decabromodiphenyl-ethane and dechlorane-plus

Aquatic biota including fish, shrimp and bivalves were collected from the Yellow River Delta (YRD), China to investigate the levels, composition profile and dietary exposure of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and dechlorane plus (DP). The concentrations of PBDEs, DBDPE and DP in the organisms ranged from 5.3 to 149, not detected (nd) - 49, and 0.5-29 ng/g lipid weight, respectively. Higher levels of PBDEs and DP were found in mullet (Liza haematocheila).PBDEs were the major pollutants and BDE 209 was the predominant congener of PBDEs suggesting the great production and application of deca-BDE in YRD. The average f

Topics: Animals; Bromobenzenes; China; Environmental Monitoring; Flame Retardants; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Polycyclic Compounds; Rivers

Under the Stockholm Convention, signatory countries are obliged to direct source inventories, find current sources, and provide ecological monitoring evidence to guarantee that the encompassing levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are declining. However, such monitoring of different types of POPs are to a great degree constrained in most developing countries including Nepal and are primarily confined to suspected source area/ densely populated regions. In this study, 9 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 2 dechlorane plus (DPs), 6 novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and 8 organophosphate ester flame retardants (OPFRs) were investigated in indoor dust from a rural area (Kopawa) in Nepal in order to evaluate their occurrence/level, profile, spatial distribution and their sources. Additionally, health risk exposure was estimated to anticipate the possible health risk to the local population. The results showed that OPFRs was the most abundant FR measured in the dust. The concentration of ∑

Topics: Air Pollution, Indoor; Bromobenzenes; Dust; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Flame Retardants; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Nepal; Organophosphates; Polycyclic Compounds; Principal Component Analysis; Risk Assessment; Soot

With the phasing out of traditional polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), significant volumes of alternative brominated flame retardants (aBFRs) are being used and released into the environment compartment, especially in coastal regions. The levels and distribution of PBDEs, aBFRs, and dechlorane plus (DPs) were investigated in the surface sediments of the Yellow Sea (YS) and East China Sea (ECS) to examine the distribution and sources of these hydrophobic contaminants. The level and distribution of pollutants in the sediments of YS and ECS show obvious regional differences. As a major replacement for decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) was the dominant compound observed in the surface sediments, with a concentration one order of magnitude higher than that of BDE 209. High concentrations were found in the depositional zones of the YS, indicating that these contaminants may originate from land-based pollution sources (likely from the Laizhou Bay manufacturing base) near the Bohai Sea. The pollutants can be carried by the coastal current together with the sediment from the Yellow River, transported through the Bohai Strait and deposited in the mud zone of Northern and Southern YS. Low levels of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) were found in the estuary of the Yangtze River and ECS, indicating that Yangtze River contributes less HFRs to the region. Riverine discharge, atmospheric deposition, surface runoff, ocean current system, and mud area deposition effects may be significant factors influencing the distributions of HFRs.

Topics: Bromobenzenes; China; Environmental Monitoring; Estuaries; Flame Retardants; Geologic Sediments; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Halogenation; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Oceans and Seas; Polycyclic Compounds; Rivers; Water Pollutants, Chemical

Topics: Bromobenzenes; Environmental Monitoring; Flame Retardants; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Halogenation; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Polycyclic Compounds; Soil; Tibet

While various investigations have been driven on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other flame retardants (FRs) in different framework around the world, information about contamination and fate of PBDEs and other FRs in developing countries especially in the Indian subcontinent is uncommon. Nepal being located in the Indian subcontinent, very little is known about contamination level of semi-volatile organic pollutants discharged into the environment. This motivated us to investigate the environmental fate of halogenated flame retardant (HFRs) in Nepalese condition. In this study, we investigated the concentration, fate, and sources of 9 PBDEs, 2 dechlorane plus isomers (DPs), and 6 novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs). Moreover, air-soil exchange and soil-air partitioning were also evaluated to characterize the pattern of air-soil exchange and environmental fate. In general, the concentrations of NBFRs in soil were more prevalent than PBDEs and DPs, and accounted 95% of ∑HFRs. By and large, the concentrations of NBFRs and DPs were measured high in Kathmandu, while PBDEs level exceeded in Pokhara. Principal component analysis (PCA) study suggested contributions from commercial penta-, octa-, and deca-BDEs products and de-bromination of highly brominated PBDEs as the significant source of PBDEs. Likewise, low f

Topics: Air Pollutants; Bromobenzenes; Environmental Monitoring; Flame Retardants; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Halogenation; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Nepal; Polycyclic Compounds; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Soot

Fat obtained by wipe tests on the inner surface of 21 baking ovens from Stuttgart (Germany) were analyzed for halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), namely polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), dechlorane plus (DP), short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, MCCPs), as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In ~50% of the samples chlorinated paraffins (CPs) were present in the mg/g fat range, i.e. three to four orders of magnitude higher concentrated than the sum of all other target compounds. In contrast the remaining ~50% of the samples were free of CPs, while the other HFRs were comparable in CP-positive and CP-negative samples. The exceptionally high concentrations and exclusive presence of CPs in half of the samples produced strong evidence that these compounds were released from the baking oven itself. This hypothesis was supported by detection of MCCPs at even higher concentrations in the inner components of one dismantled baking oven. The release of substantial amounts of HFRs from the oven casing during its use may contribute to human exposure to these compounds, especially MCCPs and SCCPs.

