dioctadecylamidoglycylspermine and glycine

dioctadecylamidoglycylspermine has been researched along with glycine in 38 studies

*Glycine: A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter. [MeSH]

Compound Research Comparison

Studies (dioctadecylamidoglycylspermine)	Trials (dioctadecylamidoglycylspermine)	Recent Studies (post-2010) (dioctadecylamidoglycylspermine)	Studies (glycine)	Trials (glycine)	Recent Studies (post-2010) (glycine)
42	0	1	35,163	756	8,415

Protein Interaction Comparison

Protein	Taxonomy	glycine (IC50)
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	1.4852
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)	106
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	0.3253
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	0.3253
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	0.3253
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	0.3253
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	0.3253
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	0.3253
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)	128

Research

Studies (38)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	2 (5.26)	18.7374
1990's	29 (76.32)	18.2507
2000's	6 (15.79)	29.6817
2010's	1 (2.63)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Behr, JP; Daugeras-Bernard, N; Demeneix, BA; Fredriksson, G; Lezoual'ch, F; Loeffler, JP	1
Barthel, F; Behr, JP; Feltz, A; Feltz, P; Loeffler, JP; Sassone-Corsi, P	1
Behr, JP; Demeneix, B; Loeffler, JP; Perez-Mutul, J	1
Benjamin, R; Conry, RM; Curiel, DT; Kim, M; Lu, D	1
Kato, S; Yokoyama-Kobayashi, M	1
Asari, S; Date, I; Furuta, T; Imaoka, T; Miyoshi, Y; Ohmoto, T; Ono, T; Tsuda, M; Yasuda, T	1
Capaccioli, S; Mini, E; Papucci, L; Quattrone, A; Schiavone, N	1
Mack, KD; Walzem, R; Zeldis, JB	1
Behr, JP; Broker, TR; Chow, LT; Hua, Z; Remy, JS; Staedel, C	1
Abdel-Taweb, H; Behr, JP; Benoist, C; Demeneix, BA; Seugnet, I	1
Capaccioli, S; Di Pasquale, G; Mazzei, T; Mini, E; Quattrone, A	1
Behr, JP; Loeffler, JP	1
Bout, A; Fortunati, E; Scarpa, M; Valerio, D; Zanta, MA	1
Abdallah, B; Behr, JP; Benoist, C; Demeneix, BA; Scherman, D; Schwartz, B	1
Cariola, M; Kaech, S; Kim, JB; Ralston, E	1
Mechtler, K; Plank, C; Szoka, FC; Wagner, E	1
Emi, N; Kanbe, T; Saito, H; Yoshikawa, K; Yoshikawa, Y	1
Behr, JP; Boussif, O; Zanta, MA	1
Bahr, A; Behr, JP; Remy, JS; Sola, B; Staedel, C	1
Bryant, JL; Gallo, RC; Mahan, LC; Peng, B; Rabinovich, P; Thierry, AR	1
Aguerre-Chariol, O; Airiau, M; Boukhnikachvili, T; Lesieur, S; Ollivon, M; Vacus, J	1
Benigni, A; Boletta, A; Lutz, J; Monaco, L; Remuzzi, G; Soria, MR	1
Dunlap, DD; Maggi, A; Monaco, L; Soria, MR	1
Gabriel, J; Mitchell, WM; Rosenbloom, ST	1
Date, I; Imaoka, T; Nagatsu, T; Ohmoto, T	1
Kichler, A; Ogris, M; Wagner, E; Zauner, W	1
Aoki, Y; Horiuchi, A; Karasawa, Y; Kawa, S; Kiyosawa, K	1
Amura, CR; David, SA; Kielian, T; Morrison, DC; Silverstein, R	1
Doi, T; Imanishi, T; Miyashita, K; Obika, S; Shimoyama, A; Uneda, T; Yu, W	1
Kim, R; MacDonald, RC; Matsumura, JS; Pearce, WH; Shively, VP	1
Alison, MR; Coutelle, C; Forbes, SJ; Hodgson, HJ; Sarosi, I; Themis, M	1
Alison, MR; Coutelle, C; Forbes, SJ; Hodgson, HJ; Kobayashi, T; Shiota, A; Themis, M	1
Herscovici, J; Hofland, H; Jacopin, C; Scherman, D	1
Gaucheron, J; Santaella, C; Vierling, P	1
GOLLAN, F; GRACE, JT; KORY, RC; MENEELY, GR; TYSINGER, DS	1
Behr, JP; Dalkara, D; Zuber, G	1
Ahmed, OA; Blagbrough, IS; Pourzand, C	1
Condon, KH; Ehlers, MD; Hanus, C; Ho, J; Robinson, CG	1

