo, JI; Panula, P; Ylikoski, J | 1 |
| Basbaum, AI; Guthrie, J | 1 |
| Baird, A; Klepper, R; Ling, N | 1 |
| Kruggel, W; Lewis, RV; Micanovic, R; Ray, P | 1 |
| Hook, VY | 1 |
| Grimm, C; Herz, A; Seizinger, BR | 1 |
| Baird, A; Bloch, B; Bloom, FE; Bohlen, P; Gubler, U; le Guellec, D; Milner, RJ; Reymond, C | 1 |
| Sabol, SL; Williams, C; Yoshikawa, K | 1 |
| Chaminade, M; Cupo, A; Foutz, AS; Giraud, P; Henry, JP; Liston, D; Patey, G; Roisin, MP; Rossier, J; Verbanck, P | 1 |
| Brownstein, M; Palkovits, M; Weber, E; Zamir, N | 1 |
| Fleminger, G; Howells, RD; Kilpatrick, DL; Udenfriend, S | 1 |
| Bhatt, R; Howells, RD; Kilpatrick, DL; Monahan, JJ; Poonian, M; Udenfriend, S | 1 |
| Castanas, E; Giraud, P; Oliver, C; Patey, G; Rossier, J | 1 |
| Garzón, J; Lee, NM; Sánchez-Blázquez, P | 1 |
| Eisen, M; Ezra, E; Kilpatrick, DL; Udenfriend, S | 1 |
| Pankov, IuA; Pozdniakov, VI | 1 |
| Glover, DM; Hughes, J; Legon, S; Lowry, PJ; Rigby, PW; Watson, CJ | 1 |
| Bairoch, A | 1 |
| Daniel, SE; Eve, DJ; Foster, OJ; Kingsbury, A; Lees, AJ; Marsden, CD; Nisbet, AP | 1 |
| Kaczmarek, L; Kamińska, B; Lasoń, W; Lukasiuk, K; Nowicka, DZ; Przewłocka, B; Przewłocki, R | 1 |
| Johnston, HM; Morris, BJ | 2 |
| Geijer, T; Telkov, M; Terenius, L | 2 |
| Bazett-Jones, DP; McMurray, CT; Spiro, C; Wu, X | 1 |
| Churchill, L; Kalivas, PW; Klitenick, MA | 1 |
| Arluison, M; Boyer, PA; Leviel, V; Trembleau, A | 1 |
| Docter, GJ; Jongen-Rêlo, AL; Jonker, AJ; Voorn, P | 1 |
| Bloch, B; Fournier, MC; Jaber, M; Tison, F | 1 |
| Abe, K; Aoki, M; Hida, W; Kikuchi, Y; Kurosawa, H; Mizusawa, A; Ogawa, H | 1 |
| Jenner, P; Jolkkonen, J; Marsden, CD | 1 |
| Herkenham, M; Hurd, YL | 1 |
| Bernard, V; Bloch, B; Lannes, B; Micheletti, G | 1 |
| Margaretten, KT; Ottinger, MA; Rosewell, KL; Weiland, NG; Wise, PM | 1 |
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| de Groat, WC; Glorioso, JC; Goins, WF; Goss, JR; Krisky, DM; Nishizawa, O; Oguchi, T; Wolfe, D; Yokoyama, H; Yoshimura, N | 1 |
| Adan, RA; Alvarez-Crespo, M; Dickson, SL; Diéguez, C; Folgueira, C; González-Touceda, D; Herzog, H; López, M; Nogueiras, R; Romero-Picó, A; Schwarzer, C; Skibicka, KP; Van Gestel, MA; Vázquez, MJ; Velásquez, DA | 1 |
| Goodchild, AK; Kumar, NN; Lonergan, T; Parker, LM | 1 |
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| Darlington, TM; Ehringer, MA; Larson, C; Phang, TL; Radcliffe, RA | 1 |
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| Cheng, L; Huang, T; Qian, H; Xia, G; Xie, Z; Yan, R; Zhao, X | 1 |
| Belkaï, E; Courtin, C; Crété, D; Marie-Claire, C; Noble, F | 1 |
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| Cohen, A; Contet, C; George, O; Kieffer, BL; Koebel, P; Koob, GF; Kreifeldt, M; Whitfield, TW | 1 |
| Burokas, A; Gutiérrez-Cuesta, J; Kummer, S; Maldonado, R; Mancino, S; Martín-García, E | 1 |
| Aguilar, LA; Coveñas, R; Díaz-Cabiale, Z; Manso, B; Medina, LE; Narváez, JA; Sánchez, ML | 1 |
| Bezard, E; Crossman, AR; Ko, WK; Martin-Negrier, ML; Ravenscroft, P | 1 |
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| Chu Sin Chung, P; Faget, L; Gardon, O; Kieffer, BL; Massotte, D; Matifas, A | 1 |
| Cai, R; He, L; Hu, L; Song, X; Wu, Z; Yu, Q; Zhang, C; Zheng, B | 1 |
| DiLeone, RJ; Eggels, L; Fliers, E; Furman, K; Gumbs, MC; Kalsbeek, A; Kolk, SM; la Fleur, SE; Land, BB; Narayanan, NS; Opland, DM; van den Heuvel, JK | 1 |
| Cho, JH; Cho, YH; Choi, SH; Chung, S; Kim, DH; Kim, HJ; Shin, KH | 1 |
| Faisal, M; Ismatullah, H; Taqi, MM; Waseem, D | 1 |
| Bäckman, CM; Bakalkin, G; Bazov, I; Harvey, BK; Henriksson, R; Kadyrova, H; Shippenberg, TS | 1 |
| Darvas, M; Palmiter, RD | 1 |
| Garcia-Galiano, D; Leon, S; Manfredi-Lozano, M; Navarro, VM; Pinilla, L; Roa, J; Ruiz-Pino, F; Sánchez-Garrido, MA; Tena-Sempere, M | 1 |
| Cordes, MA; DeVries, MS; Riters, LV; Stevenson, SA | 1 |
| Goto, J; Hirano, M; Ichikawa, Y; Kusunoki, S; Mitsui, J; Saigoh, K; Samukawa, M; Shioyama, M; Tsuji, S | 1 |
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| Battaglia, G; Bruno, V; Bucci, D; Cannella, M; Gradini, R; Molinaro, G; Motolese, M; Nicoletti, F | 1 |
| Beckley, JT; Hughes, BA; Kalivas, PW; Randall, PK; Smith, RJ; Woodward, JJ | 1 |
| Crawford, E; Edwards, S; George, O; Gould, A; Grant, Y; Koob, GF; Schlosburg, JE; Vendruscolo, LF; Wee, S; Whitfield, TW; Zamora-Martinez, ER | 1 |
| Bakalkin, G; Bazov, I; Hauser, KF; Ivanova, T; Khmyz, V; Krishtal, O; Lindskog, CJ; Maximyuk, O; Vukojević, V | 1 |
| Bogacz, R; Butt, SJ; Dodson, PD; Doig, NM; Duffell, JM; Duguid, IC; Garas, FN; Kessaris, N; Larvin, JT; Magill, PJ | 1 |
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| Bu, HQ; Chen, L; Jiang, DD; Lin, SZ; Liu, DL; Pan, FP; Wang, Y; Yu, QJ; Zhang, H | 1 |
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| Hang, A; Liu, JG; Liu, Y; Shu, XH; Wang, Q; Wang, YJ; Zan, GY | 1 |
| Cieslak, PE; Korostynski, M; Przewlocki, R; Szklarczyk, K; Wawrzczak-Bargiela, A | 1 |
| Chen, X; Jiang, W; Peng, X; Xu, X; Yao, L | 1 |
| Arango, AS; Gonzalez, WG; Miksovska, J | 1 |
| Bonastre, M; Cortés, R; Marin, C; Mengod, G; Rodríguez-Oroz, MC | 1 |
| Alkuraya, FS; Almoisheer, A; Halees, A; Sabbagh, N; Shaheen, R; Shamia, A | 1 |
| Bowman, BR; Goodchild, AK | 1 |
| Kroll, SL; Lamm, C; Pfabigan, DM; Pripfl, J; Sailer, U | 1 |
| Kirouac, GJ; Li, S; Wang, H | 1 |
| Ardianto, C; Ikeda, H; Ikegami, M; Kamei, J; Nagase, H; Ohashi, T; Yang, L; Yonemochi, N | 1 |
| Kang, HC; Ouyang, TH; Zhang, N; Zhou, Q; Zhu, SQ | 1 |
| Abbott, SB; Agostinelli, LJ; Garfield, AS; Geerling, JC; Kim, M; Krashes, MJ; Lowell, BB; Mahoney, CE; Scammell, TE | 1 |
| Bakalkin, G; Biernacka, JM; Geske, JR; Heit, JA; Karpyak, VM; Preuss, UW; Winham, SJ; Zill, P | 1 |
| Friedman, JM; Greengard, P; Heiman, M; Kelly, L; Li, Z | 1 |
| Carlson, CR; Danaher, RJ; Ma, F; Miller, CS; Wang, C; Westlund, KN; Yoder, WE | 1 |
| Benedet, T; Dopazo, JM; Ghimire, K; Gonzalez, P; Mellstrom, B; Naranjo, JR; Oliveros, JC; Palczewska, M | 1 |
| Saadat, M; Saify, K | 1 |
| Capper-Loup, C; Kaelin-Lang, A; Paganetti, P; Sgroi, S | 1 |
| Anderson, SA; Egervari, G; Hurd, YL; Jacobs, MM; Jutras-Aswad, D; Landry, J; Liu, X; Michaelides, M; Miller, ML; Peter, C; Yiannoulos, G | 1 |
| Barsottini, OG; Freua, F; Kok, F; Pedroso, JL; Vale, TC | 1 |
| Bakalkin, G; Dooley, C; Marrink, SJ; McLaughlin, J; Melo, MN; Reits, E; Sinke, RJ; Smeets, CJ; Stargardt, A; Verbeek, DS; Zmorzyńska, J | 1 |
| Carlsson, T; Chiu, WH; Depboylu, C; Höglinger, GU; Keber, U; Klietz, M; Schäfer, MK; Weihe, E | 1 |
| Carboni, L; Romoli, B; Romualdi, P; Zoli, M | 1 |
| Rhen, T; Russart, KL | 1 |
| García Gutiérrez, MS; Maldonado, R; Manzanares, J; Negrete, R | 1 |
| Barreau, F; Boué, J; Ceredig, RA; Dietrich, G; Gavériaux-Ruff, C; Reiss, D; Secher, T | 1 |
| Alkass, K; Andersson, M; Bakalkin, G; Bazov, I; Druid, H; Dyachok, O; Gerashchenko, G; Kononenko, O; Krishtal, O; Mulder, J; Rajkowska, G; Stockmeier, CA; Svenningsen, ÅF; Verbeek, DS; Watanabe, H; Yakovleva, T | 1 |
| Brannock, C; Cadet, JL; Collector, D; Jayanthi, S; Krasnova, IN; Ladenheim, B; McCoy, MT; Terry, N; Torres, OV; Walther, D | 1 |
| Cordes, MA; Riters, LV; Stevenson, SA | 1 |
| Goodchild, AK; Hardwick, K; Kumar, NN; Le, S; McMullan, S; Parker, LM; Robinson, KJ; Wearne, TA | 1 |
| Li, TF; Li, XY; Wang, YR; Wang, YX; Wu, HY | 1 |
| Cifani, C; D'Addario, C; Gunnar, A; Padyukov, L; Pucci, M; Shchetynsky, K; Terenius, L; Vukojević, V | 1 |
| Balkan, B; Gozen, O; Kanit, L; Kaya, E; Keser, A; Koylu, EO; Ugur, M | 1 |
| Collins, S; Galvez, R; Loh, R | 1 |
| Altamura, AC; Benatti, B; Camuri, G; D'Addario, C; Dell'Osso, B; Di Francesco, A; Fenoglio, C; Galimberti, D; Grancini, B; Maccarrone, M; Palazzo, MC; Pucci, M; Scarpini, E | 1 |
| Bakalkin, G; Bazov, I; Kononenko, O; Kril, J; Mulder, J; Rajkowska, G; Sarkisyan, D; Sheedy, D; Stålhandske, L; Sun, X; Syvänen, AC; Taqi, MM; Verbeek, DS; Watanabe, H; Yakovleva, T | 1 |
| Costa, G; Górska, AM; Gołembiowska, K; Kamińska, K; Kreiner, G; Morelli, M; Przewłocki, R; Wawrzczak-Bargieła, A | 1 |
| Augé, C; Basso, L; Blanpied, C; Boué, J; Cenac, N; Deraison, C; Dietrich, G; Lluel, P; Vergnolle, N | 1 |
| Jiang, J; Lu, X; Wang, Y; Yao, L; Zhao, P | 1 |
| Jacobi, CLJ; Stein, C | 1 |
| Candeletti, S; Caputi, FF; Mercatelli, D; Palmisano, M; Romualdi, P | 1 |
| Hoshino, N; Ishikawa, T; Muraoka, S; Nishimura, T; Okano, M; Satoyoshi, H; Takahata, K; Tsunekawa, H | 1 |
| Bellia, F; D'Addario, C; Miranda-Morales, RS; Pautassi, RM; Pucci, M; Wille-Bille, A | 1 |
| Bakalkin, G; Bazov, I; Karpyak, VM; Kononenko, O; Sarkisyan, D; Watanabe, H; Yakovleva, T | 1 |
| Hamada, Y; Narita, M; Neyama, H; Tsukahara, R; Tsukamoto, K; Ueda, H | 1 |
| Benyhe, S; Mika, J; Przewlocka, B; Przewlocki, R; Rojewska, E; Starnowska, J; Szucs, E; Wawrzczak-Bargiela, A | 1 |
| Khajehnasiri, N; Khazali, H; Sheikhzadeh, F | 1 |
| Anand, I; Wu, AHB | 1 |
| Gasparini, S; Geerling, JC; Iverson, GN; Karthik, S; Narayan, SV; Peltekian, L; Resch, JM | 1 |
| Avnor, Y; Bishop, C; Chambers, NE; Conti, MM; Gross, L; Lanza, K; Meadows, SM; Ostock, CY | 1 |
| Baños, JE; Bilecki, W; Dickenson, AH; Gonçalves, L; Lara-Mayorga, IM; Maldonado, R; Martínez-Navarro, M; Negrete, R; Przewłocki, R; Wawrzczak-Bargieła, A | 1 |
| Hikida, T; Macpherson, T; Mizoguchi, H; Yamanaka, A | 1 |
| Caffino, L; Candeletti, S; Caputi, FF; Fumagalli, F; Romualdi, P | 1 |
| Balthasar, N; Campbell, JN; Conley, NJ; Garfield, AS; Krashes, MJ; Li, MM; Lowell, BB; Madara, JC; Resch, JM; Steger, JS | 1 |
| Augustine, V; Ebisu, H; Ho, B; Kong, D; Lee, S; Oka, Y; Zhao, Y | 1 |
| Blanken, P; Butelman, ER; Kreek, MJ; Ott, J; Randesi, M; van den Brink, W; van Ree, JM; Yuferov, V | 1 |
| Bouwkamp, CG; Costa, RM; Couey, JJ; Kushner, SA; Marcelo, IM; Martins, GJ; Matos, MR; Rao-Ruiz, P; Slump, DE; van den Hout, M; van den Oever, MC; van der Loo, RJ; van IJcken, WF | 1 |
| Inoue, N; Majarune, S; Nagae, M; Nima, P; Sugimoto, A; Tsukamura, H; Uenoyama, Y | 1 |
| Clark, JD; Nwaneshiudu, CA; Shi, XY | 1 |
| Kreek, MJ; Liang, Y; Low, MJ; Zhou, Y | 1 |
| Lu, WG; Luo, RQ; Ma, M; Wang, CW | 1 |
| Bellia, F; D'Addario, C; Jiménez García, AM; Miranda-Morales, RS; Pautassi, RM; Wille-Bille, A | 1 |
| Beunders, R; Kox, M; Leijte, GP; Pickkers, P; van Groenendael, R | 1 |
| Mika, J; Piotrowska, A; Przewłocka, B; Przewłocki, R; Rojewska, E; Starnowska-Sokół, J; Wawrzczak-Bargieła, A; Ziółkowska, B | 1 |
| Clarke, IJ; Henry, B; Li, Q; Pereira, A; Rao, A; Smith, JT | 1 |
| Abouelfetouh, MM; Chen, S; Ding, M; Ding, Y; Li, M; Liu, A; Ma, N; Zhang, Q | 1 |
| Ahn, BH; An, M; Heo, G; Jin, JA; Jung, S; Kim, DY; Kim, H; Kim, HK; Kim, M; Kim, SY; Lee, JW; Lee, M; Park, HE; Park, JH; Schwartz, GJ | 1 |
| Devi, LA; Fricker, LD; Gomes, I; Margolis, EB | 1 |
| Ma, G; Pan, M; Xie, P; Yang, J; Zhang, L | 1 |
| Agostinelli, LJ; Bassuk, AG; Hefti, MM; Mix, MR; Scammell, TE | 1 |
| Geerling, JC; Grady, FS; Huang, D; Peltekian, L | 1 |
| Barbati, M; Gombert, A; Hartmann, O; Schulte, J; Simon, F; Simon, T | 1 |
| Bonito, AJ; Fukuyama, H; Imai, M; Matoba, T; Minohara, K; Morita, A; Odanaka, M; Ohkura, N; Sakaguchi, S; Shime, H; Tsuiji, M; Uraki, R; Watanabe, M; Yamazaki, S; Yasumizu, Y | 1 |
| Al Shweiki, MR; Anderl-Straub, S; Barschke, P; Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, G; Halbgebauer, S; Lewerenz, J; Ludolph, AC; Oeckl, P; Otto, M; Pachollek, A; Steinacker, P | 1 |
| Fisher, SE; Ma, KY; Smeets, CJLM; Verbeek, DS | 1 |
| Gasparini, S; Geerling, JC; Gore, AM; Peltekian, L; Resch, JM | 1 |
| Bang, J; Ross, CA | 1 |
| Bruchas, MR; Cone, AL; Ndiokho, IB; Norris, AJ; Shaker, JR | 1 |
| Benko, AL; Kovacs, WJ; Olsen, NJ; Sunyer, T; Wright, AD | 1 |
| Bakalkin, G; Bazov, I; Hallberg, M; Karpyak, V; Nosova, O | 1 |
| Horiuchi, M; Iijima, N; Imoto, D; Ishimoto, T; Kato, KX; Kimura, K; Lee, ML; Matsunaga, H; Otsuguro, KI; Toda, C; Xu, S; Yamagata, S; Yamamoto, I; Yamasaki, T; Yonekura, T | 1 |
| Kingo, K; Kõks, S; Loite, U; Prans, E; Raam, L; Reemann, P; Reimann, E; Silm, H; Traks, T; Vasar, E | 1 |
| Abu-Rumeileh, S; Al Shweiki, MR; Baiardi, S; Barschke, P; Capellari, S; Ladogana, A; Mammana, A; Mastrangelo, A; Oeckl, P; Otto, M; Parchi, P; Steinacker, P | 1 |
| Graham, DP; Hamon, SC; Hillhouse, M; Kosten, TR; Lawson, WB; Ling, W; Nielsen, DA; Nielsen, EM; Rotrosen, J; Saxon, AJ; Settles-Reaves, BD; Shmueli-Blumberg, D; Shores-Wilson, K; Trivedi, MH; Walker, R | 1 |
| Abu-Rumeileh, S; Al Shweiki, MHDR; Barba, L; Barschke, P; Gaetani, L; Halbgebauer, S; Landwehrmeyer, GB; Lewerenz, J; Ludolph, AC; Oeckl, P; Otto, M; Paolini Paoletti, F; Parnetti, L; Steinacker, P | 1 |
| Fujieda, S; Fukazawa, Y; Kuroda, K; Maegawa, A; Murata, K | 1 |
| Choi, J; Ha, CM; Jeong, JK; Kang, D; Kim, DH; Kim, HR; Kim, Y; Lee, BJ; Lee, TH; Ojeda, SR; Park, JW | 1 |
59 review(s) available for enkephalin, leucine and preproenkephalin
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
The use of linkage analysis and the Centre d'Etude Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) panel of DNA in the study of the arginine vasopressin, oxytocin and prodynorphin gene loci.
Topics: Arginine Vasopressin; Blotting, Southern; Chromosome Banding; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20; DNA; Enkephalins; Genetic Linkage; Humans; Lod Score; Oxytocin; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Protein Precursors; Recombination, Genetic | 1992 |
Gene memory in neuroendocrine and behavioural systems.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Male; Neurosecretory Systems; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Sex Characteristics; Sexual Behavior, Animal | 1992 |
Cellular and molecular analysis of opioid peptide gene expression.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Precursors | 1992 |
Prodynorphin gene expression in neuronal and endocrine cell types.
Topics: Animals; Endocrine Glands; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Neurons; Protein Precursors | 1990 |
Neuropeptide gene expression and neural activity: assessing a working hypothesis in nucleus caudalis and dorsal horn neurons expressing preproenkephalin and preprodynorphin.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Trigeminal Nuclei | 1990 |
Striatonigral prodynorphin: a model system for understanding opioid peptide function.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Hydroxydopamines; Locomotion; Motor Neurons; Movement; Naloxone; Neural Pathways; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Substantia Nigra | 1990 |
[Molecular structures of preproenkephalins and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor].
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Enkephalins; Ion Channels; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Nicotinic | 1985 |
Heterogeneity of cytokine secretion patterns and functions of helper T cells.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Biological Factors; Cytokines; Enkephalins; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Interferon-gamma; Interleukins; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocyte Cooperation; Mice; Protein Precursors; Species Specificity; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 1989 |
[Gonadal opioids and testicular function].
Topics: Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Testis | 1989 |
Role of cholecystokinin and opioid peptides in control of food intake.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Behavior, Animal; beta-Endorphin; beta-Lipotropin; Brain; Ceruletide; Cholecystokinin; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Dynorphins; Eating; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Fasting; Food; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Kinetics; Morphine; Nervous System; Neurons; Obesity; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Cholecystokinin; Satiation; Sincalide; Species Specificity; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tissue Distribution | 1986 |
Hypothalamic dynorphin and vasopressin mRNA expression in normal and Brattleboro rats.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Histocytochemistry; Hypothalamus; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Brattleboro; RNA, Messenger; Vasopressins | 1986 |
Anatomical and biochemical perspectives on opioid peptides.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Genes; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational | 1986 |
Endogenous opioid peptides and human reproduction.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Neurosecretory Systems; Nociceptors; Placenta; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; Reproduction | 1987 |
Localization and seizure-induced alterations of opioid peptides and CCK in the hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Cholecystokinin; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; Neuropeptides; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Seizures | 1988 |
The many possible roles of opioids and related peptides in stress-induced analgesia.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Brain; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Pain; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Sensory Thresholds; Stress, Physiological; Time Factors | 1986 |
[Endogenous opioids].
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Central Nervous System; Eating; Endocrine Glands; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Immune System; Kidney; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; Respiration | 1985 |
[Endogenous opioid systems].
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid | 1985 |
Brain, spinal cord and peripheral sites of action of enkephalins and other endogenous opioids on gastrointestinal motility.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Digestive System; Dogs; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Gastrointestinal Motility; Morphine; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Spinal Cord | 1987 |
The regulation of enkephalin levels in adrenomedullary cells and its relation to chromaffin vesicle biogenesis and functional plasticity.
Topics: Animals; Catecholamines; Chromaffin Granules; Chromaffin System; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Enkephalins; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Splanchnic Nerves | 1987 |
[Tissue-specific expression and regulation of opioid peptide precursor genes].
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Peptide Fragments; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats | 1987 |
[Drug regulation of the opioid gene expression transcriptional level and its methodology].
Topics: Animals; Base Composition; Dopamine; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 1986 |
Strategies for studying opioid peptide regulation at the gene, message and protein levels.
Topics: Animals; Brain; DNA; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Neurons; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Receptors, Opioid; RNA, Heterogeneous Nuclear; RNA, Messenger; Stress, Physiological; Tissue Distribution; Transcription, Genetic | 1984 |
[Opioid peptides].
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Cattle; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors | 1984 |
Biogenesis, release and inactivation of enkephalins and dynorphins.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Brain; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Mice; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Stress, Physiological | 1983 |
Endogenous pain control systems: brainstem spinal pathways and endorphin circuitry.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Afferent Pathways; Analgesics; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Brain Stem; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Medulla Oblongata; Models, Biological; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Neurotensin; Norepinephrine; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Periaqueductal Gray; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Spinal Cord; Stress, Physiological | 1984 |
Precursor polyproteins in endocrine and neuroendocrine systems.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Calcitonin; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; DNA; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Gastrins; Glucagon; Humans; Models, Biological; Neurophysins; Oxytocin; Parathyroid Hormone; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Proglucagon; Proinsulin; Protein Precursors; Somatostatin; Vasopressins | 1984 |
Endogenous opioids: biology and function.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Analgesia; Animals; Behavior; Blood Pressure; Brain; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Drug Tolerance; Endocrine Glands; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Pregnancy; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Receptors, Opioid; Shock; Spinal Cord; Stress, Physiological; Tissue Distribution | 1984 |
Endorphins and psychiatry: pre-clinical perspectives.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Depression, Chemical; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; Humans; Naloxone; Neurons; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Psychotic Disorders; Pyramidal Tracts; Rats; Receptors, Opioid | 1984 |
[Trends in the study of opioid peptides].
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Peptides; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors | 1983 |
A role for hippocampal opioids in long-term functional plasticity.
Topics: Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; Humans; Neuronal Plasticity; Protein Precursors | 1995 |
The transcriptional regulation of the preproenkephalin gene.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Precursors; Transcription, Genetic | 1995 |
Competition for DNA steroid response elements as a possible mechanism for neuroendocrine integration.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Binding, Competitive; Brain; DNA; Enkephalins; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Neurosecretory Systems; Progesterone; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Steroid; Steroids | 1994 |
[Kindling and the expression of immediate early gene in hippocampus].
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Genes, Immediate-Early; Hippocampus; Immediate-Early Proteins; Kindling, Neurologic; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger | 1994 |
Peptidases in the CNS: formation of biologically active, receptor-specific peptide fragments.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Central Nervous System; Endopeptidases; Enkephalins; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Neuropeptides; Neurotensin; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Receptors, Cell Surface | 1993 |
Actions of sex steroids on behaviours beyond reproductive reflexes.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Protein Precursors; Rats; Reflex; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Steroids | 1995 |
Transgenic mice: preproenkephalin and the mu opiate receptor.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Molecular Sequence Data; Morphine; Motor Activity; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid | 1996 |
Regulation of preproenkephalin expression in astrocytes: is there a role for glia-derived opioid peptides in reactive gliosis?
Topics: Adult; Animals; Astrocytes; Enkephalins; Gliosis; Humans; Neuroglia; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors | 1994 |
Opioid peptide precursor expression in animal models of dystonia secondary to dopamine-replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Dystonia; Enkephalins; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Protein Precursors | 1998 |
Molecular evolution of the opioid/orphanin gene family.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Enkephalins; Evolution, Molecular; Gene Duplication; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; Opioid Peptides; Phylogeny; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid | 1999 |
Enkephalinergic neurons in the periaqueductal gray and morphine withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Enkephalins; Humans; Morphine Dependence; Periaqueductal Gray; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2000 |
Allelic and somatic variations in the endogenous opioid system of humans.
Topics: Alleles; beta-Endorphin; Enkephalins; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Polymorphism, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Substance-Related Disorders | 2001 |
Opioid signalling in the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Humans; Medulla Oblongata; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Signal Transduction; Synapses; Vasomotor System | 2002 |
Knocking out the DREAM to study pain.
Topics: Animals; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Nociceptors; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; Repressor Proteins; Transcription, Genetic | 2002 |
Levodopa response motor complications--GABA receptors and preproenkephalin expression in human brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Humans; Levodopa; Protein Precursors; Receptors, GABA | 2002 |
Invertebrate opiate immune and neural signaling.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Bivalvia; Chemotaxis; Enkephalins; Evolution, Molecular; Ganglia, Invertebrate; Hemolymph; Humans; Insect Proteins; Invertebrates; Molecular Sequence Data; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuroimmunomodulation; Nitric Oxide; Opioid Peptides; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; Species Specificity; Stress, Physiological | 2003 |
When the DREAM is gone: from basic science to future prospectives in pain management and beyond.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesics; Animals; Dogs; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enkephalins; Forecasting; Humans; Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Models, Biological; Molecular Sequence Data; Pain; Pain Insensitivity, Congenital; Potassium Channels; Presenilin-2; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Rats; Repressor Proteins; Transcription, Genetic | 2003 |
Trends in the evolution of the proenkephalin and prodynorphin genes in gnathostomes.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Enkephalins; Evolution, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Protein Precursors; Vertebrates | 2005 |
Genetics of drug resistance.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Apolipoproteins E; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; Drug Resistance; Enkephalins; Epilepsy; Genetic Variation; Humans; Interleukin-1; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Mutation; Pharmacogenetics; Prions; Protein Precursors; Receptors, GABA-B; Research Design; Terminology as Topic | 2005 |
[Geneteic diagnosis for pancreatic tumors].
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Diagnosis, Differential; DNA; DNA Methylation; DNA-Binding Proteins; Early Diagnosis; Enkephalins; Exons; Genes, p53; Genes, ras; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Mutation; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Telomerase | 2006 |
Transcriptionally less active prodynorphin promoter alleles are associated with temporal lobe epilepsy: a case-control study and meta-analysis.
Topics: Alleles; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Enkephalins; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Humans; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Transcription, Genetic | 2008 |
Herpes virus-based recombinant herpes vectors: gene therapy for pain and molecular tool for pain science.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Silencing; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Pain Management; Protein Precursors; Simplexvirus | 2009 |
Search for genetic markers and functional variants involved in the development of opiate and cocaine addiction and treatment.
Topics: ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; Catechol O-Methyltransferase; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Enkephalins; Epigenesis, Genetic; Genetic Markers; Genetic Variation; Genome-Wide Association Study; Haplotypes; Humans; Methadone; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pharmacogenetics; Protein Precursors; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 2; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Tryptophan Hydroxylase | 2010 |
The dynorphin/κ-opioid receptor system and its role in psychiatric disorders.
Topics: Brain; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Epigenesis, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Mental Disorders; Models, Animal; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Self Stimulation; Signal Transduction | 2012 |
κ-opioid receptor/dynorphin system: genetic and pharmacotherapeutic implications for addiction.
Topics: Adaptation, Biological; Animals; Behavior, Addictive; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Discovery; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Narcotic Antagonists; Polymorphism, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Recurrence | 2012 |
Prodynorphin gene promoter polymorphism and temporal lobe epilepsy: A meta-analysis.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Enkephalins; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Family; Gene Expression; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Inheritance Patterns; Odds Ratio; Polymorphism, Genetic; Prognosis; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors | 2015 |
Association between prodynorphin gene polymorphisms and opioid dependence susceptibility: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Asian People; Case-Control Studies; Enkephalins; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Opioid-Related Disorders; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Precursors | 2019 |
Five Decades of Research on Opioid Peptides: Current Knowledge and Unanswered Questions.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carboxypeptidase H; Enkephalins; Humans; Opioid Peptides; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Proprotein Convertases; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid | 2020 |
Pituitary neuropeptides and B lymphocyte function.
Topics: Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Enkephalins; Humans; Neuropeptides; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid | 2021 |
Epigenetic and Transcriptional Control of the Opioid Prodynorphine Gene: In-Depth Analysis in the Human Brain.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Brain; Enkephalins; Epigenesis, Genetic; Epigenomics; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Neuropeptides; Protein Precursors; Transcription, Genetic | 2021 |
2 trial(s) available for enkephalin, leucine and preproenkephalin
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Gene therapy for pain: results of a phase I clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics, Opioid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Female; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Neoplasms; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2011 |
Moderation of buprenorphine therapy for cocaine dependence efficacy by variation of the Prodynorphin gene.
Topics: Buprenorphine; Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Delayed-Action Preparations; Enkephalins; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Opioid-Related Disorders; Protein Precursors | 2022 |
1194 other study(ies) available for enkephalin, leucine and preproenkephalin
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Quantitation of preproenkephalin mRNA levels in brain regions from male Fischer rats following chronic cocaine treatment using a recently developed solution hybridization assay.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Brain; Cocaine; Drug Administration Schedule; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Organ Specificity; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors | 1992 |
Translation of heart preproenkephalin mRNA and secretion of enkephalin peptides from cultured cardiac myocytes.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Animals; Base Sequence; Cells, Cultured; Enkephalins; Molecular Sequence Data; Myocardium; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Ribonucleases; RNA, Messenger; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate | 1992 |
Perinatal morphine exposure alters peptidergic development in the striatum.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Body Weight; Corpus Striatum; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Growth; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Morphine; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substance P | 1992 |
Expression of prepro-enkephalin in human articular chondrocytes is linked to cell proliferation.
Topics: Base Sequence; Bucladesine; Cartilage, Articular; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Dexamethasone; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Growth Substances; Humans; Interleukin-1; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Second Messenger Systems; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Tretinoin; Up-Regulation | 1992 |
Differential regulation of striatal preproenkephalin mRNA by D1 and D2 dopamine receptors.
Topics: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Corpus Striatum; Desipramine; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Ergolines; Gene Expression Regulation; Kinetics; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oligonucleotide Probes; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Quinpirole; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Salicylamides; Stereotaxic Techniques | 1992 |
Differential dopaminergic regulation of proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNAs in the basal ganglia of rats.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Caudate Nucleus; DNA Probes; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Functional Laterality; Hydroxydopamines; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors | 1992 |
Distribution and cellular localization of preproenkephalin mRNA in the ovine brain and pituitary.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Enkephalins; Male; Oligonucleotide Probes; Organ Specificity; Pituitary Gland; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Sheep; Sulfur Radioisotopes | 1992 |
D2 dopaminergic regulation of striatal preproenkephalin mRNA levels is mediated at least in part through cholinergic interneurons.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Corpus Striatum; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Interneurons; Kinetics; Male; Models, Neurological; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oligonucleotide Probes; Oxidopamine; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Salicylamides; Scopolamine | 1992 |
Regulation of adrenomedullary preproenkephalin mRNA: effects of hypoglycemia during development.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Carbachol; Corpus Striatum; Deoxyglucose; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Male; Nicotine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Triiodothyronine | 1992 |
Transient ischemia stimulates glial fibrillary acid protein and vimentin gene expression in the gerbil neocortex, striatum and hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Gerbillinae; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Hippocampus; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Male; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; RNA, Messenger; Vimentin | 1992 |
Primary afferent stimulation acts through a 193 base pair promoter region to upregulate preproenkephalin expression in dorsal horn of transgenic mice.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Foot; Freund's Adjuvant; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Pain; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Spinal Cord; Trigeminal Ganglion | 1992 |
Opioid and cannabinoid receptor inhibition of adenylyl cyclase in brain.
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate; Analgesics; Animals; Brain; Cannabinoids; Cells, Cultured; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Male; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Cannabinoid; Receptors, Drug; Receptors, Opioid; RNA, Messenger | 1992 |
A germ cell factor(s) modulates preproenkephalin gene expression in rat Sertoli cells.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Enkephalins; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gene Expression Regulation; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Sertoli Cells; Spermatids; Spermatocytes; Time Factors | 1992 |
Limbic seizures increase cyclophilin mRNA levels in rat hippocampus.
Topics: Amino Acid Isomerases; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Hippocampus; Male; Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Seizures | 1992 |
Reserpine treatment stimulates enkephalin and D2 dopamine receptor gene expression in the rat striatum.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Reserpine; Substantia Nigra | 1992 |
Altered genetic response to beta-adrenergic receptor activation in late passage C6 glioma cells.
Topics: Actins; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Bucladesine; Cell Division; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Genes, fos; Genes, jun; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glioma; Isoproterenol; Kinetics; Nerve Growth Factors; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Neoplasm; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1992 |
Glucocorticoid regulation of preproenkephalin gene expression in the rat forebrain.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Corticosterone; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Hypothalamus; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nucleus Accumbens; Prosencephalon; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors | 1992 |
Regulation of prodynorphin gene expression in the hippocampus by glucocorticoids.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Animals; Body Weight; Corticosterone; Dexamethasone; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucocorticoids; Hippocampus; Male; Neuropeptides; Protein Precursors; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Messenger | 1992 |
Regulation of prodynorphin gene expression in the ovary: distal DNA regulatory elements confer gonadotropin regulation of promoter activity.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cells, Cultured; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Cyclic AMP; DNA; Enkephalins; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gene Expression Regulation; Gonadotropins, Equine; Granulosa Cells; In Situ Hybridization; Molecular Sequence Data; Ovary; Ovulation Induction; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Transfection | 1992 |
The effects of excitatory amino acids on proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNA levels in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of the rat; an in situ hybridization study.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Enkephalins; Functional Laterality; Gene Expression; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Male; Microinjections; N-Methylaspartate; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Quinoxalines; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger | 1992 |
PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells synthesize dynorphin. Its secretion is modulated by nicotine and nerve growth factor.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Cell Differentiation; Chromatography, Gel; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Molecular Weight; Nerve Growth Factors; Nicotine; PC12 Cells; Potassium Chloride; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 1992 |
Hippocampal neuropeptide Y mRNA is reduced in a strain of learned helpless resistant rats.
Topics: Amino Acid Isomerases; Animals; Association Learning; Carrier Proteins; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Susceptibility; Enkephalins; Escape Reaction; Gene Expression; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Helplessness, Learned; Hippocampus; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Neuropeptide Y; Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Somatostatin | 1992 |
In situ hybridization histochemistry: a new method for processing material stored for several years.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Base Sequence; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Cryoprotective Agents; Enkephalins; Ethylene Glycol; Ethylene Glycols; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oligonucleotide Probes; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Specimen Handling; Sulfur Radioisotopes; Time Factors; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1992 |
The 'serotonin/norepinephrine link' beyond the beta adrenoceptor.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Cyclic AMP; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Glioma; Glucocorticoids; Models, Biological; Norepinephrine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1992 |
Time course of enkephalin mRNA and peptides in cultured rat adrenal medulla.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Kinetics; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA; RNA Probes; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Time Factors | 1992 |
Preproenkephalin promoter "cassette" confers brain expression and synaptic regulation in transgenic mice.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Base Sequence; Brain; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; DNA; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Haloperidol; Humans; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Pentylenetetrazole; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; RNA; RNA, Messenger; Seizures; Synapses | 1992 |
Neonatal capsaicin treatment attenuates spinal Fos activation and dynorphin gene expression following peripheral tissue inflammation and hyperalgesia.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Capsaicin; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Foot Diseases; Gene Expression; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Male; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord; Substance P | 1992 |
Directed establishment of rat brain cell lines with the phenotypic characteristics of type 1 astrocytes.
Topics: alpha-Macroglobulins; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Viral; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; S100 Proteins; Simian virus 40; Transferrin | 1992 |
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism alters substance P and met5-enkephalin biosynthesis in neurons of the rat striatum.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Piperazines; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Substance P; Tachykinins; Valine | 1992 |
Tissue-specific DNaseI hypersensitivity regions are located in the 5'-region of the rat preproenkephalin gene.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Blotting, Southern; Corpus Striatum; Deoxyribonuclease I; Enhancer Elements, Genetic; Enkephalins; Liver; Male; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Cholinergic; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid | 1992 |
Regulation of glutamate decarboxylase and enkephalin mRNA levels in rat striatum by chronic benzodiazepine treatment.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Diazepam; Drug Administration Schedule; Enkephalins; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Reference Values; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1992 |
Differential regulation of neuropeptide mRNA expression in intrastriatal striatal transplants by host dopaminergic afferents.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Autoradiography; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Caudate Nucleus; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Female; Fetal Tissue Transplantation; Gene Expression Regulation; Haloperidol; In Situ Hybridization; Nucleus Accumbens; Oligonucleotide Probes; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sulfur Radioisotopes; Tachykinins | 1992 |
Increased preproenkephalin A gene expression in the rat heart after induction of a myocardial infarction.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Heart Ventricles; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger | 1992 |
Differential regulation of anterior pituitary prodynorphin and gonadotropin-subunit gene expression by steroid hormones.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Feedback; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit; Gene Expression Regulation; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1992 |
The prodynorphin system in the rat hippocampus is differentially influenced by kainic acid and pentetrazole.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; In Situ Hybridization; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Male; Pentylenetetrazole; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Seizures; Sulfur Radioisotopes | 1992 |
Prenatal stress selectively alters the reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal system in the female rat.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Blotting, Northern; Corticosterone; Dexamethasone; Enkephalins; Female; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Hypothalamus; Male; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; RNA, Messenger; Stress, Psychological | 1992 |
Preproenkephalin RNA increases in the hypothalamus of rats stressed by social deprivation.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Corticosterone; DNA Probes; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hypertension; Hypesthesia; Hypothalamus; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Social Isolation; Stress, Psychological | 1992 |
Tissue- and treatment-specific usage of multiple preproenkephalin transcriptional start sites.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Base Sequence; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Hypoglycemia; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Nicotine; Oxotremorine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Tissue Distribution; Transcription, Genetic | 1992 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA in spinal dorsal horn neurons is induced by peripheral inflammation and is co-localized with Fos and Fos-related proteins.
