dihydrokainate has been researched along with kainic acid in 171 studies
| Studies (dihydrokainate) | Trials (dihydrokainate) | Recent Studies (post-2010) (dihydrokainate) | Studies (kainic acid) | Trials (kainic acid) | Recent Studies (post-2010) (kainic acid) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 180 | 0 | 46 | 9,540 | 3 | 1,775 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | dihydrokainate (IC50) | kainic acid (IC50) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Glutamate receptor 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 4.2857 | |
| Glutamate receptor 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 4.2857 | |
| Glutamate receptor 3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 4.2857 | |
| Glutamate receptor 4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 4.2857 | |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 0.0126 | |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | 0.077 | |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 0.0126 | |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 0.0126 | |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 0.0126 | |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | 0.077 | |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | 0.077 | |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | 0.077 | |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 | Homo sapiens (human) | 0.077 | |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 0.0126 |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 14 (8.19) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 45 (26.32) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 61 (35.67) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 49 (28.65) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (1.17) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Conway, GA; Galton, N; Maggiora, L; Mertes, MP; Michaelis, EK; Park, JS | 1 |
| Bellows, DS; Clarke, ID; Diamandis, P; Dirks, PB; Graham, J; Jamieson, LG; Ling, EK; Sacher, AG; Tyers, M; Ward, RJ; Wildenhain, J | 1 |
| Bolte, J; Bunch, L; Chapelet, M; Gefflaut, T; Nielsen, B; Pickering, DS; Pu, X; Sagot, E; Stensbøl, TB; Umberti, M | 1 |
| Amir, A; Brindisi, M; Butini, S; Campiani, G; Coccone, SS; Frydenvang, K; Gemma, S; Guarino, E; Kastrup, JS; Kumar, V; Maramai, S; Novellino, E; Pickering, DS; Valadés, EA; Valenti, S; Venskutonyte, R | 1 |
| Coyle, JT; London, ED | 1 |
| Feldman, JL; Greer, JJ; Smith, JC | 1 |
| Wayman, CP; Wilson, JF | 1 |
| Attwell, D; Barbour, B; Brew, H | 1 |
| Lok, SY; Meldrum, BS; Millan, MH; Obrenovitch, TP; Sarna, GS; Symon, L | 1 |
| Hestrin, S; Nicoll, RA; Sah, P | 1 |
| Bridges, RJ; Caiozzo, VJ; Gardner, VO; Munden, SK | 1 |
| Higashima, M; Sawada, S; Yamamoto, C | 1 |
| Hagberg, H; Hamberger, A; Lazarewicz, JW; Lehmann, A | 1 |
| Choi, DW; Kriegstein, AR; Maulucci-Gedde, M | 1 |
| Herranz, AS; Herreras, O; Lerma, J; Martín del Río, R; Muñoz, MD; Solís, JM | 1 |
| Brodin, L; Grillner, S; Ohta, Y; Tossman, U; Ungerstedt, U | 1 |
| Besharse, JC; Spratt, G | 1 |
| Butcher, SP; Hamberger, A; Jacobson, I | 1 |
| Hagberg, H; Hamberger, A; Jacobson, I; Lazarewicz, JW; Lehmann, A | 1 |
| Hamberger, A; Lehmann, A | 1 |
| Lancaster, B; Wheal, HV | 1 |
| Jhamandas, K; Notman, H; Whitney, R | 1 |
| James, VA; Sharma, RP; Walker, RJ; Wheal, HV | 1 |
| Amara, SG; Arriza, JL; Fairman, WA; Kavanaugh, MP; Murdoch, GH; Wadiche, JI | 1 |
| Larsson, HP; Lecar, H; Picaud, S; Wellis, DP; Werblin, F | 1 |
| Hirota, H; Kano, T; Katayama, Y; Kawamata, T; Tsubokawa, T | 1 |
| Grunewald, M; Kanner, B | 1 |
| Davies, JA; Dickie, BG | 1 |
| Massieu, L; Morales-Villagrán, A; Tapia, R | 1 |
| Curtis, JT; Sved, AF | 1 |
| Kondoh, T; Low, WC | 1 |
| Greenberg, DA; Koretz, B; Lustig, HS; von B Ahern, K; Wang, N | 1 |
| Feldtrauer, JJ; Waldmeier, PC; Wicki, P | 1 |
| Andersson, K; Chen, Y; Espinoza, S; Godukhin, OV; Goiny, M; Herrera-Marschitz, M; Loidl, CF; Lubec, G; Meana, JJ; Nylander, I; Pettersson, E; Silveira, R; Terenius, L; Ungerstedt, U; You, ZB | 1 |
| Massieu, L; Tapia, R; Velasco, I | 1 |
| Fallgren, AB; Paulsen, RE | 1 |
| Lewin, L; Mattsson, MO; Sellström, A | 1 |
| Allan, RD; Balcar, VJ; Bested, A; Blume, GL; Bohart, L; Cooper, B; Dias, LS; Killinger, S | 1 |
| Bouazzaoui, M; Gombos, G; Kannengieser, C; Procksch, O | 1 |
| Asztely, F; Erdemli, G; Kullmann, DM | 1 |
| Wu, SM; Yang, JH | 1 |
| Bezzi, P; Meldolesi, J; Rossi, D; Vesce, S; Volterra, A | 1 |
| Massieu, L; Tapia, R | 1 |
| Arias, C; Arrieta, I; Massieu, L; Tapia, R | 1 |
| Gaal, L; Marc, R; Picaud, SA; Roska, B; Werblin, FS; Wu, SM | 1 |
| Chung, HJ; Kavanaugh, MP; Pratt, K; Rosenberg, PA; Schnuer, J; Wang, GJ; Zable, AC | 1 |
| Crosson, CE; Ganel, R | 1 |
| O'Regan, MH; Phillis, JW; Song, D | 1 |
| Grunewald, M; Kanner, BI; Kavanaugh, MP; Zarbiv, R | 1 |
| Davis, RE | 1 |
| Leza, JC; Lizasoain, I; Lorenzo, P; Moro, MA | 1 |
| Aizenman, E; Chung, HJ; Lea, E; Potthoff, WK; Robinson, MB; Rosenberg, PA; Schnuer, J; Wang, GJ | 1 |
| Gaal, L; Roska, B; Werblin, FS | 1 |
| Attwell, D; Levy, LM; Warr, O | 1 |
| Beal McIlvain, H; Dunlop, J; Franco, R; Lou, Z | 1 |
| Feustel, PJ; Keller, RW; Kimelberg, HK; Seki, Y; Tranmer, BI | 1 |
| Kanner, BI; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Baldwin, RA; Katsumori, H; Wasterlain, CG | 1 |
| Bongianni, F; Deliagina, TG; Grillner, S | 1 |
| Bridges, RJ; Chamberlin, AR; Koch, HP | 1 |
| Bacci, A; Coco, S; Fumagalli, G; Matteoli, M; Pravettoni, E; Verderio, C | 1 |
| Dunlop, J; Lou, Z; McIlvain, HB; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Berger, SP; Fox, L; Ho, LB; Reid, MS | 1 |
| Araque, A; Doyle, RT; Haydon, PG; Li, N | 1 |
| Trussell, LO; Turecek, R | 1 |
| Isaac, JT; Kidd, FL | 2 |
| Kullmann, DM; Semyanov, A | 1 |
| Diamond, JS; Jahr, CE | 1 |
| Hughes, MG; McAdoo, DJ; Price, EM; Robak, G; Xu, G | 1 |
| Dreyer, EB; Gochenauer, G; Mackler, SA; Naskar, R; Quinto, K; Robinson, MB; Schuettauf, F; Vorwerk, CK; Zurakowski, D | 1 |
| Aoki, M; Berger, UV; Brown, RH; Danbolt, NC; Hediger, MA; Pasinelli, P; Trotti, D | 1 |
| Bézine, MF; Gaillet, S; Malaval, F; Plachez, C; Récasens, M | 1 |
| Dawson, LA; Djali, S; Gonzales, C; Vinegra, MA; Zaleska, MM | 1 |
| Chatton, JY; Magistretti, PJ; Shimamoto, K | 1 |
| Sadzuka, Y; Sonobe, T; Sugiyama, T; Tanaka, K | 1 |
| Kimelberg, HK; Zhou, M | 1 |
| Anderson, CM; Bridges, RJ; Chamberlin, AR; Shimamoto, K; Swanson, RA; Yasuda-Kamatani, Y | 1 |
| Attwell, D; Hamann, M; Marie, H; Rossi, DJ | 1 |
| Sadzuka, Y; Sonobe, T; Sugiyama, T; Yamashita, Y | 1 |
| Jiang, XF; Kamichi, S; Maeno, H; Nagata, I; Namura, S; Takami, S; Wada, K | 1 |
| Grunewald, M; Kanner, BI; Menaker, D | 1 |
| Hosoya, R; Iwabuchi, S; Kawahara, K; Nakajima, T; Sato, H; Tanaka, M | 1 |
| Bergles, DE; Jahr, CE; Tzingounis, AV | 1 |
| Sadzuka, Y; Sonobe, T; Yamashita, Y | 1 |
| Dehnes, Y; Devau, G; Nouvian, R; Puel, JL; Pujol, R; Raymond, J; Rebillard, G; Ruel, J; Saleh, H | 1 |
| Chen, Y; Swanson, RA | 1 |
| Barabás, P; Kardos, J; Kovács, I; Schousboe, A | 1 |
| Thoreson, WB; Tranchina, D; Witkovsky, P | 1 |
