dilazep and dipyridamole

dilazep has been researched along with dipyridamole in 84 studies

Research

Studies (84)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	43 (51.19)	18.7374
1990's	20 (23.81)	18.2507
2000's	17 (20.24)	29.6817
2010's	3 (3.57)	24.3611
2020's	1 (1.19)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Creveling, CR; Daly, JW; Lewandowski, GA; McNeal, ET	1
Balzarini, J; Borst, P; De Haas, M; Reid, G; Van Deemter, L; Wielinga, P; Wijnholds, J; Zelcer, N	1
Heitman, LH; IJzerman, AP; Vlachodimou, A	1
Kolassa, N; Stengg, R; Turnheim, K	1
Coleman, RA	1
Cass, CE; Janowska-Wieczorek, A; King, KM; Montaño, JT	1
Domin, BA; Hajian, G; Koszalka, GW; Mahony, WB; Porter, DJ; Zimmerman, TP	1
Dagnino, L; Paterson, AR	1
Van Belle, H; Ver Donck, K; Wynants, J	1
Van Belle, H; Ver Donck, KL; Verheyen, WJ	1
Averett, DR; Prus, KL; Zimmerman, TP	1
Barraco, RA; DeLong, RE; Phillis, JW; Washington, DO	1
Asanuma, A; Fujii, M; Nobuyoshi, M; Takimoto, M; Tanaka, M	1
Meghji, P; Rubio, R; Tuttle, JB	1
Christopherson, RI; Gero, AM; O'Sullivan, WJ; Scott, HV	1
Gero, AM	1
Agarwal, KC; Maitra, RS; Zielinski, BA	1
Agarwal, KC; Buckley, RS; Parks, RE	1
Berne, RM; Meghji, P; Rubio, R	1
Geiger, JD; Johnston, ME	1
Agarwal, KC; Dawicki, DD; Parks, RE	3
Gudenzi, M; Mustafa, SJ; Nakagawa, Y	3
Plagemann, PG; Woffendin, C; Wohlhueter, RM	1
Jarvis, SM; Lee, CW	1
Plagemann, PG; Woffendin, C	1
Geiger, JD; Johnston, ME; Yago, V	1
Plagemann, PG	1
Cha, S; el Kouni, MH	1
Cha, S; el Kouni, MH; Messier, NJ	1
Kraupp, M; Plagemann, PG	1
Acampora, R; Filippelli, A; Iarussi, D; Lampa, E; Marmo, E; Matera, C; Soreca, S; Tortora, G	1
Shi, MM; Young, JD	1
Agarwal, KC; Chen, SF; Dawicki, DD; Parks, RE; Stoeckler, JD	1
Sanderson, G; Scholfield, CN	1
Inage, H; Koyama, A; Narita, M; Tojo, S	1
Fredholm, BB; Hedqvist, P; Lindström, K; Wennmalm, M	1
Clanachan, AS; Williams, EF	1
Nagakura, M; Nakajima, K; Tsukamoto, M; Yamamoto, S	1
Fredholm, BB; Gustafsson, L; Hedqvist, P	1
Jarvis, SM; Young, JD	1
Asano, M; Ito, C; Niho, T; Ohnishi, H; Shimora, M; Suzuki, K; Yamaguchi, K	1
Nakajima, K	1
Fredholm, BB; Lerner, U	1
Bizzi, B; Leone, G; Traisci, G; Valori, VM	1
Fredholm, BB; Sollevi, A	2
Kobayashi, T; Mizutani, K; Sone, T; Watanabe, T; Yamamoto, M	1
Delander, GE; Keil, GJ	1
Sasvari-Szekely, M; Solymossy, M; Staub, M; Szikla, K	1
Foga, IO; Geiger, JD; Gu, JG; Parkinson, FE	1
Lee, CW	1
Griffith, DA; Jarvis, SM	1
Geiger, JD; Gu, JG; Kala, G	1
Cass, CE; Fang, X; Mowles, DA; Parkinson, FE; Young, JD	1
Geiger, JD; Gu, JG; Nath, A	1
Geiger, JD; Mukherjee, K; Parkinson, FE	1
Baldwin, SA; Cass, CE; Griffiths, M; Muzyka, WR; Ng, AM; Yao, SY; Young, JD	1
Funaya, H; Hori, M; Kitakaze, M; Komamura, K; Koretsune, Y; Kuzuya, T; Minamino, T; Node, K	1
Akimoto, H; Arai, T; Kojima, K; Masaoka, H; Nagase, M; Nakamura, K; Shirai, M; Usutani, S; Yamamoto, M	1
Baldwin, SA; Cass, CE; Hogue, DL; Mani, RS; Sundaram, M; Vickers, MF; Young, JD	1
Hosoya, T; Kuriyama, S; Tomonari, H	1
Camarasa, J; Camins, A; Escubedo, E; Jiménez, A; Lladó, S; Pallàs, M; Pubill, D	1
Baldwin, SA; Cass, CE; Hyde, RJ; McConkey, GA; McRobert, L; Parker, MD; Yao, SY; Young, JD	1
Baldwin, SA; Carpenter, P; Cass, CE; Chen, XZ; Graham, K; Hyde, RJ; Karpinski, E; Loewen, SK; Mowles, DA; Ng, AM; Ritzel, MW; Ritzel, RG; Smith, KM; Yao, SY; Young, JD	1
Baldwin, SA; Cass, CE; Ng, AM; Vickers, MF; Visser, F; Young, JD	1
Bilan, PJ; Coe, IR; Shuralyova, I; Sweeney, G; Tajmir, P	1
Endres, CJ; Sengupta, DJ; Unadkat, JD	1
SenGupta, DJ; Unadkat, JD	1
Archer, RG; Hammond, JR; McConnell, K; Stolk, M	1
Day, A; Lawrence, AJ; Ledent, C; Snell, BJ	1
Archer, RG; Hammond, JR; Pitelka, V	1
Zhou, H	1
Baldwin, SA; Cass, CE; Raborn, RT; Visser, F; Young, JD; Zhang, J	1
Kuwahara, T; Morimoto, T; Shikata, S; Taji, Y	1
Bone, DB; Hammond, JR	1
Kajiya, F; Nakamoto, H; Ogasawara, Y	1
Baldwin, SA; Cass, CE; Damaraju, V; Paproski, RJ; Tackaberry, T; Visser, F; Young, JD; Zhang, J	1
Buolamwini, JK; Cheema, T; Li, Q; Martuza, RL; Noah, JW; Passer, BJ; Rabkin, SD; Razmjoo, M; Sarte, J; Wakimoto, H; Wu, CL; Wu, S; Yen, Y; Zaupa, C; Zhou, B	1
Chern, Y; Ferré, S; Guitart, X	1
Heitman, LH; IJzerman, AP; Konstantinopoulou, K; Vlachodimou, A	1

Reviews

3 review(s) available for dilazep and dipyridamole

Article	Year
Nucleoside and nucleobase transport in animal cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1988, Oct-11, Volume: 947, Issue:3 Topics: Adenine; Algorithms; Animals; Biological Transport; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Hypoxanthine; Hypoxanthines; Kinetics; Lidoflazine; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; Nucleosides; Temperature; Thioinosine; Thionucleosides	1988
Nucleoside transport in animal cells. Bioscience reports, 1983, Volume: 3, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Diazepam; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Erythrocyte Membrane; Erythrocytes; Humans; Inosine; Kinetics; Membrane Proteins; Models, Molecular; Nucleosides; Papaverine; Species Specificity; Thioinosine; Uridine	1983
Meta-analysis of antiplatelet therapy for IgA nephropathy. Clinical and experimental nephrology, 2006, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Humans; Kidney Function Tests; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Proteinuria; Trimetazidine	2006

Trials

1 trial(s) available for dilazep and dipyridamole