Topics: Animals; Cell Nucleus; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, fos; Inflammation; Male; Neurons; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oncogene Proteins v-fos; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 1992 |
Thiol and aspartyl proteolytic activities in secretory vesicles of bovine pituitary.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; Cattle; Chromaffin Granules; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Cytoplasmic Granules; Enkephalins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pituitary Gland; Protease Inhibitors; Protein Precursors; Tachykinins | 1992 |
Repeated ethanol administration decreases prodynorphin biosynthesis in the rat hippocampus.
Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Autoradiography; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Hippocampus; Male; Neurons; Oligonucleotide Probes; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Sulfur Radioisotopes | 1992 |
Time-dependent changes in the activity of opioid systems in the spinal cord of monoarthritic rats--a release and in situ hybridization study.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oligonucleotide Probes; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Sulfur Radioisotopes | 1992 |
A rostrocaudal gradient in the synthesis of enkephalin in nucleus accumbens.
Topics: Animals; Caudate Nucleus; Corpus Callosum; Enkephalins; Histocytochemistry; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger | 1992 |
Primary sequence of -1436 to +53 bp of the rat preproenkephalin gene putative Z-DNA and regulatory motifs.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; DNA; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Precursors; Rats; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Transcription, Genetic | 1992 |
Endogenous opioid peptides in brain and pituitary of rats with absence epilepsy.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Epilepsy, Absence; Male; Pituitary Gland; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred ACI; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1992 |
Clozapine decreases enkephalin mRNA in rat striatum.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Clozapine; Corpus Striatum; Depression, Chemical; Efferent Pathways; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Globus Pallidus; Haloperidol; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1992 |
Pertussis toxin administration increases the expression of proneurotensin and preproenkephalin A mRNAs in rat striatum.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Densitometry; Enkephalins; Ferrocyanides; Male; Microinjections; Neurotensin; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pertussis Toxin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Stereotaxic Techniques; Virulence Factors, Bordetella | 1992 |
Glucocorticoid regulation of neuropeptide mRNAs in the rat striatum.
Topics: Adrenalectomy; Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Corpus Striatum; Corticosterone; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Neuropeptides; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 1991 |
Calcium-dependent regulation of the enkephalin phenotype by neuronal activity during early ontogeny.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; Gene Expression Regulation; Ion Channel Gating; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Nicotinic Acids; Oxadiazoles; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Sodium Channels; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin | 1991 |
GABAergic regulation of striatal opioid gene expression.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Aminocaproates; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Ethanolamines; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vigabatrin | 1991 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA and enkephalin in normal and denervated adrenals in the Syrian hamster: comparison with central nervous system tissues.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Brain; Cricetinae; Denervation; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Epinephrine; Liver; Mesocricetus; Norepinephrine; Organ Specificity; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger | 1991 |
Sequence similarity between opioid peptide precursors and DNA-binding proteins.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Cattle; DNA; DNA-Binding Proteins; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Precursors; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Transcription Factors | 1991 |
Expression of messenger RNAs for peptides and tyrosine hydroxylase in primary sensory neurons that innervate arterial baroreceptors and chemoreceptors.
Topics: Animals; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Carotid Body; Carotid Sinus; Enkephalins; Male; Neurons, Afferent; Neuropeptide Y; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Somatostatin; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1991 |
Expression of preprodynorphin in human small cell lung carcinoma cell lines.
Topics: Blotting, Northern; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1991 |
A glutamate antagonist blocks perforant path stimulation-induced reduction of dynorphin peptide and prodynorphin mRNA levels in rat hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Dipeptides; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Histocytochemistry; Male; Neural Pathways; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Messenger; Tremor | 1991 |
Striatal preprotachykinin and preproenkephalin mRNA levels and the levels of nigral substance P and pallidal Met5-enkephalin depend on corticostriatal axons that use the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters aspartate and glutamate: quantitative radioim
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Axons; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Globus Pallidus; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Substance P; Substantia Nigra; Synaptic Transmission; Tachykinins | 1990 |
Prodynorphin- and substance P-containing neurons project to the medial preoptic area in the male Syrian hamster brain.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Cricetinae; Enkephalins; Fluorescence; Fluorescent Dyes; Immunohistochemistry; Iontophoresis; Male; Mesocricetus; Neurons; Preoptic Area; Protein Precursors; Rhodamines; Stilbamidines; Substance P | 1991 |
Transsynaptic activity regulates proenkephalin and tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression and the response to reserpine in the hamster adrenal.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Catecholamines; Cricetinae; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Kinetics; Male; Mesocricetus; Peptides; Protein Precursors; Reserpine; RNA; RNA, Messenger; Synapses; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1991 |
Region-specific regulation of preproenkephalin mRNA in cultured astrocytes.
Topics: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Astrocytes; Blotting, Northern; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Colforsin; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Hypothalamus; Isoproterenol; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA; RNA, Messenger | 1991 |
Preproenkephalin A gene expression in rat pineal.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Pineal Gland; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA | 1991 |
Striatal neurons express increased level of dopamine D2 receptor mRNA in response to haloperidol treatment: a quantitative in situ hybridization study.
Topics: Animals; Caudate Nucleus; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Haloperidol; Male; Neurons; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Dopamine; RNA, Messenger | 1991 |
Enkephalin mRNA production by cochlear and vestibular efferent neurons in the gerbil brainstem.
Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Cochlear Nerve; Efferent Pathways; Enkephalins; Gerbillinae; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Neurons; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic; Vestibular Nerve | 1991 |
Transcriptional regulation of the rat prodynorphin gene.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA Splicing; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Transcription, Genetic | 1991 |
The phylogeny of Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin: studies on the holostean fish Lepisosteus platyrhincus and the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Fishes; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay | 1991 |
Chronic opiate agonists down-regulate prodynorphin gene expression in rat brain.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Brain Chemistry; Corpus Striatum; DNA Probes; Down-Regulation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Hypothalamus; Male; Morphine; Narcotics; Protein Precursors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger | 1991 |
Localization of preproenkephalin A mRNA in the neonatal rat retina.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Autoradiography; Enkephalins; Female; Histocytochemistry; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oligonucleotide Probes; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Retina; RNA, Messenger; Tissue Distribution | 1991 |
Quantitative non-radioactive in situ hybridization of preproenkephalin mRNA with digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probes.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Cell Count; Corpus Striatum; Digoxigenin; Enkephalins; Haloperidol; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Male; Neurons; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA Probes; RNA, Messenger | 1991 |
Expression of the preproenkephalin A gene in the heart of cardiomyopathic hamsters.
Topics: Aging; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Cardiomyopathies; Cricetinae; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; Heart Atria; Heart Ventricles; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; RNA, Messenger | 1991 |
Parallel decrease of glutamic acid decarboxylase and preproenkephalin mRNA in the rat striatum following chronic treatment with a dopaminergic D1 antagonist and D2 agonist.
Topics: Animals; Benzazepines; Corpus Striatum; DNA Probes; Dopamine Antagonists; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Male; Neurons; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phenethylamines; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Tubulin | 1991 |
Cocaine-induced changes in gene expression in rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cocaine; DNA-Binding Proteins; Early Growth Response Protein 1; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Immediate-Early Proteins; Male; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Synapses; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic | 1990 |
Preproenkephalin messenger RNA-containing neurons in striatum of patients with symptomatic and presymptomatic Huntington's disease: an in situ hybridization study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autoradiography; Child; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Humans; Huntington Disease; Middle Aged; Neurons; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; RNA Probes; RNA, Messenger | 1991 |
Systemic administration of kainic acid differentially regulates the levels of prodynorphin and proenkephalin mRNA and peptides in the rat hippocampus.
Topics: Amino Acid Isomerases; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Injections, Subcutaneous; Kainic Acid; Male; Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Messenger; Seizures | 1991 |
Differential processing of proenkephalin-A by human peripheral blood monocytes and T lymphocytes.
Topics: Adult; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Humans; Monocytes; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; T-Lymphocytes | 1991 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA and methionine-enkephalin increase in mouse striatum after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treatment.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; G(M1) Ganglioside; Immunologic Techniques; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Nomifensine; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Selegiline | 1991 |
Molecular pathways of pain: Fos/Jun-mediated activation of a noncanonical AP-1 site in the prodynorphin gene.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cell Line; DNA-Binding Proteins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Neurons; Pain; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Transcription Factors | 1991 |
Purification and characterization of endoproteases from human choroid plexus cleaving prodynorphin-derived opioid peptides.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Choroid Plexus; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Endopeptidases; Enkephalins; Humans; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Protease Inhibitors; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational | 1991 |
Enkephalin-containing nerve cell bodies in the substantia nigra of the rat: demonstration by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.
Topics: Animals; Colchicine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunohistochemistry; Mesencephalon; Neurons; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Organ Specificity; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra | 1991 |
Short- and long-term alterations of gene expression in limbic structures by repeated electroconvulsive-induced seizures.
Topics: Animals; Electroshock; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Limbic System; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Seizures; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1990 |
Conversion of the dynorphins to Leu-enkephalin in human spinal cord.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Protein Precursors; Serine Endopeptidases; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; Spinal Cord | 1990 |
Hemodynamic responses of conscious rats following intrathecal injections of prodynorphin-derived opioids: independence of action of intrathecal arginine vasopressin.
Topics: Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; beta-Endorphin; Blood Pressure; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Injections, Spinal; Male; Narcotics; Norepinephrine; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1990 |
Increases in rat striatal preproenkephalin mRNA levels following chronic treatment with the depot neuroleptic, haloperidol decanoate.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Corpus Striatum; Delayed-Action Preparations; Enkephalins; Haloperidol; Male; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 1990 |
Glutamate is the endogenous amino acid selectively released by rat hippocampal mossy fiber synaptosomes concomitantly with prodynorphin-derived peptides.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Enkephalins; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Potassium; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes; Veratridine | 1990 |
Perforant path stimulation differentially alters prodynorphin mRNA and proenkephalin mRNA levels in the entorhinal cortex-hippocampal region.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Dynorphins; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Messenger | 1990 |
Gene expression in striatal grafts--I. Cellular localization of neurotransmitter mRNAs.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oligonucleotides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Somatostatin | 1990 |
Regulation of striatonigral prodynorphin peptides by dopaminergic agents.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dextroamphetamine; Dopamine Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Haloperidol; Hippocampus; Kinetics; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; Substantia Nigra | 1990 |
Linkage relationships of human arginine vasopressin-neurophysin-II and oxytocin-neurophysin-I to prodynorphin and other loci on chromosome 20.
Topics: Arginine Vasopressin; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20; DNA; Enkephalins; Genetic Linkage; Humans; Neurophysins; Oxytocin; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Protein Precursors | 1990 |
Modulation of prodynorphin peptides release from the rat spinal cord in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Potassium; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord; Veratridine | 1990 |
Effects of intracerebroventricular injection of dynorphin, leumorphin and alpha neo-endorphin on operant feeding in pigs.
Topics: Animals; Appetitive Behavior; Brain; Conditioning, Operant; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Feeding Behavior; Female; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Motivation; Naloxone; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; Swine | 1990 |
Atypical prodynorphin gene expression in corticosteroid-producing cells of the rat adrenal gland.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cosyntropin; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hypophysectomy; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Polyribosomes; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; RNA Probes; RNA, Messenger | 1991 |
Purification and characterization of a novel thiol protease involved in processing the enkephalin precursor.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cattle; Chromaffin Granules; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; Dithiothreitol; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Methionine; Molecular Sequence Data; Pepstatins; Protease Inhibitors; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Rats; Substrate Specificity | 1991 |
Circadian regulation of the biosynthesis of cardiac Met-enkephalin and precursors in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Circadian Rhythm; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Hypertension; Male; Myocardium; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; RNA, Messenger | 1991 |
Ether anesthesia differentially affects the content of prepro-corticotropin-releasing hormone, prepro-neurotensin/neuromedin N and prepro-enkephalin mRNAs in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the rat.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Enkephalins; Ethers; Male; Neurotensin; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 1991 |
Partial down-regulation at post-transcriptional level of the gene expression for preproenkephalin in the superior cervical ganglion of the maturing rat.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Gene Expression Regulation; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Transcription, Genetic | 1991 |
Preproenkephalin upregulation in nucleus caudalis: high and low intensity afferent stimulation differentially modulate early and late responses.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Capsaicin; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Trigeminal Nerve | 1990 |
Adaptative changes in two indices of enkephalin neuron activity in mouse striatum following GABAergic stimulation.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Diazepam; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Male; Mice; Muscimol; Oligopeptides; Protein Precursors; Receptors, GABA-A; RNA, Messenger | 1990 |
Enkephalin biosynthesis and release in mouse striatum are inhibited by GABA receptor stimulation: compared changes in preproenkephalin mRNA and Tyr-Gly-Gly levels.
Topics: Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Diazepam; Enkephalins; Flumazenil; Kinetics; Leucine; Male; Mice; Muscimol; Oligopeptides; Protein Precursors; Receptors, GABA-A; RNA, Messenger | 1990 |
Regulation of both preproenkephalin mRNA and its derived opioids by haloperidol--a method for measurement of peptides and mRNA in the same tissue extract.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Bromocriptine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Haloperidol; Male; Organ Specificity; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger | 1990 |
Expression of a human proenkephalin A cDNA in Escherichia coli.
Topics: Chromosome Deletion; Cloning, Molecular; DNA Transposable Elements; DNA, Recombinant; Enkephalins; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genetic Vectors; Open Reading Frames; Plasmids; Protein Precursors; Recombinant Proteins | 1990 |
Sertoli cells are the primary site of prodynorphin gene expression in rat testis: regulation of mRNA and secreted peptide levels by cyclic adenosine 3' ,5'-monophosphate analogs in cultured cells.
Topics: Animals; Bucladesine; Cells, Cultured; Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme; Chromatography; Clusterin; Cyclic AMP; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Glycoproteins; Kinetics; Male; Molecular Chaperones; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Sertoli Cells; Testis; Thionucleotides; Tissue Distribution | 1990 |
Cleavage of recombinant enkephalin precursor by endoproteolytic activity in bovine chromaffin granules.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cattle; Cell Fractionation; Chromaffin Granules; Chromaffin System; Enkephalins; Enzyme Activation; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptide Hydrolases; Protease Inhibitors; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Transcription, Genetic | 1990 |
Multiple preproenkephalin transcriptional start sites are induced by stress and cholinergic pathways.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Base Sequence; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hypothalamus; Kidney; Liver; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Nicotine; Oligonucleotide Probes; Oxotremorine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; Transcription, Genetic | 1990 |
[Research on potential preproenkephalin processing enzyme in adrenal medulla chromaffin granules].
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Chromaffin Granules; Enkephalins; Humans; Protein Precursors; Serine Endopeptidases | 1990 |
Expression of the prodynorphin gene in the developing and adult cerebral cortex of the rat: an in situ hybridization study.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Neurons; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger | 1990 |
Prodynorphin messenger RNA expression in the rat anterior pituitary is regulated by estrogen.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Estrogen; RNA, Messenger; Tamoxifen | 1990 |
Pharmacological regulation of striatal prodynorphin peptides.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Drug Interactions; Enkephalins; Haloperidol; Male; Morphine; Naltrexone; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substantia Nigra | 1990 |
Identification of prodynorphin and proenkephalin mRNA expressing cells in the neurointermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Male; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA Probes; RNA, Messenger; Tissue Distribution | 1990 |
Opioid peptide mRNAs in the rat pineal.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Pineal Gland; Pituitary Gland; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger | 1990 |
The release of alpha-neoendorphin from rat hippocampus following kainic acid-induced seizures.
Topics: Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Seizures | 1990 |
Postnatal development of preproenkephalin mRNA containing neurons in the rat lower brainstem.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Brain Stem; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger | 1990 |
Chronic naltrexone treatment increases expression of preproenkephalin and preprotachykinin mRNA in discrete brain regions.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Enkephalins; Male; Naltrexone; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution | 1990 |
Perforant path kindling induces differential alterations in the mRNA levels coding for prodynorphin and proenkephalin in the rat hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Kindling, Neurologic; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger | 1990 |
Detection of Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin in the brain of the hagfish, Eptatretus stouti, and the lamprey, Petromyzon marinus.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Fishes; Hagfishes; Lampreys; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay | 1990 |
Glucocorticoid regulation of preproenkephalin messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat striatum.
Topics: Adrenalectomy; Animals; Brain; Circadian Rhythm; Corpus Striatum; Corticosterone; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucocorticoids; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Restraint, Physical; RNA, Messenger; Stress, Physiological | 1990 |
Chronic exposure to opioid agonists and antagonists affects prodynorphin gene expression.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1990 |
Morphine affects prodynorphin gene expression in some areas of rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Male; Morphine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger | 1990 |
Immunohistochemistry of beta-neoendorphin and dynorphin in the endocrine pancreas of rat and man.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Frozen Sections; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Islets of Langerhans; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Rats; Species Specificity; Staining and Labeling | 1985 |
Coordinate expression of hypothalamic pro-dynorphin and pro-vasopressin mRNAs with osmotic stimulation.
Topics: Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Autoradiography; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hypothalamus; Male; Neurophysins; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Osmolar Concentration; Oxytocin; Poly A; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA; RNA, Messenger; Vasopressins | 1986 |
Prodynorphin gene expression is enhanced in the spinal cord of chronic arthritic rats.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Arthritis, Experimental; Body Weight; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Organ Size; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 1987 |
Co-existence of prodynorphin--opioid peptides and substance P in primary sensory afferents of guinea-pigs.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Ganglia; Guinea Pigs; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Neurons, Afferent; Protein Precursors; Substance P | 1986 |
Prodynorphin gene expression in spinal cord is enhanced after traumatic injury in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA; RNA, Complementary; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord Injuries | 1988 |
Monoclonal antibodies to a proenkephalin A fusion peptide synthesized in Escherichia coli recognize novel proenkephalin A precursor forms.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigen-Antibody Complex; beta-Galactosidase; Cattle; Chromaffin Granules; Enkephalins; Epitopes; Escherichia coli; Immunoblotting; Protein Precursors; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Recombinant Proteins | 1988 |
Regulated expression of the prodynorphin gene in the R2C Leydig tumor cell line.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Cyclic AMP; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Leydig Cell Tumor; Male; Mice; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Testicular Neoplasms; Testis; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Transcription, Genetic; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1989 |
Peptide neuroanatomy of adjuvant-induced arthritic inflammation in rat.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Arthritis, Experimental; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; Immunohistochemistry; Nerve Fibers; Neuropeptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Skin; Spinal Cord; Substance P | 1988 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA expression in developing rat heart and in cultured ventricular cardiac muscle cells.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Heart; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocardium; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate | 1989 |
Rat brain regional preproenkephalin A messenger RNA levels are altered in genetic hypertension.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Brain; Enkephalins; Hybridization, Genetic; Hypertension; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Myelin Basic Protein; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; RNA, Messenger | 1989 |
The colocalization of substance P and prodynorphin immunoreactivity in neurons of the medial preoptic area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial nucleus of the amygdala of the Syrian hamster.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Cricetinae; Enkephalins; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mesocricetus; Preoptic Area; Protein Precursors; Substance P | 1989 |
Medial forebrain bundle stimulation or D-2 dopamine receptor activation increases preproenkephalin mRNA in rat striatum.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Diencephalon; Dopamine; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Ergolines; Male; Medial Forebrain Bundle; Methamphetamine; Neural Pathways; Protein Precursors; Quinpirole; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Telencephalon | 1989 |
Changes in prodynorphin peptide content following treatment with morphine or amphetamine: possible role in mechanisms of action of drug of abuse.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Dextroamphetamine; Enkephalins; Euphoria; Male; Morphine; Neural Pathways; Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Substantia Nigra | 1989 |
Localization of striatal opioid gene expression, and its modulation by the mesostriatal dopamine pathway: an in situ hybridization study.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Hydroxydopamines; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Tritium | 1989 |
Steady-state levels of pro-dynorphin-related end-products from the brain of the amphibian, Xenopus laevis.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Protein Precursors; Xenopus laevis | 1989 |
Transcriptional control of adrenal catecholamine and opiate peptide transmitter genes.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Amanitins; Animals; Cell Nucleus; Cells, Cultured; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1989 |
Elevated dynorphin in the hippocampal formation of aged rats: relation to cognitive impairment on a spatial learning task.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Cognition; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; Learning; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 1989 |
Measurement and chromatographic characterization of prodynorphin-derived peptides in the guinea-pig ileum.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay | 1989 |
Temporal analysis of increases in c-fos, preprodynorphin and preproenkephalin mRNAs in rat spinal cord.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Male; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 1989 |
Induction of the gene encoding pro-dynorphin by experimentally induced arthritis enhances staining for dynorphin in the spinal cord of rats.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 1989 |
Prodynorphin peptide distribution in the forebrain of the Syrian hamster and rat: a comparative study with antisera against dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and the C-terminus of the prodynorphin precursor molecule.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Colchicine; Cricetinae; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Immune Sera; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Mesocricetus; Peptide Fragments; Perfusion; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Species Specificity | 1989 |
Translational control of germ cell-expressed mRNA imposed by alternative splicing: opioid peptide gene expression in rat testis.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Blotting, Northern; Enkephalins; Exons; Gene Expression Regulation; Introns; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Poly A; Polyribosomes; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; Rats; Ribonucleases; RNA Splicing; RNA, Messenger; Testis | 1989 |
Electroconvulsive shock increases preproenkephalin messenger RNA abundance in rat hypothalamus.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Electroshock; Enkephalins; Humans; Hypothalamus; Male; Methionine; Poly A; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA; RNA, Messenger | 1985 |
Changes of proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNAs and related peptides in rat brain during the development of deep prepyriform cortex kindling.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Kindling, Neurologic; Male; Neuropeptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344 | 1989 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA expression in nucleus caudalis neurons is enhanced by trigeminal stimulation.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Trigeminal Ganglion | 1989 |
Characterization of the rat prodynorphin gene.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; DNA; Enkephalins; Genes; Hippocampus; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleotide Mapping; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Ribonucleases; RNA Caps; Testis | 1989 |
The posttranslational processing of prodynorphin in the rat anterior pituitary.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalins; Hypothalamus; Immunologic Techniques; Male; Molecular Weight; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Precipitin Tests; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord; Tissue Extracts | 1989 |
Postnatal expression of opioid genes in rat brain.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Brain; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 1989 |
A new species of enkephalin precursor mRNA with a distinct 5'-untranslated region in haploid germ cells.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Brain Chemistry; Codon; DNA; Enkephalins; Haploidy; Introns; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Spermatids; Tissue Distribution | 1989 |
Synthesis and biological evaluation of human preproenkephalin (100-111) and its analogs.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Chromatography; Enkephalins; Humans; Mice; Oxidation-Reduction; Peptides; Protein Precursors | 1989 |
Preproenkephalin DNA-binding proteins in the rat: 5' flanking region.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Cell Nucleus; Corpus Striatum; Cytosol; DNA-Binding Proteins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Signal Transduction; Subcellular Fractions; Transcription Factors | 1989 |
Preproenkephalin gene expression in the rat spinal cord after noxious stimuli.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 1989 |
Single or repeated electroconvulsive shocks alter the levels of prodynorphin and proenkephalin mRNAs in rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Electroshock; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Messenger | 1989 |
Identification of high molecular weight peptides in bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin granules using monoclonal antibodies to a preproenkephalin A fusion peptide.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cattle; Chromaffin Granules; Chromaffin System; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalins; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Molecular Weight; Peptides; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Recombinant Proteins | 1989 |
Deep prepyriform cortex kindling differentially alters the levels of prodynorphin mRNA in rat hippocampus and striatum.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; Kindling, Neurologic; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Messenger | 1989 |
cDNA sequences of two inducible T-cell genes.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Biological Evolution; Cell Line; DNA; Enkephalins; Esterases; Humans; Interleukin-5; Interleukins; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; T-Lymphocytes | 1989 |
Influence of steroids on the hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor and preproenkephalin mRNA responses to stress.
Topics: Adrenalectomy; Animals; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dexamethasone; Enkephalins; Female; Kinetics; Neurons; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Stress, Physiological | 1989 |
Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of peptides derived from proenkephalin, prodynorphin and proopiomelanocortin in the guinea pig pineal gland.
Topics: alpha-MSH; Animals; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Peptides; Pineal Gland; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors | 1988 |
Differential expression of preproenkephalin and transin mRNAs following oncogenic transformation: evidence for two classes of oncogene induced genes.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Transformed; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cloning, Molecular; Cyclic AMP; Dexamethasone; Enkephalins; Fibroblasts; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; Metalloendopeptidases; Oncogenes; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Neoplasm | 1988 |
Potent depressor action of leumorphin, a kappa-opioid agonist, in conscious rats.
Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Depression, Chemical; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid | 1988 |
Opioid gene expression in rat striatum is modulated via opioid receptors: evidence from localized receptor inactivation.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Naltrexone; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; RNA, Messenger | 1988 |
Types of opioid receptors: relation to antinociception.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1985 |
Proenkephalin and prodynorphin related neuropeptides in the cochlea.
Topics: Animals; Cochlea; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Guinea Pigs; Hair Cells, Auditory; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Protein Precursors | 1985 |
Dynorphinergic pathways of Leu-enkephalin production in the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Male; Neural Pathways; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substantia Nigra | 1985 |
Stimulation by leumorphin of prolactin secretion from the pituitary in rats.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Naloxone; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Prolactin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Swine; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone | 1985 |
Isolation and characterization of an endogenous C-terminal fragment of the alpha-neo-endorphin/dynorphin precursor from bovine caudate nucleus.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Caudate Nucleus; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Protein Precursors; Rabbits; Radioimmunoassay | 1985 |
Neuropeptide processing by single-step cleavage: conversion of leumorphin (dynorphin B-29) to dynorphin B.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cell Membrane; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Dynorphins; Endopeptidases; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Iodine Radioisotopes; Kinetics; Protein Precursors; Rats | 1985 |
Dynorphin levels in parkinsonian patients: Leu5-enkephalin production from either proenkephalin A or prodynorphin in human brain.
Topics: Aged; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Protein Precursors | 1985 |
Effects of dehydration on pro-dynorphin derived peptides in the neuro-intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Dehydration; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Food Deprivation; Hypothalamus; Male; Peptide Fragments; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
Endogenous opioids and related peptides: from molecular biology to clinical medicine. The Sir Henry Dale lecture for 1985.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Locomotion; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pituitary Gland; Protein Conformation; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Sexual Behavior, Animal | 1985 |
Steady state levels of pro-dynorphin-related end products in the striatum and substantia nigra of the adult rhesus monkey.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Macaca mulatta; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Substantia Nigra | 1985 |
Peptides derived from prodynorphin are decreased in basal ganglia of Huntington's disease brains.
Topics: Basal Ganglia; Caudate Nucleus; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Globus Pallidus; Humans; Huntington Disease; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Substantia Nigra | 1986 |
Conversion of leumorphin (dynorphin B-29) to dynorphin B and dynorphin B-14 by thiol protease activity.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Dynorphins; Endopeptidases; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Peptides; Protease Inhibitors; Protein Precursors; Temperature | 1986 |
Changes in the immunoreactivities of an opioid peptide leumorphin in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary during the estrous cycle of the rat and their relation to sexual behavior.
Topics: Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Estrus; Female; Hypothalamus; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sexual Behavior, Animal | 1986 |
Expression of the enkephalin precursor gene in C6 rat glioma cells: regulation by beta-adrenergic agonists and glucocorticoids.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Cell Line; Dexamethasone; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Glioma; Glucocorticoids; Norepinephrine; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 1986 |
Kainic acid alters the metabolism of Met5-enkephalin and the level of dynorphin A in the rat hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; Histocytochemistry; Immunochemistry; Kainic Acid; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Messenger; Seizures | 1986 |
Response of rat pituitary anterior lobe prodynorphin products to changes in gonadal steroid environment.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Male; Orchiectomy; Ovariectomy; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Protein Precursors; Rats; Testosterone | 1986 |
Expression of the prodynorphin gene in male and female mammalian reproductive tissues.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Female; Genes; Genitalia, Female; Genitalia, Male; Guinea Pigs; Male; Molecular Weight; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Poly A; Protein Precursors; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Sex Factors; Species Specificity; Tissue Distribution | 1987 |
Preproenkephalin B-derived opioid peptides in human phaeochromocytomas.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Cells, Cultured; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Epinephrine; Female; Glucagon; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Norepinephrine; Pheochromocytoma; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay | 1987 |
Neonatal and adult 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions differentially alter tachykinin and enkephalin gene expression.
Topics: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine; Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Benzazepines; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Ergolines; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Hydroxydopamines; Male; Motor Activity; Neuropeptides; Oxidopamine; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Quinpirole; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Tachykinins | 1987 |
Bridge peptide is a cleavage product of pro-dynorphin processing in the rat anterior pituitary.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Molecular Weight; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1986 |
Chromosomal localization of the human proenkephalin and prodynorphin genes.
Topics: Alleles; Animals; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8; Cricetinae; Enkephalins; Genetic Markers; Humans; Hybrid Cells; Mice; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Protein Precursors | 1988 |
Co-localization of proenkephalin- and prodynorphin-derived opioid peptides in laminae IV/V spinal neurons revealed in arthritic rats.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Oligopeptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord | 1988 |
Cerebrospinal fluid activity of dynorphin-converting enzyme at term pregnancy.
Topics: Cesarean Section; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Luteal Phase; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Serine Endopeptidases | 1988 |
Lithium increases dynorphin A(1-8) and prodynorphin mRNA levels in the basal ganglia of rats.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Chlorides; Corpus Striatum; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Haloperidol; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lithium; Lithium Carbonate; Lithium Chloride; Male; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 1988 |
Differential activation of spinal cord dynorphin and enkephalin neurons during hyperalgesia: evidence using cDNA hybridization.
Topics: Animals; DNA; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Hyperalgesia; Hyperesthesia; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger | 1988 |
Enterochromaffin (EC-) cells of the mammalian gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) endocrine system: cellular source of pro-dynorphin-derived peptides.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Cattle; Chromaffin System; Digestive System; Dogs; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Enterochromaffin Cells; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Pancreas; Pituitary Gland; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors | 1988 |
Differential expression of preproenkephalin and preprodynorphin mRNAs in striatal neurons: high levels of preproenkephalin expression depend on cerebral cortical afferents.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; DNA; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Neurons; Neurons, Afferent; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 1988 |
Glutamate and dynorphin release from a subcellular fraction enriched in hippocampal mossy fiber synaptosomes.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Deoxyglucose; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes | 1988 |
Comparative distribution of three opioid systems in the lower brainstem of the monkey (Macaca fuscata).
Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Brain Stem; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Macaca; Male; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors | 1989 |
Activation of mouse T-helper cells induces abundant preproenkephalin mRNA synthesis.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cattle; Cell Line; Cloning, Molecular; DNA; Enkephalins; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Mice; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer | 1986 |
Single and repeated electroconvulsive shock differentially affects the prodynorphin and pro-opiomelanocortin system in the rat.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Brain Chemistry; Catalepsy; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Pituitary Gland; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord; Time Factors | 1987 |
Two types of mouse helper T cell clone. III. Further differences in lymphokine synthesis between Th1 and Th2 clones revealed by RNA hybridization, functionally monospecific bioassays, and monoclonal antibodies.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Biological Assay; Cell Division; Cell Line; Clone Cells; Colony-Stimulating Factors; Enkephalins; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Growth Substances; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-3; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-5; Interleukins; Lymphokines; Lymphotoxin-alpha; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 1987 |
Ontogeny and regional distribution of proenkephalin- and prodynorphin-derived peptides and opioid receptors in rat hippocampus.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Embryo, Mammalian; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid | 1985 |
Glucocorticoids and cyclic AMP synergistically regulate the abundance of preproenkephalin messenger RNA in neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells.
Topics: Base Sequence; Cells, Cultured; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Glioma; Glucocorticoids; Hybrid Cells; Neuroblastoma; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger | 1986 |
Dopaminergic regulation of striatal proenkephalin mRNA and prodynorphin mRNA: contrasting effects of D1 and D2 antagonists.
Topics: Animals; Benzazepines; Corpus Striatum; DNA; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Haloperidol; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger | 1988 |
Anatomical approaches to the study of neuropeptides and related mRNA in the central nervous system.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antibody Specificity; Autoradiography; Cats; Central Nervous System; Cross Reactions; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Guinea Pigs; Haplorhini; Histocytochemistry; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 1986 |
Pro-dynorphin is endogenous to the anterior pituitary and is co-localized with LH and FSH in the gonadotrophs.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Enkephalins; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Tissue Distribution | 1986 |
A processing enzyme for prodynorphin derived peptides.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Enkephalins; Kinetics; Metalloendopeptidases; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Substrate Specificity | 1986 |
Leumorphin is a potent inhibitor of vasopressin secretion.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Cerebral Ventricles; Dehydration; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1986 |
Increased enkephalin gene expression in the hippocampus following seizures.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Genes; Hippocampus; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Transcription, Genetic | 1986 |
Centrally administered leumorphin possesses potent depressor activity in conscious rats.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cerebral Ventricles; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1986 |
Second messenger mechanisms governing opiate peptide transmitter regulation in the rat adrenal medulla.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Calcimycin; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Male; Organ Culture Techniques; Protein Kinase C; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic; Trifluoperazine | 1988 |
Expression of the enkephalin precursor gene in rat Sertoli cells. Regulation by follicle-stimulating hormone.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Kinetics; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Sertoli Cells; Transcription, Genetic | 1988 |
Morphine alters preproenkephalin gene expression.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Drug Implants; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Morphine; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1988 |
Regulation of striatal prodynorphin mRNA levels by the raphe-striatal pathway.
Topics: 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine; Animals; Autoradiography; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Septal Nuclei; Serotonin | 1988 |
Transient increases and individual variations in preprocholecystokinin gene expression in rat telencephalic regions during postnatal development: a quantitative comparison between preprocholecystokinin mRNA and preproenkephalin mRNA.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cerebral Cortex; Cholecystokinin; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Genes; Hippocampus; Organ Specificity; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Telencephalon; Transcription, Genetic | 1988 |
Serum acetylcholinesterase possesses trypsin-like and carboxypeptidase B-like activity.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Carboxypeptidase B; Carboxypeptidases; Cattle; Eels; Enkephalins; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Trypsin | 1988 |
Opioid modulation of vasopressin secretion in conscious rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Carbachol; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Heart Rate; Male; Naloxone; Nicotine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vasopressins | 1988 |
Inhibitory action of leumorphin on vasopressin secretion in conscious rats.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Brain; Carbachol; Dehydration; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Naloxone; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1988 |
Implication of leumorphin in inhibitory control of vasopressin secretion in conscious rats.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Consciousness; Enkephalins; Male; Naloxone; Protein Precursors; Rats | 1988 |
Enkephalin precursor gene expression in postmeiotic germ cells.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Genes; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Spermatids; Testis; Transcription, Genetic | 1988 |
Electrical stimulation in vivo increases the expression of proenkephalin mRNA and decreases the expression of prodynorphin mRNA in rat hippocampal granule cells.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger | 1988 |
Significance levels for biological sequence comparison using non-linear similarity functions.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Biometry; Enkephalins; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Precursors; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid | 1988 |
Tissue content of opioid peptides in the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle of guinea-pig small intestine.
Topics: Animals; Biological Assay; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Intestine, Small; Male; Mice; Muscle Contraction; Myenteric Plexus; Naloxone; Protein Precursors; Tissue Distribution; Vas Deferens | 1988 |
Dexamethasone increases mRNA of preproenkephalin A in cultured human pheochromocytoma cells.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Dexamethasone; Enkephalins; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Pheochromocytoma; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1988 |
Expression of preproenkephalin mRNA by cultured astrocytes and neurons.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Embryo, Mammalian; Enkephalins; Neuroglia; Neurons; Organ Specificity; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 1988 |
Increase in the relative abundance of preproenkephalin A messenger RNA in the ventricles of cardiomyopathic hamsters.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Cardiomyopathies; Cloning, Molecular; Cricetinae; Enkephalins; Heart Ventricles; Immunoassay; Male; Mesocricetus; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 1988 |
Opioid peptide gene expression in rat trigeminal nucleus caudalis neurons: normal distribution and effects of trigeminal deafferentation.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Denervation; Enkephalins; Genes; Histocytochemistry; Male; Neurons; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Sulfur Radioisotopes; Transcription, Genetic; Trigeminal Nuclei | 1988 |
Anatomical study of enkephalin gene expression in the rat forebrain following haloperidol treatment.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Genes; Haloperidol; Male; Olfactory Bulb; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Septum Pellucidum; Transcription, Genetic | 1987 |
Proenkephalin mRNA in rat heart.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, Gel; DNA; Enkephalins; Genetic Markers; Heart Ventricles; Male; Myocardium; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oligonucleotides; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 1986 |
The chromaffin granule: a model system for the study of hormones and neurotransmitters.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chromaffin Granules; Chromaffin System; Chromogranins; Endocytosis; Enkephalins; Exocytosis; Intracellular Membranes; Membrane Lipids; Membrane Proteins; Protein Precursors | 1987 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA in T-cells, macrophages, and mast cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Enkephalins; Macrophages; Mast Cells; Mice; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; T-Lymphocytes | 1987 |
Preferential action of rat brain cathepsin B as a peptidyl dipeptidase converting pro-opioid oligopeptides.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cathepsin B; Cathepsins; Dipeptidases; Endopeptidases; Enkephalins; Exopeptidases; Kinetics; Male; Peptide Hydrolases; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substrate Specificity | 1986 |
An immunohistochemical study of methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-like immunoreactivity-containing neurons in the parasympathetic preganglionic regions of the rat spinal cord.
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord; Substantia Gelatinosa | 1987 |
Enkephalin biosynthesis and enkephalin gene expression are increased in hippocampal mossy fibers following a unilateral lesion of the hilus.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Male; Nerve Fibers; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger | 1987 |
Leumorphin, a novel opioid peptide, promotes lordosis in female rats.
Topics: Animals; Drug Synergism; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Ovariectomy; Periaqueductal Gray; Posture; Protein Precursors; Rats; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Stimulation, Chemical; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | 1987 |
Localization of preproenkephalin mRNA in the rat brain and spinal cord by in situ hybridization.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Enkephalins; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Tissue Distribution | 1987 |
Preproenkephalin A-derived opioid peptides and mRNA of preproenkephalin A in human pheochromocytomas.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pheochromocytoma; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; RNA, Messenger | 1987 |
Distribution pattern of metorphamide compared with other opioid peptides from proenkephalin and prodynorphin in the bovine brain.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Specificity; Brain; Cattle; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Male; Protein Precursors; Rabbits; Radioimmunoassay; Tissue Distribution | 1987 |
A solution hybridization assay for the quantitation of prodynorphin mRNA.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; DNA, Recombinant; Enkephalins; Female; Genitalia; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger | 1987 |
Levels of prodynorphin mRNA in rat dentate gyrus are decreased during hippocampal kindling.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; Kindling, Neurologic; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger | 1987 |
GENEVIEW and the DNACE data bus: computational tools for analysis, display and exchange of genetic information.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cattle; Computers; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Information Systems; Nucleic Acids; Protein Precursors; Software | 1986 |
GABAergic regulation of enkephalin in rat striatum: alterations in Met5-enkephalin level, precursor content and preproenkephalin messenger RNA abundance.
Topics: Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 1986 |
Detection of the mRNA coding for enkephalin precursor in the rat brain and adrenal by using an 'in situ' hybridization procedure.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; DNA; Enkephalins; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 1986 |
Expression and cell type--specific processing of human preproenkephalin with a vaccinia recombinant.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Chlorocebus aethiops; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Mice; Protein Precursors; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Vaccinia virus | 1986 |
Localization of prodynorphin messenger rna in rat brain by in situ hybridization using a synthetic oligonucleotide probe.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Supraoptic Nucleus | 1986 |
Opiates induce long-term increases in prodynorphin-derived peptide levels in the guinea-pig myenteric plexus.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Dextrorphan; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Ileum; Levorphanol; Male; Mice; Myenteric Plexus; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Peptides; Protein Precursors | 1986 |
Species-specific processing of prodynorphin in the posterior pituitary of mammals.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Macaca mulatta; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Species Specificity; Swine | 1987 |
Induction of ornithine decarboxylase as a possible mediator of seizure-elicited changes in genomic expression in rat hippocampus.
