cytochrome-c-t and triphosphoric-acid

To explore the effect of long-time propofol infusion on myocardial enzymes, mitochondrial cytochrome C and ATP in rabbits. 
 Methods: A total of 18 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: a control group, a propofol group and an intralipid group. The rabbits were continuously infused with 0.9% normal saline in the control group, 1% propofol in the propofol group, and 10% intralipid in the intralipid group, respectivey. The arterial blood was collected at 0, 8, 16 h and the end of experiment to examine creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB). In the end, the myocardial mitochondria from myocardial tissues was separated by differential centrifugation, and mitochondrial cytochrome C content and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were examined by high performance liquid chromatography.
 Results: Compared with the control group, the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria were increased in the propofol group and the intralipid group (both P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between them (P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in the ATP content of the mitochondria among the 3 groups (P>0.05). The levels of CK were increased at 8, 16 and 24 h after infusion in the propofol group and the intralipid group compared with that before the infusion (all P<0.05); compared with the control group, the levels of CK were increased at 8, 16 and 24 h after infusion in the propofol group and the intralipid group (all P<0.05); compared with the intralipid group, the levels of CK were increased at 8, 16 and 24 h after infusion in the propofol group (all P>0.05); compared with the control group, the levels of CK-MB were obviously increased in the infusion of propofol for 24 h in the propofol group (P<0.05).
 Conclusion: The levels of serum CK increase after the infusion of propofol and intralipid for a long time, and the levels of CK-MB also elevate in the infusion of propofol. Propofol and intralipid can increase the release of myocardial mitochondrial cytochrome C, but they don't affect the ATP production in myocardial mitochondrial.. 目的：探讨长时间输注丙泊酚对兔心肌酶、线粒体细胞色素C和ATP的影响。方法：18只成年新西兰兔随机分为空白对照组、丙泊酚组和脂肪乳组，每组6只。空白对照组持续输注0.9%生理盐水，丙泊酚组持续输注1%丙泊酚，脂肪乳组持续输注10%脂肪乳。试验过程中分别在0，8，16 h和实验终点采集动脉血检测肌酸激酶(creatine kinase，CK)和肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase-MB，CK-MB)，实验结束取心肌组织，用差速离心法分离心肌线粒体，高效液相色谱法测量线粒体细胞色素C含量和ATP含量。结果：与空白对照组相比，丙泊酚组和脂肪乳组细胞色素C从线粒体的释放增加，差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)；丙泊酚组和脂肪组两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；3组间线粒体内ATP含量比较，差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与同组0 h点比较，丙泊酚组和脂肪乳组在输注8，16和24 h的CK升高(均P<0.05)；与空白对照组比较，丙泊酚组和脂肪乳组在输注8，16和
24 h的CK升高(均P<0.05)；与脂肪乳组比较，丙泊酚组CK在输注8，16和24 h升高，差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与空白对照组比较，丙泊酚组在持续输注丙泊酚24 h时CK-MB升高明显(P<0.05)；与同组0 h点比较，丙泊酚组在持续输注24 h后CK-MB升高明显(P<0.05)。结论：长时间输注丙泊酚和脂肪乳均可使血清CK升高，但丙泊酚可使CK-MB升高。丙泊酚和脂肪乳均能使心肌线粒体细胞色素C释放增加，但不影响心肌线粒体ATP产量。.

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Creatine Kinase; Creatine Kinase, MB Form; Cytochromes c; Emulsions; Infusions, Intravenous; Mitochondria; Myocardium; Phospholipids; Polyphosphates; Propofol; Rabbits; Soybean Oil

Chitosan was first converted into micro-droplets by using a high voltage electrostatic field system. The droplets were then dropped into a series of Na(5)P(3)O(10)/NaOH solution mixtures with volume ratio of 17:3, 19:1, 1:0 (pure aqueous Na(5)P(3)O(10)) or 0:1 (pure aqueous NaOH) in order to fabricate chitosan microspheres with different membrane structures. The microspheres exhibit distinct chemical and physical properties, including release behaviors of encapsulated drugs. These chitosan microspheres prepared by this method exhibited good sphericity within the range of (286.6 +/- 15.9) to (356 +/- 9.5) microm in diameters. SEM observations have indicated that the chitosan microspheres exhibited distinct surface structures depending on the post-treatment solutions. The mechanical strength of the chitosan microspheres significantly improved upon treatment with Na(5)P(3)O(10)/NaOH solution at ratio of 17:3 (v/v), as compared with the same but at ratio of 19:1, 1:0 (pure Na(5)P(3)O(10)) and 0:1 (pure NaOH) solutions. In addition, chitosan microspheres with unique multi-walled concentric shell membrane structures were prepared by treating with Na(5)P(3)O(10)/NaOH solution at ratio of 19:1. Release studies were carried out to evaluate the kinetic profiles of two model drugs (5-fluorouracil and cytochrome C) from these prepared chitosan microspheres. When chitosan microspheres treated with Na(5)P(3)O(10)/NaOH ratio at 17:3, the release of cytochrome C was found to be the slowest as compared to those treated by the same Na(5)P(3)O(10)/NaOH solution of other mixing ratios, after a period of 35-day "endurance" test. However, in one case, 5-fluorouracil released quite quickly in a period of 30 min (about 80% completion). The wide range of drug release results might be attributed to the unique and wide range of surface characteristics, porosities, and various structures of chitosan microspheres upon treatment with Na(5)P(3)O(10)/NaOH solutions. These results indicate that, by adjusting the Na(5)P(3)O(10)/NaOH ratios, without extra manipulation on polymer material formulation, one could obtain an additional degree of freedom in drug release profile that permits the simultaneous regulation of morphologies of surface texture and internal structure, mechanical properties, and molecular permeability of the microspheres.

Topics: Albumins; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Chitosan; Cross-Linking Reagents; Cytochromes c; Fluorouracil; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microspheres; Particle Size; Polyphosphates; Sodium Hydroxide; Solutions; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Tensile Strength