docosapentaenoic-acid and 17-hydroxy-4-7-10-13-15-19-docosahexaenoic-acid

Enzymatically oxygenated lipid products derived from omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids play an important role in inflammation dampening. This study examined the anti-inflammatory effects of n-6 docosapentaenoic acid-derived (17S)-hydroxy-docosapentaenoic acid (17-HDPAn-6) and (10,17S)-dihydroxy-docosapentaenoic acid (10,17-HDPAn-6) as well as n-3 docosahexaenoic acid-derived 17(R/S)-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA).. The effects of 17-HDPAn-6, 10,17-HDPAn-6 or 17-HDHA on activity and M1/M2 polarization of murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 were examined by phagocytosis assay and real-time PCR. To assess anti-inflammatory effects in vivo, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis was induced in mice treated with 17-HDPAn-6, 10,17-HDPAn-6, 17-HDHA or NaCl.. Our results show that 17-HDPAn-6, 10,17-HDPAn-6 and 17-HDHA increase phagocytosis in macrophages in vitro and promote polarization towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype with decreased gene expression of TNF-α and inducible Nitric oxide synthase and increased expression of the chemokine IL-1 receptor antagonist and the Scavenger receptor Type A. Intraperitoneal treatment with 17-HDPAn-6, 10,17-HDPAn-6, or 17-HDHA alleviated DSS-colitis and significantly improved body weight loss, colon epithelial damage, and macrophage infiltration.. These results suggest that DPAn-6-derived 17-HDPAn-6 and 10,17-HDPAn-6 as well as the DHA-derived 17-HDHA have inflammation-dampening and resolution-promoting effects that could be used to treat inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cell Line; Colitis; Disease Models, Animal; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Macrophages; Mice; Phagocytosis