Article	Year
Elevation of plasma adenosine levels may attenuate the severity of chronic heart failure. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 1998, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Adenosine; Adult; Aged; Cardiac Output, Low; Chronic Disease; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Humans; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Vasodilator Agents	1998

Other Studies

80 other study(ies) available for dilazep and dipyridamole

Article	Year
[3H]Batrachotoxinin A 20 alpha-benzoate binding to voltage-sensitive sodium channels: a rapid and quantitative assay for local anesthetic activity in a variety of drugs. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 1985, Volume: 28, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Batrachotoxins; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cyclic AMP; Guinea Pigs; Histamine H1 Antagonists; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Neurotoxins; Sodium; Tranquilizing Agents; Tritium	1985
Characterization of the transport of nucleoside analog drugs by the human multidrug resistance proteins MRP4 and MRP5. Molecular pharmacology, 2003, Volume: 63, Issue:5 Topics: Acrylates; Biological Transport; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Humans; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins; Nucleosides; Polymers	2003
Label-free detection of transporter activity via GPCR signalling in living cells: A case for SLC29A1, the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1. Scientific reports, 2019, 09-24, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; Humans; Ligands; Membrane Transport Proteins; Osteosarcoma; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Receptors, Purinergic P1; Signal Transduction	2019
Influence of hexobendine, dipyridamole, dilazep, lidoflazine, inosine and purine riboside on adenosine uptake by the isolated epithelium of guinea pig jejunum. Pharmacology, 1978, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Epithelium; Guinea Pigs; Hexobendine; Inosine; Intestinal Absorption; Jejunum; Lidoflazine; Piperazines; Purines; Vasodilator Agents	1978
Effects of some purine derivatives on the guinea-pig trachea and their interaction with drugs that block adenosine uptake. British journal of pharmacology, 1976, Volume: 57, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Depression, Chemical; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Drug Interactions; Guinea Pigs; Hexobendine; In Vitro Techniques; Parasympatholytics; Propranolol; Purine Nucleosides; Trachea	1976
A comparison of the abilities of nitrobenzylthioinosine, dilazep, and dipyridamole to protect human hematopoietic cells from 7-deazaadenosine (tubercidin). Cancer research, 1992, Nov-01, Volume: 52, Issue:21 Topics: Adenosine; Colony-Forming Units Assay; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Thioinosine; Tubercidin; Tumor Cells, Cultured	1992
Membrane permeation characteristics of 5'-modified thymidine analogs. Molecular pharmacology, 1992, Volume: 41, Issue:5 Topics: Antiviral Agents; Biological Transport; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Erythrocyte Membrane; Erythrocytes; Humans; Kinetics; Nucleosides; Purines; Pyrimidines; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Thymidine; Tritium; Zidovudine	1992
Sodium-dependent and equilibrative nucleoside transport systems in L1210 mouse leukemia cells: effect of inhibitors of equilibrative systems on the content and retention of nucleosides. Cancer research, 1990, Oct-15, Volume: 50, Issue:20 Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Formycins; Leukemia L1210; Mice; Nucleosides; Sodium; Thioinosine; Vidarabine; Vidarabine Phosphate	1990
Comparison of the existing nucleoside transport inhibitors: in vitro and in vivo data. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1991, Volume: 309A Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Epinephrine; Erythrocytes; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Nucleosides; Phosphates; Piperazines; Rabbits; Thioinosine	1991
Nucleoside transport inhibition and fMLP-stimulated whole blood luminescence. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology, 1991, Volume: 23, Issue:7 Topics: Adenosine; Biological Transport; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Humans; Luminescent Measurements; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; Neutrophils; Piperazines; Respiratory Burst	1991
Transport and metabolism of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine in a human T-lymphoblastoid cell line: nitrobenzylthioinosine-sensitive and -insensitive influx. Cancer research, 1990, Mar-15, Volume: 50, Issue:6 Topics: Arabinonucleosides; Biological Transport; Cell Division; Cell Line; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Erythrocytes; Humans; Inosine; Kinetics; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell; Purines; Ribonucleosides; Thioinosine; Tubercidin; Tumor Cells, Cultured	1990
Behavioral characteristics of centrally administered adenosine analogs. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1986, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Adenosine; Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors; Animals; Caffeine; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Motor Activity	1986
Thrombus formation on the aorta injured by angioplasty and its prevention with dilazep in atherosclerotic rabbits. Thrombosis research, 1989, Jun-15, Volume: 54, Issue:6 Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon; Animals; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Azepines; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Platelet Count; Rabbits; Thrombosis	1989
Adenosine formation and release by embryonic chick neurons and glia in cell culture. Journal of neurochemistry, 1989, Volume: 53, Issue:6 Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine; Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Deoxyglucose; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Hexobendine; Inosine Monophosphate; Neuroglia; Neurons; Oligomycins; Purines	1989
Antimalarial action of nitrobenzylthioinosine in combination with purine nucleoside antimetabolites. Molecular and biochemical parasitology, 1989, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Aminoglycosides; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Erythrocytes; Guanosine; Humans; Inosine; Molecular Structure; Nucleosides; Plasmodium falciparum; Thioinosine; Thionucleosides; Tubercidin	1989
Induction of nucleoside transport sites into the host cell membrane of Babesia bovis infected erythrocytes. Molecular and biochemical parasitology, 1989, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Babesia; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Cattle; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Erythrocyte Membrane; Erythrocytes; Guanosine; Humans; Kinetics; Phloretin; Phlorhizin; Thioinosine; Thionucleosides; Verapamil	1989
Significance of plasma adenosine in the antiplatelet activity of forskolin: potentiation by dipyridamole and dilazep. Thrombosis and haemostasis, 1989, Feb-28, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Deaminase; Animals; Azepines; Colforsin; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Drug Synergism; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Rats	1989
Role of plasma adenosine in the antiplatelet action of HL 725, a potent inhibitor of cAMP phosphodiesterase: species differences. Thrombosis research, 1987, Jul-15, Volume: 47, Issue:2 Topics: 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; Adenosine; Adenosine Deaminase; Animals; Blood Platelets; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Drug Synergism; Humans; Isoquinolines; Male; Mopidamol; Platelet Aggregation; Pyrimidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Species Specificity; Tetrahydroisoquinolines	1987
Intracellular adenosine formation and its carrier-mediated release in cultured embryonic chick heart cells. Life sciences, 1988, Volume: 43, Issue:23 Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Adenosine; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Deoxyglucose; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Heart; Hexobendine; Membrane Proteins; Myocardium; Nucleoside Transport Proteins; Nucleotidases; Nucleotides; Oligomycins; Oxygen	1988
Sodium-dependent uptake of nucleosides by dissociated brain cells from the rat. Journal of neurochemistry, 1989, Volume: 52, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Brain; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Kinetics; Male; Nucleosides; Ouabain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Thioinosine; Uridine	1989
Potentiation of the antiplatelet action of adenosine in whole blood by dipyridamole or dilazep and the cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, RA 233. Thrombosis research, 1986, Jul-15, Volume: 43, Issue:2 Topics: 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; Adenosine; Azepines; Biological Transport, Active; Blood Platelets; Cyclic AMP; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Drug Synergism; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Mopidamol; Nucleosides; Platelet Aggregation; Pyrimidines	1986
Calcium entry blocking activity of dilazep in dog coronary artery. Pharmacology, 1986, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Adenine; Adenosine; Adenosine Deaminase; Animals; Arteries; Azepines; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Coronary Vessels; Dilazep; Diltiazem; Dipyridamole; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Lidoflazine; Male; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Potassium; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Purinergic; Theophylline	1986
Nucleoside transport in rat cerebral-cortical synaptosomes. Evidence for two types of nucleoside transporters. The Biochemical journal, 1988, Jan-15, Volume: 249, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cerebral Cortex; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Male; Nucleosides; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes; Thioinosine; Uridine	1988
Adenosine metabolism in human whole blood. Effects of nucleoside transport inhibitors and phosphate concentration. Biochemical pharmacology, 1988, Feb-15, Volume: 37, Issue:4 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Deaminase; Adenosine Kinase; Biological Transport; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Humans; Phosphates; Thioinosine	1988