Topics: Adrenalectomy; Animals; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; Kinetics; Male; Ornithine Decarboxylase; Pentobarbital; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Seizures | 1986 |
Potent action of leumorphin on consummatory behaviors in rats: comparison with other opioid peptides.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Carbachol; Drinking Behavior; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Feeding Behavior; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1986 |
Characterization of opioid peptides in human thyroid medullary carcinoma.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Carcinoma; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Male; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Thyroid Neoplasms | 1987 |
Identification of a proenkephalin precursor in striatal tissue.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Gel; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Isoelectric Focusing; Male; Molecular Weight; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
Characterization of the prodynorphin and proenkephalin neuropeptide systems in rat hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; Histocytochemistry; Immunochemistry; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tissue Distribution | 1985 |
Detection of the messenger RNAs coding for the opioid peptide precursors in pituitary and adrenal by "in situ' hybridization: study in several mammal species.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Autoradiography; Cats; Cattle; Chlorisondamine; Cricetinae; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pempidine; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Species Specificity; Swine | 1985 |
Modulation of striatal enkephalinergic neurons by antipsychotic drugs.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Haloperidol; Humans; Hypophysectomy; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Dopamine; Reserpine; RNA, Messenger | 1985 |
Proenkephalin- and prodynorphin- derived opioid peptides in guinea-pig heart.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Male; Myocardium; Protein Precursors | 1985 |
Leumorphin in human brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalins; Humans; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Species Specificity; Swine | 1985 |
Distribution of human leumorphin-like immunoreactivity in the monkey spinal cord revealed by immunocytochemistry.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunochemistry; Macaca; Male; Protein Precursors; Spinal Cord; Tissue Distribution | 1985 |
Detection of preprocholecystokinin and preproenkephalin A mRNAs in rat brain by hybridization histochemistry using complementary RNA probes.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain Chemistry; Cholecystokinin; Enkephalins; Histocytochemistry; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Plasmids; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger | 1985 |
Sequence and expression of the rat prodynorphin gene.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Humans; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Swine; Tissue Distribution | 1985 |
Expression of preproenkephalin-like mRNA and its peptide products in mammalian testis and ovary.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Cattle; Cricetinae; Enkephalins; Female; Liver; Male; Mesocricetus; Molecular Weight; Ovary; Peptides; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Species Specificity; Testis | 1985 |
Depolarization regulates adrenal preproenkephalin mRNA.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Membrane Potentials; Molecular Weight; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Veratridine | 1985 |
Prodynorphin immunoreactivity is located in different neurons than proenkephalin immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex of rats.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Limbic System; Male; Olfactory Pathways; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
Co-localization and characterization of immunoreactive peptides derived from two opioid precursors in guinea pig adrenal glands.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Chromatography, Gel; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Guinea Pigs; Male; Peptides; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Tissue Distribution | 1985 |
Prodynorphin peptide immunocytochemistry in rhesus monkey brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Stem; Cats; Colchicine; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Frozen Sections; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Macaca mulatta; Protein Precursors; Rats; Species Specificity | 1985 |
Radioligands for probing opioid receptors.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Benzomorphans; Binding Sites; Brain; Cyclazocine; Diprenorphine; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Ethylketocyclazocine; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Myenteric Plexus; Naloxone; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Pyrrolidines; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Vas Deferens | 1984 |
Opiate activity of peptides derived from the three opioid peptide families on the rat vas deferens.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Endorphins; Enkephalins; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Vas Deferens | 1984 |
A novel opioid peptide, leumorphin, acts as an agonist at the kappa opiate receptor.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; Male; Muscle Contraction; Naloxone; Neuromuscular Junction; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Structure-Activity Relationship; Swine; Vas Deferens | 1983 |
Relative contents and concomitant release of prodynorphin/neoendorphin-derived peptides in rat hippocampus.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; Kinetics; Male; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1983 |
Dynorphin converting enzyme with unusual specificity from rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Dynorphins; Endopeptidases; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Male; Peptide Fragments; Protease Inhibitors; Protein Precursors; Rats; Substrate Specificity | 1984 |
Proenkephalin B (prodynorphin)-derived opioid peptides: evidence for a differential processing in lobes of the pituitary.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Male; Molecular Weight; Peptide Fragments; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tissue Distribution | 1984 |
Human leumorphin is a potent, kappa opioid receptor agonist.
Topics: Animals; Benzomorphans; Depression, Chemical; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Ileum; Male; Naloxone; Protein Precursors; Rabbits; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Swine; Vas Deferens | 1984 |
Ontogenetic development of the pro-enkephalin B (= pro-dynorphin) opioid peptide system in the rat pituitary.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cell Differentiation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Female; Male; Molecular Weight; Oxytocin; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vasopressins | 1984 |
A simple and very efficient method for generating cDNA libraries.
Topics: Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; DNA; Enkephalins; Escherichia coli; Globins; Protein Precursors; RNA, Bacterial | 1983 |
Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for bovine adrenal preproenkephalin.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Cattle; Cloning, Molecular; DNA; DNA Restriction Enzymes; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 1982 |
Isolation and structural organization of the human preproenkephalin gene.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cattle; Cloning, Molecular; DNA; DNA Restriction Enzymes; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Genes; Humans; Plasmids; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Species Specificity | 1982 |
Synthesis of porcine leumorphin and some of its biological activities.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Biological Assay; Dynorphins; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; Indicators and Reagents; Mice; Muscle Contraction; Naloxone; Narcotics; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Swine | 1983 |
Comparison of the action of putative endogenous kappa-agonists, leumorphin and rimorphin in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Biological Assay; Dynorphins; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Naloxone; Protein Precursors; Rabbits; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Vas Deferens | 1983 |
Sequence requirement for transcription in vivo of the human preproenkephalin A gene.
Topics: Base Composition; Base Sequence; Cell Line; DNA Restriction Enzymes; DNA, Recombinant; Enkephalins; Genes; Humans; Operon; Plasmids; Protein Precursors; Transcription, Genetic | 1983 |
Tissue distribution of messenger RNAs coding for opioid peptide precursors and related RNA.
Topics: Animals; beta-Lipotropin; Cattle; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Molecular Weight; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Swine; Tissue Distribution | 1984 |
Immunohistochemical evidence that brain enkephalins arise from a precursor similar to adrenal preproenkephalin.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Brain; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Histocytochemistry; Immune Sera; Immunologic Techniques; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1983 |
[Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactivity-containing nerve elements in the canine pancreas--an immunohistochemical study].
Topics: Animals; Cytoplasmic Granules; Dogs; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Ganglia; Histocytochemistry; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Fibers; Pancreas; Protein Precursors | 1984 |
Immunohistochemical evidence for preproenkephalin A synthesis in human retinoblastoma.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Eye Neoplasms; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Infant; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Protein Precursors; Retinoblastoma | 1984 |
Immunohistochemical study on Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the rat adrenal medulla.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Cholinergic Fibers; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Fibers; Protein Precursors; Rats | 1984 |
Immunohistochemical localization of unique enkephalin sequences contained in preproenkephalin A in the guinea pig cochlea.
Topics: Animals; Cochlea; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Guinea Pigs; Hair Cells, Auditory; Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner; Organ of Corti; Protein Precursors; Spiral Ganglion | 1984 |
Colocalization of immunoreactive proenkephalin and prodynorphin products in medullary neurons of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neural Pathways; Protein Precursors; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Reticular Formation | 1984 |
In vitro and in vivo evidence that the C-terminus of preproenkephalin-A circulates as an 8500-dalton molecule.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Enkephalins; Molecular Weight; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay | 1984 |
Purification and sequence of an opioid peptide derived from ovine proenkephalin.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cattle; Chromaffin Granules; Chromaffin System; Enkephalins; Humans; Protein Precursors; Sheep; Species Specificity | 1984 |
Carboxypeptidase B-like activity for the processing of enkephalin precursors in the membrane component of bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin granules.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Carboxypeptidase B; Carboxypeptidases; Cattle; Chromaffin Granules; Chromaffin System; Enkephalins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intracellular Membranes; Protein Precursors | 1984 |
Evidence for a differential postnatal development of proenkephalin B (= prodynorphin)-derived opioid peptides in the rat hypothalamus.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalins; Female; Hypothalamus; Male; Molecular Weight; Oxytocin; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Pregnancy; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sex Factors; Vasopressins | 1984 |
Leumorphin is a novel endogenous opioid peptide in man.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Ileum; Muscle Contraction; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay | 1984 |
Detection of the messenger RNA coding for preproenkephalin A in bovine adrenal by in situ hybridization.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; DNA; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Histocytochemistry; Norepinephrine; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger | 1984 |
Rat brain preproenkephalin mRNA. cDNA cloning, primary structure, and distribution in the central nervous system.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Brain Chemistry; Cattle; Cloning, Molecular; DNA; Enkephalins; Humans; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Messenger; Tissue Distribution | 1984 |
The enkephalinergic neuron: implications of a polyenkephalin precursor.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Brain; Catecholamines; Cattle; Chromaffin Granules; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay | 1983 |
Differential processing of prodynorphin and proenkephalin in specific regions of the rat brain.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Brain; Enkephalins; Globus Pallidus; Male; Median Eminence; Preoptic Area; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substantia Nigra; Tissue Distribution | 1984 |
Denervation of rat adrenal glands markedly increases preproenkephalin mRNA.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Denervation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger | 1984 |
Molecular cloning and sequence determination of rat preproenkephalin cDNA: sensitive probe for studying transcriptional changes in rat tissues.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Brain; Cattle; Cloning, Molecular; DNA; Enkephalins; Genes; Humans; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Messenger; Species Specificity; Transcription, Genetic | 1984 |
Regional distribution of methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 in the rat brain: comparative study with the distribution of other opioid peptides.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Male; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tissue Distribution | 1983 |
Regulation of methionine-enkephalin precursor messenger RNA in rat striatum by haloperidol and lithium.
Topics: Animals; Cell-Free System; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Haloperidol; Lithium; Male; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Messenger | 1983 |
Opioid peptides derived from pre-proenkephalin B sequence: biological evaluation in guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Protein Precursors; Vas Deferens | 1983 |
Processing of prodynorphin at single and paired basic residues in porcine neurointermediate lobe.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Pituitary Gland; Protein Precursors; Swine | 1983 |
Leumorphin is a novel endogenous opioid peptide derived from preproenkephalin B.
Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dynorphins; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Pituitary Gland; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Swine | 1983 |
[Computer bank of amino acid sequences of protein hormones. Comparative analysis of the sequences in pro-opio-melanocortin, proenkephalin and prodynorphin: detection of phorphin--the 4th repeating peptide in prodynorphin].
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Computers; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Software | 1983 |
The structure and expression of the preproenkephalin gene.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; DNA; Enkephalins; Escherichia coli; Genes; Humans; Plasmids; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; Rabbits; Reticulocytes; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 1982 |
Evidence for the existence of a mutated enkephalin sequence in preproenkephalin.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cattle; Enkephalins; Mutation; Protein Precursors | 1982 |
Preproenkephalin and preprotachykinin messenger RNA expression in normal human basal ganglia and in Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autoradiography; Basal Ganglia; Dopamine Agents; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Neostriatum; Parkinson Disease; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tachykinins | 1995 |
Seizure related changes in the regulation of opioid genes and transcription factors in the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dentate Gyrus; DNA; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, fos; Genes, jun; Kainic Acid; Male; Opioid Peptides; Pentylenetetrazole; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Seizures; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription Factors | 1995 |
Characterization of human prodynorphin gene transcripts.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Base Sequence; Brain; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Cell Line; Enkephalins; Exons; Gene Expression; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Organ Specificity; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; RNA Probes; RNA, Messenger; Testis; Transcription, Genetic; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1995 |
DNA structure determines protein binding and transcriptional efficiency of the proenkephalin cAMP-responsive enhancer.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; Chromatography, Affinity; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; DNA; Enkephalins; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Peptide Fragments; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Binding; Protein Precursors; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Transcription, Genetic | 1995 |
GABA and enkephalin projection from the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum to the ventral tegmental area.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Dyes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Globus Pallidus; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Stilbamidines; Substance P; Synaptic Transmission; Tegmentum Mesencephali | 1993 |
Effects of intranigral injections of colchicine on the expression of some neuropeptides in the rat forebrain: an immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization study.
Topics: Animals; Colchicine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Injections; Neuropeptide Y; Neuropeptides; Prosencephalon; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Substance P; Substantia Nigra; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1994 |
Rostrocaudal subregional differences in the response of enkephalin, dynorphin and substance P synthesis in rat nucleus accumbens to dopamine depletion.
Topics: Animals; Dopamine; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Neural Pathways; Nucleus Accumbens; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Dopamine; RNA, Messenger; Substance P; Tachykinins | 1994 |
Differential influence of haloperidol and sulpiride on dopamine receptors and peptide mRNA levels in the rat striatum and pituitary.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Growth Hormone; Haloperidol; In Situ Hybridization; Interleukin-6; Male; Neuropeptides; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Prolactin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Dopamine; Substance P; Sulpiride; Up-Regulation | 1994 |
Preproenkephalin gene expression in the rat cerebral cortex during chronic tracheal stenosis.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Blotting, Northern; Cerebral Cortex; Chronic Disease; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiratory Mechanics; RNA; Tidal Volume; Tracheal Stenosis | 1994 |
GABAergic modulation of striatal peptide expression in rats and the alterations induced by dopamine antagonist treatment.
Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Benzazepines; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Antagonists; Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Haloperidol; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Muscimol; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA; RNA, Messenger; Salicylamides; Substance P; Tachykinins; Vigabatrin | 1994 |
The human neostriatum shows compartmentalization of neuropeptide gene expression in dorsal and ventral regions: an in situ hybridization histochemical analysis.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Adolescent; Adult; Cocaine; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Middle Aged; Neostriatum; Neurokinin A; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Somatostatin; Substance P; Tachykinins | 1995 |
Chronic treatment with dizocilpine maleate increases the number of striatal neurons expressing the D2 receptor gene.
Topics: Animals; Dizocilpine Maleate; DNA Probes; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Neostriatum; Neurons; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Substance P | 1995 |
Effect of lactation on hypothalamic preproenkephalin gene expression.
Topics: Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Hypothalamus; Lactation; Pregnancy; Preoptic Area; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1995 |
Purification and characterization of a dynorphin-processing endopeptidase.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Cattle; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Isoelectric Point; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Peptide Fragments; Pituitary Gland; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Serine Endopeptidases; Substrate Specificity | 1995 |
[Leu5]enkephalin-encoding sequences are targets for a specific DNA-binding factor.
Topics: Aging; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Base Sequence; beta-Galactosidase; Binding Sites; Cell Nucleus; DNA-Binding Proteins; Embryo, Mammalian; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Methylation; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recombinant Proteins; Substrate Specificity; Transfection | 1995 |
Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on prodynorphin-derived peptides in rat brain regions.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Hypothalamic Hormones; Male; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1995 |
Processing of prodynorphin-derived peptides in striatal extracts. Identification by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry linked to size-exclusion chromatography.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chromatography, Gel; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Peptide Hydrolases; Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tissue Extracts | 1995 |
Cocaine binges differentially alter striatal preprodynorphin and zif/268 mRNAs.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cocaine; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; DNA-Binding Proteins; Drug Administration Schedule; Dynorphins; Early Growth Response Protein 1; Enkephalins; Immediate-Early Proteins; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Transcription Factors | 1995 |
Neurotransmitter-related gene expression in intrastriatal striatal transplants. III. Regulation by host cortical and dopaminergic afferents.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Histocytochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurotransmitter Agents; Phosphoproteins; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 1995 |
Opioid peptide expression in models of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Basal Ganglia; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Gene Expression; Hippocampus; Male; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 1995 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA-expressing neurones in the rat thalamus.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Female; Geniculate Bodies; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA Probes; RNA, Messenger; Thalamic Nuclei; Thalamus | 1995 |
Enkephalinergic and catecholaminergic neurons constitute separate populations in the rat Kölliker-Fuse/A7 region.
Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Catecholamines; Enkephalins; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1995 |
Short-term cocaine self administration alters striatal gene expression.
Topics: Animals; Cocaine; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Neostriatum; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Self Administration | 1995 |
Chronic L-DOPA treatment differentially regulates gene expression of glutamate decarboxylase, preproenkephalin and preprotachykinin in the striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Behavior, Animal; Carbidopa; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glutamate Decarboxylase; In Situ Hybridization; Levodopa; Molecular Sequence Data; Neostriatum; Oligonucleotide Probes; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 1995 |
Chronic blockade of muscarinic cholinergic receptors by systemic trihexyphenidyl (Artane) administration modulates but does not mediate the dopaminergic regulation of striatal prepropeptide messenger RNA expression.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Dopamine; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neostriatum; Oxidopamine; Pirenzepine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Sympathectomy, Chemical; Tachykinins; Trihexyphenidyl | 1995 |
Birth-related up-regulation of mRNA encoding tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, neuropeptide tyrosine, and prepro-enkephalin in rat adrenal medulla is dependent on postnatal oxygenation.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Enkephalins; Female; Genetic Code; Histocytochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Labor, Obstetric; Neuropeptide Y; Oxygen; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; Up-Regulation | 1995 |
Modulation of preproenkephalin mRNA levels in brain regions and spinal cord of rats treated chronically with morphine.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 1995 |
Developmental regulation of preproenkephalin mRNA in the ovine paraventricular nucleus: effects of stress and glucocorticoids.
Topics: Animals; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Enkephalins; Fetus; Hydrocortisone; In Situ Hybridization; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Sheep; Stress, Physiological | 1995 |
Attenuation of neostriatal preproenkephalin and preprotachykinin mRNA abundance by chronic treatment with the kainate/quisqualate receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione in the rat brain.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Autoradiography; Base Sequence; Enkephalins; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Neostriatum; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Kainic Acid; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 1995 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA enhanced by combination of droperidol with electroacupuncture.
Topics: Acupuncture Analgesia; Animals; Brain; Droperidol; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalins; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1995 |
Antisense knockout of a neuropeptide gene reduces fibroblast proliferation.
Topics: Animals; Cell Cycle; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; DNA; DNA, Antisense; Enkephalins; Fibroblasts; Flow Cytometry; Gene Expression; Genetic Vectors; Plasmids; Protein Precursors; Rats; Restriction Mapping; RNA, Messenger; Thymidine; Transfection | 1995 |
'Binge' cocaine administration induces a sustained increase of prodynorphin mRNA in rat caudate-putamen.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Caudate Nucleus; Cocaine; Drug Administration Schedule; Enkephalins; Humans; Male; Organ Specificity; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA; RNA, Messenger; Substance-Related Disorders; Time Factors | 1993 |
Reduced expression of preproenkephalin in striatal neurons from Huntington's disease patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blotting, Northern; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Huntington Disease; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Middle Aged; Neostriatum; Oligonucleotide Probes; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Sensitivity and Specificity | 1995 |
Ultrastructure of Met5-enkephalin terminals in the caudate-putamen nuclei of adult rats receiving neonatal intranigral 6-hydroxydopamine.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Dopamine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Immunohistochemistry; Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Neostriatum; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Synapses | 1994 |
Expression of preproenkephalin mRNA in rat superior cervical ganglion during postnatal development.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; In Situ Hybridization; Molecular Sequence Data; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Superior Cervical Ganglion; Transcription, Genetic | 1994 |
Evidence for two neurochemical divisions in the human nucleus accumbens.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Analgesics; Benzazepines; Benzomorphans; Densitometry; Dopamine Agonists; Enkephalins; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Middle Aged; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Tetrahydronaphthalenes | 1994 |
Changes in preproenkephalin messenger RNA level in the rat ventromedial hypothalamus during the estrous cycle.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Caudate Nucleus; Enkephalins; Estrus; Female; Hypothalamus; In Situ Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1995 |
Neuronal adaptation to amphetamine and dopamine: molecular mechanisms of prodynorphin gene regulation in rat striatum.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Binding Sites; Cells, Cultured; Corpus Striatum; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; DNA; Dopamine; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, fos; Male; Neurons; Phosphorylation; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Transcription Factor AP-1 | 1995 |
Estrogen regulates preproenkephalin-A mRNA levels in the rat ventromedial nucleus: temporal and cellular aspects.
Topics: Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Behavior, Animal; Cell Count; Enkephalins; Estrogens; Female; Hypothalamus; In Situ Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 1995 |
Posthatching development of preproenkephalin mRNA-expressing cell populations in the pigeon telencephalon.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Brain Mapping; Columbidae; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; In Situ Hybridization; Olfactory Bulb; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Telencephalon | 1995 |
Long-term exposure to opioid antagonists up-regulates prodynorphin gene expression in rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 1995 |
Increased expression of c-jun, junB, AP-1, and preproenkephalin mRNA in rat striatum following a single injection of caffeine.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Caffeine; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Genes, jun; In Situ Hybridization; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Kinetics; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors; Transcription Factor AP-1 | 1995 |
Chromosomal localization of opioid peptide and receptor genes in the mouse.
Topics: Animals; Chromosome Mapping; DNA; Enkephalins; Female; Haplotypes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1995 |
A chimeric study of the molecular basis of affinity and selectivity of the kappa and the delta opioid receptors. Potential role of extracellular domains.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cell Polarity; Enkephalins; Ligands; Molecular Sequence Data; Opioid Peptides; Opium; Protein Binding; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1995 |
Opioid precursor gene expression in the human hypothalamus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hypothalamus; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Middle Aged; Neurons; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Sensitivity and Specificity | 1995 |
Elevation of striatal and accumbal preproenkephalin, preprotachykinin and preprodynorphin mRNA abundance subsequent to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockade with MK-801.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Corpus Striatum; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Molecular Probes; Molecular Sequence Data; Neuropeptides; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 1995 |
Distribution of preproenkephalin messenger RNA in the basal ganglia and limbic-associated regions of the monkey telencephalon.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Basal Ganglia; Base Sequence; Enkephalins; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Limbic System; Macaca mulatta; Molecular Sequence Data; Nerve Fibers; Protein Precursors; RNA Probes; RNA, Messenger; Telencephalon | 1995 |
Forskolin induces preproenkephalin and preprodynorphin mRNA in rat striatum as demonstrated by in situ hybridization histochemistry.
Topics: Animals; Colforsin; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Histocytochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1995 |
Acute and chronic cocaine administration differentially alters striatal opioid and nuclear transcription factor mRNAs.
Topics: Animals; Cell Nucleus; Cocaine; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Neostriatum; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Transcription Factors | 1994 |
Distribution of preproenkephalin mRNA in the chicken and pigeon telencephalon.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Chickens; Columbidae; Enkephalins; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Neural Pathways; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Species Specificity; Telencephalon | 1994 |
Differences between alcohol-preferring (AA) and alcohol-avoiding (ANA) rats in the prodynorphin and proenkephalin systems.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Biomarkers; Brain; Brain Mapping; Enkephalins; Female; Motivation; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1994 |
Prenatal haloperidol induces a selective reduction in the expression of plasticity-related genes in neonate rat forebrain.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blotting, Northern; Calmodulin; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; Enkephalins; Female; GAP-43 Protein; Gene Expression; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Haloperidol; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mesencephalon; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurofilament Proteins; Neuronal Plasticity; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prosencephalon; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogenes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; RNA, Messenger | 1994 |
Prodynorphin-derived peptide expression in primate cortex and striatum.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Macaca nemestrina; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Tissue Distribution | 1994 |
Cholestasis is associated with preproenkephalin mRNA expression in the adult rat liver.
Topics: Animals; Cholestasis; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Histocytochemistry; Immunohistochemistry; Liver; Male; Necrosis; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tissue Distribution | 1995 |
Striatal changes in preproenkephalin mRNA levels in parkinsonian monkeys.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Histocytochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Protein Precursors; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Saimiri | 1994 |
Mouse insulinoma beta TC3 cells express prodynorphin messenger ribonucleic acid and derived peptides: a unique cellular model for the study of prodynorphin biosynthesis and processing.
Topics: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Enkephalins; Furin; Insulinoma; Mice; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Radioimmunoassay; RNA, Messenger; Subtilisins; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1995 |
Dopaminergic regulation of a transfected preproenkephalin promoter in primary rat astrocytes in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Dopamine; Dopamine Agonists; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Transfection | 1994 |
The relationship between MRNA levels and the locomotor response to novelty.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Cholecystokinin; Dopamine; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Exploratory Behavior; Genetic Code; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Male; Motor Activity; Neurotensin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1994 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA and methionine-enkephalin content are increased in mouse striatum after treatment with nicotine.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Male; Mecamylamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Nicotine; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Tissue Distribution | 1995 |
Structure and expression of the guinea pig preproenkephalin gene: site-specific cleavage in the 3' untranslated region yields truncated mRNA transcripts in specific brain regions.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amygdala; Animals; Base Sequence; Blotting, Northern; Brain Chemistry; Enkephalins; Genomic Library; Guinea Pigs; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Putamen; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; RNA, Messenger; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tissue Distribution; Transcription, Genetic | 1995 |
Effects of chronic food restriction on prodynorphin-derived peptides in rat brain regions.
Topics: Animals; Diet; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Hypothalamic Hormones; Male; Neuropeptides; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 1994 |
Estrogen regulation of prodynorphin gene expression in the rat adenohypophysis: effect of the antiestrogen tamoxifen.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; Gene Expression; Ovariectomy; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tamoxifen; Transcription, Genetic | 1995 |
Proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNA level in brain of rats with absence epilepsy.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Epilepsy, Absence; Hippocampus; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 1994 |
Spinal prodynorphin gene expression in collagen-induced arthritis: influence of the glucocorticosteroid budesonide.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Budesonide; Collagen; DNA Probes; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Glucocorticoids; Hindlimb; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; In Situ Hybridization; Pregnenediones; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Up-Regulation | 1994 |
Effects of neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine injections on glutamate decarboxylase, preproenkephalin and dopamine D2 receptor mRNAs in the adult rat striatum.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Injections, Intraventricular; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1993 |
Convulsant doses of cocaine alter immediate early gene and opioid peptide expression in rat limbic forebrain.
Topics: Animals; Cocaine; Convulsants; DNA-Binding Proteins; Dynorphins; Early Growth Response Protein 1; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Immediate-Early Proteins; In Situ Hybridization; Kindling, Neurologic; Limbic System; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Seizures; Time Factors; Transcription Factors | 1993 |
Opioid peptide gene expression in the nucleus tractus solitarius of rat brain and increases induced by unilateral cervical vagotomy: implications for role of opioid neurons in respiratory control mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Ganglionectomy; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neck; Neurons; Nodose Ganglion; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiratory System; RNA, Messenger; Vagotomy | 1993 |
Dynorphin gene expression and release in the myocardial cell.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Cytosol; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Heart; Heart Ventricles; Male; Myocardium; Potassium Chloride; Protein Precursors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger | 1994 |
Morphine-induced reciprocal alterations in G alpha s and opioid peptide mRNA levels in discrete brain regions.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Brain Chemistry; Drug Tolerance; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; GTP-Binding Proteins; Hypothalamus; Male; Morphine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1993 |
Kappa-selective agonists decrease postsynaptic potentials and calcium components of action potentials in the supraoptic nucleus of rat hypothalamus in vitro.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Action Potentials; Analgesics; Animals; Benzomorphans; Calcium; Cesium; Dynorphins; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Enkephalins; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Membrane Potentials; Narcotic Antagonists; Neurosecretory Systems; Protein Precursors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Supraoptic Nucleus; Synapses; Tetraethylammonium Compounds | 1994 |
Acute amphetamine or methamphetamine alters opioid peptide mRNA expression in rat striatum.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Methamphetamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger | 1994 |
Serum antibody for somatostatin-14 and prodynorphin 209-240 in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and advanced HIV infection.
Topics: Adult; Alzheimer Disease; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Autoimmunity; Binding, Competitive; Enkephalins; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Male; Multiple Sclerosis; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Protein Precursors; Schizophrenia; Somatostatin | 1994 |
Adenosine A2a receptor mRNA is expressed by enkephalin cells but not by somatostatin cells in rat striatum: a co-expression study.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Receptors, Purinergic P1; RNA, Messenger; Somatostatin | 1994 |
Adaptive changes in rat striatal preproenkephalin expression and dopamine-opioid interactions upon chronic haloperidol treatment during different developmental stages.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; Gene Expression; Guanylate Cyclase; Haloperidol; In Situ Hybridization; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger | 1994 |
Molecular cloning and characterization of the hamster preproenkephalin A cDNA.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Cloning, Molecular; Cricetinae; DNA, Complementary; Enkephalins; Gene Dosage; Gene Library; Humans; Male; Mesocricetus; Molecular Sequence Data; Myocardium; Organ Specificity; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid | 1994 |
Expression of preproenkephalin A gene and presence of Met-enkephalin in dorsal root ganglia of the adult rat.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; DNA Primers; DNA, Complementary; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord | 1994 |
Allele frequencies of the preproenkephalin A (PENK) gene CA repeat in Asians, African-Americans, and Caucasians: lack of evidence for different allele frequencies in alcoholics.
Topics: Alcoholism; Alleles; Asian People; Black People; China; Chromosome Mapping; Cohort Studies; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Enkephalins; Gene Frequency; Genetics, Population; Humans; Liver; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Protein Precursors; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; United States; White People | 1994 |
Activation of the c-fos gene in prodynorphin- and proenkephalin-expressing cells of nucleus tractus solitarius after seizures.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, fos; In Situ Hybridization; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons; Pentylenetetrazole; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Seizures; Solitary Nucleus; Time Factors | 1994 |
A topographically organized gamma-aminobutyric acid projection from the ventral pallidum to the nucleus accumbens in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Dyes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Globus Pallidus; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Iontophoresis; Male; Neural Pathways; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Stilbamidines | 1994 |
Prodynorphin gene expression relates to NF-kappa B factors.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Cell Line; Choriocarcinoma; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Molecular Sequence Data; Neuroblastoma; NF-kappa B; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Oligonucleotide Probes; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel; Rats; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Swine; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1994 |
Repeated ethanol differently affects opioid peptide biosynthesis in the rat pituitary.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Ethanol; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger | 1994 |
Nitric oxide alters proenkephalin and prodynorphin gene expression in hippocampal granule cells.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Base Sequence; Cyclic GMP; Dendrites; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; In Situ Hybridization; Molecular Sequence Data; Molsidomine; N-Methylaspartate; Nitric Oxide; Nitroprusside; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Vasodilator Agents | 1994 |
Subarachnoid morphine reduces stimulation-induced but not basal expression of preproenkephalin in rat spinal cord.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Genes, fos; Male; Morphine; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord; Subarachnoid Space | 1994 |
Prefrontal corticostriatal afferents maintain increased enkephalin gene expression in the dopamine-denervated rat striatum.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Denervation; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Histocytochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Neostriatum; Neural Pathways; Neurons, Afferent; Oxidopamine; Prefrontal Cortex; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sympathectomy, Chemical; Tachykinins | 1994 |
Effect of acute stress on the expression of hypothalamic messenger ribonucleic acids encoding the endogenous opioid precursors preproenkephalin A and proopiomelanocortin.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Base Sequence; Enkephalins; Genetic Code; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Neurons; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Prolactin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Restraint, Physical; RNA, Messenger; Stress, Physiological | 1994 |
Mass spectrometric detection of preproenkephalin A-derived peptides in bovine pituitary.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cattle; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalins; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptide Fragments; Pituitary Gland; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Trypsin | 1994 |
Activation of a bulbospinal opioidergic projection by pain stimuli in the awake rat.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neural Pathways; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 1994 |
Differential regulation of glutamate decarboxylase and preproenkephalin mRNA levels in the rat striatum.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Autoradiography; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Female; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Haloperidol; In Situ Hybridization; Neostriatum; Neurons; Oxidopamine; Pertussis Toxin; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sulpiride; Virulence Factors, Bordetella | 1994 |
Identification of multiple DNA elements regulating basal and protein kinase A-induced transcriptional expression of the rat prodynorphin gene.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cell Line; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; DNA; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Regulator; Molecular Sequence Data; Plasmids; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Transcription, Genetic | 1994 |
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor enhances striatal neuropeptide expression in both the intact and the dopamine-depleted rat striatum.
Topics: Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; In Situ Hybridization; Injections; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor; Receptors, Growth Factor; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 1994 |
Characterization of opioid binding sites in the neural and intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland by quantitative receptor autoradiography.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesics; Animals; Autoradiography; Benzomorphans; Binding, Competitive; Densitometry; Enkephalins; Ligands; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa | 1994 |
Kappa 1 receptor mRNA distribution in the rat CNS: comparison to kappa receptor binding and prodynorphin mRNA.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Benzeneacetamides; Benzomorphans; Brain; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger; Tissue Distribution | 1994 |
Basal and inducible transcriptional activity of an upstream AP-1/CRE element (DYNCRE3) in the prodynorphin promoter.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; HeLa Cells; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; PC12 Cells; Plasmids; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Signal Transduction; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic | 1994 |
Quantitation of the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and preproenkephalin mRNAs in nigrostriatal sites after 6-hydroxydopamine lesions.
Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Brain Diseases; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Neurons; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1993 |
Endogenous opioid regulation of oxytocin secretion through pregnancy in the rat.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Dynorphins; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Male; Naloxone; Oxytocin; Peptide Fragments; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Protein Precursors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Vasopressins | 1993 |
Metrazole induces the sequential activation of c-fos, proenkephalin, and tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in the rat adrenal gland: modulation by glucocorticoid and adrenocorticotropic hormone.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Genes, fos; Glucocorticoids; Hippocampus; Hypophysectomy; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Pentylenetetrazole; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1993 |
Dynorphin modulates prolactin secretion in the turkey.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Kinetics; Prolactin; Protein Precursors; Turkeys | 1993 |
Expression of prodynorphin-derived peptides and mRNA in guinea-pig cortex.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Male; Organ Specificity; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; RNA, Messenger | 1993 |
Neuropeptide messenger RNA expression in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat striatum reinnervated by fetal dopaminergic transplants: differential effects of the grafts on preproenkephalin, preprotachykinin and prodynorphin messenger RNA levels.
Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Autoradiography; Behavior, Animal; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Female; Fetal Tissue Transplantation; In Situ Hybridization; Neostriatum; Neuropeptides; Oxidopamine; Piperazines; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Stereotyped Behavior; Sympathectomy, Chemical; Tachykinins | 1993 |
Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-like immunoreactivity in mammalian taste buds.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mice; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Protein Precursors; Rats; Taste Buds | 1993 |
Acute and persistent suppression of preproenkephalin mRNA expression in the striatum following developmental hypoxic-ischemic injury.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Autoradiography; Brain Ischemia; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Female; Hypoxia, Brain; In Situ Hybridization; NADPH Dehydrogenase; Neurons; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Suppression, Genetic | 1994 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA expression in the developing and adult rat brain.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Brain; Cerebellum; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Gestational Age; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Organ Specificity; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1994 |
Induction of the rat prodynorphin gene through Gs-coupled receptors may involve phosphorylation-dependent derepression and activation.
Topics: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Base Sequence; Cell Line; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Drosophila; Enkephalins; Exons; Gene Expression; GTP-Binding Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Norepinephrine; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Phosphorylation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; Rats; Sequence Deletion; Templates, Genetic; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection | 1994 |
Ontogeny of prodynorphin gene expression in the rat hypothalamus.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Gestational Age; Hypothalamus; In Situ Hybridization; Liver; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Supraoptic Nucleus; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | 1993 |
Time-course of changes in striatal levels of DA uptake sites, DA D2 receptor and preproenkephalin mRNAs after nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Biological Transport; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Motor Activity; Neurons; Oxidopamine; Piperazines; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Time Factors | 1993 |
Long-term changes in striatal opioid systems after 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of rat substantia nigra.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Down-Regulation; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Mazindol; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Opioid; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Time Factors | 1993 |
Evidence of an intermediate-size beta-endorphin-containing precursor molecule in bovine pituitary by mass spectrometry.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Cattle; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalins; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Pituitary Gland; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Trypsin | 1993 |
Prodynorphin gene expression in the rat intermediate pituitary lobe: gender differences and postpartum regulation.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Pituitary Gland; Postpartum Period; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Sex Characteristics | 1993 |
Acute down-regulation of oxytocin and vasopressin mRNA levels following metrazole-induced seizure in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Cell Nucleus; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Hypothalamus; Male; Oxytocin; Pentylenetetrazole; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Seizures; Supraoptic Nucleus; Transcription, Genetic; Vasopressins | 1993 |
Prodynorphin and vasopressin mRNA levels are differentially affected by chronic ethanol ingestion in the mouse.
Topics: Alcoholism; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Brain; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Gene Expression Regulation; Hypothalamus; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Molecular Sequence Data; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Vasopressins | 1993 |
Changes in the levels of several endogenous opioid peptides in dog cerebrospinal fluid following morphine administration.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Guinea Pigs; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mice; Morphine; Protein Precursors | 1993 |
Processing of prodynorphin by the prohormone convertase PC1 results in high molecular weight intermediate forms. Cleavage at a single arginine residue.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Arginine; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; Binding Sites; C-Peptide; Cell Line; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Enkephalins; Genetic Vectors; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; PC12 Cells; Proprotein Convertase 1; Proprotein Convertases; Protein Precursors; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Transfection; Vaccinia virus | 1994 |
[Electroacupuncture enhances enkephalin mRNA expression in the spinal cord and medulla, an in situ hybridization study].
Topics: Animals; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Medulla Oblongata; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 1993 |
Assay of preproenkephalin A processing enzymes in human lumbar cerebrospinal fluid.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cattle; Endopeptidases; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Humans; Kinetics; Lumbosacral Region; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors | 1993 |
Isolation- and dehydration-induced changes in neuropeptide gene expression in the sheep hypothalamus.
Topics: Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dehydration; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Protein Precursors; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Social Isolation; Stress, Physiological; Supraoptic Nucleus | 1993 |
Regulation of the gene expression of preproenkephalin in the rat brain: influence of hemorrhage.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Brain Stem; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hemorrhage; Male; Mesencephalon; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 1993 |
Reversed phase HPLC analysis of proenkephalin-related and prodynorphin-related end-products in the brain of a urodele amphibian, Ambystoma tigrinum.
Topics: Ambystoma; Animals; Biological Evolution; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Protein Precursors | 1993 |
Excitatory amino acid regulation of the enkephalin phenotype in mouse embryonic spinal cord cultures.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Cells, Cultured; Down-Regulation; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Female; Ganglia, Spinal; Ligands; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; N-Methylaspartate; Phenotype; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Glutamate; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Tetrodotoxin | 1993 |
Cell-specific expression of preproenkephalin intronic heteronuclear RNA in the rat forebrain.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Blotting, Southern; DNA; DNA Probes; Enkephalins; Exons; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Introns; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Organ Specificity; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prosencephalon; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Heterogeneous Nuclear; Thalamic Nuclei; Transcription, Genetic | 1993 |
The rat nucleus accumbens: two levels of complexity in the distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase (67 kDa) and preproenkephalin messenger RNA.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Enkephalins; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Histocytochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Isoenzymes; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tissue Distribution | 1993 |
Complexity of mRNAs in axons of rat hypothalamic magnocellular neurons.
Topics: Animals; Axons; Base Sequence; Enkephalins; Hypothalamus; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Neurofilament Proteins; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 1993 |
Processing of prodynorphin in BRL-3A cells, a rat liver-derived cell line: implications for the specificity of neuropeptide-processing enzymes.
Topics: Animals; Carboxypeptidase H; Carboxypeptidases; Cell Line; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Enkephalins; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; Liver; Neuropeptides; Protease Inhibitors; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Rats; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Transfection | 1993 |
Fos family member changes in nucleus caudalis neurons after primary afferent stimulation: enhancement of fos B and c-fos.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; DNA; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, fos; In Situ Hybridization; Multigene Family; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic; Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus; Trigeminal Ganglion | 1993 |
Oxytocin nerve terminal desensitization to kappa-opioids at the end of pregnancy.
Topics: Animals; Benzomorphans; Drug Resistance; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Nerve Endings; Oxytocin; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Supraoptic Nucleus | 1993 |
Immunodetection of endogenous opioid peptides in human brain tumors and associated cyst fluids.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Cysts; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glioma; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay | 1993 |
Changes in preproenkephalin mRNA after unilateral and bilateral labyrinthectomy in the rat medial vestibular nucleus.
