Page last updated: 2024-08-22

deuterium and retinol

deuterium has been researched along with retinol in 46 studies

Research

Studies (46)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19906 (13.04)18.7374
1990's13 (28.26)18.2507
2000's13 (28.26)29.6817
2010's14 (30.43)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Crespi, H; Lewis, A; Marcus, MA1
Underwood, BA1
Clifford, AJ; Furr, HC; Jones, AD1
Amedee-Manesme, O; Anderson, DP; Bergen, HR; Clifford, AJ; Furr, HC; Jones, AD; Olson, JA1
Rietz, P; Weber, F; Wiss, O1
Peterson, PA; Rask, L1
Cullum, ME; Veysey, SW; Zile, MH1
Cullum, ME; Olson, JA; Veysey, SW1
Clifford, AJ; Handelman, GJ; Haskell, MJ; Jones, AD1
Awal, MA; Brown, KH; Handelman, GJ; Haskell, MJ; Jones, AD; Mahalanabis, D; Peerson, JM; Rabbi, MA; Wahed, MA1
Olson, JA2
Andrien, BA; Dolnikowski, GG; Russell, RM; Tang, G1
Clifford, AJ; Dueker, SR; Jones, AD; Mercer, RS1
Brown, KH; Handelman, GJ; Haskell, MJ; Islam, MA; Jones, AD; Mahalanabis, D; Peerson, JM; Wahed, MA1
Burri, BJ; Park, JY1
Clifford, AJ; Dueker, SR; Jones, AD1
Mazariegos, M; Mena, I; Ribaya-Mercado, JD; Romero-Abal, ME; Russell, RM; Solomons, NW; Tang, G1
Brown, KH; Haskell, MJ; Jones, AD; Mahalanabis, D; Mazumder, RN; Peerson, JM; Wahed, MA1
Burri, BJ; Clifford, AJ; Dueker, SR; Lin, Y; Neidlinger, TR1
Dolnikowski, GG; Qin, J; Russell, RM; Tang, G1
Cabal-Barza, MA; Fjeld, CR; Perfecto, CS; Ribaya-Mercado, JD; Russell, RM; Solon, FS; Solon, JA; Solon, MA; Tang, G1
Buchholz, BA; Carkeet, C; Clifford, AJ; Dueker, SR; Follett, JR; Hickenbottom, SJ; Lemke, SL; Lin, Y; Vogel, JS1
Wasantwisut, E1
Brown, KH; Green, MH; Haskell, MJ; Lembcke, JL; Peerson, JM; Salazar, M1
Dallal, GE; Dolnikowski, GG; Fermin, LS; Mazariegos, M; Ribaya-Mercado, JD; Russell, RM; Solomons, NW; Solon, FS1
Russell, RM; Tang, G; Wang, Z; Yin, S; Zhao, X1
Brown, KH; Fuchs, GJ; Haskell, MJ; Hassan, F; Hossain, MI; Jamil, KM; Peerson, JM1
Dolnikowski, GG; Grusak, MA; Qin, J; Russell, RM; Tang, G1
Blumberg, JB; Dolnikowski, GG; Maramag, CC; Ribaya-Mercado, JD; Solon, FS; Tengco, LW1
Cifelli, CJ; Green, JB; Green, MH; Russell, RM; Tang, G; Wang, Z; Yin, S1
Fu, Y; Grusak, MA; Lai, W; Li, L; Qin, J; Russell, RM; Suter, PM; Tang, G; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Yin, S1
Flanagan, VP; Harrison, DJ; Harrison, EH; Kurilich, AC; Novotny, JA; Pawlosky, R1
Kaufman, Y; Ma, L; Washington, I1
Kaufman, Y; Ma, L; Washington, I; Zhang, J1
Brown, KH; Haskell, MJ; Jamil, KM; Peerson, JM; Wahed, MA1
Bluck, LJ; Coward, WA; Ghavami, A1
Astiazaran-Garcia, H; Esparza-Romero, J; Green, MH; Grijalva-Haro, MI; Lopez-Teros, V; Méndez-Estrada, RO; Pacheco-Moreno, BI; Quihui-Cota, L; Tang, G; Tortoledo-Ortiz, O; Valencia, ME1
Blaner, WS; Jiang, H; Mihai, DM; Romanov, A; Washington, I1
Green, MH; Park, H1
Green, MH1
Tanumihardjo, SA1
Tang, G1
Gannon, BM; Tanumihardjo, SA1
Barnard, AR; Charbel Issa, P; Herrmann, P; MacLaren, RE; Washington, I1
Saad, L; Washington, I1

Reviews

4 review(s) available for deuterium and retinol

ArticleYear
Metabolism of vitamin A and the determination of vitamin A status.
    Vitamins and hormones, 1974, Volume: 32