Species differences in sensitivity of nucleoside transport in erythrocytes and cultured cells to inhibition by nitrobenzylthioinosine, dipyridamole, dilazep and lidoflazine. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1988, Apr-02, Volume: 969, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Azepines; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Erythrocytes; Humans; Inosine; Lidoflazine; Membrane Proteins; Nucleoside Transport Proteins; Piperazines; Species Specificity; Thioinosine; Uridine	1988
Pharmacological characterization of rapidly accumulated adenosine by dissociated brain cells from adult rat. Journal of neurochemistry, 1988, Volume: 51, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Inosine; Kinetics; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Thioinosine; Uridine	1988
Transport and metabolism of adenosine in human erythrocytes: effect of transport inhibitors and regulation by phosphate. Journal of cellular physiology, 1986, Volume: 128, Issue:3 Topics: Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase; Adenosine; Adenosine Kinase; Biological Transport; Coformycin; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Erythrocytes; Humans; Pentostatin; Phosphates; Phosphorylation; Thioinosine	1986
Metabolism of adenosine analogues by Schistosoma mansoni and the effect of nucleoside transport inhibitors. Biochemical pharmacology, 1987, Apr-01, Volume: 36, Issue:7 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Biological Transport; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Kinetics; Nucleosides; Schistosoma mansoni; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thioinosine; Thionucleotides; Uracil	1987
Treatment of schistosomiasis by purine nucleoside analogues in combination with nucleoside transport inhibitors. Biochemical pharmacology, 1987, Nov-15, Volume: 36, Issue:22 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Biological Transport; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Mice; Purine Nucleosides; Ribonucleosides; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Thioinosine; Thionucleotides; Toyocamycin; Tubercidin; Uracil	1987
Calcium entry blocking activity of adenosine potentiating compounds in guinea pig taenia coli. Pharmacological research communications, 1986, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Colon; Dilazep; Diltiazem; Dipyridamole; Drug Synergism; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Lidoflazine; Male; Muscle, Smooth; Nifedipine; Potassium; Vasodilator Agents; Verapamil	1986
Inhibition of nucleoside and nucleobase transport and nitrobenzylthioinosine binding by dilazep and hexobendine. Biochemical pharmacology, 1986, Aug-01, Volume: 35, Issue:15 Topics: Animals; Azepines; Benzoates; Biological Transport; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Line; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Erythrocytes; Hexobendine; Humans; Hypoxanthine; Hypoxanthines; Inosine; Mice; Nucleosides; Rats; Thioinosine; Uridine	1986
Experimental documentation of presence of purinergic receptors at human atria. International journal of tissue reactions, 1986, Volume: 8, Issue:5 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Aminophylline; Atrial Function; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Heart; Heart Atria; Heart Rate; Humans; Kinetics; Myocardial Contraction; Organ Culture Techniques; Quinidine; Receptors, Purinergic	1986
[3H]dipyridamole binding to nucleoside transporters from guinea-pig and rat lung. The Biochemical journal, 1986, Dec-15, Volume: 240, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Carrier Proteins; Cell Membrane; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Guinea Pigs; Lidoflazine; Lung; Male; Membrane Proteins; Nucleoside Transport Proteins; Nucleosides; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thioinosine	1986
Role of nucleoside transport in drug action. The adenosine deaminase inhibitor, deoxycoformycin, and the antiplatelet drugs, dipyridamole and dilazep. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1985, Volume: 451 Topics: Adenosine Deaminase; Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors; Azepines; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Line; Coformycin; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Enzyme Reactivators; Erythrocytes; Humans; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Mathematics; Nucleoside Deaminases; Nucleosides; Pentostatin; Platelet Aggregation; Ribonucleosides	1985
Effects of adenosine uptake blockers and adenosine on evoked potentials of guinea-pig olfactory cortex. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 1986, Volume: 406, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Deaminase; Animals; Diazepam; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Evoked Potentials; Flurazepam; Guanosine; Guinea Pigs; Hexobendine; In Vitro Techniques; Limbic System; Olfactory Pathways; Thioinosine; Thionucleosides	1986
Calcium entry blocking activity of dilazep and other adenosine potentiating compounds in guinea-pig atria. European journal of pharmacology, 1986, Mar-11, Volume: 122, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Deaminase; Animals; Azepines; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Heart Atria; Isoproterenol; Lidoflazine; Myocardial Contraction; Theophylline	1986