Topics: Animals; Ear, Inner; Enkephalins; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Vestibular Nuclei | 1993 |
Prodynorphin mRNA expression in adult cultured rat ventricular cardiac myocytes.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Chromatography, Gel; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Heart Atria; Heart Ventricles; Hypothalamus; Male; Molecular Weight; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger | 1993 |
Prodynorphin mRNA is synthesized in adult cultured rat ventricular cardiomyocytes.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Heart Ventricles; Myocardium; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 1993 |
Gene transfer into primary and established mammalian cell lines with lipopolyamine-coated DNA.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Brain; Cattle; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Culture Techniques; DNA; Drug Carriers; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Glycine; Indicators and Reagents; Kinetics; Liposomes; Mammals; Mice; Neurons; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Neoplasms; Polyamines; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Kinases; Protein Precursors; Rats; Second Messenger Systems; Spermine; Swine; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1993 |
Molecular mechanisms of pain: serotonin1A receptor agonists trigger transactivation by c-fos of the prodynorphin gene in spinal cord neurons.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Base Sequence; Cells, Cultured; Denervation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Molecular Sequence Data; Neurons; Oligonucleotide Probes; Pain; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Receptors, Serotonin; Spinal Cord; Transcriptional Activation | 1993 |
Cholinergic regulation of rat preproenkephalin RNA in the adrenal medulla.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Base Sequence; Cholinergic Fibers; Drug Synergism; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Oxotremorine; Parasympathomimetics; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Muscarinic; Receptors, Nicotinic; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 1993 |
Transplantation of fetal nigral cells reverses the increase of preproenkephalin mRNA levels in the rat striatum caused by 6-OHDA lesion of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway: a quantitative in situ hybridization study.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Binding Sites; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Fetal Tissue Transplantation; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Oxidopamine; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Piperazines; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Time Factors; Tritium | 1993 |
Haloperidol increases PPE mRNA levels in the caudal part of the nucleus accumbens in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Dopamine; Dopamine Antagonists; Enkephalins; Haloperidol; Histocytochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1993 |
Preferential loss of preproenkephalin versus preprotachykinin neurons from the striatum of Huntington's disease patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blotting, Northern; Calbindin 1; Calbindins; Enkephalins; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Huntington Disease; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Middle Aged; Neostriatum; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Oligonucleotide Probes; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tachykinins | 1995 |
Early changes in prodynorphin mRNA and ir-dynorphin A levels after kindled seizures in the rat.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Kindling, Neurologic; Male; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA Probes; RNA, Messenger; Seizures | 1995 |
Phorbol ester regulation of opioid peptide gene expression in myocardial cells. Role of nuclear protein kinase.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Cell Nucleus; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gene Expression; Heart Ventricles; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Male; Myocardium; Phorbol Esters; Protein Kinase C; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Staurosporine; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Transcription, Genetic | 1995 |
Effects of L-DOPA on preproenkephalin and preprotachykinin gene expression in the MPTP-treated monkey striatum.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Caudate Nucleus; Dopamine Agents; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Levodopa; Macaca fascicularis; MPTP Poisoning; Neostriatum; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Protein Precursors; Putamen; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 1995 |
Dopamine receptor mRNA expression patterns by opioid peptide cells in the nucleus accumbens of the rat: a double in situ hybridization study.
Topics: Animals; Caudate Nucleus; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Neurons; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine; RNA, Messenger | 1995 |
DNA binding of hypothalamic nuclear proteins on estrogen response element and preproenkephalin promoter: modification by estrogen.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; DNA-Binding Proteins; Enkephalins; Estrogens; Female; Gene Expression; Hypothalamus; Kinetics; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tissue Distribution | 1995 |
Localization of enkephalinergic neurons in the central nervous system of the salmon (Salmo salar L.) by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Cobalt; Enkephalins; Horseradish Peroxidase; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Lysine; Neurons; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Salmon; Sensitivity and Specificity | 1995 |
[Expression and localization of immediate early genes and preproenkephalin gene in central nervous system following electroacupuncture stimulation].
Topics: Animals; Brain; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Genes, fos; Genes, Immediate-Early; Genes, jun; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 1995 |
Dopaminergic regulation of peptide gene expression in the striatum of normal and parkinsonian monkeys.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Autoradiography; Dopamine; Dopamine Agents; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Immunohistochemistry; Neostriatum; Neuropeptides; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Protein Precursors; Saimiri; Tachykinins; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1996 |
Hormonal regulation of CREB phosphorylation in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus.
Topics: Animals; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Hormones; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Phosphorylation; Progesterone; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1996 |
Endogenous opioid peptides in parasympathetic, sympathetic and sensory nerves in the guinea-pig heart.
Topics: Adrenergic Fibers; Animals; Antibody Specificity; Axons; beta-Endorphin; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Ganglia, Autonomic; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Neurons, Afferent; Opioid Peptides; Parasympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic; Protein Precursors | 1996 |
Hyperlocomotion and indifference to cocaine and amphetamine in mice lacking the dopamine transporter.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Cell Line; Cocaine; Dopamine; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Targeting; Locomotion; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Protein Precursors; Rats | 1996 |
Dopamine receptor agonists regulate levels of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor and its mRNA in a subpopulation of rat striatal neurons.
Topics: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine; Adrenergic Agents; Amphetamines; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apomorphine; Autoradiography; Binding, Competitive; Dopamine Agonists; Enkephalins; Female; In Situ Hybridization; Iodine Radioisotopes; Microinjections; Motor Activity; Neostriatum; Neurons; Oxidopamine; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Serotonin; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin Receptor Agonists | 1996 |
Purification, sequence analysis, and cellular localization of a prodynorphin-derived peptide related to the alpha-neo-endorphin in the rhynchobdellid leech Theromyzon tessulatum.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Central Nervous System; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Immunohistochemistry; Leeches; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Precursors | 1996 |
Changes in pro-opiomelanocortin and pre-proenkephalin mRNA levels in the ovine brain during pregnancy, parturition and lactation and in response to oestrogen and progesterone.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Blotting, Northern; Brain Chemistry; Enkephalins; Estrogens; Female; Hypothalamus; In Situ Hybridization; Labor, Obstetric; Lactation; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Progesterone; Protein Precursors; RNA Probes; RNA, Messenger; Sheep | 1993 |
Expressions of preproenkephalin mRNA during electroacupuncture analgesia enhanced by fenfluramine.
Topics: Acupuncture Analgesia; Animals; Brain; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalins; Fenfluramine; Male; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin Agents | 1995 |
Cells expressing preproenkephalin mRNA in the rat pineal gland are not serotonin-producing pinealocytes: evidence using in situ hybridization combined with immunocytochemistry for serotonin.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Caudate Nucleus; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Neurons; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Organ Specificity; Pineal Gland; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1996 |
Expression of the proenkephalin A gene in organotypic cultures of neocortex from newborn rats.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Cerebral Cortex; Enkephalins; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Gene Expression; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Neuroglia; Neurons; Organ Culture Techniques; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Time Factors | 1996 |
Dopaminergic regulation of striatonigral tachykinin and dynorphin gene expression: a study with the dopamine uptake inhibitor GBR-12909.
Topics: Animals; Cell Nucleus; Corpus Striatum; Denervation; Dopamine; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Kinetics; Organ Specificity; Piperazines; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Tachykinins; Transcription, Genetic | 1996 |
Anesthesia during hormone administration abolishes the estrogen induction of preproenkephalin mRNA in ventromedial hypothalamus of female rats.
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Animals; Chloral Hydrate; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; In Situ Hybridization; Ovariectomy; Pentobarbital; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Transcription, Genetic; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | 1996 |
Distribution of preproenkephalin, preprotachykinin A, and preprodynorphin mRNAs in the rat nucleus accumbens: effect of repeated administration of nicotine.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Nicotine; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 1996 |
C-Fos proteins are not involved in the activation of preproenkephalin gene expression in rat brain by peripheral electric stimulation (electroacupuncture).
Topics: Animals; Brain; Electric Stimulation; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors | 1996 |
Effect of repeated administration of dopamine agonists on striatal neuropeptide mRNA expression in rats with a unilateral nigral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion.
Topics: Animals; Dopamine Agonists; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Neostriatum; Neuropeptides; Oligonucleotide Probes; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Sympathectomy, Chemical; Sympatholytics; Tachykinins | 1996 |
Differential regulation of mRNA levels encoding for the two isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67) by dopamine receptors in the rat striatum.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Genetic Code; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Isoenzymes; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine; RNA, Messenger | 1995 |
Prenatal morphine exposure differentially alters expression of opioid peptides in striatum of newborns.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blotting, Northern; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Frontal Lobe; Gene Expression; Hippocampus; Hypothalamus; Morphine; Multivariate Analysis; Organ Specificity; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1995 |
Regulation of DNA synthesis of myocardial and epicardial cells in developing rat heart by [Met5]enkephalin.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cells, Cultured; DNA; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Male; Myocardium; Pericardium; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; RNA, Messenger; Tissue Distribution | 1996 |
Partial reversal of increased preproenkephalin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and decreased preprotachykinin mRNA by foetal dopamine cells in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat striatum parallels functional recovery.
Topics: Animals; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Corpus Striatum; Dominance, Cerebral; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Female; Fetal Tissue Transplantation; Gene Expression; Male; Mesencephalon; Nerve Regeneration; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Stereotyped Behavior; Substantia Nigra; Tachykinins | 1996 |
Gene-peptide relationships in the developing rat brain: the response of preproenkephalin mRNA and [Met5]-enkephalin to acute opioid antagonist (naltrexone) exposure.
Topics: Animals; Caudate Nucleus; Cerebellum; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Male; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors | 1995 |
D1 and D2 receptor regulation of preproenkephalin and preprodynorphin mRNA in rat striatum following acute injection of amphetamine or methamphetamine.
Topics: Amphetamine; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Methamphetamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Dopamine; RNA, Messenger | 1996 |
A ribonuclease-resistant method of in situ hybridization histochemistry in rat brain tissue.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain Chemistry; Enkephalins; Histocytochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Oligonucleotide Probes; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glutamate; Reproducibility of Results; Ribonucleases | 1996 |
Endogenous opioids in frontal cortex of patients with Down syndrome.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Down Syndrome; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Frontal Lobe; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay | 1996 |
c-Jun activation of the DYNCRE3 site in the prodynorphin promoter.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; Colforsin; Consensus Sequence; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Enkephalins; Genes, Reporter; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; PC12 Cells; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection | 1996 |
Chronic intracerebroventricular cocaine differentially affects prodynorphin gene expression in rat hypothalamus and caudate-putamen.
Topics: Animals; Caudate Nucleus; Cerebral Ventricles; Cocaine; Enkephalins; Hypothalamus; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 1996 |
Acute treatment with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801: effect of concurrent administration of haloperidol or scopolamine on preproenkephalin mRNA levels of the striatum and nucleus accumbens of the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Brain Chemistry; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dopamine Antagonists; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Haloperidol; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neostriatum; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Scopolamine | 1996 |
Pain responses, anxiety and aggression in mice deficient in pre-proenkephalin.
Topics: Aggression; Analgesia; Animals; Anxiety; Cell Line; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Targeting; Homozygote; Male; Mice; Mutagenesis; Pain; Protein Precursors; Restriction Mapping | 1996 |
The PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cell line expresses the prodynorphin gene and secretes the 8 kDa dynorphin product.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Chromatography, Affinity; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; PC12 Cells; Pheochromocytoma; Pituitary Gland; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Precursors; Rats; Sequence Analysis | 1996 |
Initial processing of human proenkephalin in bovine chromaffin cells.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibody Specificity; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Cloning, Molecular; Enkephalins; Humans; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Plasmids; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Protein Sorting Signals; Recombinant Proteins; Transfection | 1996 |
Increased preproenkephalin mRNA and preprotachykinin mRNA in the striatum of Rolling mouse Nagoya.
Topics: Animals; Cerebellum; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Mice, Mutant Strains; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 1996 |
Co-expression of steroid hormone receptors in opioid peptide-containing neurons correlates with patterns of gene expression during the estrous cycle.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Estrus; Female; In Situ Hybridization; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Steroid | 1996 |
Effect of low and high doses of nitrous oxide on preproenkephalin mRNA and its peptide methionine enkephalin levels in the hypothalamus.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Hypothalamus; Male; Nitrous Oxide; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors | 1996 |
Preprotachykinin and preproenkephalin mRNA expression within striatal subregions in response to altered serotonin transmission.
Topics: 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine; 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin; Amphetamines; Amygdala; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Fenclonine; Male; Nerve Endings; Organ Specificity; Prosencephalon; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin; Serotonin Agents; Tachykinins; Time Factors; Transcription, Genetic | 1996 |
Estrogen and thyroid hormone interaction on regulation of gene expression.
Topics: Animals; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; Enkephalins; Estrogens; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Reporter; Hypophysectomy; Hypothalamus; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; RNA, Messenger; Thymidine Kinase; Transcription, Genetic; Triiodothyronine | 1996 |
Processing site blockade results in more efficient conversion of proenkephalin to active opioid peptides.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Cell Line; DNA Primers; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Mice; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Pituitary Neoplasms; Point Mutation; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Transfection | 1996 |
Prodynorphin mRNA expression in the rat dentate gyrus after cerebral ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Dentate Gyrus; Enkephalins; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Male; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger | 1996 |
Dexamethasone represses phorbol ester-, forskolin-, and calcium-stimulated expression of a preproenkephalin A promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene via a receptor-mediated mechanism.
Topics: Calcimycin; Cell Line; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; Colforsin; Depression, Chemical; Dexamethasone; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Genes, Reporter; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Ionophores; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate | 1996 |
Increase of preproenkephalin mRNA in the caudal part of periaqueductal gray by morphine withdrawal in rats: a quantitative in situ hybridization study.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Periaqueductal Gray; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1996 |
Kindled seizure-induced c-fos and prodynorphin mRNA expressions are unrelated in the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Kindling, Neurologic; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1996 |
Muscarinic receptors regulate striatal neuropeptide gene expression in normal and amphetamine-treated rats.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Amphetamine; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Muscarinic Agonists; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuropeptides; Oxotremorine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Muscarinic; Scopolamine; Substance P | 1996 |
Chronic food restriction and acute food deprivation decrease mRNA levels of opioid peptides in arcuate nucleus.
Topics: Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Body Weight; Enkephalins; Food Deprivation; Male; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors | 1996 |
Dopamine antagonist and "binge' cocaine effects on rat opioid and dopamine transporter mRNAs.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Benzazepines; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Cocaine; DNA Primers; Dopamine Antagonists; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Drug Administration Schedule; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger; Substance-Related Disorders; Sulpiride; Transcription, Genetic | 1996 |
Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME prevents amphetamine-induced prodynorphin gene expression in the rat.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Stereotyped Behavior | 1996 |
Immobilization stress elevates gene expression for catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes and some neuropeptides in rat sympathetic ganglia: effects of adrenocorticotropin and glucocorticoids.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Gene Expression; Glucocorticoids; Immobilization; Male; Neuropeptide Y; Neuropeptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Stress, Physiological; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1996 |
Colocalization of oestrogen receptor immunoreactivity and preproenkephalin mRNA expression to neurons in the superficial laminae of the spinal and medullary dorsal horn of rats.
Topics: Animals; DNA-Binding Proteins; Enkephalins; Female; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Neurons; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Estrogen; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Transcription, Genetic | 1996 |
Delayed occurrence of enhanced striatal preprodynorphin gene expression in behaviorally sensitized rats: differential long-term effects of intermittent and chronic morphine administration.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Behavior, Animal; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Morphine; Motor Activity; Narcotics; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution | 1997 |
Maternal cocaine treatment alters dynorphin and enkephalin mRNA expression in brains of fetal rhesus macaques.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cocaine; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Macaca mulatta; Narcotics; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger | 1997 |
DA uptake sites, D1 and D2 receptors, D2 and preproenkephalin mRNAs and Fos immunoreactivity in rat striatal subregions after partial dopaminergic degeneration.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Corpus Striatum; Denervation; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Nerve Degeneration; Piperazines; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1996 |
Estrogen regulation of preproenkephalin messenger RNA in the forebrain of female mice.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; In Situ Hybridization; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice, Transgenic; Ovariectomy; Ovary; Prosencephalon; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Species Specificity | 1996 |
Chronic haloperidol treatment decreases preproenkephalin mRNA in the anterior pituitary: a study by solution-hybridization-RNase protection assay.
Topics: Animals; Dopamine Antagonists; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Haloperidol; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pituitary Gland; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Ribonucleases; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors | 1996 |
Serotonin depletion exacerbates changes in striatal gene expression following quinolinic acid injection.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Fenclonine; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Microinjections; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin; Serotonin Agents; Tachykinins | 1996 |
Glucocorticoids regulate the expression of adenosine A1 but not A(2A) receptors in rat brain.
Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide); Adrenalectomy; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Cyclic AMP; Dexamethasone; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Glucocorticoids; Humans; In Situ Hybridization; Jurkat Cells; Male; Organ Specificity; PC12 Cells; Phenethylamines; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Receptors, Purinergic P1; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic; Tritium; Xanthines | 1997 |
Expression and localization of enkephalin, substance P, and substance P receptor genes in the rat carotid body.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Animals, Suckling; Carotid Body; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Glossopharyngeal Nerve; In Situ Hybridization; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nodose Ganglion; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; RNA, Messenger; Substance P; Tachykinins | 1996 |
Down-regulation of striatal enkephalinergic (PPA) messenger RNA without prior apoptotic features following reversible focal ischemia in rat.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Biotin; Brain Ischemia; Deoxyuracil Nucleotides; DNA Fragmentation; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Neostriatum; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Staining and Labeling | 1997 |
Prodynorphin, proenkephalin and kappa opioid receptor mRNA responses to acute "binge" cocaine.
Topics: Animals; Cocaine; Enkephalins; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors | 1997 |
Characterization of neuropeptide processing by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.
Topics: Acetylation; Animals; Body Fluids; Chromatography, Liquid; Endopeptidases; Enkephalins; Humans; Neuropeptides; Protease Inhibitors; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment | 1997 |
Analysis of neuropeptides by size-exclusion HPLC linked to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Microchemistry; Neuropeptides; Protein Precursors; Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion | 1997 |
Brain substrates activated by electroacupuncture (EA) of different frequencies (II): Role of Fos/Jun proteins in EA-induced transcription of preproenkephalin and preprodynorphin genes.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Dynorphins; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalins; Female; In Situ Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Transcription, Genetic | 1996 |
The effect of single and repeated morphine administration on the prodynorphin system activity in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Morphine; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger | 1996 |
Opioid peptide gene expression in the primary hereditary cardiomyopathy of the Syrian hamster. I. Regulation of prodynorphin gene expression by nuclear protein kinase C.
Topics: Animals; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cell Nucleus; Cricetinae; Cytosol; Diglycerides; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Isoenzymes; Male; Mesocricetus; Myocardium; Protein Kinase C; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase | 1997 |
Opioid peptide gene expression in the primary hereditary cardiomyopathy of the Syrian hamster. II. Role of intracellular calcium loading.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cell Compartmentation; Cell Nucleus; Chelating Agents; Cricetinae; Diglycerides; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gene Expression; Isoenzymes; Mesocricetus; Myocardium; Potassium Chloride; Protein Kinase C; Protein Precursors; Transcription, Genetic | 1997 |
Opioid peptide gene expression in the primary hereditary cardiomyopathy of the Syrian hamster. III. Autocrine stimulation of prodynorphin gene expression by dynorphin B.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Calcium; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cell Compartmentation; Cell Nucleus; Cricetinae; Cytosol; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gene Expression; Mesocricetus; Myocardium; Protein Kinase C; Protein Precursors; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Ryanodine; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | 1997 |
Intrastriatal injection of a muscarinic receptor agonist and antagonist regulates striatal neuropeptide mRNA expression in normal and amphetamine-treated rats.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Injections; Male; Muscarinic Agonists; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neuropeptides; Oxotremorine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Scopolamine; Substance P | 1997 |
URE, an initiator (Inr)-like site, suppresses the promoter of the rat dynorphin gene.
Topics: Animals; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; DNA-Binding Proteins; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Mutation; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Phosphoproteins; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Suppression, Genetic; Transcriptional Activation; Transfection; Tumor Suppressor Proteins; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases | 1997 |
Enkephalinergic and dynorphinergic neurons in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of the polyarthritic rat - in vivo release and cDNA hybridization studies.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Blotting, Northern; DNA, Complementary; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 1997 |
cDNA sequence and expression of bovine prodynorphin.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Southern; Brain; Cattle; Corpus Striatum; DNA, Complementary; Enkephalins; Hypothalamus; Molecular Sequence Data; Organ Specificity; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Precursors; Recombinant Proteins | 1997 |
A direct repeat (DR-1) element in the first exon modulates transcription of the preproenkephalin A gene.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cell Line; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; Chlorocebus aethiops; Enkephalins; Exons; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Reporter; HeLa Cells; Humans; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Restriction Mapping; Transcription, Genetic | 1997 |
Acute methamphetamine-induced zif/268, preprodynorphin, and preproenkephalin mRNA expression in rat striatum depends on activation of NMDA and kainate/AMPA receptors.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; DNA-Binding Proteins; Dynorphins; Early Growth Response Protein 1; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Immediate-Early Proteins; Male; Methamphetamine; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Stimulation, Chemical; Time Factors; Transcription Factors | 1996 |
Effects of deoxycorticosterone acetate and diazepam on neuropeptidergic neurons in rat striatum.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Appetite; Corpus Striatum; Desoxycorticosterone; Diazepam; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sodium, Dietary; Tachykinins; Transcription, Genetic | 1997 |
Differential messenger RNA expression of prodynorphin and proenkephalin in the human brain.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Enkephalins; Humans; In Situ Hybridization; Middle Aged; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger | 1996 |
Ethanol alters the concentration of Met-enkephalin in brain by affecting peptide transport system-1 independent of preproenkephalin mRNA.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Neuropeptides; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger | 1997 |
Enhancement of the behavioral response to apomorphine administration following repeated treatment in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat is temporally correlated with a rise in striatal preproenkephalin-B, but not preproenkephalin-A, gene expression.
Topics: Adrenergic Agents; Animals; Apomorphine; Caudate Nucleus; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hyperkinesis; Locomotion; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine; RNA, Messenger; Rotation; Time Factors | 1997 |
Dextromethorphan blocks opioid peptide gene expression in the rat hippocampus induced by kainic acid.
Topics: Animals; Dextromethorphan; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; In Situ Hybridization; Kainic Acid; Male; Neurotoxins; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Messenger; Seizures; Transcription, Genetic | 1997 |
The regulation of prodynorphin gene expression in cultured spinal cord cells: involvement of second messengers.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Embryo, Mammalian; Enkephalins; Kinetics; Neurons; Protein Kinase C; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Second Messenger Systems; Spinal Cord; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Transcription, Genetic | 1997 |
Levels of dynorphin peptides in the central nervous system and pituitary gland of the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Brain; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Hypertension; Immunohistochemistry; Lumbosacral Region; Male; Pituitary Gland; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Spinal Cord | 1997 |
Chronic food restriction and streptozotocin-induced diabetes differentially alter prodynorphin mRNA levels in rat brain regions.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Enkephalins; Food Deprivation; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Streptozocin; Time Factors | 1997 |
Distribution and polysome association of full-length and 3' truncated preproenkephalin mRNA in the guinea-pig brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Male; Polyribosomes; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger | 1997 |
In situ hybridization histochemical localization of prodynorphin messenger RNA in the central nervous system of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Colchicine; Enkephalins; Female; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA Probes; RNA, Messenger; Substrate Specificity; Terminology as Topic | 1997 |
Long-term cocaine self-administration decreases striatal preproenkephalin mRNA in rhesus monkeys.
Topics: Animals; Cocaine; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Macaca mulatta; Male; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Self Administration; Time Factors | 1997 |
The effect of cycloheximide on the regulation of proenkephalin and prodynorphin gene expressions induced by kainic acid in rat hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Cycloheximide; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1997 |
Differential regional effects of long-term L-DOPA treatment on preproenkephalin and preprotachykinin gene expression in the striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Levodopa; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tachykinins; Time Factors | 1997 |
Increased cardiac ppENK mRNA in cardiac hypertrophy and effects on blood pressure of its peptide products.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiomegaly; Drug Resistance; Enkephalins; In Vitro Techniques; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Myocardium; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sodium Chloride | 1997 |
Processing of prothyrotropin-releasing hormone by the family of prohormone convertases.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Enkephalins; Epitope Mapping; Furin; Hypothalamus; In Situ Hybridization; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Subtilisins; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; Vaccinia virus | 1997 |
delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol increases prodynorphin and proenkephalin gene expression in the spinal cord of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Dronabinol; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 1997 |
Changes in proenkephalin gene expression in the developing hamster.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Cricetinae; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; In Situ Hybridization; Mesocricetus; Neostriatum; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; RNA; RNA Probes; Splanchnic Nerves | 1997 |
Developmental switch in phenotypic expression of preproenkephalin mRNA and 45Ca2+ accumulation following kainate-induced status epilepticus.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Calcium; Calcium Radioisotopes; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Hippocampus; In Situ Hybridization; Kainic Acid; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Status Epilepticus | 1997 |
Concurrent elevation of the levels of expression of striatal preproenkephalin and preprodynorphin mRNA in the rat brain by chronic treatment with caffeine.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Corpus Striatum; DNA Probes; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1997 |
Preprodynorphin-, preproenkephalin-, and preprotachykinin-expressing neurons in the rat neostriatum: an analysis by immunocytochemistry and retrograde tracing.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; Guinea Pigs; Immunoblotting; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Neostriatum; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tachykinins | 1997 |
Effect of electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex on the expression of the Fos protein in the basal ganglia.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Biomarkers; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cerebral Cortex; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Evoked Potentials; Gene Expression; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Neuronal Plasticity; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substantia Nigra; Tachykinins | 1997 |
Preproenkephalin messenger RNA-expressing neurons in the rat parabrachial nucleus: subnuclear organization and projections to the intralaminar thalamus.
Topics: Animals; Cholera Toxin; Enkephalins; Male; Neurons; Pons; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Synaptic Transmission; Thalamus; Tissue Distribution | 1997 |
Drugs of abuse and striatal gene expression.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Agonists; Dopamine Antagonists; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Immediate-Early; Glutamic Acid; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Substance-Related Disorders; Transcription, Genetic | 1998 |
The muscarinic toxin 3 augments neuropeptide mRNA in rat striatum in vivo.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurotoxins; Peptides; Protein Precursors; Radionuclide Imaging; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Substance P | 1997 |
Prodynorphin allelic distribution in Scandinavian chronic alcoholics.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Alleles; Base Composition; Enkephalins; Exons; Female; Genetic Markers; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors | 1997 |
Sexual impotence is associated with a reduced production of oxytocin and with an increased production of opioid peptides in the paraventricular nucleus of male rats.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Erectile Dysfunction; Female; Male; Oxytocin; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sexual Behavior, Animal | 1997 |
T helper 2 cytokines induce preproenkephalin mRNA expression and proenkephalin A in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Cyclic AMP; Cytokines; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-4; Monocytes; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 1997 |
Reduction in the ratio of beta-preprotachykinin to preproenkephalin messenger RNA expression in postmortem human putamen during aging and in patients with status lacunaris. Implications for the susceptibility to parkinsonism.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Cerebral Infarction; Disease Susceptibility; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Precursors; Putamen; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins; Transcription, Genetic | 1997 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA expression in the caudate-putamen of MPTP monkeys after chronic treatment with the D2 agonist U91356A in continuous or intermittent mode of administration: comparison with L-DOPA therapy.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Aminoquinolines; Animals; Caudate Nucleus; Dopamine Agonists; Enkephalins; Female; Imidazoles; In Situ Hybridization; Levodopa; Macaca fascicularis; Ovariectomy; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 1997 |
Modulation of basal ganglia neurotransmission by the classical antipsychotic fluphenazine is due in part to the blockade of dopamine D1-receptors.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Basal Ganglia; Benzazepines; Dopamine Antagonists; Enkephalins; Female; Fluphenazine; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Synaptic Transmission; Transcription, Genetic | 1997 |
Developmental regulation of preproenkephalin (PENK) gene expression in the adrenal gland of the ovine fetus and newborn lamb: effects of hypoxemia and exogenous cortisol infusion.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blotting, Northern; Enkephalins; Female; Fetal Hypoxia; Gene Expression Regulation; Gestational Age; Hydrocortisone; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; RNA, Messenger; Sheep | 1997 |
Widespread expression and estrogen regulation of PPEIA-3' nuclear RNA in the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cell Nucleus; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Ovariectomy; Ovary; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA; RNA, Heterogeneous Nuclear; Tissue Distribution | 1997 |
Alterations in behavior and opioid gene expression induced by the novel tropane analog WF-31.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cocaine; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Fluoxetine; Gene Expression; Genome; Male; Motor Activity; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Tropanes | 1997 |
Vasopressin and oxytocin gene expression in the porcine forebrain under basal conditions and following acute stress.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Basal Metabolism; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Hypothalamus; Male; Oxytocin; Pituitary Gland; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Prolactin; Prosencephalon; Protein Precursors; Restraint, Physical; Stress, Physiological; Swine; Vasopressins | 1997 |
Involvement of a c-fos-dependent mechanism in caffeine-induced expression of the preprotachykinin A and neurotensin/neuromedin N genes in rat striatum.
Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, fos; Male; Neurotensin; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; PC12 Cells; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins; Thionucleotides; Transcription, Genetic | 1997 |
Prodynorphin processing by proprotein convertase 2. Cleavage at single basic residues and enhanced processing in the presence of carboxypeptidase activity.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Carboxypeptidases; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Enkephalins; Hydrolysis; In Situ Hybridization; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Proprotein Convertase 2; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Recombinant Proteins; Subtilisins | 1998 |
Enkephalin, PPE mRNA, and PTS-1 in alcohol withdrawal seizure-prone and -resistant mice.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Female; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Seizures; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1998 |
Differential expression of the AP-1/CRE-binding proteins FOS and CREB in preproenkephalin mRNA-expressing neurons of the rat parabrachial nucleus after nociceptive stimulation.
Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Enkephalins; Formaldehyde; Gene Expression Regulation; Hindlimb; Male; Neurons; Pain; Phosphorylation; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Stimulation, Chemical; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription, Genetic | 1997 |
Effects of an intrahypothalamic injection of antisense oligonucleotides for preproenkephalin mRNA in female rats: evidence for opioid involvement in lordosis reflex.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; Microinjections; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Opioid Peptides; Ovariectomy; Posture; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Thionucleotides; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | 1997 |
Prodynorphin in invertebrates.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Enkephalins; Leeches; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Precursors; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid | 1997 |
Disruption of the kappa-opioid receptor gene in mice enhances sensitivity to chemical visceral pain, impairs pharmacological actions of the selective kappa-agonist U-50,488H and attenuates morphine withdrawal.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Pain; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Viscera | 1998 |
Ethanol withdrawal enhances the prodynorphin system activity in the rat nucleus accumbens.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Potassium; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors | 1997 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA is regulated by an interaction between steroid hormones and nociceptive stimulation.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Female; Hindlimb; In Situ Hybridization; Inflammation; Nociceptors; Ovariectomy; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Steroids; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | 1997 |
Transcription factor regulation of prodynorphin gene expression following rat hindpaw inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Cell Nucleus; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hindlimb; Inflammation; Male; Models, Neurological; Neurons; PC12 Cells; Phosphorylation; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recombinant Proteins; Spinal Cord; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection | 1998 |
Peripubertal ontogeny and estrogen stimulation of cholecystokinin and preproenkephalin mRNA in the rat hypothalamus and limbic system.
Topics: Animals; Cholecystokinin; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Estrogens; Female; Hypothalamus; In Situ Hybridization; Limbic System; Progesterone; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA Probes; RNA, Messenger | 1998 |
Expression of D1 receptor, D2 receptor, substance P and enkephalin messenger RNAs in the neurons projecting from the nucleus accumbens.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Dyes; Globus Pallidus; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Stilbamidines; Substance P; Tachykinins | 1998 |
Stimulus-specific hierarchy of enhancer elements within the rat prodynorphin promoter.
Topics: Animals; Cell Nucleus; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Electrophoresis; Enhancer Elements, Genetic; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Gonadotropins; Osmotic Pressure; Ovary; Pain; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spinal Cord; Stimulation, Chemical; Supraoptic Nucleus; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription, Genetic | 1998 |
Herpes simplex virus 1-mediated transfer of preproenkephalin A in rat dorsal root ganglia.
Topics: Animals; beta-Galactosidase; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genes, Reporter; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Humans; Male; Neuroblastoma; Pain; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recombinant Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1998 |
Opioid gene expression in the developing and adult rat heart.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Heart; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Myocardium; Opioid Peptides; Pericardium; Pregnancy; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1998 |
Interaction of thyroxine and estrogen on the expression of estrogen receptor alpha, cholecystokinin, and preproenkephalin messenger ribonucleic acid in the limbic-hypothalamic circuit.
Topics: Animals; Cholecystokinin; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; Gene Expression; Hypothalamus; Limbic System; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Estrogen; RNA, Messenger; Thyroxine | 1998 |
Effects of risperidone and haloperidol on tachykinin and opioid precursor peptide mRNA levels in the caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Caudate Nucleus; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Haloperidol; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Serotonin; Risperidone; Ritanserin; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 1998 |
Phenidone blocks the increases of proenkephalin and prodynorphin gene expression induced by kainic acid in rat hippocampus: involvement of Fos-related antigene protein.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; Male; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Pyrazoles; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1998 |
Repeated administration of cocaine, nicotine and ethanol: effects on preprodynorphin, preprotachykinin A and preproenkephalin mRNA expression in the dorsal and the ventral striatum of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cocaine; Corpus Striatum; Drug Administration Schedule; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Ethanol; In Situ Hybridization; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Nicotine; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 1998 |
Topographical organization of opioid peptide precursor gene expression following repeated apomorphine treatment in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat.
Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Brain; Caudate Nucleus; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Motor Activity; Nucleus Accumbens; Organ Specificity; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reference Values; Time Factors | 1998 |
Creating a functional opioid alkaloid binding site in the orphanin FQ receptor through site-directed mutagenesis.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Binding Sites; Enkephalins; Ligands; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Nociceptin; Nociceptin Receptor; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Opioid | 1998 |
Evidence for Fos involvement in the regulation of proenkephalin and prodynorphin gene expression in the rat hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, fos; Hippocampus; Immunohistochemistry; Kainic Acid; Male; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Transcriptional Activation | 1998 |
Metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist increases neuropeptide mRNA expression in rat striatum.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Cycloleucine; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Globus Pallidus; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Microinjections; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; RNA, Messenger; Substance P; Substantia Nigra | 1998 |
Ontogeny of the opioid growth factor, [Met5]-enkephalin, preproenkephalin gene expression, and the zeta opioid receptor in the developing and adult aorta of rat.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors | 1998 |
Effects of single and repeated morphine administration on the prodynorphin, proenkephalin and dopamine D2 receptor gene expression in the mouse brain.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain Chemistry; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Mice; Morphine; Narcotics; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger | 1997 |
Time course of morphine withdrawal and preproenkephalin gene expression in the periaqueductal gray of rats.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Corticosterone; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Periaqueductal Gray; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stress, Physiological; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors | 1998 |
[Comparative study on the expression and interaction of oncogene c-fos/c-jun and three opioid genes induced by low and high frequency electroacupuncture].
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalins; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger | 1996 |
Nuclear opioid receptors activate opioid peptide gene transcription in isolated myocardial nuclei.
Topics: Animals; Cardiomyopathies; Cell Nucleus; Cricetinae; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mesocricetus; Opioid Peptides; Protein Kinase C; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Transcription, Genetic | 1998 |
The autocrine derivation of the opioid growth factor, [Met5]-enkephalin, in ocular surface epithelium.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Eye; Growth Substances; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA Probes; RNA, Messenger | 1998 |
Herpes virus-mediated preproenkephalin gene transfer to the amygdala is antinociceptive.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; beta-Galactosidase; Enkephalins; Gene Transfer Techniques; Herpesviridae; Male; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Rats | 1998 |
Effect of peripheral 2-DG on opioid and neuropeptide Y gene expression.
Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites; Deoxyglucose; Eating; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Neuropeptide Y; Opioid Peptides; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1998 |
The modulatory role of nitric oxide in the regulation of proenkephalin and prodynorphin gene expressions induced by kainic acid in rat hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; DNA-Binding Proteins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Male; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Transcription Factor AP-1 | 1998 |
Specific reductions of striatal prodynorphin and D1 dopamine receptor messenger RNAs during cocaine abstinence.
Topics: Animals; Cocaine; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1998 |
Novel transcriptional mechanisms are involved in regulating preproenkephalin gene expression in vivo.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Antisense Elements (Genetics); Cerebellum; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Exons; Gene Expression Regulation; Introns; Male; Olfactory Bulb; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Tissue Distribution; Transcription, Genetic | 1998 |
The effect of aging on the response of striatal preproenkephalin and preprotachykinin mRNA contents to chronic haloperidol treatment in rats: measurement by solution-hybridization RNase protection assay.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Haloperidol; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 1998 |
Adrenal neuropeptide Y mRNA but not preproenkephalin mRNA induction by stress is impaired by aging in Fischer 344 rats.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Aging; Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Neuropeptide Y; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Messenger; Stress, Physiological | 1998 |
Effects of prefrontal cortical lesions on neuropeptide and dopamine receptor gene expression in the striatum-accumbens complex.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Gene Expression; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Ibotenic Acid; Male; Neuropeptides; Nucleus Accumbens; Prefrontal Cortex; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 1998 |
Opioid receptor and peptide mRNA expression in proliferative zones of fetal rat central nervous system.
Topics: Animals; Cell Division; Central Nervous System; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Opioid Peptides; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; RNA, Messenger | 1998 |
Effect of nicotine use and withdrawal on brain preproenkephalin A mRNA.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Brain; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Nicotine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tissue Distribution | 1998 |
Thalamo-striatal deafferentation affects preproenkephalin but not preprotachykinin gene expression in the rat striatum.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Denervation; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Histocytochemistry; Ibotenic Acid; In Situ Hybridization; Microinjections; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins; Thalamic Nuclei | 1998 |
Effects of adrenal steroids on basal ganglia neuropeptide mRNA and tyrosine hydroxylase radioimmunoreactive levels in the adrenalectomized rat.
Topics: Adrenalectomy; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Basal Ganglia; Cholecystokinin; Corticosterone; Desoxycorticosterone; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Neuropeptides; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1998 |
Effects of repeated psychostimulant administration on the prodynorphin system activity and kappa opioid receptor density in the rat brain.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Autoradiography; Brain Chemistry; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cocaine; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Endorphins; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger | 1998 |
Localization of preproenkephalin mRNA in rat heart: selective gene expression in left ventricular myocardium.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blotting, Northern; Body Weight; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Heart; Heart Ventricles; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Myocardium; Organ Size; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 1998 |
Distribution of opioid peptide gene expression in the limbic system of Fawn-Hooded (alcohol-preferring) and Wistar-Kyoto (alcohol-non-preferring) rats.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Histocytochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Limbic System; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats, Inbred WKY; RNA, Messenger; Tissue Distribution | 1998 |
Mytilus edulis hemolymph contain prodynorphin.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Bivalvia; Enkephalins; Hemolymph; Humans; Leeches; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Precursors; Rats; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Swine | 1998 |
Cellular distribution of adenosine A2A receptor mRNA in the primate striatum.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Humans; In Situ Hybridization; Macaca fascicularis; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Purinergic P1; RNA, Messenger; Septal Nuclei; Substance P | 1998 |
Expression of opioid receptors and ligands in pregnant mouse uterus and placenta.
Topics: Animals; Decidua; Enkephalins; Female; In Situ Hybridization; Ligands; Mice; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA Probes; Trophoblasts; Uterus | 1998 |
Sex differences in estrogenic regulation of preproenkephalin mRNA levels in the medial preoptic area of prepubertal rats.
Topics: Animals; Cell Size; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Estrogens; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Neurons; Preoptic Area; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sex Characteristics; Sexual Maturation | 1998 |
Glucose stimulation of pancreatic beta-cell lines induces expression and secretion of dynorphin.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Cell Line; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Glucose; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; RNA, Messenger | 1998 |
Preproenkephalin gene expression and [Met5]-enkephalin levels in the developing rat heart.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Caudate Nucleus; DNA Probes; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Fetal Heart; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gestational Age; Heart; Liver; Male; Myocardium; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 1998 |
Human prodynorphin gene generates several tissue-specific transcripts.