Topics: Bromobenzenes; Cooking; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Flame Retardants; Germany; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Housing; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Paraffin; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Polycyclic Compounds

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) were measured in aquatic, amphibious, and terrestrial wildlife collected from an e-waste contaminated pond and its surrounding region. The species-specific bioaccumulation and maternal transfer of chemicals in the watersnake were investigated. Total concentrations of target chemicals ranged from 1.3 × 10

Topics: Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Birds; Bromobenzenes; China; Ecosystem; Eggs; Electronic Waste; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Flame Retardants; Food Chain; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Halogenation; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Maternal Exposure; Organic Chemicals; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Polycyclic Compounds; Snakes; Water Pollutants, Chemical

This study investigated the prevalence and abundance of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in sludge samples from 5 sewage treatment plants in Guangzhou, China. Detection of 18 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 9 alternative HFRs including Dechlorane Plus (DP), brominated alkylbenzenes, and polybrominated biphenyls, and 2 related degradation products was conducted. Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) were the dominant HFRs, with concentrations ranging from 200 to 2150 ng/g and 680-27,400 ng/g, respectively. The DBDPE detected was the highest level reported so far, exceeding those previously reported by 10-100 times. PBDEs were surpassed as the dominant HFRs in sewage sludge, with mean DBDPE/BDE 209 ratio exceeding 2 in all samples. The review of earlier surveys reveals that DBDPE level was surging while BDE 209 was declining. Annual emissions of BDE 209, DP, and DBDPE were estimated to be 227.9, 10.5, and 979.3 kg/yr, respectively. Although ecological risks assessment suggested low risks for the examined sludge, the key environmental properties and transformation pathways of alternative HFRs remain largely unknown. These findings prompt for further investigations on alternative HFR and sustainable management practices for HFR-laden biosolids. The HFR emission pattern revealed in this study is likely representative of other similarly industrialized regions in the post-PBDE era.

Topics: Bromobenzenes; China; Cities; Environmental Monitoring; Flame Retardants; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Halogenation; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Polycyclic Compounds; Sewage; Water Pollutants, Chemical

Few studies have been conducted on the alternatives to legacy flame retardants in avian species worldwide. In this study, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alternative flame retardants such as novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and dechlorane plus (DP) were determined in livers of 10 species of birds from Korea to elucidate species-specific accumulation, biological factors that affect accumulation, and bioaccumulation potentials of these contaminants. Among the emerging alternative flame retardants, the highest occurrence was found for bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-phthalate (BEHTBP), syn-DP, anti-DP, and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE). PBDE concentrations (median: 17.1 ng/g lipid wt) measured in our study were within the ranges reported in previous studies, while the concentrations of BEHTBP, BTBPE and DP were greater than those reported earlier. Residential predatory birds showed significantly greater concentrations of PBDEs and NBFRs than migratory predators and passerine birds. The concentrations of PBDEs, BEHTBP, and DP in residential predatory birds were significantly correlated with increasing stable nitrogen isotope ratio (δ

Topics: Animals; Birds; Bromobenzenes; Diet; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Environmental Pollution; Flame Retardants; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Liver; Phthalic Acids; Polycyclic Compounds; Republic of Korea; Species Specificity

Previous work has shown that certain parts of the Great Lakes region are polluted with Dechlorane Plus (DP), a highly chlorinated flame retardant that was used as a replacement for Dechlorane/Mirex. It was suspected that a source of DP to the environment might be its manufacturing facility located in the city of Niagara Falls, New York. To confirm this source location and to determine DP's spatial distribution, 26 tree bark samples were collected in triplicate from the northeastern United States, and the concentrations of DP and several brominated flame retardants (BFRs) were measured. Most concentrations of DP in tree bark were found to be much higher than those of the BFRs. The highest DP concentrations were >100 ng g(-1) bark in the city of Niagara Falls, dropping rapidly with distance from the potential source. A simple one-dimensional, Gaussian diffusion model was used to explain the spatial distribution of DP and to locate the source. The calculated source location was <7 km away from the DP manufacturing plant in Niagara Falls, New York.

Topics: Bromobenzenes; China; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Flame Retardants; Germany; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Italy; Korea; Phenyl Ethers; Pinus; Plant Bark; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Polycyclic Compounds; United States