Role of adenosine uptake and metabolism by blood cells in the antiplatelet actions of dipyridamole, dilazep and nitrobenzylthioinosine. Biochemical pharmacology, 1985, Nov-15, Volume: 34, Issue:22 Topics: Adenosine; Azepines; Blood Platelets; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Erythrocytes; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Inosine; Mopidamol; Platelet Aggregation; Thioinosine	1985
Effects of the antiplatelet agents, dipyridamole and dilazep dihydrochloride, on in vivo platelet function and proteinuria. Nihon Jinzo Gakkai shi, 1985, Volume: 27, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azepines; Blood Platelets; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Proteinuria	1985
Release of nucleosides and nucleotides from the rabbit heart by sympathetic nerve stimulation. Acta physiologica Scandinavica, 1982, Volume: 116, Issue:3 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Deaminase; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Electric Stimulation; Heart; Hypoxanthines; Inosine; Myocardium; Norepinephrine; Nucleosides; Nucleotides; Phentolamine; Propranolol; Rabbits; Sympathetic Nervous System	1982
Saturable, high affinity binding of the nucleoside transport inhibitor, nitrobenzylthioinosine, to guinea pig cardiac membranes. European journal of pharmacology, 1983, Jan-28, Volume: 87, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Female; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Inosine; Membranes; Myocardium; Thioinosine	1983
Effects of dilazep on fibrinolytic system in animals. I. Enhancement of fibrinolytic activity by administered dilazep in ex vivo experiment. Journal of pharmacobio-dynamics, 1982, Volume: 5, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Azepines; Dextran Sulfate; Dextrans; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Dogs; Fibrinolysis; Guinea Pigs; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Plasminogen Activators; Time Factors	1982
Theophylline interferes with the modulatory role of endogenous adenosine on cholinergic neurotransmission in guinea pig ileum. Acta physiologica Scandinavica, 1981, Volume: 111, Issue:3 Topics: 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone; Animals; Cholinergic Fibers; Cyclopentanes; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; Male; Muscle Contraction; Nucleosides; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Pyrrolidinones; Rolipram; Synaptic Transmission; Theophylline	1981
Effect of antianginal agents on arteriolar diameter in normal and cholesterol-fed rabbits. International journal of microcirculation, clinical and experimental, 1984, Volume: 3, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Arteries; Arterioles; Cholesterol, Dietary; Dilazep; Diltiazem; Dipyridamole; Hemodynamics; Nifedipine; Nitroglycerin; Rabbits; Trapidil; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents	1984
Effects of dilazep on fibrinolytic system in animals. II. Enhancing effect of dilazep on plasminogen activator release in the isolated perfused pig ear. Journal of pharmacobio-dynamics, 1982, Volume: 5, Issue:5 Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Azepines; Bradykinin; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Ear, External; Fibrinolysis; Histamine; In Vitro Techniques; Plasminogen Activators; Swine; Vasodilator Agents	1982
Metabolism of adenosine and 2'-deoxy-adenosine by fetal mouse calvaria in culture. Medical biology, 1982, Volume: 60, Issue:5 Topics: Adenine; Adenosine; Animals; Bone and Bones; Culture Media; Deoxyadenosines; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Hypoxanthine; Hypoxanthines; Inosine; Mice; Organ Culture Techniques	1982
A comparative study on the effect of dilazep and dipyridamole on some platelet functions. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1982, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Azepines; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Female; Fibrinogen; Humans; Male; Malondialdehyde; Middle Aged; Partial Thromboplastin Time; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Count; Prothrombin Time; Time Factors	1982
Role of adenosine in adipose tissue circulation. Acta physiologica Scandinavica, 1981, Volume: 112, Issue:3 Topics: Adenine; Adenosine; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Capillary Permeability; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Dogs; Female; Inosine; Vascular Resistance; Vasodilator Agents	1981
The antilipolytic effect of endogenous and exogenous adenosine in canine adipose tissue in situ. Acta physiologica Scandinavica, 1981, Volume: 113, Issue:1 Topics: 2-Chloroadenosine; Adenine; Adenosine; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Dogs; Female; Lipolysis	1981
A study on the noninvasive evaluation of coronary vasodilating drugs with Thallium-201 myocardial imagings. Japanese heart journal, 1981, Volume: 22, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Angina Pectoris; Cardiac Output; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Coronary Vessels; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Humans; Isosorbide Dinitrate; Myocardial Infarction; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Thallium; Vasodilator Agents	1981