Topics: Base Sequence; Blotting, Northern; Brain Chemistry; Cloning, Molecular; DNA; Enkephalins; Exons; Humans; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Precursors; RNA; Testis; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection | 1998 |
L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the rat is associated with striatal overexpression of prodynorphin- and glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Behavior, Animal; Corpus Striatum; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamate Decarboxylase; In Situ Hybridization; Levodopa; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 1998 |
Mapping of preproenkephalin mRNA in brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Enkephalins; Hypertension; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; RNA, Messenger | 1996 |
Perinatal cocaine decreases the expression of prodynorphin mRNA in nucleus accumbens shell in the adult rat.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cocaine; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; In Situ Hybridization; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Prosencephalon; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1998 |
Increased striatal proenkephalin mRNA subsequent to production of spreading depression in rat cerebral cortex: activation of corticostriatal pathways?
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Cholecystokinin; Corpus Striatum; Depression, Chemical; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Membrane Potentials; Neural Pathways; Potassium Chloride; Prosencephalon; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1998 |
[2 Hz and 100 Hz electroacupuncture accelerate the expression of genes encoding three opioid peptides in the rat brain].
Topics: Acupuncture Analgesia; Animals; Brain; Dynorphins; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1997 |
Protein kinase A-dependent derepression of the human prodynorphin gene via differential binding to an intragenic silencer element.
Topics: 5' Untranslated Regions; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; DNA-Binding Proteins; Enkephalins; Enzyme Activation; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Regulator; Humans; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Neuroblastoma; Nuclear Proteins; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Transcription, Genetic; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1998 |
Expression of NMDA glutamate receptor subunit mRNAs in neurochemically identified projection and interneurons in the striatum of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cholinergic Fibers; DNA Primers; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Hippocampus; In Situ Hybridization; Interneurons; Neocortex; Neostriatum; Parvalbumins; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Somatostatin; Tachykinins; Transcription, Genetic | 1999 |
Effects of peptidase inhibitors, [D-Ala2, Met5]-enkephalinamide and antiserum to methionine-enkephalin microinjected into the caudal periaqueductal gray on morphine withdrawal in rats.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Immune Sera; Male; Microinjections; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Periaqueductal Gray; Protease Inhibitors; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1998 |
Differential regulation of striatal preproenkephalin and preprotachykinin mRNA levels in MPTP-lesioned monkeys chronically treated with dopamine D1 or D2 receptor agonists.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzazepines; Brain Chemistry; Cabergoline; Corpus Striatum; Denervation; Dopamine Agents; Dopamine Agonists; Enkephalins; Ergolines; Female; Gene Expression; Macaca fascicularis; Movement Disorders; Protein Precursors; Pulsatile Flow; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 1999 |
Differential sensitivity of tachykinin vs. enkephalin gene expression in the posterior striatum in response to acute p-chloroamphetamine treatment during postnatal development.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; p-Chloroamphetamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin Agents; Tachykinins; Tissue Distribution | 1999 |
Intrastriatal grafting of a GDNF-producing cell line protects striatonigral neurons from quinolinic acid excitotoxicity in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Cell Death; Cell Survival; Corpus Striatum; Drosophila Proteins; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Dyes; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Graft Survival; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Nerve Growth Factors; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxins; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Recombinant Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Stilbamidines; Substantia Nigra; Tachykinins | 1999 |
Methamphetamine alters prodynorphin gene expression and dynorphin A levels in rat hypothalamus.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Hypothalamus; Male; Methamphetamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substance-Related Disorders; Time Factors; Visual Cortex | 1999 |
Temporal changes of preproenkephalin mRNA and leu-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the neurons of the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus and upper cervical cord after noxious stimuli.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Formaldehyde; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Neurons; Pain; Pain Measurement; Physical Stimulation; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal | 1998 |
Dynorphin A processing enzyme: tissue distribution, isolation, and characterization.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cattle; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Metalloendopeptidases; Molecular Sequence Data; Neprilysin; Organ Specificity; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1999 |
The relationship between oral dyskinesias produced by long-term haloperidol treatment, the density of striatal preproenkephalin messenger RNA and enkephalin peptide, and the number of striatal neurons expressing preproenkephalin messenger RNA in rats.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Fasciculation; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Haloperidol; Humans; Motor Activity; Mouth; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic; Videotape Recording | 1999 |
Effect of repeated L-DOPA, bromocriptine, or lisuride administration on preproenkephalin-A and preproenkephalin-B mRNA levels in the striatum of the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Behavior, Animal; Bromocriptine; Dopamine Agents; Dopamine Agonists; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Levodopa; Lisuride; Male; Mazindol; Medial Forebrain Bundle; Neostriatum; Oligonucleotide Probes; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Protein Precursors; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1999 |
Prodynorphin and proenkephalin mRNAs are increased in rat brain after acute and chronic administration of gamma-hydroxybutyrate.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Sodium Oxybate | 1999 |
Antihyperalgesic effects of infection with a preproenkephalin-encoding herpes virus.
Topics: Animals; Cytomegalovirus; DNA, Complementary; DNA, Recombinant; Enkephalins; Female; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Mice; Pain; Pain Management; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Simplexvirus | 1999 |
Cell signalling. DREAM on without calcium.
Topics: Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; DNA; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins; Magnesium; Neurons; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; Protein Kinases; Protein Precursors; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Repressor Proteins | 1999 |
DREAM is a Ca2+-regulated transcriptional repressor.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Binding Sites; Calcium; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cell Line; DNA; DNA-Binding Proteins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, fos; Humans; Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Binding; Protein Precursors; Repressor Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection | 1999 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA and enkephalin levels in the adult Syrian hamster: the influence from glucocorticoids.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Age Factors; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Corpus Striatum; Cricetinae; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Glucocorticoids; Hormone Antagonists; Hypophysectomy; Male; Mesocricetus; Mifepristone; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 1999 |
Acute intermittent morphine increases preprodynorphin and kappa opioid receptor mRNA levels in the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Morphine; Narcotics; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger | 1999 |
Orofacial deep and cutaneous tissue inflammation differentially upregulates preprodynorphin mRNA in the trigeminal and paratrigeminal nuclei of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Freund's Adjuvant; Gene Expression; Hyperalgesia; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Neurogenic Inflammation; Neurons, Afferent; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Skin; Temporomandibular Joint; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Trigeminal Nuclei | 1999 |
The new chromogranin-like protein NESP55 is preferentially localized in adrenaline-synthesizing cells of the bovine and rat adrenal medulla.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Base Sequence; Cattle; Chromogranins; Enkephalins; Epinephrine; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Molecular Sequence Data; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 1999 |
STZ-induced diabetes decreases and insulin normalizes POMC mRNA in arcuate nucleus and pituitary in rats.
Topics: alpha-MSH; Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Eating; Energy Metabolism; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Leptin; Male; Melanocytes; Neuropeptide Y; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Pituitary Gland; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1999 |
Population characteristics of preproenkephalin mRNA-containing neurons in the globus pallidus of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Dyes; Gene Expression; Globus Pallidus; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Neurons; Parvalbumins; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Stilbamidines; Sulfur Radioisotopes | 1999 |
Interaction between anterior pituitary prodynorphin and the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH).
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Fertility Agents, Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Luteinizing Hormone; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Potassium; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA; Time Factors | 1999 |
Dopaminergic modulation of pallidal preproenkephalin mRNA.
Topics: Animals; Benzazepines; Dopamine; Dopamine Antagonists; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Globus Pallidus; Male; Neurons; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Salicylamides; Substantia Nigra; Sulfur Radioisotopes; Sympatholytics | 1999 |
Locomotor-activity-induced changes in striatal levels of preprotachykinin and preproenkephalin mRNA. Regulation by the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems.
Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Benzazepines; Corpus Striatum; Denervation; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dopamine; Dopamine Antagonists; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; In Situ Hybridization; Motor Activity; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Running; Tachykinins | 1999 |
Nota bene: biomedicine. Pain-killer genes.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Chronic Disease; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Mice; Pain Management; Protein Precursors; Simplexvirus; Spinal Cord | 1999 |
Distribution of preprovasopressin mRNA in the rat central nervous system.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Stem; Cerebellum; Enkephalins; Hypothalamus; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Neurons; Organ Specificity; Oxytocin; Prosencephalon; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Transcription, Genetic; Vasopressins | 1999 |
Striatal preproenkephalin gene expression is upregulated in acute but not chronic parkinsonian monkeys: implications for the contribution of the indirect striatopallidal circuit to parkinsonian symptomatology.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Autoradiography; Behavior, Animal; Chronic Disease; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Globus Pallidus; In Situ Hybridization; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Mazindol; Neural Pathways; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Protein Precursors | 1999 |
Changes in nociceptive and anxiolytic responses following herpes virus-mediated preproenkephalin overexpression in rat amygdala are naloxone-reversible and transient.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; beta-Galactosidase; Diazepam; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Vectors; Herpesviridae; Humans; Male; Maze Learning; Naloxone; Pain; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 1999 |
Dopamine-opiate interaction in the regulation of neostriatal and pallidal neuronal activity as assessed by opioid precursor peptides and glutamate decarboxylase messenger RNA expression.
Topics: Animals; Dopamine; Dopamine Antagonists; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Globus Pallidus; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Haloperidol; Male; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Neostriatum; Neurons; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger | 1999 |
Opioid peptide mRNA expression in the colon of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Colon; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1999 |
Thyroid hormone coadministration inhibits the estrogen-stimulated elevation of preproenkephalin mRNA in female rat hypothalamic neurons.
Topics: Amygdala; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Enkephalins; Estrogens; Female; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Neostriatum; Posture; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Triiodothyronine; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | 1999 |
Recovery after nigral grafting in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats is due to graft function and not significantly influenced by the remaining ipsilateral or contralateral host dopaminergic system.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Female; Functional Laterality; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Rotation; Substantia Nigra; Sympatholytics; Tachykinins; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1999 |
Suppression of serotonin hyperinnervation does not alter the dysregulatory influences of dopamine depletion on striatal neuropeptide gene expression in rodent neonates.
Topics: 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Denervation; Dopamine; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; In Situ Hybridization; Neuropeptides; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin; Tachykinins | 1999 |
Estrogen-induced alterations of spinal cord enkephalin gene expression.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Neurons; Ovariectomy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Time Factors; Transcription, Genetic | 1999 |
Preproenkephalin is a Th2 cytokine but is not required for Th2 differentiation in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Flow Cytometry; Interleukin-4; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Th1 Cells; Th2 Cells | 1999 |
Quantitative in situ hybridization using radioactive probes to study gene expression in heterocellular systems.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Molecular Probes; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Reference Standards; RNA, Messenger; Sulfur Radioisotopes | 2000 |
Mesolimbic gender differences in peptide CART mRNA expression: effects of cocaine.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cocaine; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; Limbic System; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nucleus Accumbens; Ovariectomy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sex Characteristics | 1999 |
Striatal fosB expression is causally linked with l-DOPA-induced abnormal involuntary movements and the associated upregulation of striatal prodynorphin mRNA in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Animals; Antisense Elements (Genetics); Bacterial Proteins; Biomarkers; Cell Count; Disease Models, Animal; Dyskinesias; Enkephalins; Female; Levodopa; Neostriatum; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Transcription Factors; Ventral Tegmental Area | 1999 |
Overexpression of proenkephalin in the amygdala potentiates the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines.
Topics: Amygdala; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; beta-Galactosidase; Defective Viruses; Diazepam; DNA, Complementary; Enkephalins; Gene Transfer Techniques; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; In Situ Hybridization; Maze Learning; Naloxone; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; RNA, Messenger | 2000 |
An allelic variation in the human prodynorphin gene promoter alters stimulus-induced expression.
Topics: Alleles; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Cell Line; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; DNA; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Gene Frequency; Genetic Variation; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Reference Values; Tandem Repeat Sequences; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transfection | 2000 |
Differential effects of intrastriatally infused fully and endcap phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides on morphology, histochemistry and prodynorphin expression in rat brain.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Infusions, Parenteral; Neurons; Neuropeptide Y; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Thionucleotides; Transcription, Genetic; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2000 |
Fenfluramine-induced increase in preproenkephalin mRNA levels in the striatum: interaction between the serotonergic, glutamatergic, and dopaminergic systems.
Topics: 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine; Adrenergic Agents; Animals; Benzazepines; Corpus Striatum; Dizocilpine Maleate; Enkephalins; Female; Fenfluramine; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin Agents | 2000 |
Olfactory bulbectomy increases prepro-enkephalin mRNA levels in the ventral striatum in rats.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain Chemistry; Corpus Striatum; Denervation; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Olfactory Bulb; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone | 1999 |
Distribution of glutamate and preproenkephalin messenger RNAs following transient focal cerebral ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cerebral Infarction; Corpus Striatum; Down-Regulation; Enkephalins; Glutamic Acid; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Male; Neocortex; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tissue Distribution | 2000 |
Correlates of deoxycorticosterone-induced salt appetite behavior and basal ganglia neurochemistry.
Topics: Animals; Appetite; Basal Ganglia; Carrier Proteins; Cocaine; Desoxycorticosterone; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sodium, Dietary; Transcription, Genetic; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1999 |
Comparison of tyrosine hydroxylase and preproenkephalin expression in rat adrenal medullary explants in vitro and transplanted into subarachnoid space.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Catecholamines; Cells, Cultured; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; In Situ Hybridization; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Subarachnoid Space; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2000 |
Phenotypical characterization of the neurons expressing the D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in the monkey striatum.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Isoenzymes; Macaca fascicularis; Neurons; Parkinson Disease; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Substance P | 2000 |
Interleukin-4-dependent induction of preproenkephalin in antigen-specific T helper-type 2 (Th2) cells.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-4; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Th2 Cells | 2000 |
Acute ethanol induction of c-Fos immunoreactivity in pre-pro-enkephalin expressing neurons of the central nucleus of the amygdala.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Central Nervous System Depressants; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Male; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2000 |
Alterations in preproenkephalin and adenosine-2a receptor mRNA, but not preprotachykinin mRNA correlate with occurrence of dyskinesia in normal monkeys chronically treated with L-DOPA.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors; Catechols; Dopamine Agents; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; In Situ Hybridization; Levodopa; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Nitriles; Oligonucleotide Probes; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Purinergic P1; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 2000 |
ARC POMC mRNA and PVN alpha-MSH are lower in obese relative to lean zucker rats.
Topics: alpha-MSH; Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; beta-Endorphin; Blood Glucose; Dynorphins; Energy Metabolism; Enkephalins; Feeding Behavior; Gene Expression; Insulin; Leptin; Male; Melanocytes; Neuropeptide Y; Obesity; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Zucker; RNA, Messenger | 2000 |
Th2-dependent airway eosinophilia is regulated by preproenkephalin.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Cytokines; Enkephalins; Eosinophilia; Lung Diseases; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Protein Precursors; Th2 Cells | 2000 |
Opioid propeptide mRNA content and receptor density in the brains of AA and ANA rats.
Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Mutant Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Temperance | 2000 |
A group of cortical interneurons expressing mu-opioid receptor-like immunoreactivity: a double immunofluorescence study in the rat cerebral cortex.
Topics: Animals; Calbindin 2; Calbindins; Cerebral Cortex; Cholecystokinin; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Interneurons; Neuropeptide Y; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Parvalbumins; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, mu; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; Somatostatin; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide | 2000 |
Striatal responses to partial dopaminergic lesion: evidence for compensatory sprouting.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Enkephalins; GAP-43 Protein; Gene Expression Regulation; Macaca nemestrina; Nerve Fibers; Protein Precursors; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2000 |
Chemical characterization of leptin-activated neurons in the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Cholecystokinin; Eating; Energy Metabolism; Enkephalins; Homeostasis; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Leptin; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Neurotensin; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Leptin; Receptors, Notch; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors | 2000 |
Kappa opioids and TGFbeta1 interact in human endometrial cells.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Diprenorphine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endometrium; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Narcotics; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Signal Transduction; Transforming Growth Factor beta | 2000 |
Striatal enkephalin gene expression does not reflect parkinsonian signs.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cats; Caudate Nucleus; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Agents; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Male; Motor Activity; Parkinson Disease; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Protein Precursors; Recovery of Function; RNA, Messenger | 2000 |
Involvement of the direct striatonigral pathway in levodopa-induced sensitization in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Benzazepines; Binding, Competitive; Corpus Striatum; Denervation; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dopamine Agonists; Dopamine Antagonists; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gene Expression; Levodopa; Male; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Opioid Peptides; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Dopamine D3; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Sympatholytics; Tachykinins; Tetrahydronaphthalenes; Tritium; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2000 |
Effect of melatonin on the regulation of proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNA levels induced by kainic acid in the rat hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, fos; Hippocampus; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Male; Melatonin; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription, Genetic | 2000 |
Opioid peptide messenger RNA expression is increased at spinal and supraspinal levels following excitotoxic spinal cord injury.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord Injuries; Thoracic Vertebrae | 2000 |
Opioid peptide gene expression primes cardiogenesis in embryonal pluripotent stem cells.
Topics: Animals; Autocrine Communication; Cell Differentiation; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; DNA-Binding Proteins; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Fetal Heart; Fetal Proteins; GATA4 Transcription Factor; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5; Homeodomain Proteins; Mice; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Stem Cells; Thionucleotides; Transcription Factors; Transfection; Xenopus Proteins; Zinc Fingers | 2000 |
Defective prodynorphin processing in mice lacking prohormone convertase PC2.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; Blotting, Western; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, Gel; Enkephalins; Fluorometry; Furin; Heterozygote; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Neuropeptides; Peptide Fragments; Proprotein Convertase 1; Proprotein Convertase 2; Proprotein Convertase 5; Proprotein Convertases; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Radioimmunoassay; Serine Endopeptidases; Subtilisins | 2000 |
Dopamine control of striatal gene expression during development: relevance to knockout mice for the dopamine transporter.
Topics: Animals; Carrier Proteins; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gestational Age; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mesencephalon; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Dopamine D3; RNA, Messenger; Substance P; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2000 |
Stimulated serotonin release from hyperinnervated terminals subsequent to neonatal dopamine depletion regulates striatal tachykinin, but not enkephalin gene expression.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cerebral Ventricles; Corpus Striatum; Desipramine; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Injections, Intraventricular; Oxidopamine; p-Chloroamphetamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin; Tachykinins; Transcription, Genetic | 2000 |
L-DOPA produces strong induction of c-fos messenger RNA in dopamine-denervated cortical and striatal areas of the common marmoset.
Topics: Animals; Benzazepines; Blotting, Western; Callithrix; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Denervation; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Dopamine Agents; Dopamine Antagonists; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Genes, Immediate-Early; Levodopa; Nerve Degeneration; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Raclopride; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Substance P; Substantia Nigra; Sympatholytics; Tritium | 2000 |
Cocaine and methamphetamine differentially affect opioid peptide mRNA expression in the striatum.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Cocaine; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Methamphetamine; Nucleus Accumbens; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 2000 |
Impaired prohormone convertases in Cpe(fat)/Cpe(fat) mice.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; Body Weight; Brain; Carboxypeptidase H; Carboxypeptidases; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Feeding Behavior; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Organ Specificity; Peptide Fragments; Pituitary Gland; Point Mutation; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Proprotein Convertase 1; Proprotein Convertase 2; Proprotein Convertases; Protein Precursors; Reference Values; Subtilisins | 2001 |
Selective activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors upregulates preprodynorphin, substance P, and preproenkephalin mRNA expression in rat dorsal striatum.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glycine; Male; Neostriatum; Neurons; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Resorcinols; RNA, Messenger; Substance P; Time Factors | 2001 |
DREAM-alphaCREM interaction via leucine-charged domains derepresses downstream regulatory element-dependent transcription.
Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Calcium; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cell Line; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; DNA-Binding Proteins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Regulator; Genes, Reporter; Humans; Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Neuroblastoma; Phosphorylation; Protein Precursors; Recombinant Proteins; Repressor Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Sequence Alignment; Transfection; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2000 |
Decreases in endogenous opioid peptides in the rat medullo-coerulear pathway after chronic morphine treatment.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Western; Densitometry; Drug Implants; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microscopy, Electron; Morphine; Neural Pathways; Opioid Peptides; Presynaptic Terminals; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 2000 |
Effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 on expression of mRNAs encoding c-Fos, neuropeptides and glutamic acid decarboxylase in cultured spinal neurons.
Topics: Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cells, Cultured; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, fos; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Neurons; Neuropeptide Y; Neuropeptides; Neurotrophin 3; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 2000 |
Cannabinoid withdrawal syndrome is reduced in pre-proenkephalin knock-out mice.
Topics: Acute Disease; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Autoradiography; Behavior, Animal; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Brain; Chronic Disease; Dronabinol; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Hyperalgesia; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Piperidines; Protein Precursors; Psychotropic Drugs; Pyrazoles; Receptors, Cannabinoid; Receptors, Drug; Rimonabant; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2000 |
TTF-1, a homeodomain gene required for diencephalic morphogenesis, is postnatally expressed in the neuroendocrine brain in a developmentally regulated and cell-specific fashion.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Line; Diencephalon; Enkephalins; Ependyma; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gene Silencing; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Hypothalamus; Median Eminence; Neurons; Neurosecretory Systems; Nuclear Proteins; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, ErbB-2; RNA, Messenger; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1; Transcription Factors; Transcriptional Activation | 2001 |
Early changes in neuropeptide mRNA expression in the striatum following reserpine treatment.
Topics: Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; alpha-Methyltyrosine; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reserpine; RNA, Messenger; Substance P; Tachykinins | 2001 |
Upregulation of preprodynorphin and preproenkephalin mRNA expression by selective activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in characterized primary cultures of rat striatal neurons.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cells, Cultured; Corpus Striatum; Cycloleucine; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Nucleus Accumbens; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; RNA, Messenger | 2001 |
Intrastriatal GABA(A) receptor blockade does not alter dopamine D(1)/D(2) receptor interactions in the intact rat striatum.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzazepines; Bicuculline; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Agonists; Dopamine Antagonists; Drug Administration Schedule; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; GABA Antagonists; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Microinjections; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, GABA-A; RNA, Messenger; Salicylamides | 2001 |
Spinal and supraspinal changes in opioid mRNA expression are related to the onset of pain behaviors following excitotoxic spinal cord injury.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Gene Expression; Grooming; Male; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Protein Precursors; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries | 2001 |
GDNF reverses priming for dyskinesia in MPTP-treated, L-DOPA-primed common marmosets.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Body Weight; Callithrix; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Levodopa; Locomotion; Male; Mazindol; MPTP Poisoning; Nerve Growth Factors; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuroprotective Agents; Protein Precursors; Recovery of Function; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Tachykinins; Tritium; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2001 |
Female preproenkephalin-knockout mice display altered emotional responses.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Darkness; Eating; Emotions; Enkephalins; Fear; Female; Light; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Motor Activity; Protein Precursors; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Sucrose | 2001 |
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4/5 prevent the death of striatal projection neurons in a rodent model of Huntington's disease.
Topics: Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cell Death; Cell Line; Cell Transplantation; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Fibroblasts; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Huntington Disease; Isoenzymes; Male; Nerve Growth Factors; Neurons; Neurotrophin 3; Phosphorylation; Protein Precursors; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Receptor, trkB; Tachykinins | 2000 |
Chronic GBR 12909 administration differentially alters prodynorphin gene expression compared to cocaine.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cocaine; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Piperazines; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 2001 |
Expression of preproenkephalin mRNA and production and secretion of enkephalins by human thymocytes.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; T-Lymphocytes | 2000 |
Subcellular compartment and molecular subdomain of beta-amyloid precursor protein relevant to the Abeta 42-promoting effects of Alzheimer mutant presenilin 2.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acid Sequence; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Cell Fractionation; Cell Line; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Enkephalins; Genetic Variation; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Peptide Fragments; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Presenilin-2; Protein Precursors; Protein Sorting Signals; Protein Transport; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Deletion; trans-Golgi Network; Transfection | 2001 |
Sensitization to the behavioural effects of cocaine: alterations in tyrosine hydroxylase or endogenous opioid mRNAs are not necessarily involved.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cocaine; Dopamine; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Locomotion; Male; Microdialysis; Neurons; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Tyrosine Transaminase | 2001 |
Alterations in cortical and basal ganglia levels of opioid receptor binding in a rat model of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Behavior, Animal; Binding Sites; Cerebral Cortex; Diprenorphine; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine Agents; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; Levodopa; Narcotic Antagonists; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Sympatholytics; Tritium | 2001 |
Upregulation of striatal preproenkephalin gene expression occurs before the appearance of parkinsonian signs in 1-methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine monkeys.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Homovanillic Acid; Macaca fascicularis; Neostriatum; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Up-Regulation | 2001 |
Coadministration of (-)-OSU6162 with l-DOPA normalizes preproenkephalin mRNA expression in the sensorimotor striatum of primates with unilateral 6-OHDA lesions.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Callithrix; Caudate Nucleus; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine Agents; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enkephalins; Female; In Situ Hybridization; Injections, Subcutaneous; Levodopa; Ligands; Male; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Piperidines; Protein Precursors; Putamen; RNA, Messenger; Tritium | 2001 |
Withdrawal from alcohol in withdrawal seizure-prone and -resistant mice: evidence for enkephalin resistance.
Topics: Aluminum; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Central Nervous System Depressants; Digoxigenin; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Female; Half-Life; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; MSH Release-Inhibiting Hormone; Neuropeptides; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; RNA, Messenger; Seizures; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2001 |
Genetic association analysis of behavioral inhibition using candidate loci from mouse models.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety Disorders; Behavior, Animal; Child; Child Behavior; Child, Preschool; Enkephalins; Family Health; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Humans; Infant; Infant Behavior; Inhibition, Psychological; Mice; Models, Animal; Nuclear Family; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Receptors, Purinergic P1; Risk Factors | 2001 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA is expressed by C1 and non-C1 barosensitive bulbospinal neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rat.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Blood Pressure; Consciousness; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Hypotension; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Pressoreceptors; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Sympathetic Nervous System; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2001 |
RTX exotoxins.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Toxins; Cystitis, Interstitial; Enkephalins; Exotoxins; Female; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Herpes Simplex; Pain Management; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Urinary Bladder | 2001 |
Gene therapy of bladder pain with herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors expressing preproenkephalin (PPE).
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Capsaicin; Cystitis, Interstitial; Enkephalins; Female; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Herpesviridae; Pain; Pain Management; Protein Precursors; Rats; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Diseases | 2001 |
The role of kainic acid/AMPA and metabotropic glutamate receptors in the regulation of opioid mRNA expression and the onset of pain-related behavior following excitotoxic spinal cord injury.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Grooming; Indans; Male; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries | 2001 |
Molecular analysis of estrogen induction of preproenkephalin gene expression and its modulation by thyroid hormones.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Enkephalins; Estrogens; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Ovariectomy; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Thyroid Hormones; Transfection; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | 2001 |
Endogenous opioids and oligodendroglial function: possible autocrine/paracrine effects on cell survival and development.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Autocrine Communication; Brain; Cell Differentiation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Oligodendroglia; Opioid Peptides; Paracrine Communication; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Stem Cells | 2001 |
The endocrine disrupters butyl benzyl phthalate and bisphenol A increase the expression of progesterone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the preoptic area of adult ovariectomized rats.
Topics: Animals; Benzhydryl Compounds; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; Female; Neurotensin; Ovariectomy; Phenols; Phthalic Acids; Preoptic Area; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Progesterone; RNA, Messenger | 2001 |
Serotonin 2A receptor regulation of striatal neuropeptide gene expression is selective for tachykinin, but not enkephalin neurons following dopamine depletion.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Amphetamines; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; In Situ Hybridization; Ketanserin; Male; Neurons; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; Receptors, Serotonin; Ritanserin; Serotonin; Serotonin Antagonists; Serotonin Receptor Agonists; Sympatholytics; Tachykinins; Transcription, Genetic | 2001 |
Relevance between striatal expression of Fos, proenkephalin mRNA, prodynorphin mRNA and rotation induced by l-stepholidine in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats.
Topics: Animals; Berberine; Dopamine Antagonists; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Genes, fos; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Rotation | 2000 |
Alterations in central preproenkephalin mRNA expression after chronic free-choice ethanol consumption by fawn-hooded rats.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Brain; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Gene Expression; Male; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nucleus Accumbens; Olfactory Pathways; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Self Administration | 2001 |
Neonatal dopamine depletion reveals a synergistic mechanism of mRNA regulation that is mediated by dopamine(D1) and serotonin(2) receptors and is targeted to tachykinin neurons of the dorsomedial striatum.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Dopamine; Dopamine Agonists; Dopamine Antagonists; Drug Synergism; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Male; Movement Disorders; Neostriatum; Neurons; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Serotonin; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin Antagonists; Serotonin Receptor Agonists; Tachykinins | 2001 |
Cytotoxic effects of dynorphins through nonopioid intracellular mechanisms.
Topics: Apoptosis; Cation Exchange Resins; Cell Compartmentation; Cell Survival; Central Nervous System; Cytoplasm; Cytotoxins; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Immunohistochemistry; Lipids; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nerve Degeneration; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Transcription, Genetic; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 | 2001 |
Kappa opioid receptor stimulation decreases amphetamine-induced behavior and neuropeptide mRNA expression in the striatum.
Topics: Amphetamine; Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzeneacetamides; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Neuropeptides; Protein Precursors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger; Stimulation, Chemical; Substance P | 2001 |
Enkephalin release and opioid receptor activation does not mediate the antinociceptive or sedative/hypnotic effects of nitrous oxide.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Genotype; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Naltrexone; Neurons; Nitrous Oxide; Pain; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Receptors, Opioid | 2001 |
Prodynorphin and kappa opioid receptor mRNA expression in the cingulate and prefrontal cortices of subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia or affective disorders.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Enkephalins; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Marijuana Abuse; Middle Aged; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger; Schizophrenia; Sex Factors; Suicide | 2001 |
Crosstalk between oestrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptor isoforms results in differential regulation of the preproenkephalin gene.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Protein Isoforms; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptor Cross-Talk; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone | 2001 |
Therapeutic efficacy in experimental polyarthritis of viral-driven enkephalin overproduction in sensory neurons.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Arthritis, Experimental; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Enkephalins; Freund's Adjuvant; Ganglia, Spinal; Genes, Reporter; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Hindlimb; Hyperalgesia; Male; Neurons, Afferent; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Severity of Illness Index; Terminal Repeat Sequences; Treatment Outcome | 2001 |
Hypothalamic CRH mRNA levels are differentially modulated by repeated 'binge' cocaine with or without D(1) dopamine receptor blockade.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Benzazepines; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dopamine Antagonists; Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Enkephalins; Frontal Lobe; Gene Expression; Hypothalamus; Male; Olfactory Bulb; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Receptors, Dopamine D1; RNA, Messenger; Sulpiride | 2001 |
Prenatal nicotine affects catecholamine gene expression in newborn rat carotid body and petrosal ganglion.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Carotid Body; Catecholamines; Enkephalins; Female; Ganglia, Parasympathetic; Ganglionic Stimulants; Hemodynamics; In Situ Hybridization; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Respiratory Mechanics; RNA, Messenger; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; Up-Regulation | 2001 |
Maternal undernutrition in early gestation alters molecular regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the ovine fetus.
Topics: Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Autoradiography; Blotting, Northern; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Densitometry; Diet; Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; Growth Hormone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; In Situ Hybridization; Neuropeptides; Nutrition Disorders; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Pregnancy; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; RNA, Messenger; Sheep | 2001 |
Persistent changes in striatal gene expression induced by long-term L-DOPA treatment in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Animals; Bromocriptine; Denervation; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine Agents; Dopamine Agonists; Drug Administration Schedule; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Immunohistochemistry; Levodopa; Neostriatum; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sympatholytics | 2001 |
Absence of delta -9-tetrahydrocannabinol dysphoric effects in dynorphin-deficient mice.
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Brain Chemistry; Dronabinol; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Targeting; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Mutant Strains; Morphine; Motivation; Motor Activity; Narcotics; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Spatial Behavior; Substance-Related Disorders | 2001 |
Capillary LC-MS2 at the attomole level for monitoring and discovering endogenous peptides in microdialysis samples collected in vivo.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalins; Male; Microdialysis; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization | 2001 |
Nigrostriatal denervation does not affect glutamate transporter mRNA expression but subsequent levodopa treatment selectively increases GLT1 mRNA and protein expression in the rat striatum.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Denervation; Dopamine; Dopamine Agents; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Levodopa; Protein Precursors; Radiography; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Symporters | 2001 |
Identification and characterization of differentially methylated CpG islands in pancreatic carcinoma.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azacitidine; CpG Islands; Cyclin G; Cyclin G1; Cyclins; DNA Methylation; Enkephalins; Humans; Microsatellite Repeats; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Protein Precursors; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | 2001 |
cAMP response element-binding protein is required for dopamine-dependent gene expression in the intact but not the dopamine-denervated striatum.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Cocaine; Corpus Striatum; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Denervation; DNA; Dopamine; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Routes; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Levodopa; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Transcription Factor AP-1 | 2001 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA expression in rat parabrachial neurons: relation to cells activated by systemic immune challenge.
Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Immune System; Immunohistochemistry; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Neurons; Pons; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Up-Regulation; Visceral Afferents | 2001 |
MK-801 alters the effects of priming with L-DOPA on dopamine D1 receptor-induced changes in neuropeptide mRNA levels in the rat striatal output neurons.
Topics: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dopamine Agents; Dopamine Agonists; Drug Interactions; Dynorphins; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Immunohistochemistry; Levodopa; Male; Motor Activity; Neostriatum; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2002 |
Regulation of striatal neuropeptide mRNAs: effects of the 5-HT(2) antagonist SR46349B in adult rats with a neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Denervation; Dopamine; Down-Regulation; Enkephalins; Fluorobenzenes; Neostriatum; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Oxidopamine; Phenols; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Serotonin; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin; Serotonin Antagonists; Sympatholytics; Tachykinins; Up-Regulation | 2002 |
ERK MAP kinase activation in superficial spinal cord neurons induces prodynorphin and NK-1 upregulation and contributes to persistent inflammatory pain hypersensitivity.
Topics: Animals; Butadienes; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Freund's Adjuvant; Hindlimb; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Nitriles; Pain; Posterior Horn Cells; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Up-Regulation | 2002 |
DREAM is a critical transcriptional repressor for pain modulation.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Behavior, Animal; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Consensus Sequence; Down-Regulation; Enkephalins; Heart; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Neuralgia; Neurons; Physical Stimulation; Presenilin-1; Presenilin-2; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Repressor Proteins; Spinal Cord; Stimulation, Chemical; Transcription, Genetic | 2002 |
Subjects with major depression or bipolar disorder show reduction of prodynorphin mRNA expression in discrete nuclei of the amygdaloid complex.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Aged; Amygdala; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Hippocampus; Humans; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Schizophrenia | 2002 |
A functional polymorphism in the prodynorphin gene promotor is associated with temporal lobe epilepsy.
Topics: Enkephalins; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Male; Polymorphism, Genetic; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index | 2002 |
Increase of preproenkephalin mRNA levels in the putamen of Parkinson disease patients with levodopa-induced dyskinesias.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antiparkinson Agents; Caudate Nucleus; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Humans; In Situ Hybridization; Levodopa; Parkinson Disease; Protein Precursors; Putamen; RNA, Messenger; Statistics as Topic | 2002 |
Striatopallidal neurons are selectively protected by neurturin in an excitotoxic model of Huntington's disease.
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Globus Pallidus; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Huntington Disease; Isoenzymes; Male; Neostriatum; Nerve Growth Factors; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxins; Neurturin; Protein Precursors; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 2002 |
Impaired preprodynorphin, but not preproenkephalin, mRNA induction in the striatum of mGluR1 mutant mice in response to acute administration of the full dopamine D(1) agonist SKF-82958.
Topics: Animals; Benzazepines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; RNA, Messenger; Up-Regulation | 2002 |
Selective loss of striatal preprotachykinin neurons in a phenocopy of Huntington's disease.
Topics: Aged; Cell Survival; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Globus Pallidus; Humans; Huntington Disease; Neurologic Examination; Neurons; Phenotype; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Precursors; Substance P; Tachykinins; Trinucleotide Repeats | 2002 |
Regulation of dynorphin gene expression by kappa-opioid agonist treatment.
Topics: Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Brain; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Protein Precursors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution | 2002 |
Striatal tachykinin and enkephalin mRNAs are normalized by serotonin2 and NMDA manipulation following dopamine depletion.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Serotonin; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 2002 |
Further characterization of preproenkephalin mRNA-containing cells in the rodent globus pallidus.
Topics: Animals; Dopamine Agonists; Dopamine Antagonists; Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; Efferent Pathways; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Dyes; Globus Pallidus; Male; Neurons; Nuclear Proteins; Parvalbumins; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Stilbamidines; Tissue Distribution | 2002 |
Aberrant CpG island methylation in cancer cell lines arises in the primary cancers from which they were derived.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Calcium Channels, T-Type; Cell Line; CpG Islands; DNA Methylation; DNA, Neoplasm; Enkephalins; Genes, Tumor Suppressor; Humans; Neoplasm Proteins; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Retinoic Acid; Thrombospondin 1; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2002 |
Neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing cells of the ventral respiratory group are functionally heterogeneous and predominantly glutamatergic.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Biotin; Carrier Proteins; Enkephalins; Glutamic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Membrane Transport Proteins; Neurons; Periodicity; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; Respiration; Respiratory Center; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2; Vesicular Transport Proteins | 2002 |
Potentially functional polymorphism in the promoter region of prodynorphin gene may be associated with protection against cocaine dependence or abuse.
Topics: Alleles; Base Sequence; Cocaine-Related Disorders; DNA; Enkephalins; Gene Frequency; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Polymorphism, Genetic; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid | 2002 |
Aberrant methylation of preproenkephalin and p16 genes in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Chronic Disease; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; DNA Methylation; DNA, Neoplasm; Enkephalins; Epithelium; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Pancreas; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatitis; Protein Precursors | 2002 |
Met-enkephalin and preproenkephalin mRNA changes in the striatum of the nicotine abstinence mouse.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Blotting, Northern; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Mice; Nicotine; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution | 2002 |
Ethanol consumption patterns and conditioned place preference in mice lacking preproenkephalin.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Choice Behavior; Conditioning, Psychological; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Protein Precursors; Reward | 2002 |
Identification of a fourth opioid core sequence in a prodynorphin cDNA cloned from the brain of the amphibian, Bufo marinus: deciphering the evolution of prodynorphin and proenkephalin.
Topics: Acetylation; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Brain Chemistry; Bufo marinus; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Complementary; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Evolution, Molecular; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Protein Precursors; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology | 2002 |
Aberrant methylation of CpG islands in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary; Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; CpG Islands; DNA Methylation; Enkephalins; Female; Genes, p16; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Protein Precursors | 2002 |
Increases in striatal preproenkephalin gene expression are associated with nigrostriatal damage but not L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in the squirrel monkey.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Autoradiography; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Agents; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Dyskinesias; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; In Situ Hybridization; Levodopa; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Saimiri; Substantia Nigra; Time Factors | 2002 |
Effects of acute "binge" cocaine on preprodynorphin, preproenkephalin, proopiomelanocortin, and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor mRNA levels in the striatum and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of mu-opioid receptor knockout mice.
Topics: Animals; Cocaine; Corpus Striatum; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Frontal Lobe; Gene Expression; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Pons; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger | 2002 |
L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine model of parkinson's disease: relation to motor and cellular parameters of nigrostriatal function.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Behavior, Animal; Biomarkers; Brain Mapping; Caudate Nucleus; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Levodopa; Motor Activity; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Severity of Illness Index; Substantia Nigra; Sympathectomy, Chemical; Transcription Factors | 2002 |
Effect of prodynorphin-derived opioid peptides on the ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in the proestrous rat.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Brain; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Luteinizing Hormone; Naltrexone; Ovulation; Peptide Fragments; Proestrus; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, kappa | 2002 |
Decompensated hemorrhage activates serotonergic neurons in the subependymal parapyramidal region of the rat medulla.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Heart Rate; Hydralazine; Hypotension; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Vasodilator Agents | 2002 |
Allelic variation in the human prodynorphin gene promoter and schizophrenia.
Topics: Alleles; Case-Control Studies; Enkephalins; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Glycine; Humans; Italy; Polymorphism, Genetic; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Dopamine D3; Risk Factors; Schizophrenia; White People | 2002 |
Stress-induced preproenkephalin mRNA expression in the amygdala changes during early ontogeny in the rat.