Other Studies

38 other study(ies) available for dioctadecylamidoglycylspermine and glycine

Article	Year
Gene transfer into intact vertebrate embryos. The International journal of developmental biology, 1991, Volume: 35, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Chick Embryo; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; Genetic Techniques; Glycine; Molecular Sequence Data; Plasmids; Spermine; Transfection	1991
Lipopolyamine-mediated transfection allows gene expression studies in primary neuronal cells. Journal of neurochemistry, 1990, Volume: 54, Issue:5 Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Survival; Cerebellum; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Engineering; Glycine; Molecular Sequence Data; Neurons; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Plasmids; Second Messenger Systems; Spermine; Transfection	1990
Efficient gene transfer into mammalian primary endocrine cells with lipopolyamine-coated DNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1989, Volume: 86, Issue:18 Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; Glycine; Kinetics; Liposomes; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Pituitary Gland; Plasmids; Spermine; Swine; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection	1989
Optimization of methods to achieve mRNA-mediated transfection of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo employing cationic liposome vectors. Cancer gene therapy, 1994, Volume: 1, Issue:4 Topics: beta-Galactosidase; Breast Neoplasms; Cation Exchange Resins; Cations; Drug Carriers; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Genes, Reporter; Genetic Therapy; Glycine; Humans; Lipids; Liposomes; Luciferases; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Safety; Spermine; Transfection; Tumor Cells, Cultured	1994
Recombinant f1 phage-mediated transfection of mammalian cells using lipopolyamine technique. Analytical biochemistry, 1994, Nov-15, Volume: 223, Issue:1 Topics: 3T3 Cells; Animals; Bacteriophages; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Glycine; Humans; Mice; Plasmids; Spermine; Transfection	1994
Preliminary results of gene transfer to central nervous system by continuous injection of DNA-liposome complex. Cell transplantation, 1995, Volume: 4 Suppl 1 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Avian Sarcoma Viruses; beta-Galactosidase; Corpus Striatum; DNA; Drug Carriers; Escherichia coli; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Vectors; Glycine; Immunohistochemistry; Liposomes; Male; Mammals; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Spermine	1995
Intracellular enhancement of intact antisense oligonucleotide steady-state levels by cationic lipids. Anti-cancer drug design, 1994, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Base Sequence; Cations; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Cell Nucleus; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytoplasm; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Glycine; Humans; Lipids; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Spermine	1994
Cationic lipid enhances in vitro receptor-mediated transfection. The American journal of the medical sciences, 1994, Volume: 307, Issue:2 Topics: Asialoglycoprotein Receptor; Asialoglycoproteins; Binding, Competitive; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line; Glycine; Humans; Kinetics; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Luciferases; Plasmids; Polylysine; Receptors, Cell Surface; Spermine; Transfection; Tumor Cells, Cultured	1994
High-efficiency transfection of primary human keratinocytes with positively charged lipopolyamine:DNA complexes. The Journal of investigative dermatology, 1994, Volume: 102, Issue:5 Topics: DNA; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glycine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Keratinocytes; Kinetics; Male; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Polyamines; Spermine; Transfection	1994
Temporal and spatial expression of lipospermine-compacted genes transferred into chick embryos in vivo. BioTechniques, 1994, Volume: 16, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Avian Sarcoma Viruses; beta-Galactosidase; Brain; Chick Embryo; DNA; Gene Expression; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genes, Reporter; Glycine; Heart; Kinetics; Luciferases; Microinjections; Myocardium; Plasmids; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Spermine	1994
Cationic lipids improve antisense oligonucleotide uptake and prevent degradation in cultured cells and in human serum. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 1993, Dec-15, Volume: 197, Issue:2 Topics: 3T3 Cells; Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Base Sequence; Biological Transport; Cell Line; Colonic Neoplasms; Drug Resistance; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Glycine; Humans; Kinetics; Leukemia; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Spermine; T-Lymphocytes; Time Factors; Tumor Cells, Cultured	1993
Gene transfer into primary and established mammalian cell lines with lipopolyamine-coated DNA. Methods in enzymology, 1993, Volume: 217 Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Brain; Cattle; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Culture Techniques; DNA; Drug Carriers; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Glycine; Indicators and Reagents; Kinetics; Liposomes; Mammals; Mice; Neurons; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Neoplasms; Polyamines; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Kinases; Protein Precursors; Rats; Second Messenger Systems; Spermine; Swine; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection; Tumor Cells, Cultured	1993