| Fei, J; Guo, LH; Hu, JH; Jiang, J; Ma, YH; Yang, N; Zhang, JF | 1 |
| Breitner, JC; Cook, DG; Kinney, GA; Spain, WJ; Yang, Y | 1 |
| Feustel, PJ; Jin, Y; Kimelberg, HK | 1 |
| Galluzzo, M; Grieco, R; Pèzzola, A; Pintor, A; Popoli, P; Reggio, R | 1 |
| Arévalo, MA; Brera, B; de Ceballos, ML; Fernández-Tomé, P | 1 |
| Grebenyuk, S; Kirichok, Y; Krishtal, O; Lozovaya, N; Melnik, S; Tsintsadze, T | 1 |
| de Hemptinne, I; Hermans, E; Maloteaux, JM; Vanhoutte, N; Vermeiren, C | 1 |
| Kettenmann, H; Kresse, W; Rose, C | 1 |
| Foster, AC; Naeve, GS; Poulsen, DJ; Selkirk, JV; Stiefel, TH; Stone, IM | 1 |
| Begni, B; Bono, MS; D'Orlando, C; Ferrarese, C; Garofolo, R; Longoni, M; Tremolizzo, L | 1 |
| Chen, L; Sokabe, M | 1 |
| Bayatti, N; Behl, C; Clement, AM; Engele, J; Figiel, M; Witan, H; Zschocke, J | 1 |
| Cechova, S; Zuo, Z | 1 |
| Wang, ZY; Zhang, YQ; Zhao, ZQ | 1 |
| Terman, GW; Thomson, LM; Zeng, J | 1 |
| Anand, A; Gaskins, D; Lee, Y; Shekhar, A | 1 |
| Geng, JX; Li, QJ; Li, SQ; Li, WB; Qi, J; Sun, XC; Xian, XH; Zhang, M | 1 |
| Hassel, B; Henjum, S | 1 |
| Bonanno, G; Fedele, E; Milanese, M; Raiteri, L; Raiteri, M; Zappettini, S | 1 |
| Itoh, H; Kurachi, M; Sumiyoshi, T; Uehara, T | 1 |
| Chen, JH; Nie, H; Pan, ZZ; Weng, HR | 1 |
| Dalcin, KB; Ferreira, GC; Gerhardt, D; Porciúncula, LO; Ribeiro, CA; Rosa, RB; Salbego, CG; Schmidt, AL; Schuck, PF; Souza, DO; Wajner, M; Wofchuk, S; Wyse, AT | 1 |
| Fumagalli, E; Funicello, M; Gobbi, M; Mennini, T; Rauen, T | 1 |
| Campbell, SL; Hablitz, JJ | 1 |
| Bernardinelli, Y; Chatton, JY | 1 |
| Hille, B; Kim, MH; Koh, DS; Moriyama, Y; Muroyama, A; Uehara, S | 1 |
| Battistacci, S; Bellesi, M; Conti, F; Gubbini, A; Melone, M | 1 |
| Handy, C; Lin, CL; Lin, Y; Roman, K; Stephens, RL; Tian, G; Travers, JB | 1 |
| Carpenter-Hyland, EP; Chandler, LJ; Mulholland, PJ; Woodward, JJ | 1 |
| DeSilva, TM; Goldhoff, PE; Kabakov, AY; Rosenberg, PA; Volpe, JJ | 1 |
| Aida, T; Bellesi, M; Cherubini, E; Conti, F; Melone, M; Omrani, A; Safiulina, V; Tanaka, K | 1 |
| Amzica, F; Chever, O; Ferron, JF; Kroeger, D | 1 |
| Kardos, J; Lasztóczi, B; Nyitrai, G | 1 |
| Bertsche, A; Bruehl, C; Draguhn, A; Pietz, J | 1 |
| Baron, DA; Patel, D; Patel, H; Rawls, SM; Sacavage, S; Zielinski, M | 1 |
| Mishra, V; Raghubir, R; Sasmal, D; Verma, R | 1 |
| Goldman, JE; Hagemann, TL; McKhann, GM; Messing, A; Sosunov, AA; Tian, R; Wu, X | 1 |
| Adams, MA; Bechtholt-Gompf, AJ; Carlezon, WA; Cohen, BM; Ongür, D; Walther, HV | 1 |
| Guan, X; Lu, W; Petralia, RS; Rothstein, JD; Tao, YX; Yaster, M | 1 |
| Chen, DF; Lin, Y; Roman, K; Stephens, RL; Wang, ZG; Yang, M | 1 |
| Eisenach, JC; Hayashida, K; Hobo, S | 1 |
| Arnold, JC; Chotibut, T; Davis, RW; Salvatore, MF | 1 |
| Barton, SJ; Bunner, KD; Dorner, JL; Gaither, TW; Klein, EL; Miller, BR; Rebec, GV | 1 |
| Furuya, T; Kashiwagi, K; Pan, Z | 1 |
| Jiang, E; Weng, HR; Yan, X | 1 |
| Bechtholt-Gompf, AJ; Carlezon, WA; Cohen, BM; Gompf, HS; John, CS; Öngür, D; Smith, KL; Van't Veer, A | 1 |
| Owaisat, S; Raffa, RB; Rawls, SM | 1 |
| Feng, J; Hu, F; Jiang, N; Lan, A; Mo, L; Xiao, L; Xu, W; Zhang, C | 1 |
| Li, J; Lu, XQ; Su, RB; Wu, N; Yan, HT; Zheng, JQ | 1 |
| Colbert, CM; Eskin, A; Pita-Almenar, JD; Zou, S | 1 |
| Iwai, T; Kamanaka, G; Kobayashi, K; Oka, J; Sasaki-Hamada, S | 1 |
| Attia, SM; Bakheet, SA | 1 |
| Dulla, C; Freeman, M; Higashimori, H; Huth, J; Lindemann, L; Morel, L; Taylor, A; Yang, Y | 1 |
| Alessandri, B; Frauenknecht, K; Heimann, A; Inui, T; Kempski, O; Nishimura, F; Sommer, C | 1 |
| Gerrikagoitia, I; Martínez-Millán, L; Medrano, MC; Mendiguren, A; Pineda, J | 1 |
| Iniouchine, MY; Sibarov, DA; Vol'nova, AB | 1 |
| Fischer, KD; Houston, AC; Rebec, GV | 1 |
| Brown, CH; Joe, N; Scott, V | 1 |
| An, C; Su, H; Sun, X; Wang, D; Xu, J; Yan, J; Zhong, J; Zhu, H | 1 |
| Kelsey, JE; Neville, C | 1 |
| Gong, J; Gong, S; Hu, Y; Li, W; Liu, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, M | 1 |
| Barry, SM; Bechtholt, AJ; Cohen, BM; John, CS; Ongür, D; Smith, KL; Sypek, EI | 1 |
| Armida, J; Bergami, M; Conzelmann, KK; Gage, FH; Kocher-Braissant, J; Kraftsik, R; Krzisch, M; Mongiat, LA; Schinder, AF; Schmutz, V; Temprana, SG; Toni, N; Virtanen, MA; Vutskits, L | 1 |
| Chen, Q; He, Y; Ji, L; Li, L; Lin, L; Ran, Y; Wang, J; Wang, Z; Yang, M | 1 |
| Chung, I; Tse, DY; Wu, SM | 1 |
| Li, Y; Sun, P; Wang, L; Zhang, S | 1 |
| Hu, YY; Li, L; Li, WB; Wang, D; Xu, J; Zhang, M | 1 |
| Bunch, L; Gynther, M; Hansen, SH; Petsalo, A; Pickering, DS | 1 |
| Bechtholt, AJ; Carlezon, WA; Cohen, BM; John, CS; Öngür, D; Sypek, EI | 1 |
| Agostinho, P; Augusto, E; Boison, D; Chen, JF; Cunha, RA; Matos, M; Shen, HY; Wang, Y; Wang, YT; Wei, CJ | 1 |
| Das, SC; Hristov, AM; Sari, Y; Yamamoto, BK | 1 |
| Chen, YL; Li, D; Li, RP; Wang, ZZ; Xu, WG; Zhang, JD | 1 |
| Ackerman, AL; Bradesi, S; Jellison, FC; Lee, UJ; Rodríguez, LV | 1 |
| Artigas, F; Castañé, A; Gasull-Camós, J; Tarrés-Gatius, M | 1 |
| Hasser, EM; Kline, DD; Matott, MP | 1 |
| Artigas, F; Casquero-Veiga, M; Castañé, A; Desco, M; Gasull-Camós, J; Soto-Montenegro, ML | 1 |
| Bekker, A; Kang, S; Li, J; Ye, JH | 1 |
| Artigas, F; Castañé, A; Gasull-Camós, J; Martínez-Torres, S; Ozaita, A; Tarrés-Gatius, M | 1 |
| Mifflin, S; Yamamoto, K | 1 |
| Cen, L; Tian, SW; Xiao, ZY; Yu, XD | 1 |
| Bian, Q; Gao, Z; Li, Y; Liu, Z; Ma, D; Zhang, S; Zhang, Z | 1 |
| Gong, SJ; Hu, YY; Li, WB; Sun, YW; Xian, XH; Zhang, JG; Zhang, LY; Zhang, M | 1 |
171 other study(ies) available for dihydrokainate and kainic acid
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Palladium (II)-catalyzed olefin-coupling reactions of kainic acid: effects of substitution on the isopropenyl group on receptor binding.
Topics: Animals; Biological Assay; Brain; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Kainic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Palladium; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1984 |
Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Mice; Molecular Structure; Neoplasms; Neurons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Sensitivity and Specificity; Stem Cells | 2007 |
Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of a series of 2,4-syn-functionalized (S)-glutamate analogues: new insight into the structure-activity relation of ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes 5, 6, and 7.
Topics: Amination; Animals; Glutamic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Structure-Activity Relationship; Synaptosomes | 2008 |
Selective kainate receptor (GluK1) ligands structurally based upon 1H-cyclopentapyrimidin-2,4(1H,3H)-dione: synthesis, molecular modeling, and pharmacological and biostructural characterization.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Cricetinae; Crystallography, X-Ray; Female; Ligands; Models, Molecular; Oocytes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Protein Conformation; Pyrimidines; Rats; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Recombinant Proteins; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiophenes; Xenopus laevis | 2011 |