Time-dependent antinociceptive interactions between opioids and nucleoside transport inhibitors. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1995, Volume: 274, Issue:3 Topics: Adenosine; Analgesics; Animals; Biological Transport; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Narcotics; Nucleosides; Receptors, Opioid; Thioinosine; Time Factors	1995
Nucleoside transport and metabolism in lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear cells and cerebral synaptosomes. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1994, Volume: 370 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Biological Transport; Cerebral Cortex; Child; Deoxycytidine; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; DNA; Humans; Kinetics; Lymphocytes; Neutrophils; Nucleosides; Palatine Tonsil; Papaverine; Rats; Synaptosomes; Thioinosine; Thymidine; Uridine	1994
Involvement of bidirectional adenosine transporters in the release of L-[3H]adenosine from rat brain synaptosomal preparations. Journal of neurochemistry, 1995, Volume: 64, Issue:5 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Kinetics; Male; Membrane Proteins; Nucleoside Transport Proteins; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes; Thioinosine; Tritium	1995
Decrease in equilibrative uridine transport during monocytic differentiation of HL-60 leukaemia: involvement of protein kinase C. The Biochemical journal, 1994, Jun-01, Volume: 300 ( Pt 2) Topics: Affinity Labels; Alkaloids; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Cell Differentiation; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Humans; Kinetics; Leukemia; Monocytes; Protein Kinase C; Staurosporine; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Thioinosine; Thymidine; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Uracil; Uridine	1994
High affinity sodium-dependent nucleobase transport in cultured renal epithelial cells (LLC-PK1). The Journal of biological chemistry, 1993, Sep-25, Volume: 268, Issue:27 Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cations, Monovalent; Cell Line; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Epithelium; Hypoxanthine; Hypoxanthines; Kidney; Kinetics; Nucleosides; Purines; Pyrimidines; Sodium; Thioinosine; Tritium	1993
[3H]adenosine transport in synaptoneurosomes of postmortem human brain. Journal of neurochemistry, 1993, Volume: 60, Issue:6 Topics: Adenine; Adenosine; Aged; Biological Transport; Cadaver; Cerebral Cortex; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Synaptosomes; Time Factors; Tritium; Tubercidin	1993
Functional characterization of a recombinant sodium-dependent nucleoside transporter with selectivity for pyrimidine nucleosides (cNT1rat) by transient expression in cultured mammalian cells. The Biochemical journal, 1996, Jul-15, Volume: 317 ( Pt 2) Topics: Adenosine; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Genes, myc; Guanosine; Haplorhini; Intestines; Kidney; Membrane Transport Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleosides; Pyrimidine Nucleosides; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Thioinosine; Transfection; Uridine	1996
Characterization of inhibitor-sensitive and -resistant adenosine transporters in cultured human fetal astrocytes. Journal of neurochemistry, 1996, Volume: 67, Issue:3 Topics: Adenine; Adenosine; Affinity Labels; Astrocytes; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fetus; Humans; Kinetics; Membrane Proteins; Nucleoside Transport Proteins; Thioinosine; Tritium; Tubercidin; Vasodilator Agents	1996
[3H]adenosine transport in DDT1 MF-2 smooth muscle cells: inhibition by metabolites of propentofylline. European journal of pharmacology, 1996, Jul-11, Volume: 308, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Cricetinae; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Kinetics; Leiomyosarcoma; Leukemia L1210; Male; Mesocricetus; Muscle, Smooth; Rats; Thioinosine; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Vas Deferens; Xanthines	1996
Molecular cloning and functional characterization of nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive (es) and NBMPR-insensitive (ei) equilibrative nucleoside transporter proteins (rENT1 and rENT2) from rat tissues. The Journal of biological chemistry, 1997, Nov-07, Volume: 272, Issue:45 Topics: Affinity Labels; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Cloning, Molecular; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transport Proteins; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; Equilibrative-Nucleoside Transporter 2; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Nuclear Proteins; Nucleoside Transport Proteins; Peptide Mapping; Protein Structure, Secondary; Rats; Sequence Alignment; Thioinosine; Vasodilator Agents; Xenopus	1997
Dipyridamole and dilazep suppress oxygen radicals in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis rats. European journal of clinical investigation, 1998, Volume: 28, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Hydroxyl Radical; Kidney Glomerulus; Luminescent Measurements; Male; Nephrosis; Puromycin Aminonucleoside; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Superoxide Dismutase; Time Factors	1998