Topics: Aging; Amygdala; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Enkephalins; Male; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; RNA, Messenger; Sex Factors; Social Behavior; Stress, Psychological | 2002 |
Preprodynorphin-, preproenkephalin-, preprotachykinin A- and preprotachykinin B-immunoreactive neurons in the accumbens nucleus and olfactory tubercle: double-immunofluorescence analysis.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Immunohistochemistry; Neurokinin B; Neurons; Nucleus Accumbens; Olfactory Pathways; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tachykinins | 2002 |
Intrathecally administered big dynorphin, a prodynorphin-derived peptide, produces nociceptive behavior through an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor mechanism.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Injections, Spinal; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Mice; Morphine; Neurokinin A; Nociceptors; Peptide Fragments; Piperidines; Protein Precursors; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Tachykinin; Substance P | 2002 |
Transcription factors involved in the pathogenesis of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Levodopa; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Sympatholytics; Transcription Factors | 2002 |
Naloxone reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesias and apomorphine-induced rotations in primate models of parkinsonism.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Benserazide; Callithrix; Dopamine; Dopamine Agents; Dopamine Antagonists; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; In Situ Hybridization; Levodopa; Male; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Protein Precursors; RNA; Rotation; Stereotyped Behavior; Sympathectomy, Chemical | 2002 |
Distribution of adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist KW-6002 and its effect on gene expression in the rat brain.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic Antagonists; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Neurons; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; Purines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; RNA, Messenger; Sympatholytics; Tachykinins; Tissue Distribution | 2002 |
Age-related decline in hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2 messenger RNA levels in the mouse brain.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Orexin Receptors; Protein Precursors; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Receptors, Neuropeptide; RNA, Messenger | 2002 |
Opioid circuits originating from the nucleus paragigantocellularis and their potential role in opiate withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Morphine; Narcotics; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Solitary Nucleus; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2002 |
Key role for enkephalinergic tone in cortico-striatal-thalamic function.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Borna Disease; Borna disease virus; Cells, Cultured; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Genes, fos; Humans; Male; Neuroblastoma; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2002 |
Further studies on possible dynorphin involvement in the ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in the proestrous rat.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Luteinizing Hormone; Ovulation; Peptide Fragments; Perfusion; Preoptic Area; Proestrus; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger | 2002 |
Alterations in striatal neuropeptide mRNA produced by repeated administration of L-DOPA, ropinirole or bromocriptine correlate with dyskinesia induction in MPTP-treated common marmosets.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Bromocriptine; Callithrix; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; Indoles; Levodopa; Male; Mazindol; Neostriatum; Neural Pathways; Neuropeptides; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Purinergic P1; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 2002 |
Inspiratory augmenting bulbospinal neurons express both glutamatergic and enkephalinergic phenotypes.
Topics: Animals; Carrier Proteins; Enkephalins; Glutamic Acid; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Motor Neurons; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2; Vesicular Transport Proteins | 2003 |
AMPA receptor antagonist LY293558 reverses preproenkephalin mRNA overexpression in the striatum of 6-OHDA-lesioned-rats treated with L-dopa.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dopamine; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gene Expression Regulation; Isoquinolines; Levodopa; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Neostriatum; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Tetrazoles | 2002 |
Inhibition of cAMP response element-binding protein or dynorphin in the nucleus accumbens produces an antidepressant-like effect.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Behavior, Animal; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Depression; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Helplessness, Learned; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Mutation; Naltrexone; Nucleus Accumbens; Prosencephalon; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, kappa | 2002 |
Genetic dissociation of opiate tolerance and physical dependence in delta-opioid receptor-1 and preproenkephalin knock-out mice.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Gene Targeting; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; N-Methylaspartate; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2002 |
In situ hybridization with isotopic riboprobes for detection of striatal neuropeptide mRNA expression after dopamine stimulant administration.
Topics: Animals; Antisense Elements (Genetics); Cocaine; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; In Situ Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA Probes; RNA, Messenger | 2003 |
"Binge" cocaine differentially alters preproenkephalin mRNA levels in guinea pig brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cocaine; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Drug Administration Schedule; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Male; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Species Specificity | 2003 |
Nicotinic induction of preproenkephalin and tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in butyrate-differentiated rat PC12 cells: a model for adaptation to gut-derived environmental signals.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Butyrates; Cell Differentiation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Nicotine; PC12 Cells; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2003 |
A group of glutamatergic interneurons expressing high levels of both neurokinin-1 receptors and somatostatin identifies the region of the pre-Bötzinger complex.
Topics: Animals; Carrier Proteins; Enkephalins; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Interneurons; Isoenzymes; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; Respiratory Center; RNA, Messenger; Somatostatin; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2; Vesicular Transport Proteins | 2003 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA expression in rat dorsal striatum induced by selective activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype-5.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Antagonists; Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gene Expression Regulation; Glycine; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Phenylacetates; Protein Precursors; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; RNA, Messenger; Salicylamides; Time Factors | 2003 |
[The role of Fos protein in modulation of dental pain in central nerve system].
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Enkephalins; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Pulpitis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Toothache; Transcription, Genetic | 2001 |
Ciproxifan, a histamine H3-receptor antagonist/inverse agonist, modulates the effects of methamphetamine on neuropeptide mRNA expression in rat striatum.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Corpus Striatum; Drug Synergism; Enkephalins; Histamine Antagonists; Imidazoles; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Methamphetamine; Methylhistamines; Neuropeptides; Neurotensin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Histamine H3; RNA, Messenger; Substance P | 2003 |
Prodynorphin gene promoter polymorphism and temporal lobe epilepsy.
Topics: Enkephalins; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Humans; Polymorphism, Genetic; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors | 2003 |
Alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and in levels of proopiomelanocortin and corticotropin-releasing hormone-receptor 1 mRNAs in the pituitary and hypothalamus of the rat during chronic 'binge' cocaine and withdrawal.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Amygdala; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Cocaine; Corticosterone; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Enkephalins; Frontal Lobe; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Male; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors | 2003 |
Time course of striatal DeltaFosB-like immunoreactivity and prodynorphin mRNA levels after discontinuation of chronic dopaminomimetic treatment.
Topics: Animals; Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Benserazide; Cocaine; Denervation; Dopamine; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Hydroxydopamines; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Levodopa; Neostriatum; Neural Pathways; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sympathectomy, Chemical | 2003 |
Differential changes in striatal projection neurons in R6/2 transgenic mice for Huntington's disease.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Autoradiography; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Genotype; Globus Pallidus; Huntington Disease; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Substance P; Substantia Nigra; Tachykinins | 2002 |
Preproenkephalin-like immunoreactive and calcium-binding proteins-like immunoreactive double-labelled neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Calbindin 1; Calbindin 2; Calbindins; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Neurons; Parvalbumins; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus | 2002 |
Pattern of levodopa-induced striatal changes is different in normal and MPTP-lesioned mice.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Binding, Competitive; Chronic Disease; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Enkephalins; Levodopa; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Dopamine D3; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Tachykinins; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2003 |
Cellular and behavioural effects of the adenosine A2a receptor antagonist KW-6002 in a rat model of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; Levodopa; Motor Activity; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; Purines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; RNA, Messenger; Treatment Outcome | 2003 |
Protein kinase C signaling transduces endorphin-primed cardiogenesis in GTR1 embryonic stem cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Nucleus; Dynorphins; Embryo, Mammalian; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Heart; Isoenzymes; Myocytes, Cardiac; Myosin Heavy Chains; Narcotic Antagonists; Protein Kinase C; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Stem Cells | 2003 |
Dynorphin B is an agonist of nuclear opioid receptors coupling nuclear protein kinase C activation to the transcription of cardiogenic genes in GTR1 embryonic stem cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Lineage; Cell Nucleus; DNA-Binding Proteins; Dynorphins; Embryo, Mammalian; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Enzyme Activation; GATA4 Transcription Factor; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Heart; Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5; Homeodomain Proteins; Myocytes, Cardiac; Protein Kinase C; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Stem Cells; Transcription Factors; Transcriptional Activation; Xenopus Proteins | 2003 |
Expression of the prodynorphin gene after experimental brain injury and its role in behavioral dysfunction.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Behavior, Animal; Brain Injuries; DNA Primers; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger | 2003 |
Long-term alteration in bodyweight and food restriction does not affect the gene expression of either preproorexin or prodynorphin in the sheep.
Topics: Animals; Appetite Regulation; Body Weight; Carrier Proteins; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Feeding Behavior; Female; Food Deprivation; Gene Expression Regulation; Hypothalamus; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Neurosecretory Systems; Orexins; Ovariectomy; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Sheep; Time Factors | 2003 |
Ca(2+)-dependent prodynorphin transcriptional derepression in neuroblastoma cells is exerted through DREAM protein activity in a kinase-independent manner.
Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Central Nervous System; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Regulator; Humans; Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins; Mutation; Neuroblastoma; Neurons; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; Repressor Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2003 |
Regulation of neuropeptide mRNA expression in the basal ganglia by intrastriatal and intranigral transplants in the rat Parkinson model.
Topics: Adrenergic Agents; Animals; Autoradiography; Basal Ganglia; Brain Mapping; Disease Models, Animal; Embryo, Mammalian; Enkephalins; Entopeduncular Nucleus; Female; Fetal Tissue Transplantation; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Neuropeptides; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Regression Analysis; RNA, Messenger; Septal Nuclei; Substantia Nigra; Tachykinins | 2003 |
Compensatory regulation of striatal neuropeptide gene expression occurs before changes in metabolic activity of basal ganglia nuclei.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Electron Transport Complex IV; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuropeptides; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Dopamine D3; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins | 2003 |
Effect of haemorrhage on the expression of neurotransmitter-related genes in rat ventrolateral medulla: a quantitative real-time RT-PCR study.
Topics: Animals; Benzothiazoles; Blood Pressure; Diamines; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Dyes; Gene Expression; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; Hemorrhage; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neuropeptide Y; Organic Chemicals; Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Protein Precursors; Quinolines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger | 2003 |
Increased CRH mRNA levels in the rat amygdala during short-term withdrawal from chronic 'binge' cocaine.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Brain Stem; Chronic Disease; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Corticosterone; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Enkephalins; Frontal Lobe; Gene Expression; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Male; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2003 |
Temporal upregulation of prodynorphin mRNA in the primate striatum after cocaine self-administration.
Topics: Animals; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Macaca mulatta; Male; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Self Administration; Up-Regulation | 2003 |
Systemic immune challenge induces preproenkephalin gene transcription in distinct autonomic structures of the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cloning, Molecular; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Interleukin-1; Introns; Male; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA; Time Factors | 2003 |
Kappa opioid receptor antagonism and prodynorphin gene disruption block stress-induced behavioral responses.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cocaine; Drug Synergism; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Motor Activity; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain Threshold; Protein Precursors; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reward; Spatial Behavior; Stress, Physiological; Swimming | 2003 |
Contribution of ionotropic glutamate receptors to acute amphetamine-stimulated preproenkephalin mRNA expression in the rat striatum in vivo.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Kainic Acid; RNA, Messenger | 2003 |
Long-term effects of short and long periods of maternal separation on brain opioid peptide levels in male Wistar rats.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Brain; Corticosterone; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Male; Maternal Deprivation; Opioid Peptides; Pituitary Gland; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors; Ultrasonics | 2003 |
Absence of preproenkephalin increases the threshold for T cell activation.
Topics: Animals; Antigens; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; Antigens, Viral; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Cytokines; Down-Regulation; Enkephalins; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Transgenic; Muromonab-CD3; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Interleukin-2; T-Lymphocyte Subsets | 2003 |
Chemical organization of projection neurons in the rat accumbens nucleus and olfactory tubercle.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Neural Pathways; Neurokinin B; Neurons; Nucleus Accumbens; Olfactory Pathways; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tachykinins | 2003 |
Prodynorphin gene promoter polymorphism and temporal lobe epilepsy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alleles; Confidence Intervals; Enkephalins; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Genotype; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Polymorphism, Genetic; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors | 2003 |
Effect of subthalamic nucleus or entopeduncular nucleus lesion on levodopa-induced neurochemical changes within the basal ganglia and on levodopa-induced motor alterations in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Electron Transport Complex IV; Enkephalins; Entopeduncular Nucleus; Globus Pallidus; Glutamate Decarboxylase; In Situ Hybridization; Isoenzymes; Levodopa; Male; Motor Activity; Neurons; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Subthalamic Nucleus | 2003 |
Effects of c-fos antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on 5-HT-induced upregulation of preprodynorphin, preproenkephalin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA expression in cultured rat spinal dorsal horn neurons.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; Posterior Horn Cells; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin; Serotonin Antagonists; Up-Regulation | 2003 |
Enhanced evoked excitatory transmitter release in experimental neuropathy requires descending facilitation.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Capsaicin; Disease Models, Animal; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Hyperesthesia; Ligation; Lumbosacral Region; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; Nerve Compression Syndromes; Neuralgia; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurotransmitter Agents; Oligopeptides; Opioid Peptides; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; Saporins; Sensory Thresholds; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerves | 2003 |
Herpes virus-mediated preproenkephalin gene transfer in the ventral striatum mimics behavioral changes produced by olfactory bulbectomy in rats.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Behavior, Animal; DNA, Complementary; Enkephalins; Gene Transfer Techniques; Herpesviridae; Male; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Olfactory Bulb; Olfactory Pathways; Protein Precursors; Psychomotor Agitation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Up-Regulation | 2003 |
Cloning and characterization of Xen-dorphin prohormone from Xenopus laevis: a new opioid-like prohormone distinct from proenkephalin and prodynorphin.
Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Brain; Cell Membrane; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Complementary; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Gene Library; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Hormones; Kinetics; Ligands; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptide Hormones; Protein Isoforms; Protein Precursors; Rats; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Tissue Distribution; Xenopus laevis | 2003 |
Increased striatal pre-proenkephalin B expression is associated with dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Male; Parkinson Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger | 2003 |
Heme oxygenase type 2 modulates behavioral and molecular changes during chronic exposure to morphine.
Topics: Animals; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); Hyperalgesia; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Pain; Protein Precursors; Reaction Time; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 2003 |
The expression and function of the OGF-OGFr axis - a tonically active negative regulator of growth - in COS cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Division; COS Cells; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid | 2003 |
Restricted daily consumption of a highly palatable food (chocolate Ensure(R)) alters striatal enkephalin gene expression.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Body Weight; Cacao; Cognition; Corpus Striatum; Dietary Sucrose; Eating; Enkephalins; Food, Formulated; Gene Expression Regulation; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Motivation; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2003 |
Memantine attenuates the increase in striatal preproenkephalin mRNA expression and development of haloperidol-induced persistent oral dyskinesias in rats.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cell Count; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Antagonists; Drug Interactions; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Haloperidol; In Situ Hybridization; Mastication; Memantine; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Stereotyped Behavior; Time Factors | 2003 |
Analgesia induced by dietary restriction is mediated by the kappa-opioid system.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Enkephalins; Fasting; Male; Mice; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Spinal Cord | 2003 |
Ventral striatopallidal oxytocin and vasopressin V1a receptors in the monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster).
Topics: Animals; Arvicolinae; Basal Ganglia; Binding Sites; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Female; Globus Pallidus; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mice; Neural Pathways; Nucleus Accumbens; Oxidopamine; Oxytocin; Presynaptic Terminals; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Oxytocin; Receptors, Vasopressin; RNA, Messenger; Sex Characteristics; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Substance P; Vasopressins | 2004 |
Ropinirole versus L-DOPA effects on striatal opioid peptide precursors in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease: implications for dyskinesia.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Behavior, Animal; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine Agonists; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Indoles; Levodopa; Male; Motor Activity; Opioid Peptides; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Synaptic Transmission | 2004 |
Reversal of ongoing thermal hyperalgesia in mice by a recombinant herpesvirus that encodes human preproenkephalin.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Herpesviridae; Hyperalgesia; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Oligopeptides; Peptide Fragments; Pertussis Toxin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Receptors, sigma; Somatostatin | 2004 |
Role of serotonin on cocaine-mediated effects on prodynorphin gene expression in the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carrier Proteins; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Enkephalins; Fluoxetine; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; p-Chloroamphetamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Serotonin; Time; Up-Regulation | 2004 |
Effects of extended access to high versus low cocaine doses on self-administration, cocaine-induced reinstatement and brain mRNA levels in rats.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Addictive; Brain; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Extinction, Psychological; Male; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Recurrence; RNA, Messenger; Self Administration; Time Factors | 2004 |
[cDNA macroarray analysis of genes responsible for cartilage formation].
Topics: Aggrecans; Animals; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Surface; Avian Proteins; Basigin; Biomarkers; Blood Proteins; Cartilage; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Chondrocytes; Collagen Type II; Enkephalins; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Lectins, C-Type; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Osteoarthritis; Osteogenesis; Protein Precursors; Proteoglycans; Transcription Factors | 2004 |
Gene expression of OGFr in the developing and adult rat brain and cerebellum.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Binding Sites; Brain; Cell Differentiation; Cerebellum; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Ligands; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; RNA, Messenger | 2004 |
Primary structure of guinea pig preprodynorphin and preproenkephalin mRNAs: multiple transcription initiation sites for preprodynorphin.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Brain; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Pituitary Gland; Protein Precursors; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; RNA, Messenger; Transcription Initiation Site | 2004 |
Opiate-like effects of sugar on gene expression in reward areas of the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Down-Regulation; Enkephalins; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Male; Morphine; Neural Pathways; Nucleus Accumbens; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Dopamine D3; Reward; RNA, Messenger; Substance-Related Disorders; Sucrose; Tachykinins; Up-Regulation | 2004 |
Neuropathic pain activates the endogenous kappa opioid system in mouse spinal cord and induces opioid receptor tolerance.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Drug Tolerance; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 3; Hyperalgesia; Lumbosacral Region; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Neuralgia; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Sciatic Neuropathy; Spinal Cord | 2004 |
Cloning of prodynorphin cDNAs from the brain of Australian and African lungfish: implications for the evolution of the prodynorphin gene.
Topics: Africa; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Australia; Base Sequence; Biological Evolution; Brain; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Complementary; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Fishes; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Precursors; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | 2004 |
Behavioral phenotype of pre-proenkephalin-deficient mice on diverse congenic backgrounds.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Analgesia; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Enkephalins; Hot Temperature; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Mice; Mice, Congenic; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice, Knockout; Motor Activity; Mutation; Pain; Pain Measurement; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; Reaction Time; Reflex, Startle; Stress, Psychological; Swimming | 2004 |
Spinal NF-kB activation induces COX-2 upregulation and contributes to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity.
Topics: Animals; Cyclooxygenase 2; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Freund's Adjuvant; Gene Expression; Hindlimb; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Injections, Spinal; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Interleukin-1; Isoenzymes; Male; NF-kappa B; Pain; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Sialoglycoproteins; Spinal Cord; Up-Regulation | 2004 |
Altered expression of preproenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNA in a genetic model of paroxysmal dystonia.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Chorea; Cricetinae; Disease Models, Animal; Dystonia; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; In Situ Hybridization; Mutation; Protein Precursors; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Tissue Distribution | 2004 |
A preproenkephalin-neurofilament chimeric promoter in a helper virus-free herpes simplex virus vector enhances long-term expression in the rat striatum.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Corpus Striatum; Cricetinae; Enkephalins; Fibroblasts; Gene Expression; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Vectors; Helper Viruses; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Kidney; Male; Microinjections; Neurofilament Proteins; Neurons; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recombinant Fusion Proteins | 2004 |
Changes of mRNA expression of enkephalin and prodynorphin in hippocampus of rats with chronic immobilization stress.
Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Hippocampus; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Restraint, Physical; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Stress, Physiological | 2004 |
Polymorphism of Prodynorphin promoter is associated with schizophrenia in Chinese population.
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Enkephalins; Exons; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Schizophrenia | 2004 |
Effects of the selective norepinephrine uptake inhibitor nisoxetine on prodynorphin gene expression in rat CNS.
Topics: Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Central Nervous System; Cocaine; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Enkephalins; Fluoxetine; Gene Expression; Male; Piperazines; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors | 2004 |
Candidate genes, pathways and mechanisms for bipolar (manic-depressive) and related disorders: an expanded convergent functional genomics approach.
Topics: Animals; Antimanic Agents; Bayes Theorem; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Profiling; Genetic Linkage; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Testing; Genomics; Humans; Male; Methamphetamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microarray Analysis; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Pharmacogenetics; Phosphoproteins; Protein Precursors; Substance P; Tachykinins; Valproic Acid | 2004 |
Quantitative autoradiography of adenosine receptors and NBTI-sensitive adenosine transporters in the brains of mice deficient in the preproenkephalin gene.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Enkephalins; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Nucleoside Transport Proteins; Protein Binding; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Purinergic P1; Thioinosine; Xanthines | 2004 |
Turning on stem cell cardiogenesis with extremely low frequency magnetic fields.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; DNA-Binding Proteins; Embryo, Mammalian; Enkephalins; GATA4 Transcription Factor; Gene Expression Regulation; Heart; Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5; Homeodomain Proteins; Humans; Magnetics; Myocardium; Myocytes, Cardiac; Organogenesis; Protein Precursors; Radiation, Nonionizing; Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering; Transcription Factors | 2005 |
Chronic estrogenic drug treatment increases preproenkephalin mRNA levels in the rat striatum and nucleus accumbens.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Drug Administration Schedule; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Estrogen Receptor alpha; Estrogen Receptor beta; Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Female; Gyrus Cinguli; Neostriatum; Nitriles; Nucleus Accumbens; Organ Size; Ovariectomy; Phenols; Prefrontal Cortex; Protein Precursors; Pyrazoles; Raloxifene Hydrochloride; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Tamoxifen; Time Factors; Uterus | 2005 |
Repeated peripheral electrical stimulations suppress both morphine-induced CPP and reinstatement of extinguished CPP in rats: accelerated expression of PPE and PPD mRNA in NAc implicated.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Dynorphins; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Extinction, Psychological; Gene Expression Regulation; Hindlimb; Male; Morphine; Motor Activity; Narcotics; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors | 2004 |
Alterations in expression of dopamine receptors and neuropeptides in the striatum of GTP cyclohydrolase-deficient mice.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Dystonia; Enkephalins; GTP Cyclohydrolase; In Situ Hybridization; Mice; Neuropeptides; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Presynaptic Terminals; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Dopamine; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2004 |
Alpha 7-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and prodynorphin mRNA expression after administration of (-)-nicotine and U-50,488H in beta-amyloid peptide (25-35)-treated mice.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Mice; Nicotine; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Nicotinic; RNA, Messenger | 2004 |
Convergent analysis of cDNA and short oligomer microarrays, mouse null mutants and bioinformatics resources to study complex traits.
Topics: Animals; Association Learning; Avoidance Learning; Computational Biology; Databases, Genetic; DNA, Complementary; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Female; G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels; Gene Expression Profiling; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Models, Genetic; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Phenotype; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Taste | 2004 |
Pronociceptive role of dynorphins in uninjured animals: N-ethylmaleimide-induced nociceptive behavior mediated through inhibition of dynorphin degradation.
Topics: Agmatine; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biguanides; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ethylmaleimide; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Immune Sera; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Narcotics; Nociceptin Receptor; Piperidines; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; Spinal Cord; Time Factors | 2005 |
Expression of opioid receptor subtypes and their ligands in fibrillating human atria.
Topics: Aged; Atrial Fibrillation; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; RNA, Messenger | 2005 |
Nicotine-induced antinociception, rewarding effects, and physical dependence are decreased in mice lacking the preproenkephalin gene.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Conditioning, Classical; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Female; Hot Temperature; Male; Mecamylamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Microdialysis; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Nucleus Accumbens; Opioid Peptides; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Protein Precursors; Reward; Spatial Behavior; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2005 |
Regulation of striatal preproenkephalin mRNA levels in MPTP-lesioned mice treated with estradiol.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Autoradiography; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Homovanillic Acid; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; MPTP Poisoning; Neuroprotective Agents; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Vesicular Biogenic Amine Transport Proteins; Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins | 2005 |
Experimental tooth movement upregulates preproenkephalin mRNA in the rat trigeminal nucleus caudalis and oralis.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Functional Laterality; Male; Neural Inhibition; Nociceptors; Orthodontic Appliances; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tooth; Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus; Up-Regulation | 2005 |
Gene gun particle encoding preproenkephalin cDNA produces analgesia against capsaicin-induced bladder pain in rats.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Biolistics; Capsaicin; DNA, Complementary; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Pain; Pain Management; Plasmids; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Urinary Bladder | 2005 |
Blunted response to cocaine in the Flinders hypercholinergic animal model of depression.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Corpus Striatum; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Microdialysis; Motor Activity; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 2005 |
Blockade of melanocortin transmission inhibits cocaine reward.
Topics: Agouti Signaling Protein; alpha-MSH; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cocaine; Conditioning, Operant; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Motor Activity; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Mutant Strains; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4; Reward; RNA, Messenger; Self Administration; Time Factors | 2005 |
Alteration of kappa-opioid receptor system expression in distinct brain regions of a genetic model of enhanced ethanol withdrawal severity.
Topics: Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Caudate Nucleus; Central Nervous System Depressants; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Gyrus Cinguli; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Nucleus Accumbens; Olfactory Pathways; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger; Species Specificity; Tissue Distribution | 2005 |
Maternal deprivation increases vulnerability to morphine dependence and disturbs the enkephalinergic system in adulthood.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Autoradiography; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Choice Behavior; Conditioning, Psychological; Dialysis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drinking Behavior; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; In Situ Hybridization; Maternal Deprivation; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Narcotics; Nucleus Accumbens; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Self Administration; Sucrose; Time Factors; Tritium | 2005 |
Prodynorphin knockout mice demonstrate diminished age-associated impairment in spatial water maze performance.
Topics: Age Factors; Aging; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain Chemistry; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Frontal Lobe; Gene Expression Regulation; Genotype; Hippocampus; Maze Learning; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Reaction Time; Retention, Psychology; Space Perception; Spatial Behavior; Swimming; Time Factors | 2005 |
Embryonic gene expression and pro-protein processing of proSAAS during rodent development.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cell Differentiation; Central Nervous System; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Hormones; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nervous System; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Neurosecretory Systems; Peripheral Nervous System; Pituitary Gland; Proprotein Convertase 1; Protein Isoforms; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 2005 |
Immediate withdrawal from chronic "binge" cocaine administration increases mu-opioid receptor mRNA levels in rat frontal cortex.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Down-Regulation; Drug Administration Schedule; Enkephalins; Frontal Lobe; Male; Narcotic Antagonists; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors | 2005 |
Neuroprotection induced by the adenosine A2A antagonist CSC in the 6-OHDA rat model of parkinsonism: effect on the activity of striatal output pathways.
Topics: Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Caffeine; Cell Count; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Globus Pallidus; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Microinjections; Neostriatum; Neural Pathways; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; RNA, Messenger; Stereotyped Behavior; Substantia Nigra; Sympatholytics; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2005 |
Morphine-induced changes in the activity of proopiomelanocortin and prodynorphin systems in zymosan-induced peritonitis in mice.
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Enkephalins; Leukocytes; Male; Mice; Morphine; Peritonitis; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Zymosan | 2005 |
Prodynorphin transcripts and proteins differentially expressed and regulated in the adult human brain.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Enkephalins; Exons; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; RNA, Messenger | 2005 |
Functional mu opioid receptors are expressed in cholinergic interneurons of the rat dorsal striatum: territorial specificity and diurnal variation.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Circadian Rhythm; Corpus Striatum; Drug Interactions; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Immunohistochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Interneurons; Limbic System; Membrane Potentials; N-Methylaspartate; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Synaptosomes; Tritium | 2005 |
COMT Val108/158Met genotype affects the mu-opioid receptor system in the human brain: evidence from ligand-binding, G-protein activation and preproenkephalin mRNA expression.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autoradiography; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Catechol O-Methyltransferase; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Genotype; GTP-Binding Proteins; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Humans; In Situ Hybridization; Ligands; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Valine | 2005 |
Absence of an hypoxic depression of metabolism in preproenkephalin knockout mice.
Topics: Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Body Temperature; Enkephalins; Hypoxia; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Oxygen Consumption; Plethysmography; Protein Precursors; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Respiration; Tidal Volume | 2006 |
Social defeat stress-induced behavioral responses are mediated by the endogenous kappa opioid system.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cocaine; Conditioning, Operant; Enkephalins; Immobility Response, Tonic; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Social Behavior; Stress, Psychological | 2006 |
Prior activation of kappa opioid receptors by U50,488 mimics repeated forced swim stress to potentiate cocaine place preference conditioning.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cocaine; Conditioning, Operant; Drug Interactions; Enkephalins; Enzyme Activation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Motor Activity; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Stress, Physiological; Swimming; Time Factors | 2006 |
Prevention of levodopa-induced dyskinesias by a selective NR1A/2B N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist in parkinsonian monkeys: implication of preproenkephalin.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Benserazide; Benzoxazoles; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Levodopa; Macaca fascicularis; Parkinsonian Disorders; Piperidines; Protein Precursors; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger | 2006 |
ERK phosphorylation and FosB expression are associated with L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in hemiparkinsonian mice.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Behavior, Animal; Blotting, Western; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Drug Administration Schedule; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Dyskinesias; Enkephalins; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Gene Expression; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Levodopa; Locomotion; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Motor Activity; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Phosphorylation; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; RNA, Messenger; Statistics, Nonparametric; Time Factors | 2006 |
Butyrate, a gut-derived environmental signal, regulates tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression via a novel promoter element.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Butyrates; Catecholamines; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; DNA-Binding Proteins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Neurons; PC12 Cells; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Response Elements; Transcriptional Activation; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2005 |
Leumorphin has an anti-apoptotic effect by activating epidermal growth factor receptor kinase in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Binding Sites; Cell Survival; CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; Enkephalins; Enzyme Activation; ErbB Receptors; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; PC12 Cells; Protein Precursors; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Rats; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; src-Family Kinases | 2005 |
Confirmation of the association between a polymorphism in the promoter region of the prodynorphin gene and cocaine dependence.
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Enkephalins; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Male; Polymorphism, Genetic; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors | 2005 |
Preproenkephalin targeted antisenses cross the blood-brain barrier to reduce brain methionine enkephalin levels and increase voluntary ethanol drinking.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Drinking Behavior; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Gene Targeting; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Protein Precursors; RNA, Antisense | 2006 |
A proposed hypothalamic-thalamic-striatal axis for the integration of energy balance, arousal, and food reward.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Arousal; Dopamine; Dynorphins; Energy Metabolism; Enkephalins; Food; Hypothalamus; Models, Biological; Narcotics; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reward; RNA, Messenger; Thalamus | 2005 |
Comparison of basal and D-1 dopamine receptor agonist-stimulated neuropeptide gene expression in caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens of ad libitum fed and food-restricted rats.
Topics: Animals; Benzazepines; Caudate Nucleus; Dopamine Agonists; Dynorphins; Eating; Enkephalins; Food Deprivation; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, fos; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Neuropeptides; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Reward; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Stimulation, Chemical; Tachykinins | 2005 |
Ancient and recent positive selection transformed opioid cis-regulation in humans.
Topics: Alleles; Animals; Base Sequence; Biomarkers; Conserved Sequence; Enkephalins; Evolution, Molecular; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Variation; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Narcotics; Phylogeny; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Selection, Genetic; Sequence Alignment | 2005 |
Trends in the evolution of the prodynorphin gene in teleosts: cloning of eel and tilapia prodynorphin cDNAs.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Complementary; Eels; Enkephalins; Evolution, Molecular; Gnathostoma; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Protein Precursors; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Tilapia | 2006 |
Chronic and acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine ('Ecstasy') administration on the dynorphinergic system in the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Brain; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Hallucinogens; Male; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors | 2006 |
Big dynorphin, a prodynorphin-derived peptide produces NMDA receptor-mediated effects on memory, anxiolytic-like and locomotor behavior in mice.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Hot Temperature; Male; Memory; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Motor Activity; Naltrexone; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Reaction Time; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2006 |
Involvement of kappa/dynorphin system in WIN 55,212-2 self-administration in mice.
Topics: Animals; Benzoxazines; Cannabinoids; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Morpholines; Naltrexone; Naphthalenes; Protein Precursors; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Self Administration | 2006 |
Genetics. Expression of endorphin gene favored in human evolution.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Mutation; Pan troglodytes; Primates; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Selection, Genetic | 2005 |
A functional prodynorphin promoter polymorphism and opioid dependence.
Topics: Enkephalins; Ethnicity; Genotype; Humans; Opioid-Related Disorders; Philadelphia; Polymorphism, Genetic; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid | 2005 |
Dysfunction of the cortico-basal ganglia-cortical loop in a rat model of early parkinsonism is reversed by metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonism.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Cerebral Cortex; Denervation; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Electron Transport Complex IV; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Mazindol; Neostriatum; Nerve Net; Neurons; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; RNA, Messenger; Sympatholytics; Tachykinins; Thalamus | 2005 |
[Analgesic effect of intrathecal transplant of immortalized rat astrocyte strain genetically modified by human preproenkephalin gene on rat chronic neuropathic pain].
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Chronic Pain; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Male; Neuralgia; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2005 |
Striatal muscarinic receptor antagonism reduces 24-h food intake in association with decreased preproenkephalin gene expression.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Corpus Striatum; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Eating; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Locomotion; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Scopolamine; Time Factors | 2005 |
Alterations of the preproenkephalin system in cardiac hypertrophy and its role in atrioventricular conduction.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Atrioventricular Node; Blotting, Northern; Cardiomegaly; Enkephalins; Heart Ventricles; Isoproterenol; Male; Muscle Cells; Myocytes, Cardiac; Perfusion; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger | 2006 |
Contingency does not contribute to the effects of cocaine self-administration on prodynorphin and proenkephalin gene expression in the rat forebrain.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cocaine; Diagnostic Imaging; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Prosencephalon; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reinforcement Schedule; RNA, Messenger; Self Administration | 2006 |
Distribution of prodynorphin mRNA and its interaction with the NPY system in the mouse brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Neuropeptide Y; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger | 2006 |
Differential protective properties of estradiol and tamoxifen against methamphetamine-induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic toxicity in mice.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Estrogen Antagonists; In Situ Hybridization; Methamphetamine; Mice; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Protein Precursors; Substantia Nigra; Tamoxifen; Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins | 2005 |
Stimulation of adenosine receptors selectively activates gene expression in striatal enkephalinergic neurons.
Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Drug Combinations; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Neurons; Phenethylamines; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Purinergic P1 | 2006 |
Extracellular signal-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors decrease amphetamine-induced behavior and neuropeptide gene expression in the striatum.
Topics: Aminoacetonitrile; Amphetamine; Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Animals; Butadienes; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Motor Activity; Neuropeptides; Nitriles; Phosphorylation; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Up-Regulation | 2006 |
The expression of prodynorphin gene is down-regulated by activation with lipopolysaccharide in U-937 macrophage cells.
Topics: Blotting, Northern; Cell Line; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Interleukin-6; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors; Transfection; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; U937 Cells | 2006 |
Reversion of levodopa-induced motor fluctuations by the A2A antagonist CSC is associated with an increase in striatal preprodynorphin mRNA expression in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Adenosine; Adrenergic Agents; Animals; Caffeine; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Dyskinesias; Enkephalins; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Levodopa; Male; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger | 2006 |
Genetic variant of prodynorphin gene is risk factor for methamphetamine dependence.
Topics: Adult; Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Confidence Intervals; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Polymorphism, Genetic; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Risk Factors | 2006 |
Variations in opioid peptide levels during the estrous cycle in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Estrous Cycle; Female; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2006 |
Fos-enkephalin signaling in the rat medial vestibular nucleus facilitates vestibular compensation.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Denervation; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Functional Laterality; Gene Expression Regulation; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Postural Balance; Protein Binding; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid; Recovery of Function; RNA, Messenger; Transcription Factor AP-1; Up-Regulation; Vestibular Diseases; Vestibular Nuclei | 2006 |
Dopamine D1 receptors have subcellular distributions conducive to interactions with prodynorphin in the rat nucleus accumbens shell.
Topics: Animals; Axons; Blotting, Western; Dendrites; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Transfection | 2006 |
Increases in preproenkephalin mRNA levels in the Syrian hamster: the influence of glucocorticoids is dependent on age and tissue.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Corpus Striatum; Cricetinae; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Glucocorticoids; Hormone Antagonists; Hypophysectomy; Male; Metyrapone; Mifepristone; Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger | 2006 |
Downstream regulatory element antagonistic modulator regulates islet prodynorphin expression.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Calcium; Cell Line; Cell Nucleus; DNA; Dynorphins; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucagon; Glucagon-Secreting Cells; Glucose; Humans; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Islets of Langerhans; Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Naltrexone; Protein Binding; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Repressor Proteins | 2006 |
CB1 knockout mice display significant changes in striatal opioid peptide and D4 dopamine receptor gene expression.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Opioid Peptides; Piperidines; Protein Precursors; Pyrazoles; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Dopamine D4; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rimonabant; RNA, Messenger | 2006 |
Genetically engineered human mesenchymal stem cells produce met-enkephalin at augmented higher levels in vitro.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; DNA; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Fusion; Genetic Engineering; Genetic Vectors; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Pain; Protein Precursors; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Transfection | 2006 |
Huntingtin inclusions do not down-regulate specific genes in the R6/2 Huntington's disease mouse.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Huntingtin Protein; Huntington Disease; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Nuclear Proteins; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Somatostatin | 2006 |
Adolescent cannabis exposure alters opiate intake and opioid limbic neuronal populations in adult rats.
Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Benzoxazines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dronabinol; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Heroin; In Situ Hybridization; Limbic System; Male; Morpholines; Naphthalenes; Neurons; Piperidines; Protein Precursors; Pyrazoles; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Reinforcement, Psychology; Rimonabant; Self Administration; Sulfur Isotopes; Tritium | 2007 |
Alterations in prodynorphin gene expression and dynorphin levels in different brain regions after chronic administration of 14-methoxymetopon and oxycodone-6-oxime.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Brain; Drug Tolerance; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Morphine Derivatives; Narcotics; Oxycodone; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors | 2006 |
Variations in respiratory distress characterize the acute agonal period during heroin overdose death: relevance to postmortem mRNA studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Autopsy; Brain Chemistry; Central Nervous System Depressants; Drug Overdose; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Female; Heroin; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; RNA, Messenger; Suicide | 2006 |
Critical role of preproenkephalin in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Central Nervous System; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Enkephalins; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Glycoproteins; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-4; Lymphocyte Activation; Mice; Mice, Mutant Strains; Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Th1 Cells; Th2 Cells; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2006 |
Coexpression of dynorphin and neurokinin B immunoreactivity in the rat hypothalamus: Morphologic evidence of interrelated function within the arcuate nucleus.
Topics: Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Cell Count; Enkephalins; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Neural Pathways; Neurokinin B; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Tachykinin; Tissue Distribution | 2006 |
Association of the kappa-opioid system with alcohol dependence.
Topics: Alcoholism; Enkephalins; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Haplotypes; Humans; Linkage Disequilibrium; Pedigree; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Risk Factors; White People | 2006 |
Striatal opioid peptide gene expression differentially tracks short-term satiety but does not vary with negative energy balance in a manner opposite to hypothalamic NPY.
Topics: Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Blotting, Northern; Energy Metabolism; Enkephalins; Food Deprivation; Gene Expression; Hunger; Hypothalamus; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Motivation; Neostriatum; Neuropeptide Y; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Satiety Response | 2007 |
Lipopolysaccharide induces preproenkephalin transcription in hypophysiotropic neurons of the rat paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus suggesting a neuroendocrine role for enkephalins during immune stress.
Topics: Animals; Cell Count; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Neurons; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Stilbamidines | 2006 |
Enhanced preproenkephalin-B-derived opioid transmission in striatum and subthalamic nucleus converges upon globus pallidus internalis in L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-induced dyskinesia.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Corpus Striatum; Drug Interactions; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; In Situ Hybridization; Levodopa; Macaca fascicularis; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, Opioid; Regression Analysis; RNA, Messenger; Subthalamic Nucleus | 2007 |
Prodynorphin storage and processing in axon terminals and dendrites.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Dendrites; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; Male; Membrane Potentials; Microscopy, Electron; Neurons; Presynaptic Terminals; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tissue Distribution | 2006 |
Preproenkephalin hypermethylation in the pure pancreatic juice compared with p53 mutation in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; DNA Methylation; DNA Mutational Analysis; Enkephalins; Female; Genes, p53; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatitis, Chronic; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; Protein Precursors | 2006 |
Expression of proopiomelanocortin, proenkephalin and prodynorphin genes in porcine theca and granulosa cells.
Topics: Animals; Culture Media; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Gonadotropins; Granulosa Cells; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Swine; Theca Cells | 2007 |
Role of serotonin in the regulation of the dynorphinergic system by a kappa-opioid agonist and cocaine treatment in rat CNS.
Topics: Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Blotting, Northern; Central Nervous System; Cocaine; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Fluoxetine; Hippocampus; Hypothalamus; Male; Neostriatum; Protein Precursors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA Probes; RNA, Messenger; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Serotonin | 2007 |
Colocalization of CART peptide with prodynorphin and dopamine D1 receptors in the rat nucleus accumbens.
