diethyl-maleate and hexachlorobutadiene

The effects of treatment with either cysteine (2 X 150 mg/kg) or diethylmaleate (0.7 ml/kg) on renal function and response to the nephrotoxicant hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) were examined. Cysteine caused oliguria, blocked the polyuric and glucosuric effects of HCBD and attenuated the reduction of urine osmolality. Diethylmaleate (DEM) decreased urine osmolality; further decreases of urine osmolality were not seen after HCBD. DEM pretreatment increased HCBD-induced proteinuria. HCBD-induced elevation of plasma creatinine concentration was not affected by either of the pretreatments whereas the plasma urea nitrogen concentration was greater in the DEM-pretreated group. The latter may represent an effect of DEM on non-filtration handling of urea. The results suggest that cysteine and diethylmaleate each have effects on kidney function which alter the response of the nephron tubule to a subsequently administered toxic agent.

Topics: Animals; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Butadienes; Cysteine; Glycosuria; Kidney Diseases; Male; Maleates; Proteinuria; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Time Factors

Renal and hepatic glutathione (GSH) concentrations were examined after treatment of male Sprague-Dawley rats with hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) or citrinin alone and in combination, and after pretreatment with the GSH depleting agent diethylmaleate (DEM). It was found that both renal and hepatic GSH depletion were greater when either citrinin or HCBD was given following DEM. The effect was particularly striking when the doses used were so low as to be ineffective when given alone. When HCBD and citrinin were given in combination, the effect on GSH was approximately additive. Renal tubular organic ion transport in kidney slices was also compromised significantly when either citrinin or HCBD followed pretreatment with DEM. With HCBD, depression of tetraethylammonium (TEA) transport was seen after DEM; when given alone HCBD had no effect on TEA transport.

Topics: Animals; Benzopyrans; Biological Transport; Butadienes; Citrinin; Fungicides, Industrial; Glutathione; Kidney; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver; Male; Maleates; p-Aminohippuric Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tetraethylammonium; Tetraethylammonium Compounds