Functional production and reconstitution of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Interaction of inhibitors of nucleoside transport with recombinant hENT1 and a glycosylation-defective derivative (hENT1/N48Q). The Biochemical journal, 1999, Apr-01, Volume: 339 ( Pt 1) Topics: Base Sequence; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; DNA Primers; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; Genetic Complementation Test; Glycosylation; Humans; Kinetics; Membrane Proteins; Proteolipids; Recombinant Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Thioinosine; Thymidine	1999
Antiplatelet therapy decreases the incidence of erythropoietin-induced hypertension in predialysis patients. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993), 1999, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Erythropoietin; Female; Hematocrit; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Recombinant Proteins; Renal Dialysis; Risk Factors	1999
Further characterization of an adenosine transport system in the mitochondrial fraction of rat testis. European journal of pharmacology, 2000, Jun-09, Volume: 398, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide); Animals; Benzodiazepinones; Biological Transport; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guanosine; Hexobendine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inosine; Isoquinolines; Kinetics; Male; Mitochondria; Osmolar Concentration; Phenylisopropyladenosine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium; Subcellular Fractions; Temperature; Testis; Thioinosine; Thionucleosides; Time Factors; Tritium; Uridine	2000
Identification of a nucleoside/nucleobase transporter from Plasmodium falciparum, a novel target for anti-malarial chemotherapy. The Biochemical journal, 2000, Jul-01, Volume: 349, Issue:Pt 1 Topics: Adenine; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antimalarials; Biological Transport; Blotting, Southern; Carrier Proteins; Cations; Cell Membrane; Cloning, Molecular; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleobase, Nucleoside, Nucleotide, and Nucleic Acid Transport Proteins; Nucleosides; Phylogeny; Piperazines; Plasmodium falciparum; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protozoan Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Substrate Specificity; Thioinosine; Time Factors; Uridine; Vasodilator Agents; Xenopus	2000
Molecular identification and characterization of novel human and mouse concentrative Na+-nucleoside cotransporter proteins (hCNT3 and mCNT3) broadly selective for purine and pyrimidine nucleosides (system cib). The Journal of biological chemistry, 2001, Jan-26, Volume: 276, Issue:4 Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Cell Differentiation; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Electric Conductivity; Evolution, Molecular; HL-60 Cells; Humans; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Purine Nucleosides; Pyrimidine Nucleosides; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Sodium; Substrate Specificity; Symporters; Thioinosine; Uridine	2001
Mutation of residue 33 of human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 and 2 alters sensitivity to inhibition of transport by dilazep and dipyridamole. The Journal of biological chemistry, 2002, Jan-04, Volume: 277, Issue:1 Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Biological Transport; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; Equilibrative-Nucleoside Transporter 2; Humans; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thioinosine; Uridine; Xenopus laevis	2002
Inhibition of glucose uptake in murine cardiomyocyte cell line HL-1 by cardioprotective drugs dilazep and dipyridamole. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2004, Volume: 286, Issue:2 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Biological Transport; Cardiotonic Agents; Cell Line; Deoxyglucose; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Glucose; Glucose Transporter Type 1; Glucose Transporter Type 4; Kinetics; Mice; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; Muscle Proteins; Myocytes, Cardiac; Thioinosine	2004
Mutation of leucine-92 selectively reduces the apparent affinity of inosine, guanosine, NBMPR [S6-(4-nitrobenzyl)-mercaptopurine riboside] and dilazep for the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter, hENT1. The Biochemical journal, 2004, May-15, Volume: 380, Issue:Pt 1 Topics: Adenosine; Amino Acid Substitution; Biological Transport; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Drug Resistance; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; Guanosine; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Inosine; Leucine; Mutagenesis; Mutation, Missense; Point Mutation; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thioinosine	2004
Glycine 154 of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter, hENT1, is important for nucleoside transport and for conferring sensitivity to the inhibitors nitrobenzylthioinosine, dipyridamole, and dilazep. Biochemical pharmacology, 2004, Feb-01, Volume: 67, Issue:3 Topics: Biological Transport; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; Equilibrative-Nucleoside Transporter 2; Glycine; Humans; Nucleosides; Thioinosine; Vasodilator Agents	2004
Pharmacological analysis and molecular cloning of the canine equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1. European journal of pharmacology, 2004, Apr-26, Volume: 491, Issue:1 Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Carrier Proteins; Cell Line; Cloning, Molecular; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; DNA, Complementary; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; Formycins; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Piperazines; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Radioligand Assay; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thioinosine; Tritium	2004