Topics: Animals; Cocaine; Enkephalins; Male; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Models, Biological; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Nucleus Accumbens; Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Substance-Related Disorders | 2006 |
Organization of endogenous opioids in the rostral agranular insular cortex of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Axons; Cerebral Cortex; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Interneurons; Male; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Oligopeptides; Opioid Peptides; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2007 |
Role of mu-opioid receptor in modulation of preproenkephalin mRNA expression and opioid and dopamine receptor binding in methamphetamine-sensitized mice.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Methamphetamine; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Models, Animal; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger | 2007 |
Steroid control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion: associated changes in pro-opiomelanocortin and preproenkephalin messenger RNA expression in the ovine hypothalamus.
Topics: Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Hypothalamus; Luteal Phase; Ovariectomy; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Progesterone; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Sheep, Domestic; Steroids | 2007 |
Sexually dimorphic gene regulation in brain as a target for endocrine disrupters: developmental exposure of rats to 4-methylbenzylidene camphor.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain Chemistry; Camphor; Endocrine Disruptors; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, src; Litter Size; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Orchiectomy; Organ Size; Ovariectomy; Preoptic Area; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Sex Characteristics; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | 2007 |
K-ras mutation and p16 and preproenkephalin promoter hypermethylation in plasma DNA of pancreatic cancer patients: in relation to cigarette smoking.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; DNA Methylation; Enkephalins; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genes, p16; Genes, ras; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Smoking | 2007 |
Alterations in prodynorphin, proenkephalin, and GAD67 mRNA levels in the aged human putamen: correlation with Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Postmortem Changes; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger | 2007 |
Unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of dopamine neurons and subchronic L-DOPA administration in the adult rat alters the expression of the vesicular GABA transporter in different subsets of striatal neurons and in the substantia nigra, pars reticulata.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Down-Regulation; Drug Administration Schedule; Enkephalins; Functional Laterality; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation; Levodopa; Male; Neurons; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Synaptic Transmission; Up-Regulation; Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transport Proteins | 2007 |
Effect of antisense FosB and CREB on the expression of prodynorphin gene in rats with levodopa-induced dyskinesias.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; Levodopa; Neurons; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Parkinson Disease; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 2006 |
The influence of group III metabotropic glutamate receptor stimulation by (1S,3R,4S)-1-aminocyclo-pentane-1,3,4-tricarboxylic acid on the parkinsonian-like akinesia and striatal proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNA expression in rats.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Cyclopentanes; Dopamine Antagonists; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Haloperidol; Male; Neural Pathways; Opioid Peptides; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Synaptic Transmission; Tricarboxylic Acids; Up-Regulation | 2007 |
Xendorphin B1, a novel opioid-like peptide determined from a Xenopus laevis brain cDNA library, produces opioid antinociception after spinal administration in amphibians.
Topics: Amphibians; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Gene Library; Neuropeptides; Nociceptors; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Pain Threshold; Peptide Hormones; Protein Precursors; Rana pipiens; Spinal Cord; Xenopus laevis; Xenopus Proteins | 2007 |
Dynorphin peptides differentially regulate the human kappa opioid receptor.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Blotting, Western; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Down-Regulation; Dynorphins; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Flow Cytometry; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Humans; Ligands; Peptides; Protease Inhibitors; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa | 2007 |
Endogenous dynorphin in epileptogenesis and epilepsy: anticonvulsant net effect via kappa opioid receptors.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Benzamides; Cell Count; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Guanidines; Hippocampus; Kindling, Neurologic; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Morphinans; Naltrexone; Nerve Degeneration; Piperazines; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors | 2007 |
Preproenkephalin knockout mice show no depression-related phenotype.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Disulfides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hindlimb Suspension; Immobility Response, Tonic; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice, Knockout; Motor Activity; Nialamide; Phenotype; Phenylalanine; Protein Precursors; Swimming; Vocalization, Animal | 2007 |
Effects of prolonged treatment with the opiate tramadol on prodynorphin gene expression in rat CNS.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Hypothalamus; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Morphine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; RNA; RNA, Messenger; Tramadol | 2006 |
Creating prodynorphin-expressing stem cells alerted for a high-throughput of cardiogenic commitment.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cloning, Molecular; Embryonic Stem Cells; Enkephalins; GATA4 Transcription Factor; Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5; Homeodomain Proteins; Mice; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Myocytes, Cardiac; Protein Kinase C; Protein Precursors; Transcription Factors | 2007 |
Mild postnatal manipulation reduces proenkephalin mRNA in the striatum in developing mice and increases morphine conditioned place preference in adulthood.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anxiety; Brain Chemistry; Conditioning, Operant; Enkephalins; Female; In Situ Hybridization; Mice; Morphine; Motor Activity; Neostriatum; Nucleus Accumbens; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Reaction Time; RNA, Messenger | 2007 |
Chronic 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine treatment induces dyskinesia in aphakia mice, a novel genetic model of Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Aphakia; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dynorphins; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Levodopa; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Neurologic Mutants; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Substantia Nigra | 2007 |
Glutamate receptor abnormalities in the YAC128 transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Blotting, Western; Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast; Enkephalins; Humans; Huntington Disease; In Situ Hybridization; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Protein Precursors; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, GABA; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Purinergic P1; RNA, Messenger; Subcellular Fractions | 2007 |
Prodynorphin gene promoter repeat associated with cocaine/alcohol codependence.
Topics: Alcoholism; Alleles; Base Pairing; Black People; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Comorbidity; DNA; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Tandem Repeat Sequences; White People | 2007 |
In vitro assays fail to predict in vivo effects of regulatory polymorphisms.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Allelic Imbalance; Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Genes, Reporter; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Humans; Male; Monoamine Oxidase; Neuropeptide Y; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Polymorphism, Genetic; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors | 2007 |
Gender differences in prodynorphin but not proenkephalin mRNA expression in the striatum of adolescent rats exposed to prenatal cocaine.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cocaine; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Male; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Sex Characteristics | 2007 |
Increased spinal dynorphin contributes to chronic nicotine-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Cold Temperature; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Immunochemistry; Immunohistochemistry; Injections, Spinal; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Physical Stimulation; Pressure; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord | 2007 |
Cotreatment with the kappa opioid agonist U69593 enhances locomotor sensitization to the D2/D3 dopamine agonist quinpirole and alters dopamine D2 receptor and prodynorphin mRNA expression in rats.
Topics: Analgesics; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Autoradiography; Basal Ganglia; Benzeneacetamides; Dopamine Agonists; Dopamine Antagonists; Drug Synergism; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Injections; Male; Motor Activity; Protein Precursors; Pyrrolidines; Quinpirole; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger; Sulfur Isotopes; Time Factors | 2007 |
A tarantula peptide against pain via ASIC1a channels and opioid mechanisms.
Topics: Acid Sensing Ion Channels; Analgesics; Animals; Area Under Curve; Behavior, Animal; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Pain; Pain Measurement; Peptides; Protein Precursors; Reaction Time; Sodium Channels; Spider Venoms; Spinal Cord; Time Factors | 2007 |
Coexpression of prodynorphin and corticotrophin-releasing hormone in the rat central amygdala: evidence of two distinct endogenous opioid systems in the lateral division.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Cell Count; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Enkephalins; Male; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Septal Nuclei | 2007 |
Tamoxifen protects male mice nigrostriatal dopamine against methamphetamine-induced toxicity.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Male; Methamphetamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Protein Precursors; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Substantia Nigra; Tamoxifen; Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins | 2007 |
Changes in the prodynorphin gene and DARPP-32 state in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats following long-term treatment with l-dopa.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Brain Chemistry; Dopamine; Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32; Drug Administration Schedule; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Levodopa; Male; Neural Pathways; Neurotoxins; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Phosphorylation; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Threonine; Time | 2007 |
Use of preproenkephalin knockout mice and selective inhibitors of enkephalinases to investigate the role of enkephalins in various behaviours.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; CD13 Antigens; Disulfides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Injections, Intravenous; Mice; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Neprilysin; Phenylalanine; Protein Precursors; Swimming | 2008 |
Role of sex steroids in modulating tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced changes in vascular function and blood pressure.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Blood Pressure; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Estrogens; Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Hypertension; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nitroprusside; Ovariectomy; Progesterone; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vascular Diseases; Vasodilator Agents | 2007 |
Construction and identification of immortalized rat astrocyte cell line expressing enkephalin.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Astrocytes; Cell Line, Transformed; Chronic Disease; Doxycycline; Enkephalins; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pain Management; Protein Precursors; Rats; Retroviridae | 2007 |
Involvement of spinal Met-enkephalin in nicotine-induced antinociception in mice.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Male; Mecamylamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Posterior Horn Cells; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger | 2008 |
The dysphoric component of stress is encoded by activation of the dynorphin kappa-opioid system.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Conditioning, Operant; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Odorants; Phosphorylation; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Stress, Physiological; Swimming; Urocortins | 2008 |
Opioid neuropeptide genotypes in relation to heroin abuse: dopamine tone contributes to reversed mesolimbic proenkephalin expression.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Autopsy; Brain; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Heroin; Humans; Male; Neuropeptides; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Substance-Related Disorders; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2008 |
Expression of proopiomelanocortin, proenkephalin and prodynorphin genes in porcine luteal cells.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Corpus Luteum; Culture Media; Enkephalins; Estrous Cycle; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Progesterone; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Swine | 2007 |
Control of hormonal stress reactivity by the endogenous opioid system.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Amygdala; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anxiety; beta-Endorphin; Corticosterone; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Exploratory Behavior; Hypothermia; Limbic System; Male; Maze Learning; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Opioid Peptides; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Reflex, Startle; Stress, Psychological; Time Factors | 2008 |
Enkephalin-encoding herpes simplex virus-1 decreases inflammation and hotplate sensitivity in a chronic pancreatitis model.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; DNA, Complementary; Enkephalins; Genetic Vectors; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Inflammation; Male; Models, Animal; Pancreatitis, Chronic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Spinal Cord; Time Factors | 2008 |
The effect of testosterone and season on prodynorphin messenger RNA expression in the preoptic area-hypothalamus of the ram.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hormones; Hypothalamus; Male; Preoptic Area; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Seasons; Sheep; Testosterone; Tissue Distribution | 2008 |
Analysis of LGI1 promoter sequence, PDYN and GABBR1 polymorphisms in sporadic and familial lateral temporal lobe epilepsy.
Topics: Base Sequence; Enkephalins; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Mutation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Proteins; Receptors, GABA-B | 2008 |
Dynorphin and prodynorphin mRNA changes in the striatum during nicotine withdrawal.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain Mapping; Corpus Striatum; Drug Administration Schedule; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Mice; Nicotine; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors | 2008 |
Enkephalin elevations contribute to neuronal and behavioral impairments in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dentate Gyrus; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Entorhinal Cortex; Female; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Up-Regulation | 2008 |
Noradrenergic and opioidergic alterations in neuropathy in different rat strains.
Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Denervation; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; Gene Expression Regulation; Hyperalgesia; Ligation; Male; Neurons, Afferent; Norepinephrine; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Peripheral Nerves; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Inbred Lew; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Species Specificity; Spinal Cord; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2008 |
Stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking is mediated by the kappa opioid system.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Conditioning, Operant; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Extinction, Psychological; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Stress, Psychological; Swimming | 2008 |
[Periaqueductal gray administration of HSV-I amplicon vector-mediated HPPE gene therapy of nocicepion in rats with formalin-induced pain].
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Formaldehyde; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Male; Microinjections; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Management; Periaqueductal Gray; Protein Precursors; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2008 |
Adenylyl cyclase-5 activity in the nucleus accumbens regulates anxiety-related behavior.
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Anxiety Disorders; Benzazepines; Cholecystokinin; Dopamine; Dopamine Agonists; Dopamine Antagonists; Down-Regulation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Isoenzymes; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Narcotic Antagonists; Nucleus Accumbens; Phenanthridines; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Small Interfering; Sincalide; Up-Regulation | 2008 |
Entacapone potentiates the long-duration response but does not normalize levodopa-induced molecular changes.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Apomorphine; Brain; Catechols; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Electron Transport Complex IV; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Levodopa; Male; Motor Activity; Nitriles; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D3; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Subthalamus | 2008 |
Oral creatine supplementation attenuates L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Creatine; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Energy Metabolism; Enkephalins; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Levodopa; Neostriatum; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Phosphocreatine; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Statistics, Nonparametric | 2009 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA is expressed in a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in the spinal dorsal horn of the GAD67-GFP knock-in mouse.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Pain; Posterior Horn Cells; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 2008 |
Prodynorphin-derived peptides are critical modulators of anxiety and regulate neurochemistry and corticosterone.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Amygdala; Animals; Anxiety; Brain Stem; Corticosterone; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Exploratory Behavior; Female; Guanidines; Hypothalamus; Male; Maze Learning; Mesencephalon; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Morphinans; Naltrexone; Neuropeptide Y; Neuropeptides; Protein Precursors; Raphe Nuclei; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Stress, Psychological | 2009 |
Acute nicotine changes dynorphin and prodynorphin mRNA in the striatum.
Topics: Animals; Caudate Nucleus; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors | 2009 |
Differential regulation of morphine antinociceptive effects by endogenous enkephalinergic system in the forebrain of mice.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Pain; Pain Threshold; Prosencephalon; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 2008 |
A functional haplotype implicated in vulnerability to develop cocaine dependence is associated with reduced PDYN expression in human brain.
Topics: Alcohol-Related Disorders; Black or African American; Brain; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Haplotypes; Humans; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; White People | 2009 |
Prodynorphin gene disruption increases the sensitivity to nicotine self-administration in mice.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Addictive; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Protein Precursors; Self Administration | 2009 |
Antagonizing L-type Ca2+ channel reduces development of abnormal involuntary movement in the rat model of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-induced dyskinesia.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Cerebrum; Dendritic Spines; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Isradipine; Levodopa; Male; Motor Activity; Nimodipine; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Sympatholytics | 2009 |
Binding studies of novel, non-mammalian enkephalins, structures predicted from frog and lungfish brain cDNA sequences.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anura; Base Sequence; Brain; DNA, Complementary; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Fishes; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Opioid Peptides; Protein Binding; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Tritium | 2009 |
Implanted reuptake-deficient or wild-type dopaminergic neurons improve ON L-dopa dyskinesias without OFF-dyskinesias in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; Fetal Tissue Transplantation; Gene Expression Regulation; Graft Survival; Levodopa; Mesencephalon; Microdialysis; Neurons; Parkinson Disease; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger | 2008 |
Paucity of enkephalin production in neostriatal striosomal neurons: analysis with preproenkephalin-green fluorescent protein transgenic mice.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Male; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Neostriatum; Neurons; Neuropil; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Synapses | 2008 |
Dynamic of migration of HSV-1 from a medullary pronociceptive centre: antinociception by overexpression of the preproenkephalin transgene.
Topics: Animals; Axonal Transport; Brain; Cytomegalovirus; Enkephalins; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Humans; Lac Operon; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neural Pathways; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Rats; Reaction Time; Reticular Formation; Transgenes; Treatment Outcome | 2008 |
Candidate genes for temporal lobe epilepsy: a replication study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Apolipoproteins E; Case-Control Studies; Child; Cohort Studies; DNA Mutational Analysis; Enkephalins; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Gene Frequency; Genetic Markers; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Testing; Genotype; Humans; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Interleukin-1alpha; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukins; Polymorphism, Genetic; Protein Precursors | 2008 |
Effect of methamphetamine neurotoxicity on learning-induced Arc mRNA expression in identified striatal efferent neurons.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Genes, Immediate-Early; Male; Maze Learning; Methamphetamine; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons, Efferent; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reversal Learning; RNA, Messenger | 2008 |
[Analgesic effect of intrathecal injection of Herpes simplex virus type I amplicon vector-mediated human preproenkephalin gene on chronic neuropathic pain: experiment with rats].
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; DNA, Viral; Enkephalins; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Neuralgia; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sciatic Nerve; Spinal Cord; Treatment Outcome | 2008 |
Changes in prodynorphin gene expression and neuronal morphology in the hypothalamus of postmenopausal women.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Autoradiography; Cell Shape; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Hypothalamus; Middle Aged; Neurons; Postmenopause; Protein Precursors; Young Adult | 2008 |
Alterations of prodynorphin gene expression in the rat mesocorticolimbic system during heroin self-administration.
Topics: Amygdala; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Conditioning, Operant; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Extinction, Psychological; Gene Expression; Heroin; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reinforcement Schedule; RNA, Messenger; Self Administration; Time Factors | 2009 |
Effect of estradiol on striatal dopamine activity of female hemiparkinsonian monkeys.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Autoradiography; Biogenic Amines; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Estrogens; Female; In Situ Hybridization; Iodine Radioisotopes; Macaca fascicularis; Ovariectomy; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger | 2009 |
Differential regulation of prodynophin, c-fos, and serotonin transporter mRNA following withdrawal from a chronic, escalating dose regimen of D-amphetamine.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Brain Mapping; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2009 |
Dopamine D3 receptor stimulation underlies the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in animal models of Parkinson's disease.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Benzopyrans; Callithrix; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32; Dopamine Antagonists; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; Levodopa; Male; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Pyrroles; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Dopamine D3; RNA, Messenger | 2009 |
Striatal alterations of secretogranin-1, somatostatin, prodynorphin, and cholecystokinin peptides in an experimental mouse model of Parkinson disease.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cholecystokinin; Chromogranin B; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Neostriatum; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease; Peptides; Postmortem Changes; Protein Precursors; Reproducibility of Results; Somatostatin; Tissue Extracts; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2009 |
Can we identify genes for alcohol consumption in samples ascertained for heterogeneous purposes?
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alcohol Drinking; Angiotensinogen; Australia; Data Collection; Enkephalins; Female; Genetic Heterogeneity; Genetic Linkage; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Young Adult | 2009 |
The expression of genes coding for opioid precursors, opioid receptors, beta-LH subunit and GnRH receptor in the anterior pituitary of cyclic gilts.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Estrous Cycle; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Luteinizing Hormone, beta Subunit; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, LHRH; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Swine | 2008 |
The role of calsenilin/DREAM/KChIP3 in contextual fear conditioning.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cell Nucleolus; Conditioning, Classical; Cues; Enkephalins; Exploratory Behavior; Fear; Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Immunoprecipitation; Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins; Male; Maze Learning; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Motor Activity; Protein Precursors; Repressor Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Rotarod Performance Test; Sensory Thresholds; Shal Potassium Channels; Time Factors | 2009 |
X chromosome number causes sex differences in gene expression in adult mouse striatum.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Autoradiography; Castration; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; In Situ Hybridization; Karyotyping; Male; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Photomicrography; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Sex Characteristics; Sex Chromosome Aberrations; Tachykinins; X Chromosome | 2009 |
An association of prodynorphin polymorphisms and opioid dependence in females in a Chinese population.
Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; Adult; Alleles; China; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Haplotypes; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Linkage Disequilibrium; Male; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Sex Factors | 2009 |
Endogenous kappa opioid activation mediates stress-induced deficits in learning and memory.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Immobility Response, Tonic; Learning Disabilities; Male; Memory Disorders; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Motor Activity; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Recognition, Psychology; Stress, Psychological; Swimming; Time Factors | 2009 |
Dynamic up-regulation of prodynorphin transcription in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carbon Isotopes; Child; Child, Preschool; Dentate Gyrus; Diprenorphine; Enkephalins; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Genotype; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Postmortem Changes; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Up-Regulation; Young Adult | 2009 |
Gene polymorphisms in prodynorphin (PDYN) are associated with episodic memory in the elderly.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; DNA Mutational Analysis; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Markers; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Testing; Genotype; Heterozygote; Humans; Male; Memory; Memory Disorders; Minisatellite Repeats; Neuropsychological Tests; Polymorphism, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Verbal Behavior | 2009 |
Effects of neonatal stress and morphine on kappa opioid receptor signaling.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; Gene Silencing; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Gliosis; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Oxidative Stress; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Signal Transduction | 2009 |
Analysis of the prodynorphin promoter polymorphism in atopic dermatitis and disease-related pruritus.
Topics: Adult; Dermatitis, Atopic; Down-Regulation; Enkephalins; Female; Genotype; Humans; Male; Polymorphism, Genetic; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Pruritus; Recurrence | 2009 |
Effects of prodynorphin deletion on striatal dopamine in mice during normal aging and in response to MPTP.
Topics: Aging; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Neural Pathways; Parkinsonian Disorders; Phosphorylation; Protein Precursors; Serine; Substantia Nigra; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; Up-Regulation | 2009 |
Adolescent exposure to chronic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol blocks opiate dependence in maternally deprived rats.
Topics: Aging; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Brain; Conditioning, Classical; Dronabinol; Enkephalins; Male; Maternal Deprivation; Morphine; Opioid-Related Disorders; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Self Administration; Space Perception; Time Factors | 2009 |
Prodynorphin gene deficiency potentiates nalbuphine-induced behavioral sensitization and withdrawal syndrome in mice.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Area Under Curve; Blotting, Western; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Genes, fos; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microdialysis; Motor Activity; Nalbuphine; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2009 |
Effect of non-dopaminergic drug treatment on Levodopa induced dyskinesias in MPTP monkeys: common implication of striatal neuropeptides.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Benzoxazoles; Cocaine; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Dopamine; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Dynorphins; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; Iodine Isotopes; Levodopa; Macaca fascicularis; Naltrexone; Neuropeptides; Ovariectomy; Parkinsonian Disorders; Piperidines; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Sulfonamides; Tachykinins; Thiazoles; Time Factors | 2010 |
Effects of early vs. late initiation of levodopa treatment in hemiparkinsonian rats.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Dynorphins; Dyskinesias; Electron Transport Complex IV; Enkephalins; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Levodopa; Male; Neurons; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Subthalamic Nucleus | 2009 |
Selective deletion of PTEN in dopamine neurons leads to trophic effects and adaptation of striatal medium spiny projecting neurons.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Gene Deletion; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Models, Biological; Neurons; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; PTEN Phosphohydrolase; Receptors, Dopamine D2 | 2009 |
Nandrolone decanoate administration elevates hippocampal prodynorphin mRNA expression and impairs Morris water maze performance in male rats.
Topics: Anabolic Agents; Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Learning Disabilities; Male; Maze Learning; Nandrolone; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Transcriptional Activation | 2009 |
Dehydration-induced modulation of kappa-opioid inhibition of vasopressin neurone activity.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Cholecystokinin; Dehydration; Electrophysiology; Enkephalins; Female; Hypernatremia; Hyponatremia; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Neurons; Oxytocin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger; Vasopressins | 2009 |
Multiple Functional Variants in cis Modulate PDYN Expression.
Topics: Alleles; Binding Sites; Cell Line, Tumor; Enkephalins; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Humans; Polymorphism, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | 2010 |
Minocycline reduces the injury-induced expression of prodynorphin and pronociceptin in the dorsal root ganglion in a rat model of neuropathic pain.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Minocycline; Neuroimmunomodulation; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid; RNA, Messenger; Sciatic Neuropathy; Spinal Cord | 2010 |
Forebrain PENK and PDYN gene expression levels in three inbred strains of mice and their relationship to genotype-dependent morphine reward sensitivity.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Addictive; Behavior, Animal; Conditioning, Psychological; Cues; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genotype; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Morphine Dependence; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nucleus Accumbens; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reward; RNA, Messenger; Species Specificity | 2010 |
Missense mutations in IHH impair Indian Hedgehog signaling in C3H10T1/2 cells: Implications for brachydactyly type A1, and new targets for Hedgehog signaling.
Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Animals; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Cell Line; Chondrocytes; Enkephalins; Hedgehog Proteins; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Mice; Microarray Analysis; Mutation, Missense; Patched Receptors; Patched-1 Receptor; Peptide Hormones; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Cell Surface; Recombinant Proteins; Signal Transduction; Zinc Finger Protein GLI1 | 2010 |
Direct evidence for the ongoing brain activation by enhanced dynorphinergic system in the spinal cord under inflammatory noxious stimuli.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Freund's Adjuvant; Immunohistochemistry; Inflammation; Injections, Spinal; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Pain; Protein Precursors; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission | 2010 |
Preproenkephalin (Penk) is expressed in differentiated osteoblasts, and its deletion in Hyp mice partially rescues their bone mineralization defect.
Topics: Animals; Bone Demineralization, Pathologic; Calcification, Physiologic; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Epistasis, Genetic; Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets; Female; Gene Deletion; Gene Expression; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked; Male; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Osteoblasts; PHEX Phosphate Regulating Neutral Endopeptidase; Protein Precursors | 2010 |
Methamphetamine-induced stereotypy correlates negatively with patch-enhanced prodynorphin and arc mRNA expression in the rat caudate putamen: the role of mu opioid receptor activation.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Early Growth Response Protein 1; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Immediate-Early; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Methamphetamine; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Severity of Illness Index; Somatostatin; Stereotypic Movement Disorder; Time Factors | 2010 |
Neurochemical properties of enkephalinergic neurons in lumbar spinal dorsal horn revealed by preproenkephalin-green fluorescent protein transgenic mice.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cell Count; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Lumbosacral Region; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurochemistry; Posterior Horn Cells; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 2010 |
Dynorphin expression, processing and receptors in the alveolar macrophages, cancer cells and bronchial epithelium of lung cancer patients.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bronchi; Carboxypeptidase H; Carcinoma; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lung Neoplasms; Macrophages, Alveolar; Male; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Proprotein Convertase 1; Proprotein Convertase 2; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Respiratory Mucosa | 2010 |
Gene therapy for bladder overactivity and nociception with herpes simplex virus vectors expressing preproenkephalin.
Topics: Animals; Cystitis, Interstitial; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Female; Ganglia, Spinal; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Neurons, Afferent; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Simplexvirus; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Bladder | 2009 |
Electroacupuncture enhances preproenkephalin mRNA expression in rostral ventrolateral medulla of rats.
Topics: Animals; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalins; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 2010 |
Endogenous kappa-opioid mediation of stress-induced potentiation of ethanol-conditioned place preference and self-administration.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Conditioning, Psychological; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Naltrexone; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reward; Self Administration; Signal Transduction; Stress, Physiological | 2010 |
Anxiety- and depressive-like responses and c-fos activity in preproenkephalin knockout mice: oversensitivity hypothesis of enkephalin deficit-induced posttraumatic stress disorder.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Electroshock; Enkephalins; Male; Maze Learning; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Models, Biological; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Tissue Distribution | 2010 |
Pre-treatment with dopamine agonists influence L-dopa mediated rotations without affecting abnormal involuntary movements in the 6-OHDA lesioned rat.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Bromocriptine; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Agonists; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; Indoles; Levodopa; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Piribedil; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Rotation; Time Factors | 2010 |
Induction of FosB/DeltaFosB in the brain stress system-related structures during morphine dependence and withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stress, Physiological; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2010 |
Calcium-permeable AMPA receptors are involved in the induction and expression of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Adamantane; Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Behavior, Animal; Benserazide; Brain; Calcium; Callithrix; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Levodopa; Male; Motor Activity; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA | 2010 |
Influence of age and 17beta-estradiol on kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and prodynorphin gene expression in the arcuate-median eminence of female rhesus macaques.
Topics: Age Factors; Aging; Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; Gene Expression; Genes, Tumor Suppressor; Macaca mulatta; Median Eminence; Neurokinin B; Ovariectomy; Protein Precursors; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Time Factors | 2010 |
Prodynorphin gene deletion increased anxiety-like behaviours, impaired the anxiolytic effect of bromazepam and altered GABAA receptor subunits gene expression in the amygdala.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Bromazepam; Enkephalins; Exploratory Behavior; Gene Expression; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Motor Activity; Protein Precursors; Receptors, GABA-A; Stress, Physiological | 2011 |
Preproenkephalin expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of acutely underweight and recovered patients with anorexia nervosa.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anorexia Nervosa; Anxiety; Basal Metabolism; Depression; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Leptin; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Protein Precursors; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Severity of Illness Index; Stress, Psychological; Thinness | 2010 |
Interactive comorbidity between opioid drug abuse and HIV-1 Tat: chronic exposure augments spine loss and sublethal dendritic pathology in striatal neurons.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Dendritic Spines; Enkephalins; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Morphine; Narcotics; Neurons; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 2010 |
Neuropeptide coding of sympathetic preganglionic neurons; focus on adrenally projecting populations.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; Male; Neuropeptides; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sensory Receptor Cells; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2010 |
Lack of a rewarding effect and a locomotor-enhancing effect of the selective μ-opioid receptor agonist amidino-TAPA.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Enkephalins; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Motor Activity; Oligopeptides; Pain; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reward; Time Factors | 2010 |
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is an upstream regulator of prodynorphin mRNA expression in neurons.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Enkephalins; Neurons; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Time Factors; Up-Regulation | 2010 |
Cell-specific effects of variants of the 68-base pair tandem repeat on prodynorphin gene promoter activity.
Topics: Alcoholism; Alleles; Base Pairing; Cell Line; Cloning, Molecular; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Enkephalins; Genetic Variation; Genotype; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Tandem Repeat Sequences; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection | 2011 |
Tissue-specific DNA methylation of the human prodynorphin gene in post-mortem brain tissues and PBMCs.
Topics: Brain; CpG Islands; DNA Methylation; Enkephalins; Epigenomics; Humans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger | 2011 |
Deletion of adenosine A₁ or A(₂A) receptors reduces L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-induced dyskinesia in a model of Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Adrenergic Agents; Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Caffeine; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dynorphins; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Levodopa; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease; Protein Precursors; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; Receptor, Adenosine A1; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; RNA, Messenger; Statistics, Nonparametric; Time Factors | 2011 |
Agonist-induced internalization of κ-opioid receptors in noradrenergic neurons of the rat locus coeruleus.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Endocytosis; Enkephalins; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Microscopy, Immunoelectron; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, kappa | 2010 |
Medial dorsal hypothalamus mediates the inhibition of reward seeking after extinction.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Cell Count; Conditioning, Operant; Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Extinction, Psychological; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunohistochemistry; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Nerve Net; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons, Afferent; Neurons, Efferent; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reward | 2010 |
Increased spinal prodynorphin gene expression in reinflammation-associated hyperalgesia after neonatal inflammatory insult.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Hindlimb; Hot Temperature; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Physical Stimulation; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord; Up-Regulation | 2010 |
Neurochemical features of enkephalinergic neurons in the mouse trigeminal subnucleus caudalis.
Topics: Animals; Calbindin 2; Calbindins; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Neurons; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Parvalbumins; Protein Precursors; Receptors, GABA; RNA, Messenger; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; Stilbamidines; Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus | 2011 |
Prodynorphin mutations cause the neurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 23.
Topics: Cerebellum; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Humans; Male; Mutation, Missense; Pedigree; Protein Precursors; Purkinje Cells; Spinocerebellar Degenerations | 2010 |
Ethanol and acetaldehyde exposure induces specific epigenetic modifications in the prodynorphin gene promoter in a human neuroblastoma cell line.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Cell Line, Tumor; Central Nervous System Depressants; Chromatin; DNA Methylation; Enkephalins; Epigenomics; Ethanol; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Neuroblastoma; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors | 2011 |
The effect of botulinum neurotoxin A on sciatic nerve injury-induced neuroimmunological changes in rat dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord.
Topics: Animals; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; Male; Neuralgia; Neuroimmunomodulation; Neurotoxins; Posterior Horn Cells; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sciatic Neuropathy; Up-Regulation | 2011 |
Expression pattern of enkephalinergic neurons in the developing spinal cord revealed by preproenkephalin-green fluorescent protein transgenic mouse and its colocalization with GABA immunoreactivity.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Protein Transport; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Staining and Labeling | 2011 |
Regulation of opioid gene expression in the rat brainstem by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): role of serotonin and involvement of CREB and ERK cascade.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Brain Stem; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Enkephalins; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Nociceptin; Opioid Peptides; Phosphorylation; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Serotonin; Serotonin Antagonists; Signal Transduction | 2011 |
Increases in mRNA and DREAM protein expression in the rat spinal cord after formalin induced pain.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Formaldehyde; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins; Male; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 2011 |
[Effect of acupotomy lysis on hypothalamic POMC mRNA and PPE mRNA expression in rats with 3rd lumbar vertebrae transverse process syndrome].
Topics: Acupuncture Analgesia; Acupuncture Points; Animals; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Humans; Hypothalamus; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Pain; Pain Management; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord Diseases | 2010 |
Prodynorphin promoter SNP associated with alcohol dependence forms noncanonical AP-1 binding site that may influence gene expression in human brain.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alcoholism; Binding Sites; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genotype; HeLa Cells; Hippocampus; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Prefrontal Cortex; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Transcription Factor AP-1 | 2011 |
Association between heroin dependence and prodynorphin gene polymorphisms.
Topics: Adult; Chi-Square Distribution; Enkephalins; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Minisatellite Repeats; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Precursors | 2011 |
Kappa opioid receptor activation blocks progressive neurodegeneration after kainic acid injection.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; CA1 Region, Hippocampal; Enkephalins; Guanidines; Humans; Interneurons; Kainic Acid; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Morphinans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Protein Precursors; Pyramidal Cells; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Seizures | 2011 |
Different alcohol exposures induce selective alterations on the expression of dynorphin and nociceptin systems related genes in rat brain.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholic Intoxication; Amygdala; Animals; Brain; Central Nervous System Depressants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Gene Expression; Male; Nociceptin; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex, Righting; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2013 |
Prodynorphin CpG-SNPs associated with alcohol dependence: elevated methylation in the brain of human alcoholics.
Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Alleles; CpG Islands; DNA Methylation; Enkephalins; Epigenomics; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Male; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Prefrontal Cortex; Protein Precursors | 2011 |
Expansion of intronic GGCCTG hexanucleotide repeat in NOP56 causes SCA36, a type of spinocerebellar ataxia accompanied by motor neuron involvement.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Cohort Studies; Enkephalins; Female; Haplotypes; Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Introns; Lod Score; Male; MicroRNAs; Middle Aged; Motor Neurons; Mutation, Missense; Nuclear Proteins; Pedigree; Protein Precursors; Spinocerebellar Ataxias | 2011 |
Alcohol dependence, disinhibited behavior and variation in the prodynorphin gene.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Inhibition, Psychological; Male; Middle Aged; Personality; Polymorphism, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Sex Factors | 2011 |
L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia is associated with regional increase of striatal dynorphin peptides as elucidated by imaging mass spectrometry.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Dynorphins; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Levodopa; Mice; Neostriatum; Parkinson Disease; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization | 2011 |
Inhibitory role of inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) in methamphetamine-induced locomotor sensitization.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator; Enkephalins; Locomotion; Methamphetamine; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Protein Precursors; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction | 2011 |
Low-dose naltrexone targets the opioid growth factor-opioid growth factor receptor pathway to inhibit cell proliferation: mechanistic evidence from a tissue culture model.
Topics: Apoptosis; Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Western; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Enkephalins; Humans; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Signal Transduction | 2011 |
Maternal cannabis use alters ventral striatal dopamine D2 gene regulation in the offspring.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Conditioning, Psychological; Dronabinol; Enkephalins; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Fetus; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Humans; Male; Marijuana Abuse; Morphine; Nucleus Accumbens; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Precursors; Radioligand Assay; Radionuclide Imaging; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Reward; Smoking | 2011 |
The endogenous opioid system in human alcoholics: molecular adaptations in brain areas involved in cognitive control of addiction.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Alcoholism; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Addictive; Case-Control Studies; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; Humans; Male; Opioid Peptides; Prefrontal Cortex; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Receptors, Opioid; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reward; RNA, Messenger; Statistics, Nonparametric; Up-Regulation | 2013 |
Increased ethanol intake in prodynorphin knockout mice is associated to changes in opioid receptor function and dopamine transmission.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Autoradiography; Basal Ganglia; Body Temperature; Dopamine; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Gene Expression; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Hypothermia; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; Reflex, Righting; Reinforcement, Psychology; Reward; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; Unconsciousness | 2012 |
Radiofrequency energy loop primes cardiac, neuronal, and skeletal muscle differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells: a new tool for improving tissue regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Cell Differentiation; Down-Regulation; Embryonic Stem Cells; Enkephalins; GATA4 Transcription Factor; Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5; Homeodomain Proteins; Humans; Mice; Muscle, Skeletal; Myocardium; MyoD Protein; Nanog Homeobox Protein; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Octamer Transcription Factor-3; Protein Precursors; Radio Waves; Regeneration; SOXB1 Transcription Factors; Transcription Factors | 2012 |
Imaging mass spectrometry reveals elevated nigral levels of dynorphin neuropeptides in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in rat model of Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Dyskinesias; Enkephalins; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Levodopa; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Parkinson Disease; Protein Precursors; Rats; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization | 2011 |
Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of enkephalinergic neurons in adult and developing retinas of the preproenkephalin-green fluorescent protein transgenic mouse.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Neurons; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Protein Precursors; Qa-SNARE Proteins; Retina; Stilbamidines; Time Factors | 2012 |
The role of endogenous dynorphin in ethanol-induced state-dependent CPP.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Depressants; Conditioning, Operant; Drug Administration Schedule; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Female; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Protein Precursors; Sex Factors; Time Factors | 2012 |
CREB involvement in the regulation of striatal prodynorphin by nicotine.
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Benzazepines; Corpus Striatum; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Mecamylamine; Mice; Nicotine; Phosphorylation; Protein Binding; Protein Precursors; Response Elements; Time Factors; Transcription, Genetic | 2012 |
Activation of mu opioid receptors in the striatum differentially augments methamphetamine-induced gene expression and enhances stereotypic behavior.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Drug Administration Schedule; Early Growth Response Protein 1; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Methamphetamine; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Stereotyped Behavior; Time Factors | 2012 |
Mitragynine attenuates withdrawal syndrome in morphine-withdrawn zebrafish.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Conditioning, Psychological; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Hydrocortisone; Male; Morphine; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; RNA, Messenger; Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids; Spatial Behavior; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Swimming; Zebrafish | 2011 |
Effects of surgery and/or remifentanil administration on the expression of pERK1/2, c-Fos and dynorphin in the dorsal root ganglia in mice.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; Hyperalgesia; Male; Mice; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; Pain, Postoperative; Piperidines; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Remifentanil; RNA, Messenger | 2012 |
Evolution of gnathostome prodynorphin and proenkephalin: characterization of a shark proenkephalin and prodynorphin cDNAs.
Topics: Animals; DNA, Complementary; Enkephalins; Evolution, Molecular; Protein Precursors; Sharks | 2012 |
Mutations in the PDYN gene (SCA23) are not a frequent cause of dominant ataxia in Central Europe.
Topics: Enkephalins; Europe; Humans; Mutation; Protein Precursors; Spinocerebellar Degenerations | 2011 |
Mutations in rare ataxia genes are uncommon causes of sporadic cerebellar ataxia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cerebellar Ataxia; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Databases, Bibliographic; DNA Helicases; Enkephalins; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Testing; Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Lamin Type B; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Multifunctional Enzymes; Mutation; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nuclear Proteins; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; RNA Helicases; Transglutaminases | 2012 |
Association study of genes regulating opioid system in autism.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Autistic Disorder; Child; Croatia; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Male; Mutation; Peptide Hydrolases; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; Young Adult | 2012 |
Acute cocaine treatment increases thimet oligopeptidase in the striatum of rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Cocaine; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Metalloendopeptidases; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger | 2012 |
Prefrontal dopaminergic and enkephalinergic synaptic accommodation in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and encephalitis.
Topics: Adult; AIDS Dementia Complex; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Cognition Disorders; Encephalitis; Enkephalins; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Synapses | 2012 |
Preliminary study analyzing the methylated genes in the plasma of patients with pancreatic cancer.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; C-Reactive Protein; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Carrier Proteins; Cell Line, Tumor; CpG Islands; DNA Methylation; Enkephalins; Female; Genes, p16; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Male; Membrane Proteins; Middle Aged; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatitis, Chronic; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Precursors; Tumor Suppressor Proteins; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase | 2012 |
Genetic association analyses of PDYN polymorphisms with heroin and cocaine addiction.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alleles; Behavior, Addictive; Black or African American; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Linkage Disequilibrium; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Precursors; Sex Factors; White People | 2012 |
Influence of sex and genetic background on anxiety-related and stress-induced behaviour of prodynorphin-deficient mice.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Enkephalins; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Maze Learning; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Models, Genetic; Peptides; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; Stress, Psychological; Swimming | 2012 |
Effects of withdrawal from chronic escalating-dose binge cocaine on conditioned place preference to cocaine and striatal preproenkephalin mRNA in C57BL/6J mice.