    Topics: Acetates; Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Deuterium; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Humans; Liver; Rats; Tritium; Vitamin A

1974
Protocol development for biological tracer studies.
    Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1998, Volume: 445

    Topics: beta Carotene; Carbon Isotopes; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Deuterium; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Isotope Labeling; Isotopes; Kinetics; Vitamin A

1998
Application of isotope dilution technique in vitamin A nutrition.
    Food and nutrition bulletin, 2002, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Suppl

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carotenoids; Child; Child, Preschool; Deuterium; Diet; Female; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Liver; Male; Nutritional Status; Vegetables; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency

2002
Comparisons among Equations Used for Retinol Isotope Dilution in the Assessment of Total Body Stores and Total Liver Reserves.
    The Journal of nutrition, 2015, Volume: 145, Issue:5

    Topics: Algorithms; Carbon Isotopes; Deuterium; Humans; Hypervitaminosis A; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Liver; Models, Biological; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency

2015

Trials

6 trial(s) available for deuterium and retinol

ArticleYear
Assessment of vitamin A status by the deuterated-retinol-dilution technique and comparison with hepatic vitamin A concentration in Bangladeshi surgical patients.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1997, Volume: 66, Issue:1

    Topics: Abdomen; Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Bangladesh; Deuterium; Diterpenes; Female; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Predictive Value of Tests; Regression Analysis; Retinyl Esters; Vitamin A

1997
Use of the deuterated-retinol-dilution technique to assess total-body vitamin A stores of adult volunteers consuming different amounts of vitamin A.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1999, Volume: 70, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Deuterium; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Male; Vitamin A

1999
Daily consumption of Indian spinach (Basella alba) or sweet potatoes has a positive effect on total-body vitamin A stores in Bangladeshi men.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2004, Volume: 80, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antioxidants; Bangladesh; beta Carotene; Biological Availability; Deuterium; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Intestinal Absorption; Ipomoea batatas; Magnoliopsida; Male; Nutritional Status; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency

2004
Carotene-rich plant foods ingested with minimal dietary fat enhance the total-body vitamin A pool size in Filipino schoolchildren as assessed by stable-isotope-dilution methodology.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2007, Volume: 85, Issue:4

    Topics: Anthropometry; Antioxidants; beta Carotene; Biological Availability; Carotenoids; Child; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Deuterium; Dietary Fats; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Helminthiasis; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Isotope Labeling; Liver; Male; Nutritional Status; Nutritive Value; Philippines; Vegetables; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency

2007
Beta-carotene conversion to vitamin A decreases as the dietary dose increases in humans.
    The Journal of nutrition, 2010, Volume: 140, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; beta Carotene; Deuterium; Diet; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Isotope Labeling; Isotopes; Male; Vitamin A

2010
Vitamin A-fortified milk increases total body vitamin A stores in Mexican preschoolers.
    The Journal of nutrition, 2013, Volume: 143, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Deuterium; Developing Countries; Diet; Female; Food Preferences; Food, Fortified; Food, Preserved; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Liver; Male; Mexico; Milk; Patient Dropouts; Severity of Illness Index; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency

2013

Other Studies

36 other study(ies) available for deuterium and retinol

ArticleYear
Physiological and structural investigations of bacteriorhodopsin analogs.
    Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 1977, Sep-23, Volume: 78, Issue:2

    Topics: Bacteriorhodopsins; Binding Sites; Biological Transport, Active; Carotenoids; Dark Adaptation; Deuterium; Light; Protons; Retinaldehyde; Spectrum Analysis; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vitamin A

1977
Biochemical and histological methodologies for assessing vitamin A status in human populations.
    Methods in enzymology, 1990, Volume: 190

    Topics: Adult; Biopsy, Needle; Body Composition; Child; Deuterium; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Liver; Night Blindness; Nutritional Status; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency

1990
Stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry to assess vitamin A status.
    Methods in enzymology, 1990, Volume: 189

    Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Gas; Deuterium; Esters; Humans; Isotope Labeling; Mass Spectrometry; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Vitamin A

1990
Vitamin A concentrations in liver determined by isotope dilution assay with tetradeuterated vitamin A and by biopsy in generally healthy adult humans.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1989, Volume: 49, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy; Deuterium; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Isotopes; Liver; Middle Aged; Vitamin A

1989
Studies on the fluorescence of the human vitamin A-transporting plasma protein complex and its individual components.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1971, Dec-25, Volume: 246, Issue:24

    Topics: Binding Sites; Blood Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Deuterium; Energy Transfer; Fluorometry; Macromolecular Substances; Mathematics; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protons; Spectrophotometry; Temperature; Thyroxine-Binding Proteins; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin A

