docosapentaenoic-acid and palmitoleic-acid

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) given its association with obesity and diabetes may perhaps exert distinct free fatty acids (FFA) pattern, but the understanding of this phenomenon is limited. To this effect, we evaluated FFA profiles among healthy subjects and NAFLD patients stratified by body weight, to identify FFA valuable for early diagnosis of NAFLD.. Serum FFA profiles of healthy and NAFLD (lean, overweight and obese) subjects was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and distinctions in FFA patterns were evaluated using one-way ANOVA while Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and logistic regression models were used to explore FFA significant for diagnosing NAFLD.. NAFLD patients presented significantly higher (P < 0.05) serum FFA profiles compared to healthy controls (HC). While total FFA profiles were insignificantly different between lean (2093.33 ± 558.11 μg/ml) and overweight (2420.81 ± 555.18 μg/ml) NAFLD patients, obese NAFLD (2739.01 ± 810.35 μg/ml) presented most significantly elevated (P < 0.05) total FFA profiles compared with HC. Of the four FFA; myristic acid (14:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1), γ-linolenic acid (γ-18:3) and cis-7,10,13,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid (22:5), selected in ROC analysis given their high Youden's index and AUC, only 14:0; 5.58(1.37, 22.76) and 16:1; 4.36(1.34, 14.13) had statistical significant odd ratios.. Our findings suggest 14:0 and 16:1 are promising for early diagnosis of NAFLD.

Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Female; gamma-Linolenic Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myristic Acid; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Obesity; Overweight; Thinness

To investigate whether liver steatosis reduction due to a six-month dietary intervention results in significant changes in the concentrations of fatty acids.. A group of 35 Caucasian individuals diagnosed with different levels of steatosis were prospectively enrolled in the present study. Analysis of the fatty acid profiles was performed according to changes in liver steatosis (liver steatosis reduction by one or two degrees) after a six-month dietary intervention. The diet helped reduce body mass in obese and overweight patients, and stabilize both glycemia and dyslipidemia. Fatty acids were extracted according to the Folch method and analyzed by gas chromatography.. This study showed significant changes in fatty acid profiles in patients who had reduced liver steatosis by one as well as two degrees. A reduction in liver steatosis by one degree caused a significant increase in the level of the n-3 family: eicosapentaenoic acid (P < 0.055), docosapentaenoic acid-C 22:5 (P < 0.05) and docosahexaenoic acid (P < 0.05). A reduction in liver steatosis by two degrees caused a significant decrease in serum palmitoleic acid-C 16:1 (P < 0.05).. Liver steatosis reduction is associated with changes in fatty acid profiles, and these changes may reflect an alteration in fatty acid synthesis and metabolism. These findings may help better understand regression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Dietary Fats; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Poland; Prospective Studies; Remission Induction; Severity of Illness Index; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Weight Loss; White People; Young Adult

It has not been established whether nutrition in early infancy affects subsequent neurodevelopment and function. If there is an effect, it seems probable that the essential fatty acids and their metabolites, the major constituents of brain structure, will be the most susceptible to dietary influence. We determined the phospholipid fatty-acid composition of cerebral cortex grey matter obtained from 20 term and 2 preterm infants who had died of "cot deaths" and related results to the milk diet the infants had received. Tissues were analysed by gas chromatography. The mean weight percentage of docosahexaenoic acid was significantly greater (p less than 0.02) in 5 breast-milk-fed infants (9.7%) than in 5 age-comparable formula-milk-fed infants (7.6%). In these formula-fed babies, the overall percentage of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids was maintained by increased incorporation of the major n-6 series fatty acids. In 1 formula-fed preterm infant, in whom the lowest concentration of cortical docosahexaenoic acid was found, the compensatory effect was only partial with both n-9 series eicosatrienoic acid or Mead acid and docosatrienoic acid also detected in the phospholipid. Supplementation of formula milks for term infants with docosahexaenoic acid and those for preterm infants with both docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid could prove beneficial to subsequent neurodevelopment.

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Arachidonic Acids; Cerebral Cortex; Dietary Fats; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Food; Infant, Newborn; Male; Milk; Milk, Human; Palmitic Acids; Phospholipids