Topics: Animals; Association Learning; Behavior, Animal; Cocaine; Conditioning, Operant; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Drug Administration Schedule; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2012 |
Prolonged generalized dystonia after chronic cerebellar application of kainic acid.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cerebellum; Disease Models, Animal; Dystonia; Enkephalins; HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; Kainic Acid; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats | 2012 |
Ethanol induces epigenetic modulation of prodynorphin and pronociceptin gene expression in the rat amygdala complex.
Topics: Acetylation; Amygdala; Animals; Base Sequence; DNA Methylation; Enkephalins; Epigenesis, Genetic; Ethanol; Gene Expression; Histones; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid | 2013 |
Chromatin alterations in response to forced swimming underlie increased prodynorphin transcription.
Topics: Animals; Caudate Nucleus; Chromatin; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Stress, Psychological; Transcription, Genetic | 2012 |
Looking at the trees in the central forest: a new pallidal-striatal cell type.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Globus Pallidus; Neurons; Parvalbumins; Protein Precursors | 2012 |
Dichotomous organization of the external globus pallidus.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Globus Pallidus; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Parvalbumins; Protein Precursors; Rats | 2012 |
Investigating the role of pain-modulating pathway genes in musculoskeletal pain.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anxiety; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Depression; Enkephalins; Female; Genotype; Humans; Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins; Male; Middle Aged; Musculoskeletal Pain; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Repressor Proteins | 2013 |
Brain sources of inhibitory input to the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla.
Topics: Animals; Arabidopsis Proteins; Brain; Cell Count; Cholera Toxin; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Facial Nerve; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Intramolecular Transferases; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2013 |
Repetitive electroacupuncture causes prolonged increased met-enkephalin expression in the rVLM of conscious rats.
Topics: Acupuncture Points; Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Arterial Pressure; Consciousness; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Heart Rate; Medulla Oblongata; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Telemetry; Time Factors | 2012 |
Genotype-dependent consequences of traumatic stress in four inbred mouse strains.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Electroshock; Enkephalins; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Hippocampus; I-kappa B Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; Species Specificity; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Transcription Factors | 2012 |
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 23 is an uncommon SCA subtype in the Chinese Han population.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asian People; Base Sequence; Child; Child, Preschool; China; DNA Mutational Analysis; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Pedigree; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Precursors; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Spinocerebellar Degenerations; Young Adult | 2012 |
Striatal indirect pathway contributes to selection accuracy of learned motor actions.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Biotin; Calbindin 2; Choice Behavior; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Conditioning, Operant; Corpus Striatum; Dextrans; Discrimination, Psychological; Dopaminergic Neurons; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Ibotenic Acid; Immunotoxins; Interneurons; Male; Motivation; Motor Activity; Parvalbumins; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Reaction Time; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Interleukin-2; Reinforcement Schedule; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; Substantia Nigra; Tachykinins; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2012 |
Methylation of ELOVL2 gene as a new epigenetic marker of age.
Topics: Acetyltransferases; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Child; CpG Islands; DNA Methylation; Enkephalins; Epigenesis, Genetic; Fatty Acid Elongases; Female; Fetal Blood; Genetic Markers; Genome, Human; Humans; LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Proteins; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Protein Precursors; Transcription Factors | 2012 |
Association of the PDYN gene with alcohol dependence and the propensity to drink in negative emotional states.
Topics: Alcoholism; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Linkage Disequilibrium; Male; Mood Disorders; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa | 2013 |
The frequency of spinocerebellar ataxia type 23 in a UK population.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Population Surveillance; Prevalence; Protein Precursors; Spinocerebellar Degenerations; United Kingdom | 2013 |
Glucocorticoids regulation of FosB/ΔFosB expression induced by chronic opiate exposure in the brain stress system.
Topics: Adrenalectomy; Amygdala; Animals; Corticosterone; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Morphine; Neurons; Nucleus Accumbens; Opioid-Related Disorders; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Septal Nuclei; Solitary Nucleus | 2012 |
Maternally administered sustained-release naltrexone in rats affects offspring neurochemistry and behaviour in adulthood.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Male; Morphine; Motor Activity; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Neostriatum; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Self Administration | 2012 |
Effects of herpes simplex virus vector-mediated enkephalin gene therapy on bladder overactivity and nociception.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Diterpenes; Enkephalins; Female; Ganglia, Spinal; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Naloxone; Nociception; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Simplexvirus; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder, Overactive; Urinary Catheterization; Virus Replication; Visceral Pain | 2013 |
Hypothalamic κ-opioid receptor modulates the orexigenic effect of ghrelin.
Topics: Agouti-Related Protein; Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Conditioning, Operant; Drug Interactions; Eating; Enkephalins; Gene Silencing; Ghrelin; Infusions, Intraventricular; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Male; Microinjections; Narcotic Antagonists; Neuropeptide Y; Neuropeptides; Orexins; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Ghrelin; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reinforcement Schedule; Signal Transduction; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2013 |
Neurochemical codes of sympathetic preganglionic neurons activated by glucoprivation.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholera Toxin; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Chromaffin Cells; Deoxyglucose; Enkephalins; Epinephrine; Fluorescent Dyes; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Gene Expression Regulation; Hypoglycemia; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord | 2013 |
Mutations in PDYN are not responsible for multiple system atrophy.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple System Atrophy; Mutation; Protein Precursors | 2013 |
Neurotoxin-induced neuropeptide perturbations in striatum of neonatal rats.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids, Diamino; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cholecystokinin; Chromogranins; Cyanobacteria Toxins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Female; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Neostriatum; Neuropeptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sex Factors | 2013 |
Transcriptome analysis of Inbred Long Sleep and Inbred Short Sleep mice.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Exome; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Regulatory Networks; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Myosins; Polymorphism, Genetic; Prealbumin; Protein Precursors; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Sleep; Transcription, Genetic; Transcriptome; Tumor Suppressor Proteins | 2013 |
Identification and characterization of novel PDYN mutations in dominant cerebellar ataxia cases.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Cerebellar Ataxia; Enkephalins; Female; Genetic Linkage; Heterozygote; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Pedigree; Protein Precursors | 2013 |
Lmx1b controls peptide phenotypes in serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons.
Topics: Animals; Calcitonin; Cholecystokinin; Dopaminergic Neurons; Enkephalins; LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; Mice; Neurons; Periaqueductal Gray; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; Raphe Nuclei; Serotonergic Neurons; Substance P; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; Transcription Factors | 2013 |
Comparison of the transcriptional responses induced by acute morphine, methadone and buprenorphine.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Buprenorphine; Enkephalins; Male; Methadone; Morphine; Neostriatum; Nociceptin Receptor; Nucleus Accumbens; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; RNA, Messenger; Thalamus; Transcription, Genetic | 2013 |
Upregulation of gene expression in reward-modulatory striatal opioid systems by sleep loss.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Eating; Enkephalins; Fasting; Insulin; Leptin; Male; Neostriatum; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuroimaging; Neuropeptide Y; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reward; Sleep Deprivation; Up-Regulation | 2013 |
[Effects of moxibustion on expression of hypothalamic POMC mRNA and PDYN mRNA in rats with rheumatoid arthritis].
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Enkephalins; Humans; Hypothalamus; Male; Moxibustion; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger | 2013 |
Knockdown of prodynorphin gene prevents cognitive decline, reduces anxiety, and rescues loss of group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor function in aging.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Anxiety; Benzamides; Benzphetamine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cerebral Cortex; Cognition Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Exploratory Behavior; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Long-Term Synaptic Depression; Memory Disorders; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Protein Precursors; Pyrazoles; Pyridines; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Recognition, Psychology | 2013 |
Obesity at conception programs the opioid system in the offspring brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; DNA Methylation; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Embryo Disposition; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Genes, sry; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Male; Maternal-Fetal Relations; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Obesity; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 2014 |
Opioid system genes in alcoholism: a case-control study in Croatian population.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Case-Control Studies; Croatia; Enkephalins; Genetic Association Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Young Adult | 2013 |
Enkephalin downregulation in the nucleus accumbens underlies chronic stress-induced anhedonia.
Topics: Anhedonia; Animals; Down-Regulation; Enkephalins; Food Preferences; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Male; Maze Learning; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Restraint, Physical; RNA, Messenger; Stress, Psychological; Sucrose | 2014 |
Abnormal structure-specific peptide transmission and processing in a primate model of Parkinson's disease and l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; Globus Pallidus; Levodopa; Macaca mulatta; Neuropeptides; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Putamen; Tachykinins | 2014 |
Dynorphins regulate the strength of social memory.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Amygdala; Animals; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; Memory; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Recognition, Psychology; Social Behavior | 2014 |
Dynorphin/KOP and nociceptin/NOP gene expression and epigenetic changes by cocaine in rat striatum and nucleus accumbens.
Topics: Animals; Cocaine; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Epigenesis, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation; Histones; Male; Nociceptin; Nociceptin Receptor; Nucleus Accumbens; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa | 2014 |
PDYN rs2281285 variant association with drinking to avoid emotional or somatic discomfort.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Alleles; Emotions; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Precursors; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2013 |
Impaired periamygdaloid-cortex prodynorphin is characteristic of opiate addiction and depression.
Topics: Adult; Amygdala; Animals; Clozapine; Corticosterone; Depressive Disorder, Major; Designer Drugs; Enkephalins; Female; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Hungary; Limbic System; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroimaging; Neurons; Positron-Emission Tomography; Protein Precursors; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; RNA, Messenger; United States | 2013 |
Whole-brain circuit dissection in free-moving animals reveals cell-specific mesocorticolimbic networks.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; Clozapine; Designer Drugs; Enkephalins; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Male; Motor Activity; Nerve Net; Neural Pathways; Neuroimaging; Neurons; Nucleus Accumbens; Positron-Emission Tomography; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Somatosensory Cortex; Time Factors; Vibrissae; Wakefulness | 2013 |
Spinal distribution of c-Fos activated neurons expressing enkephalin in acute and chronic pain models.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Capsaicin; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Formaldehyde; Freund's Adjuvant; Hyperalgesia; Male; Neurons; Pain; Pain Threshold; Polymers; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Time Factors | 2014 |
Long-term antagonism of κ opioid receptors prevents escalation of and increased motivation for heroin intake.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Catheterization; Conditioning, Operant; Enkephalins; Heroin Dependence; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Motivation; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reinforcement Schedule; Self Administration; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2013 |
Birth-date dependent arrangement of spinal enkephalinergic neurons: evidence from the preproenkephalin-green fluorescent protein transgenic mice.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Female; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Neurogenesis; Posterior Horn Cells; Protein Precursors | 2014 |
Neurocognitive and neuroinflammatory correlates of PDYN and OPRK1 mRNA expression in the anterior cingulate in postmortem brain of HIV-infected subjects.
Topics: Adult; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Cognition Disorders; Diagnosis; Encephalitis; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Gyrus Cinguli; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger | 2014 |
Targeted expression of μ-opioid receptors in a subset of striatal direct-pathway neurons restores opiate reward.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Conditioning, Operant; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Exploratory Behavior; Flow Cytometry; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Microdialysis; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Pain; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reward; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2014 |
Long-term treatment with l-DOPA and an mGlu5 receptor antagonist prevents changes in brain basal ganglia dopamine receptors, their associated signaling proteins and neuropeptides in parkinsonian monkeys.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Basal Ganglia; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Antagonists; Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; Dynorphins; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Levodopa; Macaca fascicularis; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyridines; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger | 2014 |
Gene therapy for trigeminal pain in mice.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Genetic Therapy; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Humans; Mice; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Management; Protein Precursors; Trigeminal Nuclei | 2014 |
GABAergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area receive dual GABA/enkephalin-mediated inhibitory inputs from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.
Topics: Animals; Axons; Cells, Cultured; Dendrites; Dopaminergic Neurons; Enkephalins; GABAergic Neurons; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neural Inhibition; Neuropil; Protein Precursors; Protein Transport; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Septal Nuclei; Ventral Tegmental Area; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 | 2014 |
Effect of intravenous general anaesthesia with epidural block on the expression of pre-endogenous opioid peptide genes.
Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Intravenous; beta-Endorphin; Bupivacaine; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Female; Fentanyl; Gene Expression; Humans; Male; Midazolam; Middle Aged; Pain; Prospective Studies; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Vecuronium Bromide | 2014 |
The effect of striatal pre-enkephalin overexpression in the basal ganglia of the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Animals; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Globus Pallidus; Locomotion; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; MPTP Poisoning; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2014 |
Enkephalin knockout male mice are resistant to chronic mild stress.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Corticosterone; Depression; Enkephalins; Hypothalamus; Male; Maze Learning; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Protein Precursors; Stress, Psychological | 2014 |
Virus-mediated shRNA knockdown of prodynorphin in the rat nucleus accumbens attenuates depression-like behavior and cocaine locomotor sensitization.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anxiety; Cocaine; Dependovirus; Depression; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Genetic Vectors; In Situ Hybridization; Locomotion; Maze Learning; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Small Interfering | 2014 |
Effects of genetic deletion of endogenous opioid system components on the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in mice.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Cocaine; Conditioning, Operant; Cues; Drug-Seeking Behavior; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reinforcement Schedule; Reinforcement, Psychology; Self Administration | 2014 |
Immunohistochemical mapping of pro-opiomelanocortin- and pro-dynorphin-derived peptides in the alpaca (Lama pacos) diencephalon.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Camelids, New World; Diencephalon; Enkephalins; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Neurons; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors | 2014 |
RGS4 is involved in the generation of abnormal involuntary movements in the unilateral 6-OHDA-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Cells, Cultured; Corpus Striatum; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Functional Laterality; Gene Expression; Genetic Therapy; Levodopa; Male; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RGS Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Up-Regulation | 2014 |
Association between VNTR polymorphism in promoter region of prodynorphin (PDYN) gene and heroin dependence.
Topics: Alleles; Case-Control Studies; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Minisatellite Repeats; Polymorphism, Genetic; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors | 2014 |
Expression of mu opioid receptor in dorsal diencephalic conduction system: new insights for the medial habenula.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Knock-In Techniques; Habenula; Immunohistochemistry; Interpeduncular Nucleus; Luminescent Proteins; Male; Mice, 129 Strain; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Red Fluorescent Protein; Substance P | 2014 |
Analgesic effect of different moxibustion durations in rheumatoid arthritis rats.
Topics: Acupuncture Points; Analgesia; Animals; Arthralgia; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; beta-Endorphin; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Humans; Hypothalamus; Male; Moxibustion; Pain Threshold; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2014 |
Neuropeptide Y activity in the nucleus accumbens modulates feeding behavior and neuronal activity.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Choice Behavior; Corpus Striatum; Dietary Fats; Dietary Sucrose; Dynorphins; Eating; Enkephalins; Feeding Behavior; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neurons; Neuropeptide Y; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Neuropeptide Y; RNA, Messenger | 2015 |
Desipramine and citalopram attenuate pretest swim-induced increases in prodynorphin immunoreactivity in the dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the lateral division of the central nucleus of the amygdala in the forced swimming test.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Central Amygdaloid Nucleus; Citalopram; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Desipramine; Enkephalins; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Phosphorylation; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Septal Nuclei; Stress, Psychological; Swimming | 2014 |
A molecular prospective provides new insights into implication of PDYN and OPRK1 genes in alcohol dependence.
Topics: Alcoholism; Binding Sites; Computational Biology; Databases, Genetic; Enkephalins; Humans; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Transcription Factors; Untranslated Regions | 2014 |
PDYN, a gene implicated in brain/mental disorders, is targeted by REST in the adult human brain.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Embryonic Stem Cells; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Mental Disorders; MicroRNAs; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Repressor Proteins | 2014 |
Specific contributions of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the dorsal striatum to cognitive flexibility.
Topics: Animals; Cognition; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Executive Function; Exploratory Behavior; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Maze Learning; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Transgenic; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuronal Plasticity; Protein Precursors; Psychomotor Performance; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reversal Learning | 2015 |
Effects and interactions of tachykinins and dynorphin on FSH and LH secretion in developing and adult rats.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Hypothalamus; Kisspeptins; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Neurokinin B; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; Receptors, Neurokinin-2; Substance P | 2015 |
Reward associated with singing behavior correlates with opioid-related gene expression in the medial preoptic nucleus in male European starlings.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Male; Preoptic Area; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reward; RNA, Messenger; Starlings; Vocalization, Animal | 2014 |
The first Japanese familial case of spinocerebellar ataxia 23 with a novel mutation in the PDYN gene.
Topics: Age of Onset; Brain Stem; Cerebellum; Enkephalins; Family Health; Female; Humans; Japan; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Protein Precursors; Spinocerebellar Degenerations | 2015 |
Endogenous opioids as substrates for ethanol intake in the neonatal rat: The impact of prenatal ethanol exposure on the opioid family in the early postnatal period.
Topics: Age Factors; Alcohol Drinking; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Central Nervous System Depressants; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gestational Age; Male; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; RNA, Messenger | 2015 |
Changes in the expression of genes encoding for mGlu4 and mGlu5 receptors and other regulators of the indirect pathway in acute mouse models of drug-induced parkinsonism.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Acute Disease; Animals; Catalepsy; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Haloperidol; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Neurons; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; Receptors, Adenosine A2; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Time Factors; Ventral Thalamic Nuclei | 2015 |
Phenotype-dependent inhibition of glutamatergic transmission on nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons by the abused inhalant toluene.
Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Enkephalins; Glutamic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Inhalant Abuse; Long-Term Synaptic Depression; Morpholines; N-Methylaspartate; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Nucleus Accumbens; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; Pyrazoles; Rats; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Solvents; Synaptic Transmission; Toluene | 2016 |
κ Opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell mediate escalation of methamphetamine intake.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Conditioning, Operant; Enkephalins; Male; Methamphetamine; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reinforcement, Psychology; Self Administration | 2015 |
Plasma membrane poration by opioid neuropeptides: a possible mechanism of pathological signal transduction.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Cell Membrane; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Ligands; Microscopy, Confocal; Neuropeptides; Opioid Peptides; PC12 Cells; Protein Precursors; Rats; Signal Transduction | 2015 |
Distinct developmental origins manifest in the specialized encoding of movement by adult neurons of the external globus pallidus.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Cell Lineage; Enkephalins; Forkhead Transcription Factors; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Globus Pallidus; Mice; Movement; Neurons; Nuclear Proteins; Protein Precursors; Repressor Proteins; ROC Curve; Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1; Transcription Factors | 2015 |
[Parametric optimization of electroacupuncture against bone-cancer pain in rats and its intervention on mRNA expression of opioid receptor and precursor].
Topics: Acupuncture Analgesia; Acupuncture Points; Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalins; Female; Ganglia, Spinal; Humans; Pain; Pain Management; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid | 2015 |
Effects of emodin on the demethylation of tumor-suppressor genes in pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells.
Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; DNA Methylation; Emodin; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Neoplasm Proteins; NF-kappa B; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein Precursors; Tumor Suppressor Proteins | 2015 |
Deconstructing 5-HT6 receptor effects on striatal circuit function.
Topics: Animals; Conditioning, Operant; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Genetic Vectors; Male; Neostriatum; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, Serotonin | 2015 |
Mu opioid receptor modulation in the nucleus accumbens lowers voluntary wheel running in rats bred for high running motivation.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Animals, Outbred Strains; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eating; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Motivation; Motor Activity; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Running; Species Specificity | 2015 |
Antagonism of κ opioid receptor in the nucleus accumbens prevents the depressive-like behaviors following prolonged morphine abstinence.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Morphine; Motor Activity; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2015 |
Opioid-dependent regulation of high and low fear responses in two inbred mouse strains.
Topics: Amygdala; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Conditioning, Classical; Enkephalins; Fear; Gene Expression; Genetic Association Studies; Hippocampus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred Strains; Naltrexone; Protein Precursors; Random Allocation; Receptors, Opioid; Stress, Psychological | 2015 |
[Construction of PPENK-MIDGE-NLS gene vector and the expression in rat].
Topics: Animals; Cloning, Molecular; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Leukocytes; Plasmids; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Transfection; Transgenes | 2015 |
Amphiphilic Residues 29-44 of DREAM N-Termini Mediate Calmodulin:DREAM Complex Formation.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Calmodulin; Enkephalins; Humans; Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins; Mice; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation; Protein Multimerization; Protein Precursors; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Recombinant Proteins; Repressor Proteins | 2015 |
From unilateral to bilateral parkinsonism: Effects of lateralization on dyskinesias and associated molecular mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Functional Laterality; Levodopa; Male; Motor Activity; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 2015 |
Revisiting disease genes based on whole-exome sequencing in consanguineous populations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alleles; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Cell Cycle Proteins; Child; Claudins; Connexins; Consanguinity; Enkephalins; Exome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genome, Human; Homozygote; Humans; Infant; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Lipoproteins; Male; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; Repressor Proteins; Serine Endopeptidases; Symporters; TRPM Cation Channels | 2015 |
GABA and enkephalin tonically alter sympathetic outflows in the rat spinal cord.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Animals; Bicuculline; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Enkephalins; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Heart Rate; Male; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Protein Precursors; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2015 |
Event-related potentials in performance monitoring are influenced by the endogenous opioid system.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Choice Behavior; Double-Blind Method; Electroencephalography; Enkephalins; Evoked Potentials; Female; Genotyping Techniques; Humans; Male; Polymorphism, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Reaction Time; Reward; White People; Young Adult | 2015 |
Effects of footshocks on anxiety-like behavior and mRNA levels of precursor peptides for corticotropin releasing factor and opioids in the forebrain of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Avoidance Learning; Central Amygdaloid Nucleus; Corpus Striatum; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Electroshock; Enkephalins; Fear; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Septal Nuclei | 2015 |
Inhibition of opioid systems in the hypothalamus as well as the mesolimbic area suppresses feeding behavior of mice.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Enkephalins; Feeding Behavior; Food Deprivation; Hypothalamus; Male; Mice, Inbred ICR; Narcotic Antagonists; Nucleus Accumbens; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; RNA, Messenger; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2015 |
Genetic identity of thermosensory relay neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Fever; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Reporter; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Hypothermia; Integrases; Internal Ribosome Entry Sites; Male; Mice, Transgenic; Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques; Neurons; Parabrachial Nucleus; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Repressor Proteins; Skin Temperature; Thermosensing; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2; Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transport Proteins | 2016 |
Associations of prodynorphin sequence variation with alcohol dependence and related traits are phenotype-specific and sex-dependent.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Haplotypes; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Precursors; Sex Factors; White People | 2015 |
Hypothalamic Amylin Acts in Concert with Leptin to Regulate Food Intake.
Topics: Animals; Eating; Enkephalins; Female; Hypothalamus; Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; Leptin; Male; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Obese; Microscopy, Confocal; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Leptin; RNA, Messenger | 2015 |
Efficacy of Herpes Simplex Virus Vector Encoding the Human Preproenkephalin Gene for Treatment of Facial Pain in Mice.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Chronic Pain; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Facial Pain; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Protein Precursors; Simplexvirus; Touch; Transduction, Genetic; Transfection; Transgenes; Trigeminal Ganglion; Trigeminal Neuralgia | 2016 |
Transcriptional repressor DREAM regulates trigeminal noxious perception.
Topics: Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cathepsin L; Enkephalins; Facial Pain; Hyperalgesia; Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Transgenic; Monoacylglycerol Lipases; Nociception; Physical Stimulation; Protein Precursors; Repressor Proteins; Transcriptome; Trigeminal Nerve | 2017 |
Expression levels of OPRM1 and PDYN in human SH-SY5Y cells treated with morphine and methadone.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Cell Line; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Humans; Methadone; Morphine; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger | 2016 |
Enkephalin and dynorphin neuropeptides are differently correlated with locomotor hypersensitivity and levodopa-induced dyskinesia in parkinsonian rats.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Dynorphins; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Levodopa; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine; RNA, Messenger; Statistics as Topic; Sympatholytics; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2016 |
A Functional 3'UTR Polymorphism (rs2235749) of Prodynorphin Alters microRNA-365 Binding in Ventral Striatonigral Neurons to Influence Novelty Seeking and Positive Reward Traits.
Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; Animals; Conditioning, Operant; Corpus Striatum; Decision Making; Enkephalins; Exploratory Behavior; Genotype; Green Fluorescent Proteins; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Male; MicroRNAs; Neurons; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Reinforcement, Psychology; RNA, Messenger; Substantia Nigra; Transduction, Genetic; Transfection | 2016 |
SCA23 and prodynorphin: is it time for gene retraction?
Topics: Enkephalins; Humans; Protein Precursors; Spinocerebellar Degenerations | 2016 |
Altered secondary structure of Dynorphin A associates with loss of opioid signalling and NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity in SCA23.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Computer Simulation; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Protein Precursors; Protein Structure, Secondary; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Signal Transduction; Spinal Cord; Spinocerebellar Degenerations | 2016 |
l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia is associated with a deficient numerical downregulation of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA-expressing neurons.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Levodopa; Male; Medial Forebrain Bundle; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Oxidopamine; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2016 |
Repeated nicotine exposure modulates prodynorphin and pronociceptin levels in the reward pathway.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Motivation; Motor Activity; Nerve Net; Nicotine; Nociceptin Receptor; Nucleus Accumbens; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reward; RNA, Messenger; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2016 |
Atrazine alters expression of reproductive and stress genes in the developing hypothalamus of the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina.
Topics: Animals; Aromatase; Atrazine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Herbicides; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Hypothalamus; Male; Organogenesis; Pituitary Gland; Prolactin-Releasing Hormone; Protein Precursors; Reproduction; Sex Factors; Turtles | 2016 |
Involvement of the dynorphin/KOR system on the nociceptive, emotional and cognitive manifestations of joint pain in mice.
Topics: Acetylation; Amygdala; Animals; Arthralgia; Chronic Pain; Cognition; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Disease Models, Animal; Emotions; Enkephalins; Epigenesis, Genetic; Hippocampus; Histones; Hyperalgesia; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Microglia; Osteoarthritis; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Spinal Cord | 2017 |
Mu and delta opioid receptor knockout mice show increased colonic sensitivity.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Colitis; Dextran Sulfate; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Pain; Pain Management; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2017 |
Repetitive Electroacupuncture Attenuates Cold-Induced Hypertension through Enkephalin in the Rostral Ventral Lateral Medulla.
Topics: Acupuncture Points; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cold Temperature; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalins; Hypertension; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 2016 |
Opioid precursor protein isoform is targeted to the cell nuclei in the human brain.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amino Acids; Animals; Caudate Nucleus; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Nucleus; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Silencing; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Opioid Peptides; Protein Isoforms; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Young Adult | 2017 |
Increased expression of proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNAs in the nucleus accumbens of compulsive methamphetamine taking rats.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Down-Regulation; Early Growth Response Transcription Factors; Electroshock; Enkephalins; Male; Methamphetamine; Nucleus Accumbens; Orphan Nuclear Receptors; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Up-Regulation | 2016 |
Prodynorphin and kappa opioid receptor mRNA expression in the brain relates to social status and behavior in male European starlings.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Enkephalins; Gonads; Male; Principal Component Analysis; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger; Social Behavior; Starlings; Testosterone | 2017 |
Neurochemistry of neurons in the ventrolateral medulla activated by hypotension: Are the same neurons activated by glucoprivation?
Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Catecholamines; Deoxyglucose; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Hydralazine; Hypotension; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurochemistry; Neurons; Neuropeptide Y; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tachykinins | 2017 |
Molecular signaling underlying bulleyaconitine A (BAA)-induced microglial expression of prodynorphin.
Topics: Aconitine; Animals; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Microglia; Models, Biological; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Phosphorylation; Protein Precursors; Rats; Signal Transduction; Spinal Cord | 2017 |
Genetic variation and epigenetic modification of the prodynorphin gene in peripheral blood cells in alcoholism.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Alcoholism; CpG Islands; DNA Methylation; Enkephalins; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Precursors; Sex Factors | 2017 |
Chronic nicotine-induced changes in gene expression of delta and kappa-opioid receptors and their endogenous ligands in the mesocorticolimbic system of the rat.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Nicotine; Protein Precursors; Random Allocation; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger | 2017 |
Neocortical prodynorphin expression is transiently increased with learning: Implications for time- and learning-dependent neocortical kappa opioid receptor activation.
Topics: Animals; Association Learning; Blinking; Conditioning, Classical; Conditioning, Eyelid; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Interneurons; Learning; Male; Memory; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neocortex; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Somatostatin-Secreting Cells; Vibrissae | 2017 |
Regulation of gene transcription in bipolar disorders: Role of DNA methylation in the relationship between prodynorphin and brain derived neurotrophic factor.
Topics: Aged; Bipolar Disorder; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; DNA Methylation; Enkephalins; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 2018 |
Neuronal Expression of Opioid Gene is Controlled by Dual Epigenetic and Transcriptional Mechanism in Human Brain.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; DNA Methylation; Enkephalins; Epigenesis, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neurons; Prefrontal Cortex; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Transcription, Genetic; Upstream Stimulatory Factors | 2018 |
Neurochemical and Neurotoxic Effects of MDMA (Ecstasy) and Caffeine After Chronic Combined Administration in Mice.
Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Comet Assay; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Enkephalins; Exploratory Behavior; Extracellular Fluid; Gene Expression Regulation; Hallucinogens; Locomotion; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Protein Precursors; Recognition, Psychology; RNA-Binding Proteins; Serotonin | 2018 |
Mobilization of CD4+ T lymphocytes in inflamed mucosa reduces pain in colitis mice: toward a vaccinal strategy to alleviate inflammatory visceral pain.
Topics: Animals; CD11 Antigens; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Colitis; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Freund's Adjuvant; Immunization; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Mucous Membrane; Ovalbumin; Protein Precursors; Statistics, Nonparametric; Visceral Pain | 2018 |
[Overexpression of PPENK reduces myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by promoting mitophagy in rats].
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Enkephalins; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Mitochondria, Heart; Mitophagy; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Nuclear Localization Signals; Protein Kinases; Protein Precursors; Random Allocation; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Troponin I; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases | 2017 |
Inflammatory-linked changes in CpG island methylation of three opioid peptide genes in a rat model for pain.
Topics: Animals; CpG Islands; Disease Models, Animal; DNA Methylation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Inflammation; Male; Pain; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction | 2018 |
Dynorphinergic system alterations in the corticostriatal circuitry of neuropathic mice support its role in the negative affective component of pain.
Topics: Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cerebral Cortex; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Neuralgia; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger | 2019 |
Selegiline increases on time without exacerbation of dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats displaying l-Dopa-induced wearing-off and abnormal involuntary movements.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Benserazide; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Levodopa; Male; Movement; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Precursors; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Selegiline; Time Factors | 2018 |
Prenatal ethanol induces an anxiety phenotype and alters expression of dynorphin & nociceptin/orphanin FQ genes.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Outbred Strains; Anxiety; Brain; Central Nervous System Depressants; Disease Models, Animal; DNA Methylation; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Female; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Male; Motor Activity; Nociceptin Receptor; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Random Allocation; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Risk-Taking; RNA, Messenger | 2018 |
Downregulation of the neuronal opioid gene expression concomitantly with neuronal decline in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of human alcoholics.
Topics: Alcoholics; Alcoholism; Alleles; Australia; Case-Control Studies; Cognitive Dysfunction; Down-Regulation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Prefrontal Cortex; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa | 2018 |
Blockade of analgesic effects following systemic administration of N-methyl-kyotorphin, NMYR and arginine in mice deficient of preproenkephalin or proopiomelanocortin gene.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Arginine; CHO Cells; Cricetulus; Enkephalins; Gene Knockout Techniques; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuropeptides; Pain; Pain Management; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors | 2018 |
Alterations in the Activity of Spinal and Thalamic Opioid Systems in a Mice Neuropathic Pain Model.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Male; Mice; Neuralgia; Pain Threshold; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Sciatic Nerve; Spinal Cord; Thalamus | 2018 |
Various responses of male pituitary-gonadal axis to different intensities of long-term exercise: Role of expression of KNDYrelated genes.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Gonads; Humans; Kisspeptins; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Neurokinin B; Neurons; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Pituitary Gland; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Testosterone | 2018 |
The biological variation of plasma proenkephalin: data from a stable heart failure cohort.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Creatinine; Enkephalins; Enzyme Assays; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Protein Precursors; Reference Values | 2019 |
Aldosterone-sensitive HSD2 neurons in mice.
Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2; Aldosterone; Animals; Appetite Regulation; Axons; Brain Stem; Enkephalins; Feeding Behavior; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Reporter; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Luminescent Proteins; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Neural Pathways; Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques; Neurons; Prosencephalon; Protein Precursors; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Solitary Nucleus | 2019 |
Diverse serotonin actions of vilazodone reduce l-3,4-dihidroxyphenylalanine-induced dyskinesia in hemi-parkinsonian rats.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Dynorphins; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Levodopa; Male; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Piperazines; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Serotonin; RNA, Messenger; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Serotonin; Serotonin Antagonists; Time Factors; Vilazodone Hydrochloride | 2018 |
Influence of behavioral traits in the inter-individual variability of nociceptive, emotional and cognitive manifestations of neuropathic pain.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cell Cycle Proteins; Central Amygdaloid Nucleus; Cognition; Emotions; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Individuality; Interleukin-6; Male; Mice; Neuralgia; Nociceptive Pain; Protein Precursors; Social Behavior | 2019 |
Preproenkephalin-expressing ventral pallidal neurons control inhibitory avoidance learning.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Basal Forebrain; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Inhibition, Psychological; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Neurons; Protein Precursors | 2019 |
Short-term withdrawal from repeated exposure to cocaine during adolescence modulates dynorphin mRNA levels and BDNF signaling in the rat nucleus accumbens.
Topics: Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Nociceptin Receptor; Nucleus Accumbens; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2019 |
The Paraventricular Hypothalamus Regulates Satiety and Prevents Obesity via Two Genetically Distinct Circuits.
Topics: Agouti-Related Protein; Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Energy Metabolism; Enkephalins; Feeding Behavior; Locus Coeruleus; Mice; Neurons; Obesity; Parabrachial Nucleus; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Protein Precursors; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4; Repressor Proteins; Satiety Response | 2019 |
Chemosensory modulation of neural circuits for sodium appetite.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Appetite Regulation; Avoidance Learning; Eating; Enkephalins; Female; GABAergic Neurons; Homeostasis; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Mice; Motivation; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Satiety Response; Sodium; Taste | 2019 |
Association of variants of prodynorphin promoter 68-bp repeats in caucasians with opioid dependence diagnosis: Effect on age trajectory of heroin use.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Enkephalins; Female; Genetic Association Studies; Genotype; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Opioid-Related Disorders; Polymorphism, Genetic; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; White People | 2019 |
Engram-specific transcriptome profiling of contextual memory consolidation.
Topics: Activating Transcription Factor 3; Animals; Conditioning, Psychological; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Dentate Gyrus; Enkephalins; Fear; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; KCNQ3 Potassium Channel; Male; Memory Consolidation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Models, Animal; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Stereotaxic Techniques | 2019 |
Ad libitum feeding triggers puberty onset associated with increases in arcuate Kiss1 and Pdyn expression in growth-retarded rats.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Brain; Enkephalins; Female; Food Deprivation; Growth Disorders; Hypothalamus, Anterior; Kisspeptins; Luteinizing Hormone; Neurokinin B; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sexual Maturation; Uterus | 2019 |
Incisional Injury Modulates Morphine Reward and Morphine-Primed Reinstatement: A Role of Kappa Opioid Receptor Activation.
Topics: Acute Pain; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Conditioning, Psychological; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Extinction, Psychological; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Morphine; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain Threshold; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reward; Signal Transduction; Wounds, Penetrating | 2020 |
Nuclear transcriptional changes in hypothalamus of Pomc enhancer knockout mice after excessive alcohol drinking.
Topics: Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Binge Drinking; Enhancer Elements, Genetic; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Hypothalamus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oxytocin; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Transcriptome | 2019 |
Early exposure to environmental enrichment modulates the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure upon opioid gene expression and adolescent ethanol intake.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Amygdala; Animals; Anxiety; Brain; Enkephalins; Environment; Ethanol; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Precursors; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2020 |
Proenkephalin Compared to Conventional Methods to Assess Kidney Function in Critically Ill Sepsis Patients.
Topics: Aged; Critical Illness; Enkephalins; Humans; Inulin; Iohexol; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Protein Precursors; Sepsis; Shock, Septic | 2020 |
Neuropathic Pain Dysregulates Gene Expression of the Forebrain Opioid and Dopamine Systems.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Mice; Neuralgia; Pain Measurement; Prosencephalon; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 2020 |
Expression of genes for Kisspeptin (KISS1), Neurokinin B (TAC3), Prodynorphin (PDYN), and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (RFRP) across natural puberty in ewes.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Hypothalamus; Kisspeptins; Neurokinin B; Neuropeptides; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Kisspeptin-1; Sheep, Domestic | 2020 |
Let-7b-5p promotes electroacupuncture tolerance by downregulating Penk1 gene in CFA-induced inflammatory nociception rats.
Topics: Animals; Antagomirs; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalins; Female; Freund's Adjuvant; Humans; Injections, Intraventricular; MicroRNAs; Nociception; Nociceptive Pain; Pain Threshold; Protein Precursors; Rats | 2020 |
A neural circuit mechanism for mechanosensory feedback control of ingestion.
Topics: Animals; Eating; Enkephalins; Feedback; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract | 2020 |
Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Expressing the Human Preproenkephalin Gene Can Relieve Pain in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain.
Topics: Animals; Cell Engineering; Enkephalins; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Male; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Neuralgia; Protein Precursors; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sciatic Nerve; Sciatic Neuropathy | 2020 |
Input-output connections of LJA5 prodynorphin neurons.
Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Enkephalins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Neurons; Protein Precursors | 2021 |
Efferent projections of Vglut2, Foxp2, and Pdyn parabrachial neurons in mice.
Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Cerebral Cortex; Efferent Pathways; Enkephalins; Female; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Hypothalamus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Parabrachial Nucleus; Protein Precursors; Repressor Proteins; Thalamus; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 | 2021 |
Proenkephalin A 119-159 May Predict Post-operative Acute Kidney Injury and in Hospital Mortality Following Open or Endovascular Thoraco-abdominal Aortic Repair.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic; Endovascular Procedures; Enkephalins; Female; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peptide Fragments; Predictive Value of Tests; Protein Precursors; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vascular Surgical Procedures | 2020 |
Proenkephalin
Topics: Amphiregulin; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Homeostasis; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Protein Precursors; Self Tolerance; Skin; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Ultraviolet Rays; Wound Healing | 2020 |
Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Prodynorphin-Derived Peptides are Decreased in Huntington's Disease.
Topics: Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Humans; Huntingtin Protein; Huntington Disease; Neurofilament Proteins; Peptides; Protein Precursors | 2021 |
Cerebellar developmental deficits underlie neurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 23.
Topics: Animals; Cerebellum; Enkephalins; Humans; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Neurogenesis; Protein Precursors; Spinocerebellar Degenerations | 2021 |
Pre-locus coeruleus neurons in rat and mouse.
Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2; Adrenergic Neurons; Animal Feed; Animals; Appetite Regulation; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Biomarkers; Brain; Cholinergic Neurons; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Enkephalins; Feeding Behavior; Female; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Neural Pathways; Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Repressor Proteins | 2021 |
Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers of Medium Spiny Neuron Injury in Huntington's Disease.
Topics: Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Humans; Huntington Disease; Neurons; Peptides; Protein Precursors | 2021 |
Parabrachial opioidergic projections to preoptic hypothalamus mediate behavioral and physiological thermal defenses.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Hot Temperature; Male; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Optogenetics; Parabrachial Nucleus; Preoptic Area; Protein Precursors | 2021 |
Refeeding activates neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus to inhibit food intake and promote positive valence.
Topics: Animals; Cholecystokinin; Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus; Eating; Enkephalins; Feeding Behavior; Male; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Neurons; Protein Precursors | 2021 |
The Expression Pattern of Genes Related to Melanogenesis and Endogenous Opioids in Psoriasis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Biopsy; Case-Control Studies; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Male; Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; Nociceptin Receptor; Protein Precursors; Psoriasis; Receptors, Opioid; Skin; Skin Pigmentation; Young Adult | 2021 |
Prodynorphin and Proenkephalin in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neurons; Protein Precursors | 2022 |
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of proenkephalin and prodynorphin are differentially altered in Huntington's and Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Biomarkers; Chromatography, Liquid; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Humans; Huntington Disease; Parkinson Disease; Protein Precursors; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2022 |
Cellular Profiles of Prodynorphin and Preproenkephalin mRNA-Expressing Neurons in the Anterior Olfactory Tubercle of Mice.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Mice; Neurons; Olfactory Tubercle; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Dopamine D1; RNA, Messenger | 2022 |
Transcriptional Regulatory Role of NELL2 in Preproenkephalin Gene Expression.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Epidermal Growth Factor; Gene Expression; Mice; Nerve Tissue Proteins; NIH 3T3 Cells; Protein Precursors; Rats | 2022 |