1971
Analysis of retinol and dideuterated retinol in rat plasma by gas chromatography combined mass spectrometry.
    International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 1984, Volume: 54, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Deuterium; Diterpenes; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Retinyl Esters; Vitamin A

1984
Analysis of deuterated analogs of vitamin A by electron impact and chemical ionization modes in gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.
    International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 1984, Volume: 54, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Deuterium; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Isomerism; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Retinaldehyde; Vitamin A

1984
An improved protocol for determining ratios of retinol-d4 to retinol isolated from human plasma.
    Analytical chemistry, 1993, Aug-01, Volume: 65, Issue:15

    Topics: Deuterium; Diterpenes; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Retinyl Esters; Vitamin A

1993
Isotope-dilution techniques: a wave of the future in human nutrition.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1997, Volume: 66, Issue:1

    Topics: Deuterium; Diterpenes; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Liver; Nutritional Status; Retinyl Esters; Vitamin A

1997
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electron capture negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry in studying beta-carotene conversion to retinol in humans.
    Methods in enzymology, 1997, Volume: 282

    Topics: beta Carotene; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Deuterium; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Regression Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Time Factors; Vitamin A

1997
Ion trap mass spectrometry for kinetic studies of stable isotope labeled vitamin A at low enrichments.
    Analytical chemistry, 1998, Apr-01, Volume: 70, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Deuterium; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Isotope Labeling; Kinetics; Organosilicon Compounds; Vitamin A

1998
Plasma kinetics of an oral dose of [2H4]retinyl acetate in human subjects with estimated low or high total body stores of vitamin A.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1998, Volume: 68, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Deuterium; Diterpenes; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Nutritional Status; Retinyl Esters; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency

1998
Compartmental models of vitamin A and beta-carotene metabolism in women.
    Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1998, Volume: 445

    Topics: Adult; Anticarcinogenic Agents; beta Carotene; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Computer Simulation; Deuterium; Diterpenes; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Retinyl Esters; Vitamin A

1998
Assessment of total body stores of vitamin A in Guatemalan elderly by the deuterated-retinol-dilution method.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1999, Volume: 69, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Deuterium; Dietary Supplements; Diterpenes; Female; Guatemala; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Retinyl Esters; Vitamin A

1999
Correcting for vitamin A turnover in isotope-dilution studies.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1999, Volume: 69, Issue:3

    Topics: Deuterium; Half-Life; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Vitamin A

1999
Variability of the conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A in women measured by using a double-tracer study design.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2000, Volume: 71, Issue:6

    Topics: Absorption; Adult; beta Carotene; Biological Availability; Deuterium; Diterpenes; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Retinyl Esters; Vitamin A

2000
Vitamin A equivalence of beta-carotene in a woman as determined by a stable isotope reference method.
    European journal of nutrition, 2000, Volume: 39, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; beta Carotene; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Deuterium; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Vitamin A

2000
Bioconversion of plant carotenoids to vitamin A in Filipino school-aged children varies inversely with vitamin A status.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2000, Volume: 72, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Anthelmintics; Carotenoids; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Deuterium; Female; Humans; Male; Parasitic Diseases; Philippines; Plants; Predictive Value of Tests; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency

2000
Dual isotope test for assessing beta-carotene cleavage to vitamin A in humans.
    European journal of nutrition, 2002, Volume: 41, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; beta Carotene; Biological Availability; Carbon Radioisotopes; Deuterium; Diterpenes; Feces; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Retinyl Esters; Vitamin A

2002
Population-based plasma kinetics of an oral dose of [2H4]retinyl acetate among preschool-aged, Peruvian children.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2003, Volume: 77, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Oral; C-Reactive Protein; Child, Preschool; Deuterium; Diterpenes; Female; Humans; Infant; Liver; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Nutritional Status; Peru; Retinyl Esters; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency

2003
Quantitative assessment of total body stores of vitamin A in adults with the use of a 3-d deuterated-retinol-dilution procedure.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2003, Volume: 77, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Deuterium; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Male; Mathematics; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Philippines; Time Factors; Vitamin A

2003
beta-Carotene-vitamin A equivalence in Chinese adults assessed by an isotope dilution technique.
    The British journal of nutrition, 2004, Volume: 91, Issue:1

    Topics: Absorption; Antioxidants; Area Under Curve; beta Carotene; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Deuterium; Female; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Liver; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Middle Aged; Vitamin A

2004
Spinach or carrots can supply significant amounts of vitamin A as assessed by feeding with intrinsically deuterated vegetables.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2005, Volume: 82, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Antioxidants; Area Under Curve; beta Carotene; Biological Availability; Carbon Isotopes; Daucus carota; Deuterium; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Isotope Labeling; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritive Value; Spinacia oleracea; Vitamin A

