dinoprost and luprostenol

In this double-blind Study 72 dairy cows were treated with injections of Luprostiol (Reprodin). 32 cows served as control. Gynaecological examinations in 10-day intervals up to day 40 post partum and determination of progesterone levels in milk samples taken in 3-day intervals up to day 73 p. p. were performed. The administration of PGF2 alpha did not improve the early onset of ovarian activity in cows with uncomplicated or complicated delivery. Ovaries without detectable function up to day 73 p. p. only occurred in the placebo group, representing a significant (p < 0.05) difference to the control group. In cows after uncomplicated as well as in animals after complicated delivery involution of the uterus up to day 20 p. p. progressed faster in the verum group compared to the control group. Cervical diameters were highest in the placebo group up to day 20 p. p. Until day 40 p. p. the cervical diameters of the probands equaled those of the control animals. In contrary to cows after uncomplicated delivery the injection of PGF2 alpha after complicated parturition lead to a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of puerperal endometritis. Neither in cows with uncomplicated nor complicated delivery the administration of PGF2 alpha resulted in an improved conception rate. There were no significant positive effects on fertility parameters to be detected in general. Partial results observed were not dose dependent.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Dinoprost; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fertility; Fertilization; Milk; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic

A planned breeding regimen, using gondadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), prostaglandin F2alpha, and a second dose of GnRH, followed by a fixed time insemination, was evaluated in comparison with a negative control on eight commercial dairy farms in the south of England. Fertility data were collected from the 220 cows in the planned breeding group and from 220 matched control cows inseminated at observed oestrus. The planned regimen induced visible oestrus in the vast majority of the cows, and serving the cows at this oestrus reduced the calving to conception interval by 15 days, resulting in 12 per cent more cows being pregnant by 125 days after calving, and 6 per cent more by 150 days. The results from the individual farms suggested that more benefit may be derived from using the regimen in herds with only average fertility indices. There was also evidence to suggest that the second GnRH injection was important, even in cows that came on heat and were served before the fixed time insemination.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Domestic; Breeding; Cattle; Dinoprost; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Fertility; Fertility Agents, Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Random Allocation

In the present study we have evaluated a possible stress reaction in response to two different PGF2α analogs-luprostiol and D-cloprostenol--and their effects on estrous cycle characteristics. In a cross-over-design eight mares received in alternating order either luprostiol (Treatment LUP; 3.75 mg im), D-cloprostenol (Treatment CLO; 22.5μg im) or saline (Treatment CON; NaCl 0.9% 0.5ml im) on day 8 after ovulation. Injection of either LUP or CLO, but not of CON resulted in a significant decline of progesterone concentration in plasma to baseline concentrations within two days (time: p<0.001, treatment: p<0.01, time × treatment: p<0.05). The treatment to ovulation interval was significantly shorter in LUP and CLO than in CON cycles (LUP: 9.4 ± 0.4 d; CLO: 9.4 ± 1.3 d; CON: 16.1 ± 0.8 d; p<0.001). Injection of either LUP or CLO, but not of CON significantly increased salivary cortisol concentration (immediately before injection: CON 1.3 ± 0.2, LUP 1.4 ± 0.3, CLO 1.4 ± 0.3 ng/ml; 60 min after injection: CON 1.0 ± 0.3, LUP 8.0 ± 1.4, CLO 4.2 ± 0.7 ng/ml; time: p<0.01, treatment: p<0.001, time × treatment: p<0.001). Heart rate decreased over time (p<0.05) independent of treatment and no changes in heart rate variability were detected. Injection of the PGF2α analogs CLO and LUP reliably induced luteolysis and apart from a transient increase in salivary cortisol concentration no signs of a physiological stress response or apparent side effects occurred.

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cloprostenol; Dinoprost; Female; Heart Rate; Horses; Luteal Phase; Luteolysis; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Skin Temperature; Stress, Physiological

Although prostaglandin (PG) F2α analogues are routinely used for oestrus synchronisation in cattle, their effects on the function of the bovine corpus luteum (CL), and on ovarian arterial contractility, may not reflect the physiological effects of endogenous PGF2α. In the first of two related experiments, the effects of different analogues of PGF2α (aPGF2α) on the secretory function and apoptosis of cultured bovine cells of the CL were assessed. Enzymatically-isolated bovine luteal cells (from between days 8 and 12 of the oestrous cycle), were stimulated for 24h with naturally-occurring PGF2α or aPGF2α (dinoprost, cloprostenol or luprostiol). Secretion of progesterone (P4) was determined and cellular [Ca(2+)]i mobilisation, as well as cell viability and apoptosis were measured. Naturally-occurring PGF2α and dinoprost stimulated P4 secretion (P<0.05), whereas cloprostenol and luprostiol did not influence P4 synthesis. The greatest cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects were observed in the luprostiol-treated cells, at 37.3% and 202%, respectively (P<0.001). The greatest effect on [Ca(2+)]i mobilisation in luteal cells was observed post-luprostiol treatment (200%; P<0.001). In a second experiment, the influence of naturally-occurring PGF2α and aPGF2α on ovarian arterial contraction in vitro, were examined. No differences in the effects of dinoprost or naturally-occurring PGF2α were found across the studied parameters. The effects of cloprostenol and luprostiol on luteal cell death, in addition to their effects on ovarian arterial contractility, were much greater than those produced by treatment with naturally-occurring PGF2α.

