cytochrome-c-t and eupatorin

Eupatorin is a naturally occurring flavone that inhibits cell proliferation in human tumor cells. Here we demonstrate that eupatorin arrests cells at the G2-M phase of the cell cycle and induces apoptotic cell death involving activation of multiple caspases, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage in human leukemia cells. This flavonoid induced the phosphorylation of members of the mitogen-activated protein kinases and cell death was attenuated by inhibition of c-jun N-terminal kinases/stress activated protein kinases. Eupatorin-induced cell death is mediated by both the extrinsic and the intrinsic apoptotic pathways and through a mechanism dependent on reactive oxygen species generation.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; Caspases; Cell Division; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cytochromes c; Flavonoids; G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; HL-60 Cells; Humans; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Phosphorylation; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; Proteolysis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction