dinoprost and caffeine-citrate

Caffeine or ketorolac decrease the risk of retinopathy of prematurity and may act synergistically to improve beneficial effect. Combination of caffeine (Caff) and ketorolac (Keto) to prevent oxygen-induced retinopathy was studied.. Newborn rats exposed to room air (RA) or intermittent hypoxia (IH) consisting of 12% O2 during hyperoxia (50% O2) from birth (P0) had single daily IP injections of Caff from P0-P13 or saline; and/or ocular Keto (Acuvail, 0.45% ophthalmic solution) administered subcutaneously over the eyes from P5-P7. Pups were studied at P14 or placed in RA for recovery from IH (IHR) until P21. Eyes were examined for neovascularization, histopathology, growth factors, and VEGF-signaling genes.. Severe retinal damage noted during IHR in the untreated groups evidenced by hemorrhage, neovascularization, and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) pathologies were prevented with Keto/Caff treatment. Keto and/or Caff treatment in IH also promoted retinal neural development evidenced by eye opening (92%, P < 0.001 vs. 31% in the placebo-treated IH group). No corneal pathologies were noted with Keto.. Caff or Keto given individually reduced retinal neovascularization, but the two drugs given together prevented severe OIR.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apyrase; Arteries; Body Weight; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Choroid; Citrates; Dinoprost; Drug Synergism; Female; Hemorrhage; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Ketorolac; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Oxygen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retina; Retinopathy of Prematurity; Signal Transduction; Time Factors; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1