diphenylhexatriene and dansyl-phosphatidylethanolamine

Cell lines selected (CHRC5) and transfected (LR-73-1A) for multi-drug resistance have total lipid compositions which are indistinguishable between resistant and parental cells. Lipid composition was evaluated by 1H NMR and the total fatty acid content by GLC. No change in surface hydrophobicity, as measured with the fluorescent probe dansyl-PE, was observed as a result of transfection of CHO cells with the mdr1 gene. However, the selected cell line, CHRC5, showed a decreased surface hydrophobicity. This decreased surface hydrophobicity was indicated by an 8 nm increase in the fluorescence emission of dansyl-PE in the CHRC5 cell line compared with the AB1. Both resistant cell lines showed an increase in the polarisation of the fluorescent probe, TMA-DPH in the plasma membranes corresponding to a 14% and a 24% change in fluorescence polarisation for the selected and transfected cell lines, respectively. This is indicative of reduced mobility of the acyl chains in the resistant cell lines. Both the CHRC5 and the transfected cell lines showed almost a 2-fold increase in the initial rate of membrane cycling. The membrane cycling could be inhibited by a known bilayer stabiliser, the N-carbobenzoxy-D-Phe-L-Phe-Gly. These results indicate that the properties of the plasma membrane from resistant cells are altered compared with their parental cell line.

Topics: Animals; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; Cell Membrane; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; CHO Cells; Chromatography, Gas; Cricetinae; Dansyl Compounds; Diphenylhexatriene; Drug Resistance; Fatty Acids; Fluorescence Polarization; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Lipids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Transfection

Activity of phospholipase C from Clostridium perfringens on liposomes made from sn-3-phosphatidylcholine, dimyristoyl (DMPC), dipalmitoyl (DPPC) or distearoyl (DSPC) was measured at various temperatures and was correlated with their gel/liquid-crystalline phase transitions (Tc:23, 41.5, 52 degrees C for DMPC, DPPC, DSPC, respectively). In all cases, the activity of phospholipase C was high in the gel phases of the substrates and was almost zero in their liquid-crystalline phases. Fluorescence depolarization measurements of N-dansyl-sn-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DPE) and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) incorporated into the liposomes showed that both the head group and the alkyl chains of the lipids were immobilized in the gel phases but were highly mobile in the liquid-crystalline phase. These results indicate that the rotational mobility of lipids (both of the head groups and the alkyl chains) was not a major factor in the phospholipase C reaction. It is inferred that some electrostatic and/or hydrophobic interactions might play important roles in regulation of the phospholipase C activity.

Topics: Dansyl Compounds; Diphenylhexatriene; Electricity; Lipid Bilayers; Liposomes; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Rotation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thermodynamics; Type C Phospholipases

The effect of Ca2+ on the molecular mobility in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine membranes was studied by steady-state and time-resolved measurements of fluorescence anisotropy. The fluorescence anisotropy decay of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in the hydrocarbon region indicated that the free volume of molecular rotation became more restricted when the Ca2+ concentration was increased. The decrease of the molecular mobility was observed from 1 mM Ca2+, at which the number of bound Ca2+ is much less than that of the total lipid molecules. A distinct difference between Ca2+ and Mg2+ effects suggested that the change in various membrane properties was induced by the binding of these ions. From these results we propose a long-range attractive interaction between bound Ca2+ and the polar head groups of distant phosphatidylcholine molecules.

Topics: Calcium; Cations, Divalent; Dansyl Compounds; Diphenylhexatriene; Fluorescence Polarization; Fluorescent Dyes; Lipid Bilayers; Liposomes; Magnesium; Membrane Fluidity; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Pulmonary Surfactants; Temperature

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Dansyl Compounds; Diphenylhexatriene; Fluorescence Polarization; Lens, Crystalline; Membrane Lipids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Temperature

The fatty acid synthetase complex from the insect Ceratitis capitata forms a stable lipoprotein complex. The intrinsic fluorescence of the complex was studied by observing the emission spectra with different excitation wavelengths, both in the native complex and after temperature with sodium cholate and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The excitation spectrum of the native form also was recorded. The fluorescence behavior of the native enzyme showed two families of tryptophan residues. Cholate influenced the fluorescence, suggesting that phospholipids are the conformational support at this level. The two families of fluorescing tryptophan residues were similarly accessible to quenching by acrylamide. Thermal changes in the fluorescence characteristics were observed; warming caused a decrease in the quantum yield as well as a red shift in the emission maximum. The high fluorescence remaining after the thermal transition suggested that the lipid-protein interaction was affected but maintained shielding of the fluorophore by the lipids. Fluorescent probe molecules 1,6-diphenyl-hexa-1,3,5-triene (DPH) and dansylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPE) also were used. DPH uptake was temperature dependent, with a middle point consistent with the thermal conformation transition, indicating that internal lipids are nonrandomly distributed within the complex. DPE uptake did not reach the saturation of the complex, suggesting that its solubilization sites would be located on the lipoprotein surface.

Topics: Animals; Cholic Acid; Cholic Acids; Dansyl Compounds; Diphenylhexatriene; Diptera; Fatty Acid Synthases; Fluorescence; Lipoproteins; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Temperature