dinoprost and 1-hydroxypyrene

Persistent oxidative stress predisposes to various non-communicable diseases (NCDs), whose occurrence is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the link between markers of oxidative stress and some risk factors for NCDs in a Zambian cohort.. We assessed oxidative stress by measuring 8-isoprostane (lipid oxidative stress) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (DNA oxidative stress). In addition, we measured mycotoxins (aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A), salt intake estimated from 24-hour sodium excretion calculated using the Tanaka and Kawaski formulae, and 1-hydroxypyrene (a metabolite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). Data on lifestyle risk factors were collected using questionnaires.. Included were 244 participants; 128 (52%) were female and the median age was 48 years (IQR 39-58). The median level of 8-isoprostane was 0.13 ng/mg creatinine (IQR 0.08-0.23) while that of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was 4 ng/mg creatinine (IQR 2-10). The median 24-hour sodium excretion was 21 g (IQR 16-25 g), with none being less than the 5 g recommended by WHO. Unadjusted urinary levels of 8-isoprostane were moderately correlated with 1-hydroxypyrene (Spearman r = 0.30, p<0.001) and estimated 24-hour urine sodium (Spearman r = 0.38, p<0.001). Urinary levels of 8-OHdG were not correlated with 1-hydroxypyrene, estimated 24-hour urine sodium, aflatoxin M1 or ochratoxin A (all p-values >0.05). Using logistic regression, adjusted and unadjusted 8-isoprostanes levels were associated with 1-hydroxypyrene (p = 0.02 and p = 0.001 respectively) and estimated 24-hour urine sodium method (p = 0.003 and p<0.001 respectively). However, only unadjusted 8-OHdG was associated with 1-hydroxypyrene (p = 0.03) and age (p = 0.007).. Estimated 24-hour urinary sodium is high among Zambians and it is associated with lipid but not DNA oxidative stress. High exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is also associated with oxidative stress.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Aflatoxin M1; Aged; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ochratoxins; Oxidative Stress; Pyrenes; Renal Elimination; Sodium; Zambia

The objective of this study was to assess the association between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxidative stress among shipyard workers.. We recruited 82 painting workers in a shipyard and age/sex matched 137 office workers from the same shipyard company. Urine samples were used to assess for 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) as an exposure biomarker for PAHs and to assess for 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (iPF) as a biomarker for oxidative stress. Demographics, smoking, alcohol consumption, and working conditions information were obtained from a questionnaire survey.. Geometric mean concentration (±standard deviation) of urinary 1-OHP among painting workers (587.9 ± 3.45 ng/g creatinine) was approximately 6.9 times higher than that among office workers (85.6 ± 2.09 ng/g creatinine; P value < 0.001). Compared to the office workers (163.5 ± 1.84 ng/g creatinine), the painting workers (190.6 ± 1.64 ng/g creatinine) had significantly higher urinary levels of iPF (P value = 0.044). Smokers had significantly higher urinary levels of iPF than nonsmokers in both painting workers (smokers 217.0 ± 1.63; nonsmokers 159.2 ± 1.52 ng/g creatinine; P value = 0.011) and office workers (smokers 181.3 ± 1.79; nonsmokers 138.4 ± 1.90 ng/g creatinine; P value = 0.015). Smokers among office workers had higher urinary levels of iPF than nonsmokers among painting workers, but difference was not significant.. Our results demonstrated that among shipyard workers, painting works were significantly associated with the exposure to PAHs, compared with the office works. However, iPF should be cautiously used to characterize the oxidative stress associated with the occupational PAHs exposure, because iPF is substantially affected by other factors such as smoking status.

Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Biomarkers; Creatinine; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Occupational Exposure; Occupations; Oxidative Stress; Paint; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Pyrenes; Republic of Korea; Ships; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to induce reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, but the dose-response relationships between exposure to PAHs and oxidative stress levels have not been established. In this study, we recruited 1333 male coke oven workers, monitored the levels of environmental PAHs, and measured internal PAH exposure biomarkers including 12 urinary PAH metabolites and plasma benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,c-10-tetrahydotetrol-albumin (BPDE-Alb) adducts, as well as the two oxidative biomarkers urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-iso-PGF2α). We found that the total concentration of urinary PAH metabolites and plasma BPDE-Alb adducts were both significantly associated with increased 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2α in both smokers and nonsmokers (all p < 0.05). This exposure-response effect was also observed for most PAH metabolites (all p(trend) < 0.01), except for 4-hydroxyphenanthrene and 8-OHdG (p(trend) = 0.108). Furthermore, it was shown that only urinary 1-hydroxypyrene has a significant positive association with both 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2α after a Bonferroni correction (p < 0.005). Our results indicated that urinary ΣOH-PAHs and plasma BPDE-Alb adducts can result in significant dose-related increases in oxidative damage to DNA and lipids. Furthermore, when a multianalyte method is unavailable, our findings demonstrate that urinary 1-hydroxypyrene is a useful biomarker for evaluating total PAHs exposure and assessing oxidative damage in coke oven workers.

Topics: 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide; 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Biomarkers; Coke; Deoxyguanosine; Dinoprost; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Exposure; Oxidative Stress; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Pyrenes; Serum Albumin; Young Adult

To determine the potential for asphalt fume exposure to increase DNA damage, we conducted a cross-sectional study of roofers involved in the application of roofing asphalt.. DNA strand breaks and the ratio of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) to 2-deoxyguanosine (dG) were measured in peripheral blood leukocytes of roofers. In addition, urinary excretion of 8-OHdG and 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-epi-PGF) was also measured. The study population consisted of 26 roofers exposed to roofing asphalt and 15 construction workers not exposed to asphalt during the past 5 years. A subset of asphalt roofers (n = 19) was exposed to coal-tar pitch dust (coal tar) during removal of existing roofs prior to applying hot asphalt. Personal air monitoring was performed for one work-week to measure exposure to total particulates, benzene-soluble fraction of total particulates, and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). Urinary 1-OH-pyrene levels were measured as an internal biomarker of PAC exposure.. Full-shift breathing zone measurements for total particulates, benzene-solubles and PACs were significantly higher for coal-tar exposed workers than for roofers not exposed to coal tar. Similarly, urinary 1-OH-pyrene levels were higher in coal-tar exposed roofers than roofers not exposed to coal tar. Total particulates or benzene-soluble fractions were not associated with urinary 1-OH-pyrene, but PAC exposure was highly correlated with urinary 1-OH-pyrene. When stratified by 1-OH-pyrene excretion, DNA strand breaks increased in a dose-dependent manner, and leukocyte 8-OHdG/dG decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Significant changes in DNA damage appeared to be linked to PACs from coal-tar exposure, although asphalt fume alone was associated with a small but significant increase in urinary 1-OH-pyrene and DNA strand breaks.. Results are consistent with previous reports that asphalt or coal-tar exposure can cause DNA damage. Urinary 8-epi-PGF remained relatively constant during the week for virtually all subjects, regardless of exposure indicating that neither asphalt nor coal-tar exposure induces an overt oxidative stress. A small, but statistically significant increase in 8OHdG was evident in end-of-week urine samples compared with start-of-week urine samples in roofers exposed to coal-tar. The increase in urinary 8OHdG coupled with the decrease in leukocyte 8-OHdG/dG, suggests that coal-tar exposure induces protective or repair mechanisms that result in reduced levels of steady-state oxidative-DNA damage.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Construction Materials; Deoxyguanosine; Dinoprost; DNA Damage; Dust; Humans; Hydrocarbons; Leukocytes; Middle Aged; Occupational Exposure; Oxidative Stress; Pyrenes; Smoking; United States