Cooperative interactions at [3H]kainic acid binding sites in rat and human cerebellum.
Topics: Animals; Cerebellum; Glutamates; Humans; Kainic Acid; Male; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Receptors, Drug | 1979 |
Glutamate release and presynaptic action of AP4 during inspiratory drive to phrenic motoneurons.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Axons; Brain Stem; Decerebrate State; Glutamates; In Vitro Techniques; Inhalation; Kainic Acid; Medulla Oblongata; Models, Neurological; Motor Neurons; Phrenic Nerve; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord; Synapses | 1992 |
Endogenous glutamate stimulates release of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone from the rat hypothalamus.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; alpha-MSH; Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hypothalamus; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Male; Neurons; Osmolar Concentration; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1992 |
Electrogenic uptake of glutamate and aspartate into glial cells isolated from the salamander (Ambystoma) retina.
Topics: Ambystoma; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Calcium; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Magnesium; Membrane Potentials; Neuroglia; Potassium; Retina; Sodium | 1991 |
Changes in rat brain extracellular glutamate concentration during seizures induced by systemic picrotoxin or focal bicuculline injection: an in vivo dialysis study with on-line enzymatic detection.
Topics: 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid; 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; Animals; Bicuculline; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Dialysis; Electroencephalography; Electroshock; Extracellular Space; Glutamates; Hippocampus; Injections; Kainic Acid; Male; Picrotoxin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures | 1991 |
Mechanisms generating the time course of dual component excitatory synaptic currents recorded in hippocampal slices.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Dibenzocycloheptenes; Dizocilpine Maleate; Electrophysiology; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Ketamine; N-Methylaspartate; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Synapses; Temperature; Time Factors | 1990 |
Excitotoxins can produce protein degradation in the spinal cord.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Kainic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Neurofilament Proteins; Neurotoxins; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Spinal Cord | 1990 |
Inhibitors of high-affinity uptake augment depolarizations of hippocampal neurons induced by glutamate, kainate and related compounds.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Drug Synergism; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Hippocampus; Homocysteine; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Oxadiazoles; Quisqualic Acid; Synaptic Transmission | 1985 |
Effects of kainic acid on brain calcium fluxes studied in vivo and in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Calcium; Drug Synergism; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Potassium; Rabbits; Synaptosomes; Tetrodotoxin; Veratridine | 1986 |
Glutamate neurotoxicity in cortical cell culture.
Topics: Animals; Cell Count; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Histocytochemistry; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Kainic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Nerve Degeneration | 1987 |
Effects of dihydrokainic acid on extracellular amino acids and neuronal excitability in the in vivo rat hippocampus.
Topics: Action Potentials; Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Transport; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Extracellular Space; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Taurine | 1987 |
The effect of an uptake inhibitor (dihydrokainate) on endogenous excitatory amino acids in the lamprey spinal cord as revealed by microdialysis.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Lampreys; Neurotransmitter Agents; Reference Values; Spinal Cord | 1988 |
Excitatory amino acids and rod photoreceptor disc shedding: analysis using specific agonists.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Light; N-Methylaspartate; Oxadiazoles; Phagosomes; Photoreceptor Cells; Pigment Epithelium of Eye; Quisqualic Acid; Rana pipiens; Xenopus laevis | 1988 |
On the epileptogenic effects of kainic acid and dihydrokainic acid in the dentate gyrus of the rat.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Dialysis; Electric Stimulation; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Evoked Potentials; Female; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Kindling, Neurologic; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1988 |
Alterations in extracellular amino acids and Ca2+ following excitotoxin administration and during status epilepticus.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Bicuculline; Calcium; Epilepsy; Ethanolamines; Extracellular Space; Glutamates; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Rabbits; Synaptic Membranes; Synaptosomes; Taurine; Tetrodotoxin | 1986 |
Dihydrokainic acid affects extracellular taurine and phosphoethanolamine levels in the hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Drug Synergism; Ethanolamines; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Potassium; Pyrrolidines; Rabbits; Taurine | 1983 |
A comparative histological and electrophysiological study of some neurotoxins in the rat hippocampus.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Cycloleucine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Evoked Potentials; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Male; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Synaptic Transmission | 1982 |
Kainic acid evoked release of D-[3H]aspartate from rat striatum in vitro: characterization and pharmacological modulation.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Bromocriptine; Calcium; Corpus Striatum; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Potassium; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Tritium | 1984 |
Actions of glutamate, kainate, dihydrokainate and analogues on leech neurone acidic amino acid receptors.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Glutamates; Hydrogenation; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Leeches; Neurons; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Drug | 1980 |
Functional comparisons of three glutamate transporter subtypes cloned from human motor cortex.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Base Sequence; Biological Transport; Cell Line, Transformed; Cloning, Molecular; Electrochemistry; Glutamates; Glycoproteins; Humans; Kainic Acid; Motor Cortex; Oligonucleotide Probes; Oocytes; RNA; Xenopus laevis | 1994 |
Cone photoreceptors respond to their own glutamate release in the tiger salamander.
Topics: Ambystoma; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Calcium; Chloride Channels; Exocytosis; Fluorescent Dyes; Fura-2; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channel Gating; Kainic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Picrotoxin; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors | 1995 |
Inhibition of the high-affinity glutamate uptake system facilitates the massive potassium flux during cerebral ischaemia in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Female; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channel Gating; Kainic Acid; Microdialysis; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1995 |
Conformational changes monitored on the glutamate transporter GLT-1 indicate the existence of two neurotransmitter-bound states.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Lithium; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptide Fragments; Protein Conformation; Rats | 1995 |
Modulation of calcium-dependent and -independent components of veratridine-evoked release of glutamate from rat cerebellum.
Topics: Amiloride; Animals; Apamin; Aspartic Acid; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cerebellum; Cobalt; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; omega-Conotoxins; Peptides; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Ruthenium Red; Tetrodotoxin; Verapamil; Veratridine | 1993 |
Accumulation of extracellular glutamate by inhibition of its uptake is not sufficient for inducing neuronal damage: an in vivo microdialysis study.
Topics: Animals; Cell Death; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Corpus Striatum; Dicarboxylic Acids; Dizocilpine Maleate; Extracellular Space; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Pyrrolidines; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1995 |
Amino acid neurotransmitters in nucleus tractus solitarius: an in vivo microdialysis study.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electric Stimulation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Male; Membrane Potentials; Microdialysis; Nerve Endings; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nodose Ganglion; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Solitary Nucleus; Time Factors; Vagus Nerve | 1993 |
Glutamate uptake blockade induces striatal dopamine release in 6-hydroxydopamine rats with intrastriatal grafts: evidence for host modulation of transplanted dopamine neurons.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Mesencephalon; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Oxidopamine; Rats; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1994 |
Pre- and post-synaptic modulators of excitatory neurotransmission: comparative effects on hypoxia/hypoglycemia in cortical cultures.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Benzopyrans; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cell Hypoxia; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Cromakalim; Diazoxide; Embryo, Mammalian; Glutamates; Hypoglycemia; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Neurons; Potassium Channels; Pyrroles; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors | 1994 |
Release of endogenous glutamate from rat cortical slices in presence of the glutamate uptake inhibitor L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid.
Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dicarboxylic Acids; Electric Stimulation; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists; Glutamates; Kainic Acid; Male; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Nipecotic Acids; Phosphinic Acids; Potassium; Propanolamines; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes; Tetrodotoxin | 1993 |
On the origin of extracellular glutamate levels monitored in the basal ganglia of the rat by in vivo microdialysis.
Topics: Amino Acids; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; Dicarboxylic Acids; Glutamic Acid; Halothane; Kainic Acid; Male; Membrane Potentials; Microdialysis; Neurotransmitter Agents; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Potassium; Presynaptic Terminals; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Channel Blockers; Spider Venoms; Substantia Nigra; Tetrodotoxin; Urethane | 1996 |
Inhibition of glutamate uptake induces progressive accumulation of extracellular glutamate and neuronal damage in rat cortical cultures.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aspartic Acid; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Dicarboxylic Acids; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 1996 |
A microdialysis study in rat brain of dihydrokainate, a glutamate uptake inhibitor.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Membrane Potentials; Microdialysis; Neostriatum; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stimulation, Chemical | 1996 |
Differences in the release of L-glutamate and D-aspartate from primary neuronal chick cultures.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Exocytosis; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Neurons | 1996 |
Autoradiographic studies indicate regional variations in the characteristics of L-glutamate transporters in the rat brain.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Autoradiography; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Dicarboxylic Acids; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Female; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Male; Neostriatum; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tritium | 1996 |
Kainic acid, AMPA, and dihydrokainic acid effect on uptake and efflux of D-[3H] aspartic acid in cerebellar slices.
Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebellum; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tetrodotoxin; Tritium | 1996 |
Extrasynaptic glutamate spillover in the hippocampus: dependence on temperature and the role of active glutamate uptake.
Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Diffusion; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Glutamates; Guinea Pigs; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Neurotransmitter Agents; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Temperature | 1997 |
Characterization of glutamate transporter function in the tiger salamander retina.
Topics: Ambystoma; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Autoradiography; Biological Transport; Glutamates; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Microscopy, Electron; Photic Stimulation; Retina; Time Factors | 1997 |
HIV-1 gp120 glycoprotein affects the astrocyte control of extracellular glutamate by both inhibiting the uptake and stimulating the release of the amino acid.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Glutamic Acid; HIV Envelope Protein gp120; Kainic Acid; Rats | 1997 |
Glutamate uptake impairment and neuronal damage in young and aged rats in vivo.
Topics: Aging; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; Dicarboxylic Acids; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Male; Microdialysis; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1997 |
Neuronal damage and MAP2 changes induced by the glutamate transport inhibitor dihydrokainate and by kainate in rat hippocampus in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Immunohistochemistry; Kainic Acid; Male; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Neurons; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1997 |
Postsynaptic response kinetics are controlled by a glutamate transporter at cone photoreceptors.
Topics: Ambystoma; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Calcium; Darkness; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Light; Magnesium; Membrane Potentials; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Retina; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 1998 |
High affinity glutamate transport in rat cortical neurons in culture.
Topics: 2-Aminoadipic Acid; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Immunoblotting; Immunohistochemistry; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Neurons; Oocytes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serine; Synaptosomes | 1998 |
Modulation of human glutamate transporter activity by phorbol ester.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Carcinogens; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Phorbol Esters; Protein Kinase C; Retinoblastoma; Staurosporine; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1998 |
Amino acid release during volume regulation by cardiac cells: cellular mechanisms.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Fatty Acids; Heart; Ion Channels; Kainic Acid; Male; Myocardium; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases A2; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Type C Phospholipases | 1998 |
Cysteine scanning of the surroundings of an alkali-ion binding site of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 reveals a conformationally sensitive residue.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Conserved Sequence; Cysteine; Ethylmaleimide; HeLa Cells; Humans; Kainic Acid; Mesylates; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Potassium; Protein Conformation; Sodium; Sulfhydryl Reagents | 1998 |
Action of excitatory amino acids on hypodermis and the motornervous system of Ascaris suum: pharmacological evidence for a glutamate transporter.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Ascaris suum; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport, Active; Calcium; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Conductivity; Epithelium; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Amino Acids; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Microelectrodes; Motor Neurons; Quinoxalines; Sodium | 1998 |
Peroxynitrite causes aspartate release from dissociated rat cerebellar granule neurones.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Ischemia; Calcium; Cerebellar Cortex; Dithiothreitol; Egtazic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Ion Transport; Kainic Acid; Membrane Proteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide; Oxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Superoxides; Tetrodotoxin | 1998 |
Dihydrokainate-sensitive neuronal glutamate transport is required for protection of rat cortical neurons in culture against synaptically released glutamate.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Calcium; Calcium Radioisotopes; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Dicarboxylic Acids; Extracellular Space; Fetus; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synapses; Tetrodotoxin | 1998 |
Voltage-dependent uptake is a major determinant of glutamate concentration at the cone synapse: an analytical study.
Topics: Ambystoma; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrophysiology; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Light; Magnesium; Models, Neurological; Osmolar Concentration; Reference Values; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells; Synapses | 1998 |
Stoichiometry of the glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 expressed inducibly in a Chinese hamster ovary cell line selected for low endogenous Na+-dependent glutamate uptake.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; CHO Cells; COS Cells; Cricetinae; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium; Protons; Sodium | 1998 |
The pharmacological profile of L-glutamate transport in human NT2 neurones is consistent with excitatory amino acid transporter 2.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Dogs; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kainic Acid; Neurons; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Stereoisomerism; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1998 |
Inhibition of ischemia-induced glutamate release in rat striatum by dihydrokinate and an anion channel blocker.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Blood Flow Velocity; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glutamic Acid; Ion Pumps; Kainic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stilbenes | 1999 |
Two serine residues of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 are crucial for coupling the fluxes of sodium and the neurotransmitter.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; HeLa Cells; Humans; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Neurotransmitter Agents; Recombinant Proteins; Serine; Sodium | 1999 |
Reverse transport of glutamate during depolarization in immature hippocampal slices.
Topics: Aging; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Calcium; Dicarboxylic Acids; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Male; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Potassium; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium | 1999 |
Role of glutamate receptor subtypes in the lamprey respiratory network.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Benzoates; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glycine; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Lampreys; Neurons; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Respiration | 1999 |
Nontransportable inhibitors attenuate reversal of glutamate uptake in synaptosomes following a metabolic insult.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Brain; Dicarboxylic Acids; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Synaptosomes; Tritium | 1999 |
Astrocytes are required for the oscillatory activity in cultured hippocampal neurons.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Astrocytes; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Dicarboxylic Acids; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Intracellular Membranes; Kainic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Oscillometry; Osmolar Concentration; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Synapses | 1999 |
Inducible expression and pharmacology of the human excitatory amino acid transporter 2 subtype of L-glutamate transporter.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Arachidonic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Cell Line; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Complementary; Ecdysone; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Transfection | 1999 |
Nicotine stimulation of extracellular glutamate levels in the nucleus accumbens: neuropharmacological characterization.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Denervation; Dicarboxylic Acids; Dopamine; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Haloperidol; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Male; Mecamylamine; Microdialysis; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Nicotine; Nucleus Accumbens; Oxidopamine; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2000 |
SNARE protein-dependent glutamate release from astrocytes.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Botulinum Toxins; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Dicarboxylic Acids; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Macrolides; Membrane Potentials; Membrane Proteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Proton-Translocating ATPases; Pyrrolidines; Rats; SNARE Proteins; Vesicular Transport Proteins | 2000 |
Control of synaptic depression by glutamate transporters.
Topics: Action Potentials; Alanine Transaminase; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Benzothiadiazines; Chick Embryo; Cochlear Nucleus; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Neural Inhibition; Neuronal Plasticity; Receptors, AMPA; Synaptic Transmission | 2000 |
Glutamate transport blockade has a differential effect on AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the developing barrel cortex.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Benzothiadiazines; Biological Transport; Dicarboxylic Acids; Diuretics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Picrotoxin; Pyrrolidines; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; Somatosensory Cortex; Synaptic Transmission; Thalamus | 2000 |
Modulation of GABAergic signaling among interneurons by metabotropic glutamate receptors.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Interneurons; Kainic Acid; Neural Inhibition; Propionates; Quinoxalines; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Signal Transduction; Synaptic Transmission | 2000 |
Synaptically released glutamate does not overwhelm transporters on hippocampal astrocytes during high-frequency stimulation.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Cells, Cultured; Drug Synergism; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Receptors, Purinergic P1; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Theophylline | 2000 |
Evidence that reversed glutamate uptake contributes significantly to glutamate release following experimental injury to the rat spinal cord.
Topics: Animals; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord Injuries | 2000 |
Depression of retinal glutamate transporter function leads to elevated intravitreal glutamate levels and ganglion cell death.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Blotting, Western; Cell Death; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dicarboxylic Acids; DNA Primers; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Vitreous Body | 2000 |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked glutamate transporter mutant has impaired glutamate clearance capacity.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane; COS Cells; Cytoplasm; Electric Conductivity; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Genes, Dominant; Glutamic Acid; Glycosylation; Humans; Kainic Acid; Microinjections; Mutation; Oocytes; RNA, Complementary; Sodium Glutamate; Transfection; Xenopus laevis | 2001 |
Transient increase in the high affinity [3H]-L-glutamate uptake activity during in vitro development of hippocampal neurons in culture.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media, Serum-Free; Dicarboxylic Acids; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Symporters; Time Factors; Tritium | 2001 |
Characterization of transient focal ischemia-induced increases in extracellular glutamate and aspartate in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Kainic Acid; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Reperfusion Injury; Tetrodotoxin; Time Factors | 2000 |
Effects of glial glutamate transporter inhibitors on intracellular Na+ in mouse astrocytes.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Benzofurans; Binding, Competitive; Cells, Cultured; Dicarboxylic Acids; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethers, Cyclic; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Fluorescent Dyes; Glutamic Acid; Intracellular Fluid; Kainic Acid; Mice; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Protein Isoforms; Pyrrolidines; Sodium; Stereoisomerism | 2001 |
Inhibition of glutamate transporter by theanine enhances the therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin.
Topics: 2-Aminoadipic Acid; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Antineoplastic Agents; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Membrane; Doxorubicin; Drug Synergism; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kainic Acid; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2001 |
Kinetics and activation of postsynaptic kainate receptors at thalamocortical synapses: role of glutamate clearance.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cerebral Cortex; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Organ Culture Techniques; Picrotoxin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Temperature; Thalamus | 2001 |
Freshly isolated hippocampal CA1 astrocytes comprise two populations differing in glutamate transporter and AMPA receptor expression.
Topics: Age Factors; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Astrocytes; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Cell Separation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Kainic Acid; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, GABA-A | 2001 |
Differing effects of substrate and non-substrate transport inhibitors on glutamate uptake reversal.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Dicarboxylic Acids; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Mice; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Prosencephalon; Pyrrolidines; Substrate Specificity | 2001 |
Knocking out the glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 reduces glutamate uptake but does not affect hippocampal glutamate dynamics in early simulated ischaemia.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Kainic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; N-Methylaspartate; Organ Culture Techniques; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pyramidal Cells; Quinoxalines; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2002 |
Effect of dihydrokainate on the antitumor activity of doxorubicin.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Doxorubicin; Drug Interactions; Drug Synergism; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2002 |
Inhibition of glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 augments brain edema after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Extracellular Space; Female; Glutamic Acid; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Kainic Acid; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Neuroglia; Neurotoxins; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Reperfusion Injury; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2002 |
Cysteine-scanning mutagenesis reveals a conformationally sensitive reentrant pore-loop in the glutamate transporter GLT-1.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Biotin; Cysteine; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; HeLa Cells; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Kainic Acid; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Sodium; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2002 |
Selective blockade of astrocytic glutamate transporter GLT-1 with dihydrokainate prevents neuronal death during ouabain treatment of astrocyte/neuron cocultures.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Communication; Cell Death; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Coculture Techniques; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Extracellular Space; Fetus; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Ouabain; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2002 |
Comparison of coupled and uncoupled currents during glutamate uptake by GLT-1 transporters.
Topics: Biological Transport; Cell Line; Cesium; Computer Simulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kainic Acid; Kidney; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium; Sodium; Transfection | 2002 |
Effects of glutamate transporter inhibitors on the antitumor activity of doxorubicin.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Doxorubicin; Female; Glutamates; Humans; Kainic Acid; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Neoplasms, Experimental; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Serine; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2002 |
Glutamate transporters in the guinea-pig cochlea: partial mRNA sequences, cellular expression and functional implications.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Benzodiazepines; Cochlea; Dendrites; DNA, Complementary; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Female; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Guinea Pigs; Immunohistochemistry; Kainic Acid; Microscopy, Confocal; Microscopy, Electron; Neuroprotective Agents; Organ of Corti; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, AMPA; RNA, Messenger; Symporters | 2003 |
The glutamate transporters EAAT2 and EAAT3 mediate cysteine uptake in cortical neuron cultures.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Binding, Competitive; Biological Transport; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Cysteine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutathione; Kainic Acid; Mice; Neurons; Sodium; Symporters | 2003 |
Exogenous glutamate and taurine exert differential actions on light-induced release of two endogenous amino acids in isolated rat retina.
Topics: Animals; Dark Adaptation; Dicarboxylic Acids; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Organ Culture Techniques; Photic Stimulation; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Retina; Taurine | 2003 |
Kinetics of synaptic transfer from rods and cones to horizontal cells in the salamander retina.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Dopamine Antagonists; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Light; Membrane Potentials; Models, Biological; Neural Conduction; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Retina; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells; Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells; Spiperone; Synapses; Time Factors; Urodela | 2003 |
Identification of glutamate transporters and receptors in mouse testis.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; GluK2 Kainate Receptor; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Symporters; Synaptosomes; Testis | 2004 |
Presenilin-1 and intracellular calcium stores regulate neuronal glutamate uptake.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; Animals; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; Biological Transport; Caffeine; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cells, Cultured; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endopeptidases; Enzyme Activators; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Imidazoles; Intracellular Fluid; Kainic Acid; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Neurons; Presenilin-1; Protein Kinase C; Symporters; Thapsigargin | 2004 |
Volume-regulated anion channels are the predominant contributors to release of excitatory amino acids in the ischemic cortical penumbra.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Anion Transport Proteins; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Cortex; Excitatory Amino Acids; Glutamic Acid; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Kainic Acid; Microdialysis; Neurons; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Tamoxifen; Taurine | 2004 |
Adenosine A 2A receptor antagonists prevent the increase in striatal glutamate levels induced by glutamate uptake inhibitors.
Topics: Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dicarboxylic Acids; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Pyrimidines; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Triazines; Triazoles | 2004 |
Beta-amyloid25-35 inhibits glutamate uptake in cultured neurons and astrocytes: modulation of uptake as a survival mechanism.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Kainic Acid; Neurons; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Rats | 2004 |
Protective cap over CA1 synapses: extrasynaptic glutamate does not reach the postsynaptic density.
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Dizocilpine Maleate; Drug Interactions; Evoked Potentials; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Models, Neurological; N-Methylaspartate; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Potassium Channel Blockers; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synapses | 2004 |
In vitro differentiated neural stem cells express functional glial glutamate transporters.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cell Count; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Corpus Striatum; Culture Media, Conditioned; D-Aspartic Acid; Embryo, Mammalian; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Indoles; Kainic Acid; Neuroglia; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium; Stem Cells | 2004 |
Acute insult of ammonia leads to calcium-dependent glutamate release from cultured astrocytes, an effect of pH.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Egtazic Acid; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Fluoresceins; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kainic Acid; Methylamines; Mice; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thapsigargin; Ultraviolet Rays | 2005 |
Over-expression of the human EAAT2 glutamate transporter within neurons of mouse organotypic hippocampal slice cultures leads to increased vulnerability of CA1 pyramidal cells.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Blotting, Western; Cell Death; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Gene Expression; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Hippocampus; Humans; Kainic Acid; Mice; Neuroglia; Organ Culture Techniques; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Pyramidal Cells; Symporters; Time Factors; Transduction, Genetic; Tritium | 2005 |
Substrate-induced modulation of glutamate uptake in human platelets.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Blood Platelets; Cycloheximide; D-Aspartic Acid; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Humans; Kainic Acid; Symporters | 2005 |
Presynaptic modulation of synaptic transmission by pregnenolone sulfate as studied by optical recordings.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Aconitine; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Benzylidene Compounds; Bicuculline; Bungarotoxins; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Diagnostic Imaging; Dopamine Antagonists; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Electric Stimulation; Ethylenediamines; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; GABA Antagonists; Haloperidol; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Male; Neurons; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Pregnenolone; Presynaptic Terminals; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin; Time Factors | 2005 |
Differential promotion of glutamate transporter expression and function by glucocorticoids in astrocytes from various brain regions.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Astrocytes; Azacitidine; Blotting, Western; Brain; Central Nervous System; Cerebellum; Corticosterone; Decitabine; Detergents; Dexamethasone; DNA Methylation; DNA Modification Methylases; DNA Primers; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fluorescent Dyes; Glucocorticoids; Immunohistochemistry; Kainic Acid; Ligands; Luciferases; Membrane Microdomains; Mifepristone; Neuroglia; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Mineralocorticoid; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Time Factors; Transfection; Up-Regulation | 2005 |
Inhibition of glutamate transporters increases the minimum alveolar concentration for isoflurane in rats.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Blood Pressure; Injections, Spinal; Isoflurane; Kainic Acid; Male; Pulmonary Alveoli; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord | 2006 |
Inhibition of tetanically sciatic stimulation-induced LTP of spinal neurons and Fos expression by disrupting glutamate transporter GLT-1.
Topics: Animals; Cell Count; DNA Fragmentation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gene Expression Regulation; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Indoles; Kainic Acid; Long-Term Potentiation; Male; Neural Inhibition; Neurons, Afferent; Oncogene Proteins v-fos; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sciatic Nerve; Spinal Cord | 2006 |
Differential effect of glutamate transporter inhibition on EPSCs in the morphine naïve and morphine tolerant neonatal spinal cord slice.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Morphine; Narcotics; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Posterior Horn Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord | 2006 |
Glia mechanisms in mood regulation: a novel model of mood disorders.
Topics: Affect; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Amygdala; Animals; Astrocytes; Behavior, Animal; Circadian Rhythm; Dicarboxylic Acids; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Exploratory Behavior; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Mood Disorders; Neuroglia; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Social Behavior | 2007 |
The upregulation of glial glutamate transporter-1 participates in the induction of brain ischemic tolerance in rats.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Blotting, Western; Brain Ischemia; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Hippocampus; Immunohistochemistry; Ischemic Preconditioning; Kainic Acid; Male; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Up-Regulation | 2007 |
High-affinity glycine and glutamate transport in pig forebrain white and gray matter: a quantitative study.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Glutathione; Glycine; Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase; Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Kainic Acid; Prosencephalon; Sarcosine; Serine; Swine | 2007 |
Mechanisms of glutamate release elicited in rat cerebrocortical nerve endings by 'pathologically' elevated extraterminal K+ concentrations.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Calcium Channels; Cerebral Cortex; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Exocytosis; Extracellular Fluid; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Hyperkalemia; Kainic Acid; Macrolides; Male; Potassium; Presynaptic Terminals; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptosomes | 2007 |
Role of glutamate transporters in the modulation of stress-induced lactate metabolism in the rat brain.
Topics: Amygdala; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Brain; Energy Metabolism; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Kainic Acid; Lactic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stress, Psychological | 2007 |
Glial glutamate transporter 1 regulates the spatial and temporal coding of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in spinal lamina II neurons.
Topics: Animals; Benzothiadiazines; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Drug Interactions; Electric Stimulation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Male; Neurons; Oligopeptides; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission | 2007 |
Evidence that glutaric acid reduces glutamate uptake by cerebral cortex of infant rats.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cerebral Cortex; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamates; Glutarates; Glutaryl-CoA Dehydrogenase; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Neostriatum; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synaptosomes | 2007 |
Riluzole enhances the activity of glutamate transporters GLAST, GLT1 and EAAC1.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Cell Line; Cerebral Cortex; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Riluzole; Serine; Synaptosomes; Transfection | 2008 |
Decreased glutamate transport enhances excitability in a rat model of cortical dysplasia.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Models, Animal; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Malformations of Cortical Development; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2008 |
Differential effects of glutamate transporter inhibitors on the global electrophysiological response of astrocytes to neuronal stimulation.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Brain; Kainic Acid; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2008 |
Glutamate transporter-mediated glutamate secretion in the mammalian pineal gland.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Cesium; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Exocytosis; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Macrolides; Magnesium; Male; Melatonin; Membrane Potentials; Pineal Gland; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2008 |
GLT-1 upregulation impairs prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in adult rats.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Blotting, Western; Brain; Ceftriaxone; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Immunohistochemistry; Kainic Acid; Male; Microscopy, Confocal; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex, Startle; Up-Regulation | 2009 |
Increased glial glutamate transporter EAAT2 expression reduces visceral nociceptive response in mice.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Ceftriaxone; Colon; Disease Models, Animal; Ethanol; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Kainic Acid; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Pressure; Up-Regulation | 2009 |
Ethanol disrupts NMDA receptor and astroglial EAAT2 modulation of Kv2.1 potassium channels in hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Central Nervous System Depressants; Electrophysiology; Ethanol; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Phosphorylation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Shab Potassium Channels | 2009 |
Regulation of glutamate transport in developing rat oligodendrocytes.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Benzodiazepines; Bicuculline; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Female; Fibroblast Growth Factors; GABA Antagonists; Gangliosides; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; O Antigens; Oligodendroglia; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Pregnancy; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Sodium Channel Blockers; Tetrodotoxin; Tritium | 2009 |
Up-regulation of GLT-1 severely impairs LTD at mossy fibre--CA3 synapses.
Topics: Animals; Ceftriaxone; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Long-Term Synaptic Depression; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microscopy, Immunoelectron; Models, Neurological; Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Up-Regulation | 2009 |
Cortical inhibition during burst suppression induced with isoflurane anesthesia.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Cats; Central Nervous System Agents; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Electroencephalography; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Extracellular Space; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials; Isoflurane; Kainic Acid; Neural Pathways; Neuroglia; Neurons; Thalamus | 2009 |
Glutamate uptake shapes low-[Mg2+] induced epileptiform activity in juvenile rat hippocampal slices.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Aspartic Acid; CA3 Region, Hippocampal; Dicarboxylic Acids; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epilepsy; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency; Male; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins; Organ Culture Techniques; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pyramidal Cells; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synaptic Transmission | 2010 |
Region- and pattern-specific effects of glutamate uptake blockers on epileptiform activity in rat brain slices.
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Aspartic Acid; Electrophysiology; Entorhinal Cortex; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Male; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synaptic Transmission | 2010 |
Beta-lactam antibiotic reduces morphine analgesic tolerance in rats through GLT-1 transporter activation.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftriaxone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Hot Temperature; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Subcutaneous; Kainic Acid; Male; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time | 2010 |
Pharmacological evaluation of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) mediated neuroprotection following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Ceftriaxone; Cerebral Infarction; Disease Models, Animal; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Neuroglia; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Up-Regulation | 2010 |
Alexander disease mutant glial fibrillary acidic protein compromises glutamate transport in astrocytes.
Topics: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Alexander Disease; Animals; Arginine; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Cysteine; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Flow Cytometry; Gene Expression Regulation; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Mutation; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Transfection | 2010 |
Blockade of astrocytic glutamate uptake in rats induces signs of anhedonia and impaired spatial memory.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Conditioning, Operant; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Maze Learning; Memory Disorders; Mood Disorders; Motor Activity; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Self Administration | 2010 |
Effect of inhibition of spinal cord glutamate transporters on inflammatory pain induced by formalin and complete Freund's adjuvant.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Blotting, Western; Disease Models, Animal; Formaldehyde; Freund's Adjuvant; Glutamic Acid; Inflammation; Kainic Acid; Male; Nicotinic Acids; Pain; Phosphoserine; Posterior Horn Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Spinal Cord | 2011 |
GLT-1 overexpression attenuates bladder nociception and local/cross-organ sensitization of bladder nociception.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Blotting, Western; Ceftriaxone; Colon; Electromyography; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Female; Kainic Acid; Mice; Pain; Pain Perception; Urinary Bladder | 2011 |
Up-regulation of spinal glutamate transporters contributes to anti-hypersensitive effects of valproate in rats after peripheral nerve injury.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Hyperalgesia; Kainic Acid; Pain Threshold; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Riluzole; Spinal Cord; Up-Regulation; Valproic Acid | 2011 |
Transient striatal GLT-1 blockade increases EAAC1 expression, glutamate reuptake, and decreases tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation at ser(19).
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Calcium; Corpus Striatum; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Neurons; Phosphorylation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2012 |
Up-regulation of GLT1 reverses the deficit in cortically evoked striatal ascorbate efflux in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease.
Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Aspartic Acid; Ceftriaxone; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Extracellular Fluid; Genotype; Huntington Disease; Kainic Acid; Male; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Microinjections; Transcription, Genetic; Up-Regulation | 2012 |
Role of retinal glial cell glutamate transporters in retinal ganglion cell survival following stimulation of NMDA receptor.
Topics: Acetophenones; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Benzopyrans; Blotting, Western; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Culture Media; Dizocilpine Maleate; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Kainic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Neuroglia; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Retinal Ganglion Cells; RNA, Messenger | 2012 |
Glial glutamate transporter and glutamine synthetase regulate GABAergic synaptic strength in the spinal dorsal horn.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamine; Kainic Acid; Male; Neuroglia; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Posterior Horn Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synapses | 2012 |
Blockade of astrocytic glutamate uptake in the prefrontal cortex induces anhedonia.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anhedonia; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain Waves; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Food Preferences; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychomotor Performance; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Self Stimulation; Sucrose | 2012 |
In vivo comparison of harmine efficacy against psychostimulants: preferential inhibition of the cocaine response through a glutamatergic mechanism.
Topics: Amphetamines; Animals; Cocaine; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Harmine; Inhibition, Psychological; Kainic Acid; Nicotine; Nicotinic Antagonists; Planarians; Psychotropic Drugs | 2012 |
Hydrogen sulfide protects PC12 cells against reactive oxygen species and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-mediated downregulation of glutamate transporter-1 expression induced by chemical hypoxia.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Survival; Cobalt; Down-Regulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Hydrogen Sulfide; Kainic Acid; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Neuroprotective Agents; PC12 Cells; Rats; Reactive Oxygen Species | 2012 |
Aquaporin-4 deficiency attenuates opioid dependence through suppressing glutamate transporter-1 down-regulation and maintaining glutamate homeostasis.
Topics: Animals; Aquaporin 4; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; Homeostasis; Kainic Acid; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microdialysis; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Tritium | 2013 |
Relationship between increase in astrocytic GLT-1 glutamate transport and late-LTP.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Biophysics; Biotinylation; Cells, Cultured; Colforsin; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Flow Cytometry; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Indoles; Kainic Acid; Long-Term Potentiation; Male; Neurons; Protein Transport; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Channel Blockers; Tetrodotoxin; Valine | 2012 |
Exendin (5-39), an antagonist of GLP-1 receptor, modulates synaptic transmission via glutamate uptake in the dentate gyrus.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Biophysics; Cells, Cultured; Dentate Gyrus; Electric Stimulation; Embryo, Mammalian; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Long-Term Potentiation; Long-Term Synaptic Depression; Neuroglia; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Peptide Fragments; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glucagon; RNA, Messenger; Synaptic Transmission | 2013 |
Effect of dihydrokainate on the capacity of repair of DNA damage and apoptosis induced by doxorubicin.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Neoplasm; Apoptosis; Bone Marrow Cells; DNA Damage; DNA Repair; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II; DNA-Binding Proteins; Doxorubicin; Humans; Kainic Acid; Male; Mice; Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective; Mitosis; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species | 2013 |
Astroglial FMRP-dependent translational down-regulation of mGluR5 underlies glutamate transporter GLT1 dysregulation in the fragile X mouse.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cerebral Cortex; Down-Regulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein; Fragile X Syndrome; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kainic Acid; Mice; Neurons; Protein Biosynthesis; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate | 2013 |
Neuroprotective effect of ceftriaxone on the penumbra in a rat venous ischemia model.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brain Ischemia; Ceftriaxone; Cerebral Infarction; Cortical Spreading Depression; Drug Interactions; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Kainic Acid; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2013 |
Functional and morphological characterization of glutamate transporters in the rat locus coeruleus.
