deoxycytidylyl-(3--5-)-deoxyguanosine and 2--deoxyguanylyl-(3--5-)-2--deoxycytidine

The dinucleoside phosphate deoxycytidylyl-3',5'-deoxyguanosine (dCpdG) and deoxyguanylyl-3',5'-deoxycytidine (dGpdC) systems are among the largest to be studied by reliable theoretical methods. Exploring electron attachment to these subunits of DNA single strands provides significant progress toward definitive predictions of the electron affinities of DNA single strands. The adiabatic electron affinities of the oligonucleotides are found to be sequence dependent. Deoxycytidine (dC) on the 5' end, dCpdG, has larger adiabatic electron affinity (AEA, 0.90 eV) than dC on the 3' end of the oligomer (dGpdC, 0.66 eV). The geometric features, molecular orbital analyses, and charge distribution studies for the radical anions of the cytidine-containing oligonucleotides demonstrate that the excess electron in these anionic systems is dominantly located on the cytosine nucleobase moiety. The pi-stacking interaction between nucleobases G and C seems unlikely to improve the electron-capturing ability of the oligonucleotide dimers. The influence of the neighboring base on the electron-capturing ability of cytosine should be attributed to the intensified proton accepting-donating interaction between the bases. The present investigation demonstrates that the vertical detachment energies (VDEs) of the radical anions of the oligonucleotides dGpdC and dCpdG are significantly larger than those of the corresponding nucleotides. Consequently, reactions with low activation barriers, such as those for O-C sigma bond and N-glycosidic bond breakage, might be expected for the radical anions of the guanosine-cytosine mixed oligonucleotides.

Topics: Deoxycytosine Nucleotides; Deoxyguanosine; Dinucleoside Phosphates; DNA, Single-Stranded; Electrons; Hydrogen Bonding; Models, Molecular; Thermodynamics

The radiation chemistry of the dinucleoside monophosphate d(CpG) and its sequence isomer, d(GpC), has been examined in aqueous solutions saturated with either N2O or O2. The products were isolated using HPLC, and the major products were identified using proton NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The major products include 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrouracil (glycol) derivatives, 5- and 6-hydroxycytosine substitution products, 1-carbamoyl-2-oxo-4,5-dihydroxyimidazolidine products, and the 8-hydroxyguanine substitution product. Both trans stereoisomers of the imidazolidine derivatives are obtained from d(CpG) as well as from its sequence isomer. These are prominent products when the irradiation is carried out in the presence of oxygen, but they are not observed in the absence of oxygen.

Topics: Deoxycytidine; Deoxycytosine Nucleotides; Deoxyguanine Nucleotides; Deoxyguanosine; Dinucleoside Phosphates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nitrous Oxide; Oxygen; Solutions; Water