cytidine has been researched along with deoxyuridine in 46 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 30 (65.22) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 4 (8.70) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 5 (10.87) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 6 (13.04) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1 (2.17) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Chawla, RR; Hampton, A; Kappler, F | 1 |
| Hackstadt, T; Mallavia, LP | 1 |
| Rima, BK; Takahashi, I | 1 |
| Brun, G; Goodgame, DM; Skapski, AC | 1 |
| Ratliff, RL; Walters, RA | 1 |
| Ayers, O; Malinowski, N; Moyer, JD | 1 |
| Bean, B; Tomasz, A | 1 |
| Abbott, MT; McCroskey, RP; Shaffer, PM | 1 |
| Moner, JG; Plunkett, W | 1 |
| Beck, CF; Ingraham, JL; Neuhard, J; Thomassen, E | 1 |
| Newton, AA; Rubery, ED | 1 |
| Erbe, J; Plagemann, PG | 1 |
| Lüdemann, HD | 1 |
| Ganeshaguru, K; Hoffbrand, AV; Tattersall, MH | 1 |
| Bloch, A; McPartland, RP; Wang, MC; Weinfeld, H | 1 |
| Berger, NA; Eichhorn, GL; Tarien, E | 1 |
| Karasek, M; Lewis, RA | 1 |
| Cooper, GM; Greer, S | 1 |
| Berthod, H; Pullman, B | 1 |
| Danzig, M; Shapiro, R | 1 |
| Kusaka, T | 1 |
| Scocca, JJ | 1 |
| Feinendegen, LE; Mühlensiepen, H; Porschen, W | 1 |
| Böhmer, FD; Graetz, H; Grosse, R; Langen, P; Lehmann, W | 1 |
| Eyring, H; Miles, DL; Miles, DW; Redington, PK | 1 |
| Katz, DJ; Townsend, LB; Wise, DS | 1 |
| Deveski, WB; Dudman, NP; Tattersall, MH | 1 |
| Beigelman, L; Haeberli, P; Karpeisky, A; Matulic-Adamic, J; Sweedler, D; Usman, N | 1 |
| Andersen, PS; Hammer, K; Martinussen, J | 1 |
| Ko, RC; So, NN; Wong, PC | 1 |
| Cho, MJ; Kang, SH | 1 |
| Evans, VJ; Price, FM; Rotherham, J | 2 |
| Kuznetsova, S; Laval, J; Mtchedlidze, M; Rykhlevskaya, A; Taranenko, M | 1 |
| FUKUHARA, TK; VISSER, DW | 1 |
| Aubertin, AM; Focher, F; Gosselin, G; Lossani, A; Mathé, C; Périgaud, C; Roy, B; Spadari, S; Verri, A | 1 |
| Fu, D; Gearhart, PJ; Joshi, NS; Martomo, SA; Yang, WW | 1 |
| Iams, TA; McKee, EE; Morris, GW; Slepchenko, KG | 1 |
| Saada, A | 1 |
| Fehm, T; Kootz, B; Neubauer, H; Schott, S; Seeger, H; Wallwiener, M | 1 |
| Hu, P; Liang, QL; Luo, GA; Wang, YM; Xia, JF; Zou, TT | 1 |
| Hack, A; Königsrainer, A; Küper, M; Schott, TC; Struller, F; Weinreich, J | 1 |
| Alam, S; Fujimoto, K; Nguyen, TT; Sakamoto, T; Suzuki, H; Tsukahara, T; Vu, LT | 1 |
| Giuashvili, S; Königsrainer, A; Reymond, M; Sautkin, I; Schott, TC; Struller, F; Weinreich, J | 1 |
| de Klerk, DJ; Honeywell, RJ; Kristensen, MH; Peters, GJ; Sarkisjan, D | 1 |
| Hughes, C; Lewis, P; Warren, S; Waters, MD; Zhang, F | 1 |
1 review(s) available for cytidine and deoxyuridine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Human genetic risk of treatment with antiviral nucleoside analog drugs that induce lethal mutagenesis: The special case of molnupiravir.