Topics: Animals; Arteries; Cattle; Cloprostenol; Dinoprost; Female; Luteal Cells; Ovary; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Vasoconstriction

The effect of induction of parturition with a PGF(2)α analog on plasma concentration of prolactin (PRL) and its effects on colostrum concentration of IgG and chitotriosidase (ChT) activity were studied in 16 pregnant Majorera goats. Treated goats, those in which parturition was induced, had greater concentrations of PRL than control goats 24 h before parturition (P < 0.05) and 48 h after parturition (P < 0.05). Control goats had greater concentrations of PRL than treated goats 96 h after parturition (P < 0.05). Plasma concentration of IgG did not differ between groups during the experimental period, but colostrum concentrations of IgG were greater in control goats than in treated goats at parturition (P < 0.05). Plasma ChT activity decreased during the period 72 h before parturition to 24 h after parturition in control and treated goats. Time evolution after partum affected the colostrum ChT activity, being greater at parturition than after parturition in both groups (P < 0.05). In summary, concentration of IgG in colostrum is slightly diminished if parturition is induced. Induction of parturition causes an early increase in PRL, which is most likely responsible for preterm suppression of IgG transport into mammary secretions.

Topics: Animals; Colostrum; Dinoprost; Female; Goats; Hexosaminidases; Immunoglobulin G; Parturition; Pregnancy; Prolactin; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Time Factors

We studied the secretory function of the corpus luteum (CL) in cows following different estrus synchronization protocols. Estrus was synchronized using one (n=4) or two injections (n=5) of prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha); dinoprost), two injections of different analogues of PGF(2alpha) (aPGF(2alpha)), luprostiol (n=5) and cloprostenol (n=5), at eleven-day intervals, a gestagen implant (norgestomet, n=5, for 10 days) or norgestomet together with a subsequent dinoprost injection on the day of implant removal (n=5). CL samples were collected by ovariectomy on Day 7-8 of the estrous cycle. Luteal strips were stimulated with LH (100 ng/ml) or prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2), 10(-6)M) for 24 h in culture media. The progesterone (P(4)) and PGE(2) concentrations in the media were measured by enzyme immunoassay. In the control CL (spontaneous estrus; n=5), LH and PGE(2) stimulated P(4) and PGE(2) (P<0.001). The effects of both factors on P(4) were reduced in the CL following dinoprost- and cloprostenol-synchronized estrus (P<0.05) and were absent in the luprostiol-synchronized CL (P>0.05). In the norgestomet-synchronized CL, the stimulatory effects of LH and PGE(2) were higher compared with the CL synchronized by aPGF(2alpha) (P<0.05). Pharmacological manipulation of the estrous cycle using aPGF(2alpha) may cause lower P(4) secretion. Estrus synchronization inhibited CL sensitivity to luteotropic factors. Therefore, attention should be focused on the estrous synchronization method in both in vivo and in vitro studies of CL functions in cattle.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cloprostenol; Corpus Luteum; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Estrus Synchronization; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Luteinizing Hormone; Pilot Projects; Progesterone; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic

To evaluate the effects of incorporating medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) in an Ovsynch protocol, cyclic lactating dairy cows were assigned randomly to two groups (control and MAP, n=8 each). Ovsynch treatment (Day 0: GnRH, Day 7: PG, Day 9: GnRH) was initiated at random stages of the estrous cycle (control) and an intravaginal polyurethane sponge impregnated with 300mg of MAP was inserted intravaginally in the MAP group at Day 0 and removed at Day 7 of the Ovsynch protocol (MAP treatment). Ovaries were scanned daily from Day 0 until the second GnRH treatment on Day 9 and from then every 6h for 36 h. Milk samples were collected three times weekly starting 17 days before the initiation of treatment to determine the stage of the cycle at the beginning of the Ovsynch protocol. Blood samples were collected to monitor estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), LH, and 15-ketodihydro-PGF(2alpha) (PGFM) by RIA. Response to the first GnRH treatment varied with the stage of the cycle at the time of initiation of treatment, as cows in metestrous and late diestrous did not ovulate. In cows ovulating, growth rate of the new follicle was not affected by the addition of MAP. No treatment differences were found in E2 concentrations which reached a maximum at Day 9, consistent with the maximum follicular size. At Day 7, cows with luteal concentrations of P4 had increased concentrations of PGFM, but cows with basal P4 did not show an active release of prostaglandins. There were no treatment differences in the ovulatory response to the second GnRH-induced ovulation, with 11 of the 16 cows ovulating between 16 and 32 h. The addition of MAP to the Ovsynch protocol could not mimic the normal high progesterone levels needed to prevent premature ovulations in those cows with premature CL regression.

Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Animals; Cattle; Dinoprost; Estradiol; Estrous Cycle; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Hormones; Kinetics; Lactation; Luteinizing Hormone; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; Ovarian Follicle; Ovulation Induction; Progesterone; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic

The present study investigated the effect of genistein, daidzein and estradiol on in vitro rat uterine responsiveness to oxytocin (OT) and PGF(2)alpha or luprostiol (L). In a first experiment, animals were either sham-operated (SH; n=5), or ovariectomized (OVX; n=20) and orally treated for three months with either genistein (G; n=5; 10 microg/g BW/d) or daidzein (D; n=5; 10 microg/g BW/d) or 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (E; n=5; 23 microg/kg BW/d) or untreated (OVX; n=5). At necropsy, the basal uterine tension was lower in OVX, G and D than in SH, the highest value being measured in E. Oxytocin (10(-12); 10(-11) M) or PGF(2)alpha (10(-12); 10(-9) M) induced an increase in SH, but not in OVX, E and G. In D, only the highest doses were efficient. In a second experiment, 20 intact animals were s.c. injected with either genistein (G; n=5; 10 microg/g BW) or daidzein (D; n=5; 10 microg/g BW) or estradiol benzoate (E; n=5; 23 microg/kg BW) or vehicle (C: controls; n=5), and killed 24 h later. In C and E, OT (10(-15) to 10(-10) M) or L (10(-12) to 10(-7) M) stimulated uterine contractile activity in a dose-dependent manner until a maximal level. On the opposite, in G and D, contractile agents (except the highest luprostiol doses) did not stimulate myometrium contractions. Moreover, radioligand binding assays showed that genistein or daidzein inhibited the specific binding of [(3)H] estradiol to the calf uterus estrogen receptor (ER). Therefore, it could be postulated that both genistein and daidzein might bind to the rat uterus ER, inducing either anti-estrogenic or very weak estrogenic effects (depending on the experimental conditions) on in vitro uterine responsiveness to OT and PGF(2)alpha or luprostiol.

Topics: Animals; Dinoprost; Enzyme Inhibitors; Estradiol; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; Female; Genistein; In Vitro Techniques; Isoflavones; Organ Size; Ovariectomy; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Estrogen; Uterine Contraction; Uterus

Topics: Animals; Buserelin; Cattle; Corpus Luteum; Dinoprost; Estradiol; Estrus Synchronization; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Luteal Phase; Progesterone; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Radioimmunoassay

The effects of luteolytic doses of PGF2 alpha (25 mg Dinoprost) and its synthetic analogues Cloprostenol (500 micrograms), Luprostiol (15 mg) and Tiaprost (525 micrograms) on bovine myometrial activity were investigated using a miniature pressure transducer placed in one uterine horn. The compounds were administered intravenously to 4 lactating cyclic cows at diestrus, proestrus, estrus and metestrus. Intrauterine pressure changes were assessed by computerized planimetry of the pressure tracings 30 minutes before and 60 minutes after treatment. Baseline intrauterine pressure was set at zero and treatment effects were expressed as percent change from an equivalent control period (= 100%). Following administration of Dinoprost there was a significant increase of uterine contractility in diestrus (515%), proestrus (198%) and metestrus (256%), but not in estrus. In comparison to PGF2 alpha the analogues Luprostiol and Tiaprost were less effective (Luprostiol: 195% and 154% in diestrus and proestrus resp., Tiaprost: 215% during diestrus), while Cloprostenol did not cause a significant change of intrauterine pressure in any stage of the estrous cycle. The results indicate that the myotonic effects which F2 alpha-prostaglandins exert on the uterus of cycling cows is affected both by the type of prostaglandin and the stage of the estrous cycle.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cloprostenol; Dinoprost; Estrus; Female; Luteolytic Agents; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Thiophenes; Uterine Contraction

Bitches with pyometra were treated with dinoprost, a prostaglandin F-2 alpha-THAM salt or luprostiol, a synthetic PG analogue and oral broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. PGF-2 alpha treatment lasted 2-26 days and dosage varied from 26.8 to 258 micrograms/kg. Clinical cure from symptoms was achieved in 33/40 bitches. Of 14 bitches from which the owners opted to breed, 9 eventually produced litters. Long-term complications were anoestrus, recurrence of metritis, failure to conceive and abortion. One or more of these complications were recorded in 9 of 20 bitches for which long term information was available.

Topics: Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Animals; Dinoprost; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Doxycycline; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endometritis; Female; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Retrospective Studies; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination