digoxin and vitexin-rhamnoside

The purpose of this study was to investigate the absorption mechanism of vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside, the index component in hawthorn leaves flavonoids (HLF) in the rat intestine, using two different absorption models, the in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion and the in vitro everted gut sac model. The effective permeability coefficients (P(eff)) in the in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion experiments and the apparent permeability coefficients (P(app)) in the in vitro everted gut sac experiments were calculated. Furthermore, the influences of the P-glycoprotein inhibitors, verapamil and digoxin, on the intestinal absorption of vitexin-2''-O- rhamnoside in HLF were studied using the above-mentioned two models. Results showed that there were no significant differences in the absorption of vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside in HLF in four segments of the rat intestine, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon, and at different concentrations of HLF ranging from 0.05 mg/ml to 0.5 mg/ml (P > 0.05). The P(eff) values for vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside in the rat jejunal perfusion at the concentration of 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/ml were (2.48 +/- 0.33) x 10(-5); (2.23 +/- 0.67) x 10(-5); (2.18 +/- 0.48) x 10(-5); and (2.25 +/- 0.17) x 10(-5) cm/s, respectively. But there was significant difference between absence and presence of verapamil or digoxin (P < 0.05). P(eff) and P(app) values of vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside in HLF were increased in the presence of verapamil or digoxin. In conclusion, vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside can be classified into high permeability class drug according to the biopharmaceutical classification system. Passive diffusion dominates the absorptive transport behavior of vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside in HLF. The absorption and secretion are mediated by the efflux transport system, P-gp. The absorption of vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside in HLF can be enhanced administered together with P-gp inhibitors.

Topics: Animals; Apigenin; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; Crataegus; Digoxin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Flavonoids; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Verapamil