Topics: Amides; Antiviral Agents; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytidine; Deoxyuridine; DNA Damage; Genome, Human; Humans; Hydroxylamines; Mutagenesis; Nucleosides; Pyrazines; Ribavirin; SARS-CoV-2 | 2022 |
45 other study(ies) available for cytidine and deoxyuridine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Species- or isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. 5. Differential effects of thymidine substituents on affinity for rat thymidine kinase isozymes.
Topics: Animals; Cytoplasm; In Vitro Techniques; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Mitochondria; Pyrimidine Nucleosides; Rats; Thymidine; Thymidine Kinase; Tissue Distribution | 1982 |
Deoxypyrimidine nucleoside metabolism in varicella-zoster virus-infected cells.
Topics: Cell Line; Cytidine; Deoxycytidine; Deoxyribonucleosides; Deoxyuridine; Enzyme Induction; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Weight; Thymidine; Thymidine Kinase | 1978 |
Metabolism of pyrimidine bases and nucleosides in Bacillus subtilis.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Cytidine; Cytidine Deaminase; Cytosine; Deoxycytidine; Deoxyuridine; DNA, Bacterial; Mutation; Nucleoside Deaminases; Pentosyltransferases; Phosphotransferases; Pyrimidine Nucleosides; Pyrimidines; Uracil; Uridine | 1977 |
Reaction of ribonucleosides and deoxynucleosides with copper(II) acetate.
Topics: Acetates; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Copper; Cytidine; Deoxycytidine; Deoxyribonucleosides; Deoxyuridine; Ribonucleosides; Spectrum Analysis; Thymidine; Uridine | 1975 |
Lack of specific correlation of the deoxycytidine triphosphate pool level with rate of DNA synthesis.
Topics: Cell Line; Cytidine; Cytosine Nucleotides; Deoxycytidine; Deoxyribonucleotides; Deoxyuridine; DNA Replication; Thymidine | 1975 |
Salvage of circulating pyrimidine nucleosides by tissues of the mouse.
Topics: Animals; Cytidine; Deoxycytidine; Deoxyuridine; Half-Life; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Mice; Pyrimidine Nucleosides; Thymidine; Tissue Distribution; Uracil; Uridine | 1985 |
Selective utilization of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in pneumococcus.
Topics: Autoradiography; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cytidine; Deoxyribonucleosides; Deoxyuridine; DNA, Bacterial; Mutation; RNA, Bacterial; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Thymidine | 1973 |
Substrate specificity of the hydroxylase reaction in which thymidine is converted to thymine ribonucleoside.
Topics: Air; Calcium Phosphates; Carbon Isotopes; Cytidine; Deoxyadenosines; Deoxyribonucleosides; Deoxyuridine; Guanosine; Hydroxylation; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Neurospora; Neurospora crassa; Nitrogen; Nucleosides; Oxygen; Ribonucleosides; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thymidine; Thymine; Time Factors; Tritium; Uridine | 1972 |
The role of uridine-cytidine kinase in the regulation of pyrimidine ribonucleotide synthesis in Tetrahymena pyriformis GL.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Paper; Cytidine; Deoxyribonucleosides; Deoxyribonucleotides; Deoxyuridine; Enzyme Activation; Feedback; Floxuridine; Guanosine Triphosphate; Kinetics; Magnesium; Molecular Weight; Nucleotides; Phosphotransferases; Pyrimidine Nucleotides; Ribonucleotides; Tetrahymena pyriformis; Tritium; Uridine | 1971 |
Metabolism of pyrimidines and pyrimidine nucleosides by Salmonella typhimurium.
Topics: Aminohydrolases; Cytidine; Cytosine; Deoxyuridine; Floxuridine; Flucytosine; Fluorouracil; Genetics, Microbial; Genotype; Mutation; Nucleosides; Nucleotidyltransferases; Pentosyltransferases; Phosphotransferases; Pyrimidines; Salmonella typhimurium; Thymidine; Uracil; Uracil Nucleotides; Uridine | 1972 |
DNA methylation in normal and tumour virus-transformed cells in tissue culture. I. The level of DNA methylation in BHK21 cells and in BHK21 cells transformed by polyoma virus (PyY cells).