In vitro and in vivo gene transfer to pulmonary cells mediated by cationic liposomes. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1996, Apr-10, Volume: 1306, Issue:1 Topics: 3T3 Cells; Adenoviridae; Animals; beta-Galactosidase; Bronchi; Cations; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Cystic Fibrosis; DNA, Recombinant; Drug Carriers; Female; Gene Expression; Genes, Reporter; Genetic Vectors; Glycine; Humans; Instillation, Drug; Liposomes; Luciferases; Lung; Macaca mulatta; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Spermine; Trachea; Transfection	1996
Lipospermine-based gene transfer into the newborn mouse brain is optimized by a low lipospermine/DNA charge ratio. Human gene therapy, 1995, Volume: 6, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; DNA; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrochemistry; Female; Gene Transfer Techniques; Glycine; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Mice; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Spermine; Transfection	1995
Improved lipid-mediated gene transfer into primary cultures of hippocampal neurons. Brain research. Molecular brain research, 1996, Volume: 35, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Cation Exchange Resins; Cells, Cultured; DNA; Drug Carriers; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Fluorescent Dyes; Glycine; Hippocampus; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; Lipids; Mice; Neurons; Plasmids; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Spermine; Transfection	1996
Activation of the complement system by synthetic DNA complexes: a potential barrier for intravenous gene delivery. Human gene therapy, 1996, Aug-01, Volume: 7, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Cations; Complement Activation; DNA, Recombinant; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Vectors; Glycine; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Liposomes; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Polylysine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Sheep; Spermine	1996
Folding and aggregation of DNA chains induced by complexation with lipospermine: formation of a nucleosome-like structure and network assembly. FEBS letters, 1996, Oct-28, Volume: 396, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Bacteriophage T4; DNA; Fibroblasts; Genetic Vectors; Glycine; Microscopy, Electron; Models, Molecular; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Nucleosomes; Rats; Solutions; Spermine; Time Factors; Transfection	1996
Optimized galenics improve in vitro gene transfer with cationic molecules up to 1000-fold. Gene therapy, 1996, Volume: 3, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Blood; Cations; Cells, Cultured; Centrifugation; DNA; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Vectors; Glycine; Humans; Mammals; Mice; Polyethyleneimine; Spermine; Transfection	1996
Lipospermine-mediated gene transfer technique into murine cultured cortical cells. Journal of neuroscience methods, 1997, Volume: 71, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Culture Media; Cytomegalovirus; DNA, Viral; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Glycine; Kinetics; Lac Operon; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neurons; Plasmids; Pregnancy; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Spermine; Transfection; Transgenes	1997
Characterization of liposome-mediated gene delivery: expression, stability and pharmacokinetics of plasmid DNA. Gene therapy, 1997, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; beta-Galactosidase; DNA; Gene Expression; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Glycine; HeLa Cells; Humans; In Situ Hybridization; Liposomes; Luciferases; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microscopy, Confocal; Microscopy, Electron; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Plasmids; Spermine; Transfection; Transgenes	1997
Structure of in-serum transfecting DNA-cationic lipid complexes. FEBS letters, 1997, Jun-09, Volume: 409, Issue:2 Topics: 3T3 Cells; Animals; Cations; DNA; Ethanol; Fetal Blood; Glycine; Lipids; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Sodium Chloride; Spermine; Transfection; X-Ray Diffraction	1997
Nonviral gene delivery to the rat kidney with polyethylenimine. Human gene therapy, 1997, Jul-01, Volume: 8, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; beta-Galactosidase; Drug Carriers; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genes, Reporter; Glycine; Kidney; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Luciferases; Male; Polyethyleneimine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recombinant Proteins; Spermine; Tissue Distribution; Transfection; Transgenes	1997
Nanoscopic structure of DNA condensed for gene delivery. Nucleic acids research, 1997, Aug-01, Volume: 25, Issue:15 Topics: Aluminum Silicates; DNA; Gene Transfer Techniques; Glycine; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Peptides; Plasmids; Polyethyleneimine; Spermine	1997
Induction of mucosal anti-HIV antibodies by facilitated transfection of airway epithelium with lipospermine/DNA complexes. Immunotechnology : an international journal of immunological engineering, 1995, Volume: 1, Issue:3-4 Topics: Animals; Bronchi; DNA; Epithelial Cells; Female; Gene Transfer Techniques; Glycine; HIV Antibodies; HIV Envelope Protein gp120; HIV Envelope Protein gp160; HIV Infections; Immunity, Mucosal; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Models, Molecular; Spermine; Transfection	1995
Significant behavioral recovery in Parkinson's disease model by direct intracerebral gene transfer using continuous injection of a plasmid DNA-liposome complex. Human gene therapy, 1998, May-01, Volume: 9, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases; Bovine papillomavirus 1; Cattle; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Carriers; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Vectors; Glycine; Injections; Liposomes; Motor Activity; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Plasmids; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spermine; Sympatholytics; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase	1998