[(3)H]Adenosine uptake in brainstem membranes of CD-1 mice lacking the adenosine A(2a) receptor. Life sciences, 2004, May-28, Volume: 75, Issue:2 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide); Animals; Autoradiography; Brain Stem; Carrier Proteins; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Membrane Transport Proteins; Membranes; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Nucleoside Transport Proteins; Receptors, Adenosine A2; Time Factors; Tritium	2004
Nucleoside transporter subtype expression and function in rat skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cells. British journal of pharmacology, 2004, Volume: 143, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Capillaries; Cell Separation; Cells, Cultured; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; DNA Primers; Endothelial Cells; Formycins; Muscle, Skeletal; Nucleoside Transport Proteins; Piperazines; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Thioinosine; Vasodilator Agents	2004
Dilazep and dipyridamole inhibit tissue factor expression on monocytes induced by IgG from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 2004, Volume: 25, Issue:10 Topics: Adrenergic Antagonists; Antiphospholipid Syndrome; Cell Separation; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Gene Expression; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Monocytes; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; RNA, Messenger; Theophylline; Thromboplastin	2004
Residue 33 of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 is a functionally important component of both the dipyridamole and nucleoside binding sites. Molecular pharmacology, 2005, Volume: 67, Issue:4 Topics: Adenosine; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; Equilibrative-Nucleoside Transporter 2; Humans; Nucleosides; Structure-Activity Relationship; Uridine	2005
Nucleoside and nucleobase transporters of primary human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells: characterization of a novel nucleobase transporter. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2007, Volume: 293, Issue:6 Topics: 2-Chloroadenosine; Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Child, Preschool; Coronary Vessels; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Dogs; Endothelial Cells; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; Equilibrative-Nucleoside Transporter 2; Female; Humans; Hypoxanthine; Kinetics; Microcirculation; Nucleobase Transport Proteins; Piperazines; Protein Binding; Purines; Rats; Swine; Thioinosine; Transfection; Tritium	2007
Visualisation of the effects of dilazep on rat afferent and efferent arterioles in vivo. Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2008, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Arterioles; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Kidney Glomerulus; Male; Microscopy, Video; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Renal Circulation; Vasoconstriction	2008
Mutation of Trp29 of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 alters affinity for coronary vasodilator drugs and nucleoside selectivity. The Biochemical journal, 2008, Sep-01, Volume: 414, Issue:2 Topics: Adenosine; Biological Transport; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Enzyme Activation; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; Humans; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Mutation; Nucleosides; Piperazines; Protein Binding; Thioinosine; Tryptophan; Vasodilator Agents	2008
Identification of the ENT1 antagonists dipyridamole and dilazep as amplifiers of oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 replication. Cancer research, 2010, May-15, Volume: 70, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; Gene Expression Profiling; Herpes Simplex; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Nude; Oncolytic Virotherapy; Organ Culture Techniques; Prostatic Neoplasms; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Ribonucleotide Reductases; RNA, Messenger; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Virus Replication	2010
Targeting the equilibrative nucleoside transporter ENT1 in Huntington disease. Oncotarget, 2017, Feb-21, Volume: 8, Issue:8 Topics: Age of Onset; Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Biomarkers; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Corpus Striatum; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; Humans; Huntingtin Protein; Huntington Disease; Mice; Neurons; Rats; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Ticagrelor	2017
Affinity, binding kinetics and functional characterization of draflazine analogues for human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (SLC29A1). Biochemical pharmacology, 2020, Volume: 172 Topics: Cardiotonic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Dilazep; Dipyridamole; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; Humans; Molecular Structure; Piperazines; Protein Binding; Radioligand Assay; Structure-Activity Relationship	2020