2005
Kinetic analysis shows that vitamin A disposal rate in humans is positively correlated with vitamin A stores.
    The Journal of nutrition, 2008, Volume: 138, Issue:5

    Topics: Body Mass Index; China; Deuterium; Diterpenes; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Regression Analysis; Retinyl Esters; United States; Vitamin A

2008
Vitamin A equivalence of spirulina beta-carotene in Chinese adults as assessed by using a stable-isotope reference method.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2008, Volume: 87, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; beta Carotene; Body Mass Index; Carotenoids; China; Deuterium; Diet; Fasting; Humans; Isotope Labeling; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values; Spirulina; Therapeutic Equivalency; Vitamin A

2008
Deuterium enrichment of vitamin A at the C20 position slows the formation of detrimental vitamin A dimers in wild-type rodents.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 2011, Mar-11, Volume: 286, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Deuterium; Dimerization; Lipofuscin; Macular Degeneration; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Pyridinium Compounds; Retinoids; Vitamin A; Vitamins

2011
C20-D3-vitamin A slows lipofuscin accumulation and electrophysiological retinal degeneration in a mouse model of Stargardt disease.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 2011, Mar-11, Volume: 286, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Deuterium; Dimerization; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Lipofuscin; Macular Degeneration; Mice; Mice, Mutant Strains; Retinal Degeneration; Stargardt Disease; Vitamin A; Vitamins

2011
The paired deuterated retinol dilution technique can be used to estimate the daily vitamin A intake required to maintain a targeted whole body vitamin A pool size in men.
    The Journal of nutrition, 2011, Volume: 141, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bangladesh; Deuterium; Homeostasis; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Liver; Male; Models, Biological; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Requirements; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency; Young Adult

2011
The effect of food preparation on the bioavailability of carotenoids from carrots using intrinsic labelling.
    The British journal of nutrition, 2012, Volume: 107, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; beta Carotene; Biological Availability; Carbon Isotopes; Carotenoids; Cooking; Daucus carota; Deuterium; Diterpenes; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritive Value; Reproducibility of Results; Retinoids; Retinyl Esters; Time Factors; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency

2012
The retina rapidly incorporates ingested C20-D₃-vitamin A in a swine model.
    Molecular vision, 2013, Volume: 19

    Topics: Absorption; Animals; Deuterium; Male; Models, Animal; Models, Biological; Retina; Sus scrofa; Vitamin A

2013
Parameter identifiability and Extended Multiple Studies Analysis of a compartmental model for human vitamin A kinetics: fixing fractional transfer coefficients for the initial steps in the absorptive process.
    The British journal of nutrition, 2014, Mar-28, Volume: 111, Issue:6

    Topics: Absorption; Administration, Oral; Aged; Chylomicrons; Deuterium; Digestion; Diterpenes; Enterocytes; Humans; Kinetics; Liver; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Retinol-Binding Proteins; Retinyl Esters; Vitamin A

2014
Evaluation of the "“Olson equation"”, an isotope dilution method for estimating vitamin A stores.
    International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 2014, Volume: 84 Suppl 1

    Topics: Deuterium; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Isotope Labeling; Nutritional Status; Vitamin A

2014
Usefulness of vitamin A isotope methods for status assessment: from deficiency through excess.
    International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 2014, Volume: 84 Suppl 1

    Topics: Carbon Isotopes; Deuterium; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Isotope Labeling; Liver; Mass Spectrometry; Nutritional Status; Research Design; Sample Size; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency

2014
Vitamin A value of plant food provitamin A - evaluated by the stable isotope technologies.
    International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 2014, Volume: 84 Suppl 1

    Topics: beta Carotene; Deuterium; Humans; Isotope Labeling; Nutritional Status; Vitamin A

2014
Rescue of the Stargardt phenotype in Abca4 knockout mice through inhibition of vitamin A dimerization.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015, Jul-07, Volume: 112, Issue:27

    Topics: Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Deuterium; Dimerization; Electroretinography; Lipofuscin; Macular Degeneration; Mice, 129 Strain; Mice, Knockout; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Phenotype; Retina; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Stargardt Disease; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin A; Vitamins

2015
Can Vitamin A be Improved to Prevent Blindness due to Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Stargardt Disease and Other Retinal Dystrophies?
    Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2016, Volume: 854

    Topics: Blindness; Clinical Trials as Topic; Deuterium; Dimerization; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Models, Chemical; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Structure; Phenyl Ethers; Propanolamines; Retinal Dystrophies; Stargardt Disease; Vitamin A; Vitamins

2016