Influence of the DNA complexation medium on the transfection efficiency of lipospermine/DNA particles. Gene therapy, 1998, Volume: 5, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Cell Line; DNA; Gene Expression; Glycine; Humans; Luciferases; Spermine; Transfection; Tumor Cells, Cultured	1998
Anti-proliferative effects of unmodified antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeted against c-raf mRNA: use of poly (lysine/serine) copolymers or cationic lipopolyamines. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology, 1998, Volume: 25, Issue:9 Topics: Cations; Cell Division; Drug Carriers; Glycine; Humans; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Peptides; Pharmaceutic Aids; Polyamines; Polyethylene Glycols; Polylysine; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; RNA, Messenger; Spermine; Thionucleotides; Tumor Cells, Cultured	1998
Lipopolyamines: novel antiendotoxin compounds that reduce mortality in experimental sepsis caused by gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1999, Volume: 43, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Female; Glycine; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; RNA, Messenger; Sepsis; Spermine	1999
Gene transfer mediated by YKS-220 cationic particles: convenient and efficient gene delivery reagent. Journal of biochemistry, 1999, Volume: 125, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Cation Exchange Resins; Cations; Cattle; Cell Line; Cricetinae; Culture Media; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Gene Expression; Gene Transfer Techniques; Glycine; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Lipids; Luciferases; Particle Size; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Plasmids; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Spermine; Transfection	1999
Characterization of vascular gene transfer using a novel cationic lipid. The Journal of surgical research, 1999, Volume: 85, Issue:2 Topics: Blood Proteins; Cation Exchange Resins; Cells, Cultured; DNA; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Carriers; Endothelium, Vascular; Gene Expression; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genes, Reporter; Glycine; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Luciferases; Oleic Acids; Phosphatidylcholines; Plasmids; Recombinant Proteins; Spermine; Transfection; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha	1999
Synergistic growth factors enhance rat liver proliferation and enable retroviral gene transfer via a peripheral vein. Gastroenterology, 2000, Volume: 118, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Cell Division; Drug Synergism; Fibroblast Growth Factor 10; Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Gene Expression; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Vectors; Glycine; Growth Substances; Injections, Intravenous; Liver; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Retroviridae; Spermine; Transduction, Genetic; Triiodothyronine	2000
Tri-iodothyronine and a deleted form of hepatocyte growth factor act synergistically to enhance liver proliferation and enable in vivo retroviral gene transfer via the peripheral venous system. Gene therapy, 2000, Volume: 7, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Cell Division; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Glycine; Hepatocyte Growth Factor; Liver; Liver Diseases; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Retroviridae; Spermine; Transfection; Triiodothyronine	2000
Synthesis and transfecting properties of a glycosylated polycationic DNA vector. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2001, Feb-12, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Genetic Vectors; Glycine; Glycosylation; HeLa Cells; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Micelles; Polyamines; Polyelectrolytes; Spermine; Structure-Activity Relationship; Transfection	2001
Transfection with fluorinated lipoplexes based on fluorinated analogues of DOTMA, DMRIE and DPPES. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 2002, Aug-31, Volume: 1564, Issue:2 Topics: Cell Line; Cell Survival; Epithelial Cells; Fluorine; Genetic Vectors; Glycine; Humans; Lipids; Liposomes; Molecular Structure; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Spermine; Transfection	2002
Hypothermia of 1.5 degree C in dogs followed by survival. The American journal of physiology, 1955, Volume: 181, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Dogs; Glycine; Hypothermia; Spermine	1955
Intracytoplasmic delivery of anionic proteins. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2004, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Anions; Cell Line; Cytoplasm; Glycine; Humans; Liposomes; Protein Transport; Proteins; Spermine	2004
Varying the unsaturation in N4,N9-dioctadecanoyl spermines: nonviral lipopolyamine vectors for more efficient plasmid DNA formulation. Pharmaceutical research, 2006, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; DNA; Drug Carriers; Electrochemistry; Fatty Acids; Glycine; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Nanostructures; Particle Size; Plasmids; Skin; Spermine; Tetrazolium Salts; Thiazoles; Transfection	2006
The Angelman syndrome protein Ube3a/E6AP is required for Golgi acidification and surface protein sialylation. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2013, Feb-27, Volume: 33, Issue:9 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Angelman Syndrome; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Bacterial Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Cytoplasmic Structures; Disease Models, Animal; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Glycine; Golgi Apparatus; Green Fluorescent Proteins; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lectins; Luminescent Proteins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Mutagenesis; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Neurons; Protein Transport; RNA, Small Interfering; Spermine; Transfection; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2; Viral Proteins	2013