Topics: Adrenergic Neurons; Animals; Ceftriaxone; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Neuroglia; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2013 |
Comparative analysis of changes in membrane currents in neurons and astrocytes in rat hippocampal slices after stimulation of glutamatergic transmission.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Neurons; Ouabain; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium; Quinoxalines; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Synaptic Transmission | 2013 |
Role of the major glutamate transporter GLT1 in nucleus accumbens core versus shell in cue-induced cocaine-seeking behavior.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Behavior, Animal; Blotting, Western; Ceftriaxone; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Conditioning, Operant; Cues; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Feeding Behavior; Kainic Acid; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recurrence; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2013 |
Glial regulation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptor-mediated excitation of supraoptic nucleus neurones during dehydration.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Dehydration; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Female; Kainic Acid; Memantine; Microinjections; Neuroendocrine Cells; Neuroglia; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Supraoptic Nucleus; Water Deprivation | 2014 |
Increasing glutamate promotes ischemia-reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias in rats in vivo.
Topics: Amines; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Heart Ventricles; Kainic Acid; Male; Mitochondria, Heart; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Myocytes, Cardiac; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases | 2014 |
The effects of the β-lactam antibiotic, ceftriaxone, on forepaw stepping and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiparkinson Agents; Ceftriaxone; Central Nervous System Agents; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Forelimb; Kainic Acid; Levodopa; Male; Medial Forebrain Bundle; Motor Activity; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Rats, Long-Evans | 2014 |
Cerebral ischemic preconditioning reduces glutamate excitotoxicity by up-regulating the uptake activity of GLT-1 in rats.
Topics: Animals; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Ischemic Preconditioning; Kainic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Rats, Wistar; Up-Regulation | 2014 |
Exploring the role of central astrocytic glutamate uptake in ethanol reward in mice.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Astrocytes; Ethanol; Glutamic Acid; Infusions, Intraventricular; Kainic Acid; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Reward | 2014 |
Pre-existing astrocytes form functional perisynaptic processes on neurons generated in the adult hippocampus.
Topics: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; Animals; Astrocytes; Bromodeoxyuridine; Dendritic Spines; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Gene Expression Regulation; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Hippocampus; Isoenzymes; Kainic Acid; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Microscopy, Confocal; Microscopy, Immunoelectron; Neurogenesis; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Retinal Dehydrogenase; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 2015 |
[The impact and mechanism of glutamate transporter 1-mediated visceral nociception and hyperalgesia following exposure to post-traumatic stress disorder-like stress in spinal cord of rats].
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Ceftriaxone; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamates; Hyperalgesia; Kainic Acid; Nociception; Rats; Spinal Cord; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Up-Regulation | 2014 |
Pharmacological inhibitions of glutamate transporters EAAT1 and EAAT2 compromise glutamate transport in photoreceptor to ON-bipolar cell synapses.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Dark Adaptation; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroretinography; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 5; Glutamates; Immunohistochemistry; Intravitreal Injections; Kainic Acid; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Photoreceptor Cells; Retina; Retinal Bipolar Cells; Synaptic Transmission | 2014 |
Harmine mediated neuroprotection via evaluation of glutamate transporter 1 in a rat model of global cerebral ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain Infarction; Brain Ischemia; Cell Survival; Cerebral Cortex; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Female; Harmine; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Kainic Acid; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 2014 |
Ceftriaxone modulates uptake activity of glial glutamate transporter-1 against global brain ischemia in rats.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Brain Ischemia; CA1 Region, Hippocampal; Ceftriaxone; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; Pyramidal Cells; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Up-Regulation | 2015 |
Blood-brain barrier permeability and brain uptake mechanism of kainic acid and dihydrokainic acid.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Capillary Permeability; Ion Transport; Kainic Acid; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2015 |
Blockade of the GLT-1 Transporter in the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala Induces both Anxiety and Depressive-Like Symptoms.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Central Amygdaloid Nucleus; Conditioning, Psychological; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Fear; Kainic Acid; Male; Maze Learning; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Self Administration | 2015 |
Deletion of adenosine A2A receptors from astrocytes disrupts glutamate homeostasis leading to psychomotor and cognitive impairment: relevance to schizophrenia.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cognition Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Gene Expression Regulation; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamic Acid; Homeostasis; Kainic Acid; Locomotion; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Psychomotor Disorders; Pyrimidines; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synaptosomes; Time Factors; Triazoles | 2015 |
Ceftriaxone attenuates ethanol drinking and restores extracellular glutamate concentration through normalization of GLT-1 in nucleus accumbens of male alcohol-preferring rats.
Topics: Alcohol Deterrents; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Animals; Ceftriaxone; Central Nervous System Depressants; Disease Models, Animal; Ethanol; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Extracellular Space; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Nucleus Accumbens; Rats | 2015 |
Glutamate metabolism of astrocytes during hyperbaric oxygen exposure and its effects on central nervous system oxygen toxicity.
Topics: Air Pressure; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Ceftriaxone; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Oxygen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2016 |
The Glt1 glutamate receptor mediates the establishment and perpetuation of chronic visceral pain in an animal model of stress-induced bladder hyperalgesia.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Ceftriaxone; Disease Models, Animal; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Hyperalgesia; Kainic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Spinal Cord; Stress, Physiological; Urinary Bladder; Visceral Pain | 2016 |
Glial GLT-1 blockade in infralimbic cortex as a new strategy to evoke rapid antidepressant-like effects in rats.
Topics: Affect; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Citalopram; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Limbic Lobe; Male; Neuroglia; Prefrontal Cortex; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Quinoxalines; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Serotonin; Veratridine | 2017 |
Glial EAAT2 regulation of extracellular nTS glutamate critically controls neuronal activity and cardiorespiratory reflexes.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Neuroglia; Neurons; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Reflex; Respiration; Solitary Nucleus | 2017 |
Differential Patterns of Subcortical Activity Evoked by Glial GLT-1 Blockade in Prelimbic and Infralimbic Cortex: Relationship to Antidepressant-Like Effects in Rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Kainic Acid; Male; Neural Pathways; Positron-Emission Tomography; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed | 2017 |
Rescue of glutamate transport in the lateral habenula alleviates depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in ethanol-withdrawn rats.
Topics: Alcoholism; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Anxiety; Ceftriaxone; Central Nervous System Depressants; Depression; Ethanol; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Habenula; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Male; Maze Learning; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Channel Blockers; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Swimming; Tetrodotoxin | 2018 |
Serotonergic mechanisms involved in antidepressant-like responses evoked by GLT-1 blockade in rat infralimbic cortex.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Cerebral Cortex; Citalopram; Depressive Disorder; Dorsal Raphe Nucleus; GABAergic Neurons; Glucose Transporter Type 1; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Motor Activity; Piperazines; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Pyridines; Random Allocation; Rats, Wistar; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A; Serotonergic Neurons; Serotonin; Serotonin Agents; Synaptic Transmission | 2018 |
Inhibition of glial glutamate transporter GLT1 in the nucleus of the solitary tract attenuates baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate.
Topics: Animals; Baroreflex; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Heart Rate; Kainic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Solitary Nucleus; Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2018 |
Glutamate transporter GLT1 inhibitor dihydrokainic acid impairs novel object recognition memory performance in mice.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Kainic Acid; Male; Memory Consolidation; Mice; Recognition, Psychology | 2019 |
Mild hypothermia protects rat cortical neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury via the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Cerebral Cortex; Chromones; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; Hypothermia, Induced; In Vitro Techniques; Ischemic Stroke; Kainic Acid; Morpholines; Neurons; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Rats; Reperfusion Injury | 2021 |
The p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway mediates GLT-1 up-regulation during cerebral ischemic preconditioning-induced brain ischemic tolerance in rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; CA1 Region, Hippocampal; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Imidazoles; Ischemic Preconditioning; Kainic Acid; Male; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Neuroprotection; NF-kappa B; NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; Nitriles; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sulfones; Transcription Factor RelA | 2021 |