Topics: Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chromatography, Paper; Clone Cells; Cricetinae; Cytidine; Cytosine; Deoxyuridine; DNA; Kidney; Methionine; Methylation; Polyomavirus; Thymidine; Time Factors; Tritium; Uridine | 1973 |
Intracellular conversions of deoxyribonucleosides by Novikoff rat hepatoma cells and effects of hydroxyurea.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Cycloheximide; Cytidine; Deamination; Deoxyadenosines; Deoxyribonucleosides; Deoxyuridine; Diphosphates; Dipyridamole; DNA, Neoplasm; Guanine Nucleotides; Hydroxyurea; Hypoxanthines; Inosine; Inosine Nucleotides; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Phosphates; Rats; RNA, Neoplasm; Thymidine; Time Factors; Tritium | 1974 |
The interaction between pyrimidine nucleosides and benzene in aqueous solution, studied by proton magnetic resonance.
Topics: Benzene; Cytidine; Deoxyuridine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Temperature; Thymidine; Uridine | 1972 |
The mechanisms of action of three fluorine substituted cytosine analogs: implications for cancer chemotherapy.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Arabinose; Cells, Cultured; Cytarabine; Cytidine; Cytosine; Deoxyuridine; DNA; Flucytosine; Fluorine; Humans; Lymphocytes; Nucleosides; Thymidine; Tritium | 1974 |
Cytidine 5'-triphosphate synthetase as a target for inhibition by the antitumor agent 3-deazauridine.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cytidine; Cytosine Nucleotides; Deoxycytidine; Deoxyuridine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Leukemia L1210; Ligases; Liver; Mice; Thymidine; Uracil Nucleotides; Uridine | 1974 |
Stereoselective differentiation between ribonucleosides and deoxynucleosides by reaction with the copper(II) acetate dimer.
Topics: Acetates; Adenosine; Copper; Cytidine; Deoxyadenosines; Deoxyribonucleosides; Deoxyuridine; Guanosine; Inosine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Protein Binding; Ribonucleosides; Spectrum Analysis; Thymidine | 1972 |
Studies of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside metabolism in newborn mouse skin.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Carbon Isotopes; Culture Techniques; Cytidine; Cytosine Nucleotides; Deoxyribonucleosides; Deoxyuridine; DNA; Hydrolysis; Methods; Mice; Nucleotides; Phosphotransferases; Pyrimidines; Skin; Thymidine; Thymidine Kinase; Time Factors | 1972 |
The effect of inhibition of cytidine deaminase by tetrahydrouridine on the utilization of deoxycytidine and 5-bromodeoxycytidine for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aminohydrolases; Animals; Bone Marrow; Bromine; Cytidine; Deoxycytidine; Deoxyribonucleosides; Deoxyuridine; DNA; DNA, Neoplasm; Female; Fluorine; Intestine, Small; Lymphoma; Male; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C3H; Neoplasms, Experimental; Spleen; Testis; Tritium; Uridine | 1973 |
A molecular orbital investigation of the dipole moments of the syn and anti conformers of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides.
Topics: Adenosine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Cytidine; Deoxyuridine; Guanosine; Nucleosides; Stereoisomerism; Uridine | 1972 |
Acidic hydrolysis of deoxycytidine and deoxyuridine derivatives. The general mechanism of deoxyribonucleoside hydrolysis.
Topics: Bromine; Bromodeoxyuridine; Cytidine; Deoxyribonucleosides; Deoxyuridine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Mathematics; Methylation; Models, Chemical; Nucleosides; Spectrophotometry; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Thymidine; Ultraviolet Rays; Uracil | 1972 |
The mechanism of aristeromycin. I. Growth inhibition of Xanthomonas oryzae by aristeromycin.
Topics: Adenine; Adenosine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cytidine; Cytosine; Deoxyuridine; Guanine; Guanosine; Hypoxanthines; Inosine; Nucleosides; Thymidine; Thymine; Uracil; Uridine; Xanthines; Xanthomonas | 1971 |
Purification and substrate specificity of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase from Haemophilus influenzae.
Topics: Arabinose; Bromodeoxyuridine; Bromouracil; Chromatography; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Cytidine; Deoxyuridine; Dithiothreitol; Drug Stability; Electrophoresis; Glycerol; Haemophilus influenzae; Hot Temperature; Kinetics; Mathematics; Nucleosides; Pentosyltransferases; Phosphates; Spectrophotometry; Thymidine; Uracil; Uridine | 1971 |
Effect of blood serum from irradiated mice on the incorporation of DNA, RNA and protein precursor in L929 cells. A sensitive assay for measuring low dose response.
