diniconazole and hexaconazole

In the present study, a ternary phase solvent extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was developed for the extraction of diazinon, haloxyfop-

Topics: Cheese; Chromatography, Gas; Diazinon; Liquid Phase Microextraction; Solvents

The widespread application of triazole fungicides makes people attach great concern over its adverse effects in mammalian. In this paper, cytotoxic effects of triazole alcohol fungicides (TAFs) were assessed on human HeLa, A549, HCT116 and K562 cells, and the potential mechanism of TAFs cytotoxicity was studied preliminarily. Results showed that TAFs had cytotoxicity on human cells with different level and cytotoxic selectivity. TAFs cytotoxicity was resonated with a typical hormetic biphasic dose action that produced a complex pattern of stimulatory or inhibitory effects on cell viability. Among the five TAFs, diniconazole revealed a widest range of cytotoxicity to inhibit the viability of the adherent and the suspension cells, causing HeLa cells shrinkage, A549 cells shrunken, and K562 cells collapse, and showed stronger cytotoxicity than hexaconazole. Moreover, the involvement of ROS generation in the cytotoxicity of TAFs on human cells was observed, and the apoptosis of HeLa cells and the formation of apoptotic body in K562 cells induced by diniconazole were characterized. The results indicated the cytotoxicity of TAFs with different structures on human cells was depended on their own property and cell specificity, K562 cells were the most susceptible to TAFs and diniconazole was the strongest toxic.

Topics: A549 Cells; Apoptosis; Cell Survival; Fungicides, Industrial; HCT116 Cells; HeLa Cells; Humans; K562 Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Toxicity Tests; Triazoles

A rapid and sensitive multi-residue method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of eight chiral pesticides (including diniconazole, metalaxyl, paclobutrazol, epoxiconazole, myclobutanil, hexaconazole, napropamide and isocarbophos) at enantiomeric levels in environmental soils and sediments using chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based on a combined pretreatment of matrix solid-phase dispersion and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (MSPD-DLLME). Under optimized conditions, 0.1 g of solid sample was dispersed with 0.4 g of C18-bonded silica sorbent, and 3 mL of methanol was used for eluting the analytes. The collected eluant was dried and then further purified by DLLME with 550 μL of dichloromethane and 960 μL of acetonitrile as extraction and disperser solvent, respectively. The established method was validated and found to be linear, precise, and accurate over the concentration range of 2-500 ng g

Topics: Acetonitriles; Chromatography, Liquid; Epoxy Compounds; Limit of Detection; Liquid Phase Microextraction; Nitriles; Pesticides; Rivers; Soil Pollutants; Stereoisomerism; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Triazoles; Water Pollutants, Chemical

A simple, rapid, highly efficient, and reliable sample preparation method has been developed for the extraction and analysis of triazole pesticides from cucumber, lettuce, bell pepper, cabbage, and tomato samples. This new sorbent in the hollow-fiber solid-phase microextraction method is based on the synthesis of polyethylene glycol-polyethylene glycol grafted flower-like cupric oxide nanoparticles using sol-gel technology. Afterward, the analytes were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The main parameters that affect microextraction efficiency were evaluated and optimized. This method has afforded good linearity ranges (0.5-50 000 ng/mL for hexaconazol, 0.012-50 000 ng/mL for penconazol, and 0.02-50 000 ng/mL for diniconazol), adequate precision (2.9-6.17%, n = 3), batch-to-batch reproducibility (4.33-8.12%), and low instrumental LODs between 0.003 and 0.097 ng/mL (n = 8). Recoveries and enrichment factors were 85.46-97.47 and 751-1312%, respectively.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Copper; Food Contamination; Limit of Detection; Pesticides; Polyethylene Glycols; Solid Phase Microextraction; Triazoles; Vegetables

In this work, a core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2@MOF/TiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized and used to as adsorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of triazole fungicides from environmental water samples. Five triazole fungicides, namely, triadimenol, hexaconazole, diniconazole, myclobutanil, and tebuconazole, were selected as target analytes for MSPE. These analytes were quantitatively adsorbed on microspheres, and the sorbents were separated from the solution by using a magnet. The analytes were desorbed by methanol and determined through liquid-chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The extraction parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized through response surface methodology. The limits of detection and limits of quantification for the selected fungicides were 0.19-1.20ngL(-1) and 0.61-3.62ngL(-1), respectively. The proposed method was applied to determine the concentration of fungicides in actual environmental water samples. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by measuring the recovery of the spiked samples. The satisfying recoveries of the four water samples ranged from 90.2% to 104.2%. Therefore, the magnetic metal-organic framework/TiO2 nanocomposite based MSPE is a potential approach to analyze fungicides in actual water samples.

Topics: Adsorption; Chromatography, Liquid; Fungicides, Industrial; Nanocomposites; Silicon Dioxide; Solid Phase Extraction; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Titanium; Triazoles; Water Pollutants, Chemical

This study used chiral columns packed with 3-μm and 5-μm particles to comparatively separate enantiomers of 9 triazole fungicides, and Lux Cellulose-1 columns with chiral stationary phase of cellulose-tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) were used on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with flow rates of 0.3 and 1.0 mL min(-1) for 3-μm and 5-μm columns, respectively. The (+)-enantiomers of hexaconazole (1), tetraconazole (4), myclobutanil (7), fenbuconazole (8) and the (-)-enantiomers of flutriafol (2), diniconazole (3), epoxiconazole (5), penconazole (6), triadimefon (9) were firstly eluted from both columns, the elution orders identified with an optical rotation detector didn't change with variety of column particles and mobile phases (acetronitrile/water and methanol/water). The plots of natural logarithms of the selectivity factors (ln α) for all fungicides except penconazole (6) versus the inverse of temperature (1/T) were linear in range of 5-40°C. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°, ΔS°, ΔΔH° and ΔΔS°) were calculated using Van't Hoff equations to understand the thermosynamic driving forces for enantioseparation. This work will be very helpful to obtain good enantiomeric separation and establish more efficient analytical method for triazole fungicides. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Topics: Animals; Chlorobenzenes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Epoxy Compounds; Fungicides, Industrial; Mice; Nitriles; Particle Size; Stereoisomerism; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Triazoles

Dermal absorption experiments form an important component in the assessment of risk from exposure to pesticides and other substances. Much dermal absorption data is gathered in rat experiments carried out using a certain standard protocol. Uncertainties in these data arise from many sources and can be quite large. For example, measurements of the systemic absorption of hexaconazole differed by more than an order of magnitude within a single experiment. Two diniconazole studies produced quite different results, due to minor differences in protocol and in chemical formulation. Limits of detection can also prevent accurate measurement when the amounts absorbed are small. These examples illustrate the need for measuring and reporting uncertainties in estimates that are based on these data. The most direct way to estimate uncertainty is to compute the sample standard deviations of replicate measurements. By pooling these estimates across dose and duration groups for which they are similar, the number of degrees of freedom is increased, and more precise confidence intervals can be obtained. In particular, the ratio of upper to lower 95% confidence limits was reduced by as much as ten-fold for hexaconazole, seven-fold for uniconazole, and nearly four-fold for propiconazole.

Topics: Absorption; Animals; Confidence Intervals; Male; Models, Biological; Pesticides; Rats; Risk Assessment; Skin; Triazoles