Topics: Animals; Blood; Cytidine; Deoxyuridine; DNA; Female; Fibroblasts; Leucine; Mice; RNA; Thymidine | 1983 |
Is ribonucleotide reductase in Ehrlich ascites mammary tumour cells the target of a growth inhibitor purified from bovine mammary gland?
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Cytidine; Deoxycytidine; Deoxyuridine; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Epidermal Growth Factor; Female; Growth Inhibitors; Hydroxyurea; Insulin; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mice; Nucleosides; Ribonucleotide Reductases; Uracil; Uridine | 1984 |
Optical activity and electronic absorption spectra of some simple nucleosides related to cytidine and uridine: all-valence-shell molecular orbital calculations.
Topics: 3-Deazauridine; Antineoplastic Agents; Circular Dichroism; Cytidine; Deoxyuridine; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectrum Analysis; Uridine | 1981 |
Synthesis of pyridazine analogues of the naturally occurring nucleosides cytidine, uridine, deoxycytidine, and deoxyuridine.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cytidine; Deoxycytidine; Deoxyuridine; Hydrolysis; In Vitro Techniques; Leukemia L1210; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Pyridazines; Pyrimidine Nucleosides; Uridine | 1982 |
Radioimmunoassays of plasma thymidine, uridine, deoxyuridine, and cytidine/deoxycytidine.
Topics: Animals; Cytidine; Deoxycytidine; Deoxyuridine; Immune Sera; Radioimmunoassay; Thymidine; Uridine | 1981 |
Synthesis of 2'-modified nucleotides and their incorporation into hammerhead ribozymes.
Topics: Cytidine; Deoxyuridine; Enzyme Stability; Humans; Nucleotides; Organophosphorus Compounds; RNA, Catalytic; Structure-Activity Relationship; Uridine | 1995 |
Nucleotide metabolism in Lactococcus lactis: salvage pathways of exogenous pyrimidines.
Topics: Cytidine; Deoxycytidine; Deoxyuridine; Enzymes; Escherichia coli; Kinetics; Lactococcus lactis; Pyrimidines; Species Specificity; Uracil; Uridine | 1994 |
Pathways of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis in gravid Angiostrongylus cantonensis.
Topics: Angiostrongylus cantonensis; Animals; Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases; Cytidine; Deoxyuridine; Female; Ligases; Pyrimidine Nucleotides; Pyrimidines; Uracil; Uridine | 1993 |
Biological activity and phosphorylation of 2'-azido-2'-deoxyuridine and 2'-azido-2'-deoxycytidine.
Topics: Animals; Azides; Cell Division; Cell Line; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cytidine; Deoxyuridine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphorylation; Ribonucleotide Reductases; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 1998 |
Some aspects of the role of vitamin B12 in nucleic acid synthesis in a neoplastic C3H mouse cell strain. I. Growth studies.
Topics: Adenine; Adenosine; Animals; Cell Division; Cytidine; Deoxyadenosines; Deoxycytidine; Deoxyuridine; DNA, Neoplasm; Folic Acid; Guanine; Mice; Nucleic Acid Precursors; Nucleosides; Pyrimidines; Thymidine; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Uridine; Vitamin B 12 | 1970 |
Some aspects of the role of vitamin B12 in nucleic acid synthesis in a neoplastic C3H mouse cell strain. II. Incorporation of precursors.
Topics: Adenine; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cytidine; Deoxycytidine; Deoxyuridine; DNA, Neoplasm; Mice; Nucleic Acid Precursors; Nucleosides; Thymidine; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Uridine; Vitamin B 12 | 1970 |
Photochemical cross-linking of Escherichia coli Fpg protein to DNA duplexes containing phenyl(trifluoromethyl)diazirine groups.
Topics: Azirines; Base Pairing; Base Sequence; Cross-Linking Reagents; Cytidine; Deoxyuridine; DNA; DNA Repair; DNA-Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Escherichia coli Proteins; Guanosine; N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; Oligonucleotides; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Photochemistry; Protein Binding; Substrate Specificity | 2003 |
Uridine, cytidine, and deoxyuridine derivatives.
Topics: Cytidine; Deoxyuridine; Nucleosides; Nucleotides; Uridine | 1962 |
Enantioselectivity of ribonucleotide reductase: a first study using stereoisomers of pyrimidine 2'-azido-2'-deoxynucleosides.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azides; Carbohydrates; Cell Division; Cloning, Molecular; Cytidine; Deoxycytidine Kinase; Deoxyribonucleosides; Deoxyuridine; Humans; Phosphorylation; Ribonucleotide Reductases; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Uridine Kinase | 2004 |
Deoxyuridine is generated preferentially in the nontranscribed strand of DNA from cells expressing activation-induced cytidine deaminase.
Topics: Base Sequence; Blotting, Southern; Cytidine; Cytidine Deaminase; Cytosine Deaminase; Deamination; Deoxyuridine; DNA; DNA Damage; DNA Mutational Analysis; DNA Repair; Escherichia coli; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Plasmids; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Recombinant Proteins; Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin; Transcription, Genetic; Uracil | 2005 |
Origin of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide pools in perfused rat heart: implications for 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine-dependent cardiotoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytidine; Cytidine Triphosphate; Deoxyadenine Nucleotides; Deoxycytidine; Deoxycytosine Nucleotides; Deoxyguanine Nucleotides; Deoxyuridine; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Perfusion; Phosphorylation; Pyrimidine Nucleotides; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Thymine Nucleotides; Uracil; Uridine; Uridine Monophosphate; Uridine Triphosphate; Zidovudine | 2009 |
Fishing in the (deoxyribonucleotide) pool.
Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites; Cytidine; Cytidine Triphosphate; Deoxyadenine Nucleotides; Deoxycytidine; Deoxycytosine Nucleotides; Deoxyguanine Nucleotides; Deoxyuridine; Heart; Humans; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Diseases; Models, Biological; Phosphorylation; Pyrimidine Nucleotides; Rats; Thymine Nucleotides; Uracil; Uridine; Uridine Monophosphate; Uridine Triphosphate; Zidovudine | 2009 |
ATP chemosensitivity testing of new antitumor duplex drugs linking 3`-C-ethynylycytidine (ECyd) and 2´-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5-FdU) in comparison to standard cytostatica and combinations thereof.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Death; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cytidine; Deoxyuridine; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Drug Synergism; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Reference Standards | 2011 |
Correlations of creatine and six related pyrimidine metabolites and diabetic nephropathy in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Creatine; Cytidine; Cytosine; Deoxyuridine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrimidines; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Thymidine; Thymine; Uridine | 2010 |
Sensitivity of gastric adenocarcinoma and normal cell lines against combined or conjugated antimetabolites.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cisplatin; Cytidine; Cytostatic Agents; Deoxyuridine; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Synergism; Epirubicin; Fibroblasts; Humans; Molecular Structure; Oligonucleotides; Prodrugs; Skin; Stomach; Stomach Neoplasms; Tumor Stem Cell Assay | 2013 |
Changing blue fluorescent protein to green fluorescent protein using chemical RNA editing as a novel strategy in genetic restoration.
Topics: Base Sequence; Cytidine; Deoxyuridine; Escherichia coli; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; RNA Editing; RNA, Messenger; Ultraviolet Rays; Uridine | 2015 |
Chemosensitivity of various peritoneal cancer cell lines to HIPEC and PIPAC: comparison of an experimental duplex drug to standard drug regimens in vitro.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Cisplatin; Colonic Neoplasms; Cytidine; Cytostatic Agents; Deoxyuridine; Doxorubicin; Female; Humans; Hyperthermia, Induced; In Vitro Techniques; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Oxaliplatin; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Stomach Neoplasms; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2019 |
DNA methyltransferases expression in normal tissues and various human cancer cell lines, xenografts and tumors.
Topics: 5-Methylcytosine; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Colorectal Neoplasms; Cytidine; Deoxyuridine; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; DNA Methylation; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Heterografts; Humans; Male; Mice, Nude; Middle Aged; RNA, Messenger | 2018 |